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Trafalski M, Kozakiewicz M, Jurczyszyn K. Application of Fractal Dimension and Texture Analysis to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Treatment of a Venous Lake in the Oral Mucosa Using a 980 nm Diode Laser-A Preliminary Study. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154140. [PMID: 34361334 PMCID: PMC8347063 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Venous lake (VL) is a common lesion resulting from the enlargement of thin-walled veins surrounded by a thick wall of fibrous tissue. Photocoagulation is becoming one of the basic methods for treating small vascular lesions. The aim of this study was an application of texture analysis (TA) and fractal dimension analysis (FDA) to evaluate VL treatment. Twenty-three VLs were included in the study. We used a 980 nm diode laser, 6 W, 100 ms pulse mode with a 50% duty cycle. The total dose of energy was in a range from 80 J to 600 J. We used the difference of intensity algorithm for FDA and microcontrast and a co-occurrence matrix for TA. A complete therapeutic effect was achieved in 83%, and in 9%, scar formation was observed after three months. No healing was observed in 4%, and there was partial healing in 4%. No differences in FD were observed between the lesions after three months and the healthy mucosa. The fractal dimension and microcontrast of a vascular lesion are mutually coupled. FDA and TA is a useful and objective method of assessing treatment effects for venous lakes. The non-contact mode of the 980 nm diode laser is an effective and safe method for treating a VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Trafalski
- Department of Dental Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Marcin Kozakiewicz
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 113 S. Żeromski Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Kamil Jurczyszyn
- Department of Dental Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Romano A, Di Stasio D, Petruzzi M, Fiori F, Lajolo C, Santarelli A, Lucchese A, Serpico R, Contaldo M. Noninvasive Imaging Methods to Improve the Diagnosis of Oral Carcinoma and Its Precursors: State of the Art and Proposal of a Three-Step Diagnostic Process. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122864. [PMID: 34201237 PMCID: PMC8228647 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 90–95% of malignant tumors of the lip and oral cavity and is associated with high mortality in the advanced stages. Early diagnosis is a challenge for oral pathologists and dentists, due to the ambiguous appearance of early OSCC, which is often misdiagnosed, mistreated, and associated with diagnostic delay. The gold standards for OSCC diagnosis are biopsy and histopathological assessment, but these procedures are invasive and time-consuming. Adjunctive noninvasive techniques allow the definition of the malignant features of a suspicious lesion in real time and noninvasively, thus improving the diagnostic procedure. The present review aimed to focus on some of the main promising noninvasive imaging techniques, to highlight their perspective adoption in a three-step diagnosis, which is idealistically faster and better, as well as enables the patient’s compliance. Abstract Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent form of cancer of lips and oral cavity, and its diagnostic delay, caused by misdiagnosis at the early stages, is responsible for high mortality ratios. Biopsy and histopathological assessment are the gold standards for OSCC diagnosis, but they are time-consuming, invasive, and do not always enable the patient’s compliance, mainly in cases of follow-up with the need for more biopsies. The use of adjunctive noninvasive imaging techniques improves the diagnostic approach, making it faster and better accepted by patients. The present review aims to focus on the most consolidated diagnostic techniques, such as vital staining and tissue autofluorescence, and to report the potential role of some of the most promising innovative techniques, such as narrow-band imaging, high-frequency ultrasounds, optical coherence tomography, and in vivo confocal microscopy. According to their contribution to OSCC diagnosis, an ideal three-step diagnostic procedure is proposed, to make the diagnostic path faster, better, and more accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Romano
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (D.D.S.); (F.F.); (A.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Dario Di Stasio
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (D.D.S.); (F.F.); (A.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Massimo Petruzzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Fausto Fiori
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (D.D.S.); (F.F.); (A.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Carlo Lajolo
- Head and Neck Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli–IRCCS, School of Dentistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Santarelli
- Department of Clinical Specialist and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Alberta Lucchese
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (D.D.S.); (F.F.); (A.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Rosario Serpico
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (D.D.S.); (F.F.); (A.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Maria Contaldo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.); (D.D.S.); (F.F.); (A.L.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3204876058
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Franciotti R, Moharrami M, Quaranta A, Bizzoca ME, Piattelli A, Aprile G, Perrotti V. Use of fractal analysis in dental images for osteoporosis detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1041-1052. [PMID: 33511446 PMCID: PMC8128830 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-05852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fractal dimension (FD) calculated on oral radiographs has been proposed as a useful tool to screen for osteoporosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis firstly aimed at assessing the reliability of FD measures in distinguishing osteoporotic patients (OP) from healthy controls (HC), and secondly, to identify a standardized procedure of FD calculation in dental radiographs for the possible use as a surrogate measure of osteoporosis. A comprehensive search was conducted up to September 2020 using PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was followed. Meta-analysis was performed on FD values calculated for HC and OP. Overall, 293 articles were identified. After a three steps screening, 19 studies were included in the qualitative appraisal and 12 were considered for meta-analysis. The methodological quality of the retrieved studies was generally low. Most of the studies included used White and Rudolph and box counting to process the images and to calculate FD, respectively. Overall, 51% of the studies found a meaningful difference between HC and OP groups. Meta-analyses showed that to date, FD measures on dental radiographs are not able to distinguish the OP from HC group significantly. From the current evidence, the use of FD for the identification of OP is not reliable, and no clear conclusion can be drawn due to the heterogeneity of studies. The present review revealed the need for further studies and provided the fundamentals to design them in order to find a standardized procedure for FD calculation (regions for FD assessment; images processing technique; methods for FD measurement). More effort should be made to identify osteoporosis using dental images which are cheap and routinely taken during periodic dental examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Franciotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Moharrami
- Independent Researcher, Private Practice, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Quaranta
- Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia
- Smile Specialists Suite, Newcastle, 2300, Australia
| | - M E Bizzoca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - A Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara "Gabriele D'Annunzio", Via dei vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Biomaterials Engineering, Catholic University of San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
- Fondazione Villaserena per la Ricerca, Città Sant'Angelo, Pescara, Italy
| | | | - V Perrotti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara "Gabriele D'Annunzio", Via dei vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
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Application of Texture and Fractal Dimension Analysis to Estimate Effectiveness of Oral Leukoplakia Treatment Using an Er:YAG Laser-A Prospective Study. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13163614. [PMID: 32824196 PMCID: PMC7475997 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral leukoplakia (OL) is a potential neoplasmic lesion. The aim of this study was to apply texture analysis (TA) and fractal dimension analysis (FDA) to estimate the effectiveness of OL treatment using an Er:YAG laser. METHODS Eighteen patients with 32 lesions were treated. Laser procedures were conducted using the LiteTouch™ Er:YAG Dental Laser. The diameter of the operational tip was 1.3 mm, the power was 50 mJ, the frequency was 50 Hz, and the wavelength was 2940 nm. TA was based on long and short-run emphasis inverse moments, difference entropy, inverse difference moment, and wavelet decomposition for two-dimensional photography. FDA was measured using the box-counting method. RESULTS Total response was achieved in 50% of lesions, partial response was observed in 47%, and 3% of lesions did not respond to treatment. Recurrence occurred in 34% of lesions. TA features indicated pathological images depicting leukoplakia and complete reconstruction of the correct mucosal image after laser ablation. The discrete wavelet transformation feature detects much larger structures than the properties derived from the run-length matrix and co-occurrence matrix. CONCLUSIONS The Er:YAG laser is an effective treatment method in cases of oral leukoplakia. Leukoplakia treatment by Er:YAG laser is an effective modality, as revealed by the oral mucosa microstructure. TA and FDA are promising methods to estimate the effectiveness of OL treatment.
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Contaldo M, Lauritano D, Carinci F, Romano A, Di Stasio D, Lajolo C, Della Vella F, Serpico R, Lucchese A. Intraoral confocal microscopy of suspicious oral lesions: a prospective case series. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:82-90. [PMID: 31287162 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for more than 90% of oral epithelial malignancies and often arises from precursor lesions, whose diagnosis is based on biopsy and histopathology. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) images the vital tissues at microscopic resolution, well correlating with conventional histopathology, but it is poorly investigated in oral oncology. The present work aims to describe RCM cytoarchitectural findings in oral mucosae affected by OSCC and its precursors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A series of clinically suspected oral lesions underwent RCM imaging before conventional biopsy and histopathological assessment in order to identify features suggestive of tumoral changes. Sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of RCM compared to histopathology were calculated. RESULTS Totally, 30 sites in 20 patients were considered and clinically classified into 16 "leukoplakia"/" traumatism", nine erosive-ulcerative lesions, three verrucous lesions, and two healthy mucosae, as control. The histopathological "positivity," due to the presence of various degrees of dysplasia and/or neoplasia, was found in 11 lesions; the RCM "positivity" was referred to nine lesions reporting the RCM detection of polymorphism, multinucleated cells, irregular cellular maturation, altered nuclear/cytoplasm ratio, and abnormal blood vessels. After excluding three verrucous lesions from the RCM analysis, due to the low laser penetration through the hyperkeratotic layers, the results well correlated with histopathology, reporting 1.000 (SE), 0.933 (SP), 0.909 (PPV), and 1.000 (NPV). CONCLUSION RCM can reveal dysplastic/neoplastic signs occurring in oral lesions, thus supporting their diagnostic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Contaldo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Dorina Lauritano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesco Carinci
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Romano
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Di Stasio
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Lajolo
- Head and Neck Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli -IRCCS", School of Dentistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Fedora Della Vella
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Rosario Serpico
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberta Lucchese
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Contaldo M, Di Stasio D, Petruzzi M, Serpico R, Lucchese A. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy of oral lichen planus. Int J Dermatol 2019; 58:940-945. [PMID: 30773623 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is an imaging technique that can virtually biopsy vital tissues, noninvasively and in real time. It results in horizontal virtual slices at a microscopic resolution that correlates well with conventional histopathology. Despite the widespread use of RCM in dermatology, it is still rarely applied to the study of oral pathologies. The aim of the present work is to describe RCM cellular and architectural findings in oral mucosae affected by oral lichen planus (OLP). MATERIALS AND METHODS A series of conventionally diagnosed OLP lesions underwent RCM imaging with a portable reflectance confocal microscope that could scan from the surface to the submucosa. The confocal findings were collected, described, and compared with the literature. RESULTS A total of 31 oral sites affected by OLP in 12 patients were considered. According to their clinical appearance, 22 lesions showed a reticular-plaque pattern, six lesions were mainly atrophic-erosive, and the remaining three presented a mixed pattern. RCM examination showed hypergranulosis, epithelial disarray, spongiosis, necrotic keratinocytes, epithelial and subepithelial inflammatory cell infiltration, and dilated vessels; all findings were in lichen planus, with differences noted between the "white" and "red" manifestations of this pathology. CONCLUSIONS The use of RCM in routine clinical oral pathology tests is recommended to avoid recurrence of OLP and changes in its responsiveness to therapy, thus limiting the need for biopsy of lesions suspected of tumoral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Contaldo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Di Stasio
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Petruzzi
- Interdisciplinar Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Rosario Serpico
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberta Lucchese
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Maslennikova AV, Sirotkina MA, Moiseev AA, Finagina ES, Ksenofontov SY, Gelikonov GV, Matveev LA, Kiseleva EB, Zaitsev VY, Zagaynova EV, Feldchtein FI, Gladkova ND, Vitkin A. In-vivo longitudinal imaging of microvascular changes in irradiated oral mucosa of radiotherapy cancer patients using optical coherence tomography. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16505. [PMID: 29184130 PMCID: PMC5705675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucositis is the limiting toxicity of radio(chemo)therapy of head and neck cancer. Diagnostics, prophylaxis and correction of this condition demand new accurate and objective approaches. Here we report on an in vivo longitudinal monitoring of the oral mucosa dynamics in 25 patients during the course of radiotherapy of oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal cancer using multifunctional optical coherence tomography (OCT). A spectral domain OCT system with a specially-designed oral imaging probe was used. Microvasculature visualization was based on temporal speckle variations of the full complex signal evaluated by high-pass filtering of 3D data along the slow scan axis. Angiographic image quantification demonstrated an increase of the vascular density and total length of capillary-like-vessels before visual signs or clinical symptoms of mucositis occur. Especially significant microvascular changes compared to their initial levels occurred when grade two and three mucositis developed. Further, microvascular reaction was seen to be dose-level dependent. OCT monitoring in radiotherapy offers a non-invasive, convenient, label-free quantifiable structural and functional volumetric imaging method suitable for longitudinal human patient studies, furnishing fundamental radiobiological insights and potentially providing useful feedback data to enable adaptive radiotherapy (ART).
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Maslennikova
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Lobachevsky University, Gagarin Ave 23, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - M A Sirotkina
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - A A Moiseev
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulyanova Street 46, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - E S Finagina
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - S Y Ksenofontov
- Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulyanova Street 46, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - G V Gelikonov
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulyanova Street 46, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - L A Matveev
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulyanova Street 46, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - E B Kiseleva
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - V Y Zaitsev
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulyanova Street 46, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - E V Zagaynova
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - F I Feldchtein
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - N D Gladkova
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A Vitkin
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minina Square 10/1, 603005, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- University of Toronto and University Health Network, 610 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M9, Canada
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Gentile E, Maio C, Romano A, Laino L, Lucchese A. The potential role of in vivo optical coherence tomography for evaluating oral soft tissue: A systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 46:864-876. [PMID: 28477348 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in dentistry enabled the integration of already existing clinical and laboratory investigations in the study of the oral cavity. This systematic review presents an overview of the literature, to evaluate the usefulness of in vivo OCT for diagnosing oral soft tissues lesions, to compare the OCT results with traditional histology, and to identify limitations in prior studies so as to improve OCT applications. METHODS We performed a review of the literature using different search engines (PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) employing MeSH terms such as "optical coherence tomography" and "OCT" in conjunction with other terms. We utilized the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study design (PICOS) method to define our study eligibility criteria. RESULTS Initial results were 3155. In conclusion, there were only 27 studies which met our selection criteria. We decided to allocate the 27 selected items into three groups: healthy mucosa; benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions; and oral manifestations of systemic therapies or pathological conditions. CONCLUSIONS Although the OCT is an easy-to-perform test and it offers an attractive diagnostic and monitoring prospect for soft tissues of the oral cavity, further studies are needed to complete the current knowledge of this imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Gentile
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania - Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Maio
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania - Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Romano
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania - Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Laino
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania - Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberta Lucchese
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania - Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Al Tarhuni M, Goldman D, Jackson DN. ComprehensiveIn SituAnalysis of Arteriolar Network Geometry and Topology in Rat Gluteus Maximus Muscle. Microcirculation 2016; 23:456-67. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al Tarhuni
- Department of Medical Biophysics; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Department of Medical Biophysics; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Dwayne N. Jackson
- Department of Medical Biophysics; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
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