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Re-Emphasizing the Roles of General Medical and Dental Practitioners Regarding Oral Cancer Eradication in Nigeria. ACTA MEDICA MARTINIANA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/acm-2021-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The burden of oral cancer in Nigeria is largely under-reported. The available data on oral cancer etiology/risk factors, clinical features, disease burden, and literacy rate in Nigeria points towards a possible explosion in prevalence in the near future, which poses a serious public health concern. The general medical and dental practitioners (GMDPs) in Nigeria can salvage this looming problem through appropriate public health and clinical interventions. This narrative review article re-emphasizes the key roles of GMDPs towards oral cancer eradication in Nigeria. It also discusses oral cancer case definition, etiology, risk factors, and the epidemiological burden in the Nigerian context.
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Chia C, Key S, Hasan Z, Virk S, Riffat F. Systematic review and meta-analysis of cervical metastases in oral maxillary squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 4:e1410. [PMID: 33963809 PMCID: PMC8714539 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Management of the node‐negative neck in oral maxillary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), encompassing the hard palate and upper alveolar subsites of the oral cavity, is controversial, with no clear international consensus or recommendation regarding elective neck dissection in the absence of cervical metastases. Aim To assess the occult metastatic rate in patients with clinically node negative oral maxillary SCC; both as an overall metastatic rate, and a comparison of patients managed with an elective neck dissection at index surgery, compared to excision of the primary with clinical observation of the neck. Methods and results A systematic review was performed by two independent investigators for studies relating to oral maxillary SCC and analysed according to PRISMA criteria. Data were extracted from Pubmed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS via relevant MeSH terms. Grey literature was searched through Google Scholar and OpenGrey. Five hundred and fifty‐three articles were identified on the initial search, 483 unique articles underwent screening against eligibility criteria, and 29 studies were identified for final data extraction. Incidence of occult metastases in patients with clinically node negative oral maxillary SCC was identified either on primary elective neck dissection or on routine follow up. Meta‐analyses were performed. Of 553 relevant articles identified on initial search, 29 were included for analysis. The pooled overall rate of occult metastases in patients initially presenting with clinically node‐negative disease was 22.2%. There is a statistically significant effect of END on decreasing regional recurrence demonstrated in this study (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.24, 0.59). Conclusion The results of this systematic review and meta‐analysis suggest elective neck dissection for patients presenting with hard palate or upper alveolar SCC, even in a clinically node negative neck.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zubair Hasan
- Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sohaib Virk
- University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Faruque Riffat
- University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Macquarie University Hospital, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
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Hammouda Y, Halily S, Oukessou Y, Rouadi S, Abada R, Roubal M, Mahtar M. Malignant tumors of the hard palate: Report of 4 cases and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep 2021; 78:228-234. [PMID: 33360635 PMCID: PMC7773679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer of the hard palate is a fairly rare malignant tumor. Different histological types have been described in the hard palate, and that can affect its different structures. Diagnosis is based on biopsy with histological examination and possibly on immunohistochemical markers to confirm the diagnosis and exclude other diagnostic hypotheses. The aim of this study was to determine histopathologic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of malignant tumors of the hard palate. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective review of 4 patients who underwent Surgical resection by trans oral approach was performed for different histological types of malignant tumors of the hard palate. These included squamous cell carcinoma (case1 and case 2), mucosal melanoma (case 3), and adenocarcinoma (case 4). RESULTS The T stage was analyzed for all cases. Two cases were classified as T2 stage with a tumor size between 2 and 4 cm and the two others, given the extension to the maxillary and nasal cavity were classified as T4a. Cervical lymph node metastasis was found in three patients. DISCUSSION Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for malignant tumors of the hard palate. There is a variety of surgical procedures that can be used via a trans oral approach. Reconstruction of palatal defects with a prosthesis is sufficient, whereas larger defects will require a local, regional or even microvascular free tissue flap. The differences between these surgical techniques are presented, and indications are discussed. CONCLUSION The therapeutic management for malignant tumors of the hard palate is essentially surgical, with or without postoperative radiotherapy, discussed on a case-by-case basis. Survival rate depends on several factors, including early diagnosis, histological characteristic and appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hammouda
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Casablanca University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - S Halily
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Casablanca University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - Y Oukessou
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Casablanca University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - S Rouadi
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Casablanca University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - R Abada
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Casablanca University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - M Roubal
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Casablanca University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - M Mahtar
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Casablanca University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
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Obayemi A, Cracchiolo JR, Migliacci JC, Husain Q, Rahmati R, Roman BR, Cohen MA. Elective neck dissection (END) and cN0 hard palate and upper gingival cancers: A National Cancer Database analysis of factors predictive of END and impact on survival. J Surg Oncol 2019; 120:1259-1265. [PMID: 31549410 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The reported risk of nodal metastasis in hard palate and upper gingival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been inconsistent with inadequate consensus regarding the utility of neck dissection in the clinically negative (cN0) neck. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the National Cancer Database, cN0 patients diagnosed with SCC of the head and neck with the subsites of the hard palate and upper gingiva were identified from 2004 to 2014. RESULTS A total of 1830 patients were identified, and END was performed on 422 patients with cN0 tumors. Pathologically positive nodes occurred in 14% (59/422) of patients in this cohort. Higher tumor stage, academic hospital type, and large hospital volume (>28 cancer-specific cases/year) were associated with a higher likelihood of END both in univariate and multivariate analyses (P < .05). Patients >80 years of age were less likely to receive END on multivariate analysis (OR 0.52, 0.32-0.84). No variables, including advanced T stage, predicted occult metastases. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that patients who underwent END demonstrated improved OS over an 11-year period (hazard ratio 0.75, P = .002). On subgroup analysis, this improvement was significant in patients with both stage T1 and T4 tumors. CONCLUSIONS Tumor stage, hospital type, and hospital volume were associated with higher rates of END for patients with cN0 hard palate SCC and after controlling for clinical factors, END was associated with improved overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adetokunbo Obayemi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer R Cracchiolo
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jocelyn C Migliacci
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Qasim Husain
- Coastal Ear, Nose, and Throat, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University, Nutley, New Jersey
| | - Rahmatullah Rahmati
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin R Roman
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marc A Cohen
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Baishya N, Rahman T, Das AK, Kalita CR, Sharma JD, Krishnatreya M, Kataki AC. Squamous cell carcinoma of upper alveolus: An experience of a tertiary care center of Northeast India. South Asian J Cancer 2019; 8:44-46. [PMID: 30766853 PMCID: PMC6348776 DOI: 10.4103/sajc.sajc_66_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The main objective of this study was to analyze the clinical behavior and the impact of nodal metastasis on the prognosis of upper alveolus squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Materials and Methods: The medical records of 110 patients with SCC of the upper alveolus (International Classification of Diseases-10-C03.0) diagnosed during 2010–2015 were reviewed. Survival analysis was done using the Kaplan–Meier method and was compared using log rank-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 110 patients, 59 were males and 51 were females. Forty-six (41.8%) patients presented with lymph node metastasis. Fifty-three (51.8%) patients presented in Stage IVA, thirty (27.3%) patients in Stage IVB, ten (9.1%) patients in Stage III, 12 (10.9%) patients in Stage II. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 71.1% in Stage II, in Stage III it was 65.6%, in Stage it was IVA 56.7%, and in Stage IVB it was 19.4% (P = 0.02). The 5-year OS for node negative compared with node positive was 66.3% versus 37.3%, respectively (P = 0.019). Conclusion: Presence of lymph node metastasis is associated with lower survival rates. Adequate surgical resection with adjuvant treatment, where necessary, offers the best chance of disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizara Baishya
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Dr. B Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Tashnin Rahman
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Dr. B Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Das
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Dr. B Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Chandi Ram Kalita
- Department of Hospital Based Cancer Registry, Dr. B Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | - Manigreeva Krishnatreya
- Department of Cancer Registry and Epidemiology, Dr. B Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Amal Chandra Kataki
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Dr. B Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Lima TBD, Klein IP, Oliveira MGD, Rados PV, Sant'Ana M, Visioli F. Analysis of the Epithelium-Mesenchymal Transition Process on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Braz Dent J 2017; 28:543-547. [PMID: 29215676 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201701484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Bmi-1, and their association with clinical parameters and with the degree of histopathological differentiation in oral squamous cell carcinomas. 65 squamous cell carcinoma samples were used for constructing a tissue microarray block, and then immunohistochemistry was performed for different markers. A semi-quantitative analysis of the amount of positive tumor cells was performed by two blind and calibrated observers (Kappa>0.75). The statistical Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to evaluate the data. The correlation between variables was investigated by the Spearman test, and the significance level set at p<0.05. We observed higher expression of Bmi-1 in tumors located in the palate (p<0.0001). In addition, poorly differentiated tumors had a greater amount of Bmi-1 positive cells (p=0.0011). Regarding the other correlations between variables, no significant associations were detected. In conclusion, poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas located in the palate have higher immunostaining of Bmi-1, which can characterize activation of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition process in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiane Berguemaier de Lima
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Isadora Peres Klein
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Gaiger de Oliveira
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pantelis Varvaki Rados
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Manoel Sant'Ana
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Ferreira DM, Neves TJ, Lima LGCA, Alves FA, Begnami MD. Prognostic implications of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma: overexpression of p-mTOR indicates an adverse prognosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s41241-017-0046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Shin WJ, Cho YA, Kang KR, Kim JH, Hong SD, Lee JI, Hong SP, Yoon HJ. KiSS-1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its prognostic significance. APMIS 2016; 124:291-8. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wui-Jung Shin
- Department of Oral Pathology; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Young-Ah Cho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Kyung-Rim Kang
- Department of Oral Pathology; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
- Dental Research Institute; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Seong-Doo Hong
- Department of Oral Pathology; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
- Dental Research Institute; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jae-Il Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
- Dental Research Institute; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Sam-Pyo Hong
- Department of Oral Pathology; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
- Dental Research Institute; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Yoon
- Department of Oral Pathology; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
- Dental Research Institute; School of Dentistry; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
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Are There Clinical or Pathological Parameters of Maxillary Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma With an Influence on the Occurrence of Neck Node Metastasis? An Appraisal of 92 Patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 74:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gender differences in prognostic factors for oral cancer. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 44:1205-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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