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Putri A, Pramanik F, Azhari A. The Suitability of Trabecular Patterns in the Assessment of Dental Implant Osseointegration Process through 2D Digital and 3D CBCT Radiographs. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:571-578. [PMID: 37729936 PMCID: PMC11132780 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The research aims to determine the suitability of the trabecular pattern in the assessment of the dental implant osseointegration process through two-dimensional (2D) digital and three-dimensional (3D) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a correlation description that explains the relationship between variables. The population consisted of 24 data points on 3D CBCT and 2D digital radiographs from the procedure after dental implants were inserted into the tibia of a New Zealand white rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) on days 3, 14, and 28. The radiograph was selected based on the region of interest (ROI), which covers the peri-implant area with a width of 1 mm and length following the height of the implant. The ROI was analyzed for trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), separation (Tb.Sp), number (Tb.N), and fractal dimension. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to statistically test the data to assess the consistency of intraobserver measurements and the r value (Pearson's correlation coefficient). This determines the correlation between trabecular patterns in both radiographic modalities and the Bland-Altman plot to observe the limits of acceptable discrepancies. RESULTS The ICC test showed high intraobserver consistency in trabecular pattern measurements on 2D digital radiographs and 3D CBCT. The trabecular space pattern and number showed an r value of 0.88 with radiographic modalities of 0.72 mm and 0.018, respectively. Additionally, the trabecular thickness and fractal dimension had an insignificant correlation, with an r value of 0.22, and the mean of the 2D radiograph was lower than that of CBCT. CONCLUSION The 2D radiograph and 3D CBCT showed correlations in the trabecular number and space results but had no correlation in the trabecular thickness and fractal dimension results. Based on intraclass correlation analysis, 3D CBCT appeared to be more reliable for measuring trabecular patterns (Tb.Th, Tb.Sp, Tb.N, and fractal dimension) than 2D radiograph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annisa Putri
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Residency Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Farina Pramanik
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Residency Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Azhari Azhari
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Residency Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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Putri A, Pramanik F, Azhari A. Micro Computed Tomography and Immunohistochemistry Analysis of Dental Implant Osseointegration in Animal Experimental Model: A Scoping Review. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:623-628. [PMID: 36977479 PMCID: PMC10569876 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Osseointegration is a complex process that involves the interaction of dental implants, bone, and the immune system. Preclinical testing was carried out to develop a better understanding of the mechanism. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging techniques and immunohistochemistry are excellent tools for this objective as both enable quantitative assessment of bone microarchitecture and intercellular interaction. An extensive literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley Online, Proquest and Ebscohost from January 2011 to January 2021. Among the publications retrieved, the rat model was the most frequently used experimental protocol, with the tibia being the most frequently implanted site. The region of interest demonstrates a high degree of homogeneity as measured by trabecula but varies in size and shape. The most frequently mentioned micro-CT bone parameter and immunohistochemistry bone markers were bone volume per total volume (BV/TV) and runt-related transcription factors (RUNX). Animal models, micro-CT analysis methods, and immunohistochemistry biomarkers yielded a variety of results in the studies. Understanding bone architecture and the remodeling process will aid in the selection of a viable model for a specific research topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annisa Putri
- Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Residency Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Farina Pramanik
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Azhari Azhari
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Facts to Consider in Developing Materials That Emulate the Upper Jawbone: A Microarchitecture Study Showing Unique Characteristics at Four Different Sites. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010115. [PMID: 36975345 PMCID: PMC10046344 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The maxilla is generally acknowledged as being more trabecular than the mandible. Allograft currently available for use in the maxillofacial region is harvested from the hip and long bones, irrespective of their local characteristics, and grafted onto the jawbones. Other alternative are autograft or commercially available bone substitutes. Due to their inherent differences, an in-depth understanding of the bone microarchitecture is important to develop the most compatible graft for use at the maxilla. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the microstructures of bone harvested from different sites of the maxilla, to be used for standard setting. Forty-nine specimens from seven human cadavers were harvested from the zygomatic buttress, anterior maxillary sinus wall, anterior nasal spine and anterior palate. Each bone block, measuring of 10 mm × 5 mm, was harvested using rotary instruments. Bone analysis was performed following micro-computed tomography to obtain trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and bone volume fraction (BV/TV). There were site-related differences, with BV/TV that ranged between 37.38% and 85.83%. The Tb.N was the lowest at the palate (1.12 (mm−1)) and highest at the anterior maxillary sinus wall (1.41 (mm−1)) region. The palate, however, had the highest trabecular separation value (Tb.Sp) at 0.47 mm. The TB.Th was the lowest at the anterior nasal spine (0.34 mm) but both the zygoma and anterior maxillary sinus regions shared the highest Tb.Th (0.44 mm). Except for having the lowest Th.Sp (0.35 mm), the anterior maxillary sinus wall consistently showed higher values together with the zygomatic buttress in all other parameters. Concurring with current clinical practice of harvesting autograft from the zygomatic buttress and anterior maxillary sinus wall, their bony characteristic serve as the microarchitecture standard to adopt when developing new bone graft materials for use in the maxilla.
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Khazaal Al-Jaboori AS, Hassan NA. Cone Beam CT Assessment of Bone Width of Upper and Lower Jaws for Dental Implant Placement: An Iraqi Study. SCIENTIFICA 2023; 2023:4472154. [PMID: 37091876 PMCID: PMC10118883 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4472154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Implantology focuses on the measurement of bone thickness in both the lower and upper jaws. This study aimed to measure and compare alveolar bone thickness of the upper and lower jaws at single edentate sites and cortical bone thickness of their mesial and distal dentate sites. Methods Thickness of alveolar bone thickness was measured in 80 upper and 80 lower implant edentate sites and that of buccal and lingual cortical plates of their mesial and distal dentate sites using Cone beam CT. The bone thickness of the edentulous sites was recorded at 3 points (crestal bone, five mm from the crest, and ten mm from the crest), while the bone thickness of the dentate sites was determined at four points (crestal bone, midroot bone, mid of the alveolar bone housing, and apical portion). Results An increased amount of bone was measured from the crest to the apical portion of the dentate sites on the buccal and lingual sides of both jaws with a highly significant difference detected among all the tested points (P < 0.0001). No statistical difference was detected between the means of buccal bone width at the first 3 points, except at point 4 (the apical portion), where the mean of the lower jaw (3.35 ± 0.54) was significantly larger than that of the upper jaw (3.17 ± 0.55) (P = 0.04). Bone width measured in the edentulous sites showed a gradual increase from the crest to the apical portions in both jaws. Conclusion Bone thickness at the coronal levels is low and susceptible to resorption compared to the apical portions regardless of the dentate state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuhad A. Hassan
- Department of Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, AL-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Anbiaee N, Shafieian R, Shiezadeh F, Shakeri M, Naqipour F. Correlation between gray values in cone-beam computed tomography and histomorphometric analysis. Imaging Sci Dent 2022; 52:375-382. [PMID: 36605865 PMCID: PMC9807799 DOI: 10.5624/isd.20220051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between bone density measurements obtained using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and morphometric parameters of bone determined by histomorphometric analysis. Materials and Methods In this in vivo study, 30 samples from the maxillary bones of 7 sheep were acquired using a trephine. The bone samples were returned to their original sites, and the sheep heads were imaged using CBCT. On the CBCT images, gray values were calculated. In the histomorphometric analysis, the total bone volume, the trabecular bone volume (referred to simply as bone volume), and the trabecular thickness were assessed. Results Statistical testing showed significant correlations between CBCT gray values and total bone volume (r=0.537, P=0.002), bone volume (r=0.672, P<0.001), and trabecular thickness (r=0.692, P<0.001), as determined via the histomorphometric analysis. Conclusion The results indicate a significant and acceptable association between CBCT gray values and bone volume, suggesting that CBCT may be used in bone densitometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Anbiaee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Shafieian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farid Shiezadeh
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammadtaghi Shakeri
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Naqipour
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Differentiation of osteosarcoma from osteomyelitis using microarchitectural analysis on panoramic radiographs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12339. [PMID: 35853929 PMCID: PMC9296473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosing osteosarcoma (OS) is very challenging and OS is often misdiagnosed as osteomyelitis (OM) due to the nonspecificity of its symptoms upon initial presentation. This study investigated the possibility of detecting OS-induced trabecular bone changes on panoramic radiographs and differentiating OS from OM by analyzing fractal dimensions (FDs) and degrees of anisotropy (DAs). Panoramic radiographs of patients with histopathologically proven OS and OM of the jaw were obtained. A total of 23 patients with OS and 40 patients with OM were enrolled. To investigate whether there was a microarchitectural difference between OS lesions and normal trabecular areas in each patient, two regions of interest (ROIs) were located on the CT images. Three microarchitectural parameters (box-counting FD, fast Fourier transform-based FD, and DA) were calculated. For both OS and OM, significant differences were found for all three microarchitectural parameters. Compared to normal trabecular bone, trabecular bone affected by OS and OM became isotropic and more complex. When comparing OS and OM, a statistically significant difference was found only in DA. Trabecular bones affected by OS became more isotropic than those affected by OM. Microarchitectural analysis, especially DA, could be useful for detecting OS-induced trabecular alterations and differentiating OS from OM.
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Tayman MA, Kamburoğlu K, Ocak M, Özen D. Effect of different voxel sizes on the accuracy of CBCT measurements of trabecular bone microstructure: A comparative micro-CT study. Imaging Sci Dent 2022; 52:171-179. [PMID: 35799972 PMCID: PMC9226237 DOI: 10.5624/isd.20220025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmure Ayşe Tayman
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kıvanç Kamburoğlu
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mert Ocak
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences-Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Doğukan Özen
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Kusakcı-Seker B, Ozdemir H, Karadeniz-Saygili S. Evaluation of the protective effects of non-thermal atmospheric plasma on alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6949-6959. [PMID: 34585260 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The inhibition of bone destruction is one of the main goals of periodontitis treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) on alveolar bone loss radiographically, histomorphometrically, and histologically in experimental periodontitis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of twenty-eight rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CG) (n = 8), periodontitis group (PG) (n = 10), and NTAP group (NTAPG) (n = 10). In PG and NTAPG, experimental periodontitis was created with ligating. The kINPen 11 plasma jet was applied around the ligatured teeth in NTAPG. The samples from each group were radiographically assessed with microcomputed tomography (micro-CT); then, histological (presence of osteoclasts and inflammatory cells) and immunohistochemical (immunoreactive of OCN and ALP) findings were compared. RESULTS The results revealed a significant increase in alveolar bone loss in the PG compared with CG and NTAPG (p < 0.05). Inflammation, alveolar resorption, and cement damage were reduced significantly in the group treated with NTAP compared to the PG (p < 0.05). Significantly higher levels of osteoclasts were detected in the PG in comparison with both CG and NTAPG (p < 0.05). The lowest osteocalcin and ALP values were determined in PG, and the differences between PG and both groups were also significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the present study, we can say that NTAP may enhance the bone remodeling process by inhibiting inflammation and preventing alveolar bone destruction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE NTAP has clinical potential for accelerating and treating periodontitis with the inflammatory response modulation, osteoblast differentiation, and alveolar bone loss reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Kusakcı-Seker
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Ozdemir
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Suna Karadeniz-Saygili
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kütahya Health Science University, Kütahya, Turkey
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Ibrahim N, Parsa A, Hassan B, van der Stelt P, Rahmat RA, Ismail SM, Aartman IHA. Comparison of anterior and posterior trabecular bone microstructure of human mandible using cone-beam CT and micro CT. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:249. [PMID: 33964918 PMCID: PMC8106860 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to compare the trabecular bone microstructures of anterior and posterior edentulous regions of human mandible using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and micro computed tomography (µCT). Methods Twenty volumes of interests consisting of six anterior and fourteen posterior edentulous regions were obtained from human mandibular cadavers. A CBCT system with a resolution of 80 µm (3D Accuitomo 170, J. Morita, Kyoto, Japan) and a µCT system with a resolution of 35 µm (SkyScan 1173, Kontich, Belgium) were used to scan the mandibles. Three structural parameters namely, trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) were analysed using CTAn software (v 1.11, SkyScan, Kontich, Belgium). For each system, the measurements obtained from anterior and posterior regions were tested using independent sample t-test. Subsequently, all measurements between systems were tested using paired t-test. Results In CBCT, all parameters of the anterior and posterior mandible showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). However, µCT showed a significant different of Tb.Th (p = 0.023) between anterior and posterior region. Regardless of regions, the measurements obtained using both imaging systems were significantly different (p ≤ 0.021) for Tb.Th and Tb.N. Conclusions The current study demonstrated that only the variation of Tb.Th between anterior and posterior edentulous region of mandible can be detected using µCT. In addition, CBCT is less feasible than µCT in assessing trabecular bone microstructures at both regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norliza Ibrahim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Azin Parsa
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Bassam Hassan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Louwesweg 1, 1066 EA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul van der Stelt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Louwesweg 1, 1066 EA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rabiah A Rahmat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti M Ismail
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Irene H A Aartman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Louwesweg 1, 1066 EA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Min CK, Kim KA. Quantitative analysis of metal artefacts of dental implant in CBCT image by correlation analysis to micro-CT: A microstructural study. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2021; 50:20200365. [PMID: 33002369 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20200365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Quantification of dental implant metal artefacts in CBCT images using correlation analysis of trabecular microstructural parameters from CBCT and micro-CT, and analysis of the effect of varying the angular position of the subject. METHODS Polyurethane synthetic bone blocks were first scanned without implants by micro-CT and CBCT. Two dental implants were then placed parallel in the bone blocks and these specimens were scanned by CBCT with different alpha angles. Three volumes of interest (VOI) were set for further analysis. Six microstructural parameters were measured: trabecular thickness (TbTh), trabecular spacing (ThSp), bone volume per total volume (BV/TV), bone surface per total volume (BS/TV), connectivity density (CD) andfractal dimension (FD). Micro-CT measurements were used as a gold standard for CBCT. Spearman correlation coefficients for each microstructural parameter from CBCT and micro-CT were calculated and compared using Steiger's Z test. RESULTS Without the implants, in VOI1, the Spearman correlation coefficients of TbTh, TbSp, BV/TV, BS/TV, CD and FD were 0.599, 0.76, 0.552, 0.566, 0.664 and 0.607, respectively. With the implants, the correlation coefficients decreased sharply in VOI1. As the alpha angle increased from zero to 90°, the correlation coefficients increased and became significant. Similar results appeared in VOI2. In contrast, in VOI3, the correlation coefficient decreased as the alpha angle increased. CONCLUSIONS Metal artefacts were successfully quantified using microstructural parameters in terms of the image quality of the CBCT. Changes in alpha angle affected the quality of the CBCT image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ki Min
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Backjedaero 567, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-A Kim
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Backjedaero 567, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
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The effects of taxifolin on alveolar bone in experimental periodontitis in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104823. [PMID: 32593876 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of taxifolin, a powerful antioxidant, on the progression of periodontitis by immunohistochemical and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination. DESIGN This study was performed with 32 rats in four experimental groups: a non-ligated group (Control, n = 8), periodontitis group (Perio, n = 8), periodontitis with 1 mg/kg/day taxifolin group (Taxi-1, n = 8), and periodontitis with 10 mg/kg/day taxifolin group (Taxi-10, n = 8). A ligature-induced experimental periodontitis design was used. All rats were sacrificed at 30 days. Alveolar bone loss was determined by CBCT. Hematoxylin-eosin stained slides were examined. The expression levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), osteocalcin (OCN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I (Col 1), Bcl-2, Bax, and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) were determined immunohistochemically. RESULTS Both doses of taxifolin showed a decrease in alveolar bone loss. The inflammatory reaction was higher in the Perio group and lower in the taxifolin groups. BMP-2, OCN, ALP, and Col 1 expression were dose-dependently elevated in the taxifolin groups. RANKL immunoexpression decreased with both doses of taxifolin. Bcl-2 expression increased and Bax expression decreased in the taxifolin groups. CONCLUSION Taxifolin successfully reduced apoptosis and improved bone formation in alveolar bone in this experimental periodontitis model.
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Tsai MT, He RT, Huang HL, Tu MG, Hsu JT. Effect of Scanning Resolution on the Prediction of Trabecular Bone Microarchitectures Using Dental Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10060368. [PMID: 32503153 PMCID: PMC7344738 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10060368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing bone quality and quantity at the location of dental implants before dental implantation is crucial. In recent years, dental cone-beam computed tomography (dental CBCT) has often been used to assess bone quality and quantity prior to dental implant. However, the effect of scanning resolution on the prediction of trabecular bone microarchitectural parameters (TBMPs) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to examine how dental CBCT with various scanning resolution differs with regard to predicting TBMPs. This study used micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) with 18 μm resolution and dental CBCT with 100 μm and 150 μm resolutions on 28 fresh bovine vertebrae cancellous bone specimens. Subsequently, all images were input into the ImageJ software to measure four TBMPs: bone volume total volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). One-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test were subsequently used to assess the differences between three scanning modes for the four TBMPs. In addition, correlations between measurement results obtained from micro-CT and dental CBCT with two resolutions were measured. The experimental results indicated that significant differences in four TBMPs were observed between micro-CT and dental CBCT (p < 0.05). The correlation coefficients between BV/TV, Tb.N, and Tb.Sp obtained from micro-CT and from dental CBCT with 100 μm resolution (0.840, 0.739, and 0.820, respectively) were greater than the correlation coefficients between BV/TV, Tb.N, and Tb.Sp obtained from micro-CT and from dental CBCT with 150 μm resolution (0.758, 0.367, and 0.724, respectively). The experimental results revealed that the TBMPs measured with dental CBCT with two resolutions differed from ideal values, but a higher resolution could provide more accurate prediction results, particularly for BV/TV, Tb.N, and Tb.Sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tzu Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan;
| | - Rong-Ting He
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (R.-T.H.); (H.-L.H.); (M.-G.T.)
| | - Heng-Li Huang
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (R.-T.H.); (H.-L.H.); (M.-G.T.)
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Gene Tu
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (R.-T.H.); (H.-L.H.); (M.-G.T.)
- Department of Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ting Hsu
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (R.-T.H.); (H.-L.H.); (M.-G.T.)
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Porto OCL, Silva BSDF, Silva JA, Estrela CRDA, Alencar AHGD, Bueno MDR, Estrela C. CBCT assessment of bone thickness in maxillary and mandibular teeth: an anatomic study. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20190148. [PMID: 32049133 PMCID: PMC6999116 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The site of the sinus tract depends on the rate of resistance against abscess exudate drainage, bone morphology, and distance from the root apex to the outer cortical bone. To assess apical bone thickness in buccal and palatal/lingual aspects of maxillary and mandibular teeth, using a high-resolution cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) system. METHODOLOGY In total, 422 CBCT examinations were included in the study, resulting in a sample of 1400 teeth. The scans were acquired by PreXion 3D, with a high-resolution protocol. The bone thickness was taken as the distance between the center of the apical foramen and the buccal and lingual/palatal cortical bone. The quantitative variables were expressed as mean values±standard deviation. The independent samples were analyzed using the t-test or the Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05). RESULTS The lowest mean value of bone thickness was observed in the buccal cortical bone of the upper canines (1.49 mm±0.86) and in the upper central incisors (1.59 mm±0.67). In premolar teeth, the lowest values were found in the buccal cortical bone of upper first premolars (1.13 mm±0.68). In the posterior teeth, the lowest values were found in the buccal cortical bone of upper first molars (1.98 mm±1.33). In the lower second molar region, the buccal cortical bone (8.36 mm±1.84) was thicker than the lingual cortical bone (2.95 mm±1.16) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The lowest mean values of bone thickness are in the buccal cortical bone of the maxillary teeth. In the mandible, bone thickness is thinner in the buccal bone around the anterior and premolar teeth, and in the lingual aspect of mandibular molars. All these anatomic characteristics could make the occurrence of the sinus tract more susceptible in these specific regions of the maxillary and mandibular alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olavo César Lyra Porto
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ciências Estomatológicas, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
| | | | - Julio Almeida Silva
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ciências Estomatológicas, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
| | | | | | - Mike Dos Reis Bueno
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Radiologia, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Carlos Estrela
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Ciências Estomatológicas, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
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Imaging of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds using a cone beam computed tomography device on rat calvarial defects with histological verification. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:437-446. [PMID: 31104110 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Τhis study aims at determining the ability of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to visualize critical-size defects (CSD) created at rat calvaria and filled with 75/25 w/w nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAp/CS) scaffolds, prior to their histological investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty adult Sprague Dawley rats, 15 males and 15 females, were used. Two CSD, 5 mm in diameter, were bilaterally trephined in the parietal bone. The right CSD was filled with nHAp/CS scaffold, while the left CSD remained empty, as the control group. Two female rats died post-operatively. Rats were euthanized at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery. Twenty-eight specimens (15 × 2 × 10 mm) were resected-containing both CSDs-and then scanned using a NewTom VGi CBCT imaging unit (Verona, Italy). The manufacturer's software trace region profile tool (NNT v6.2, Verona, Italy) was used in selected axial slices. The greyscale value (in VGiHU) and the traced/selected region of interest (ROI, in mm2) of those areas were automatically calculated. Subsequently, all specimens were histologically examined. RESULTS An increased VGiHU (P = 0.000), was observed in the experimental group relative to the control group. The ROI of CSD (in mm2) was significantly reduced (P = 0.001) from the fourth to the eighth week in both groups. No statistically significant difference between male and female rats (P = 0.188) was observed with respect to VGiHU. CONCLUSIONS The nHAp/CS scaffolds are easily visualized using a particular high-resolution CBCT device. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Both the CBCT measurements and also the histological results suggest that the nHAp/CS scaffold presence contributes to new bone formation in rat calvarial CSD.
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