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Lombardi N, Varoni E, Villa G, Salis A, Lodi G. Pentoxifylline and tocopherol for prevention of osteoradionecrosis in patients who underwent oral surgery: A clinical audit. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2023; 43:136-143. [PMID: 35895902 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaw is a severe and debilitating complication of the head and neck radiotherapy which frequently occurrs after oral surgery. This clinical audit aims aevaluate the effectiveness of combined use of pentoxifylline and tocopherol (PENTO) in prevention ORN onset in patient who underwent oral surgery after head and neck radiotherapy (RT). MATERIAL METHOD In this clinical audit Pentoxifylline 400 mg, twice a day, and Tocopherol 800 IU once a day (PENTO protocol) have been prescribed. Patients started the protocol 1 week before the surgical procedure and continued for 8 weeks after. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients were included. They received 75 surgical interventions under PENTO protocol: 71 surgical procedures of dental extraction (single or multiple dental extractions in each session) and four implant placements. A total of 152 dental extractions were carried out: 64 surgical extractions which required the raising of mucoperiosteal flap, and 88 simple extractions. Four out of 29 patients developed ORN after surgical procedures: four cases of ORN occurred after dental extractions (5.6%) and one case of ORN after implant placement (25%). CONCLUSION PENTO is a useful ORN preventive protocol, low-cost and clinically feasible, safe and well tolerated by patients. Further studies should focus on better defining the effectiveness PENTO, independently from the antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Lombardi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Milan, Italy
- ASST Santi paolo e Carlo, Ospedale San Paolo, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Varoni
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Milan, Italy
- ASST Santi paolo e Carlo, Ospedale San Paolo, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Villa
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Salis
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lodi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Milan, Italy
- ASST Santi paolo e Carlo, Ospedale San Paolo, Milan, Italy
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Li Y, Wang X, Pang Y, Wang S, Luo M, Huang B. The Potential Therapeutic Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes in Osteoradionecrosis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:4758364. [PMID: 34899907 PMCID: PMC8660232 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4758364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most serious complications of radiotherapy, osteoradionecrosis (ORN) seriously affects the quality of life of patients and even leads to death. Vascular injury and immune disorders are the main causes of bone lesions. The traditional conservative treatment of ORN has a low cure rate and high recurrent. Exosomes are a type of extracellular bilayer lipid vesicles secreted by almost all cell types. It contains cytokines, proteins, mRNA, miRNA, and other bioactive cargos, which contribute to several distinct processes. The favorable biological functions of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSC exosomes) include angiogenesis, immunomodulation, bone regeneration, and ferroptosis regulation. Exploring the characteristic of ORN and MSC exosomes can promote bone regeneration therapies. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of ORN and MSC exosomes and highlighted the potential application of MSC exosomes in ORN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetian Li
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Pang
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuangcheng Wang
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Luo
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, and General Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Miyamoto I, Tanaka R, Kogi S, Yamaya G, Kawai T, Ohashi Y, Takahashi N, Izumisawa M, Yamada H. Clinical Diagnostic Imaging Study of Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaw: A Retrospective Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204704. [PMID: 34682827 PMCID: PMC8538245 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) plays a significant role in the management of head and neck malignancies. This study aimed to review the clinical symptoms and various imaging findings of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) and provide a clinical perspective on the development of ORN. The retrospective cohort was composed of 57 sites in 54 patients who had a history of RT and suspected ORN and 48 sites in 45 patients who were confirmed to have ORN. Image analyses included computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, bone scintigraphy, and single-photon emission CT (SPECT). The irradiated tissue was damaged by RT, and the extent of damage was correlated with clinical symptoms. The bone marrow showed sclerotic changes and the devitalized bone showed bone resorption after invasive stimulation. Chronic trismus and pathological fracture are considered severe conditions, typically occurring in the last stage of ORN. Furthermore, neurological symptoms were an important sign of tumor recurrence, since diagnostic imaging was difficult. The possible treatment options vary depending on the stage of ORN. We speculate that bone sclerosis reactions and bone resorption are sequential reactions that seem to be protective measures of the bone to radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuya Miyamoto
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan; (S.K.); (G.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.O.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-19-651-5111
| | - Ryoichi Tanaka
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan; (R.T.); (N.T.); (M.I.)
| | - Shintaro Kogi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan; (S.K.); (G.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.O.); (H.Y.)
| | - Genki Yamaya
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan; (S.K.); (G.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.O.); (H.Y.)
| | - Tadashi Kawai
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan; (S.K.); (G.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.O.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yu Ohashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan; (S.K.); (G.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.O.); (H.Y.)
| | - Noriaki Takahashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan; (R.T.); (N.T.); (M.I.)
| | - Mitsuru Izumisawa
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan; (R.T.); (N.T.); (M.I.)
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan; (S.K.); (G.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.O.); (H.Y.)
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Brands M, Verbeek A, Geurts S, Merkx T. Follow-up after oral cancer treatment-Transition to a personalized approach. J Oral Pathol Med 2021; 50:429-434. [PMID: 33270280 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines for follow-up after oral cancer treatment are not site-specific and encompass the entire head and neck area rather than the oral cavity alone. This one-size-fits-all protocol disregards the differences in aetiology, treatment and differential distribution of new disease between the subsites. With the effectiveness of follow-up in early detection of new disease being put into question, the focus of follow-up programmes might shift to other aspects of survivorship care. Personalization of follow-up is important, considering patient-specific features and needs. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic urges us to rethink our follow-up practice. FINDINGS This paper discusses ways in which routine follow-up in patients treated for oral cancer can be optimized. Patients with a high risk of new disease might benefit from an intensified follow-up regimen, whilst patients with a low risk of new disease, a low chance of cure or limited life expectancy could benefit from a de-intensified follow-up regimen. The latter could include a shorter follow-up period and focus on goals other than early detection of new disease. Education of patients to report new symptoms early is of vital importance as the majority of new disease presents symptomatically. Other health care professionals such as specialist nurses and dentists need to play an important leading role in survivorship care. Remote consultations may be useful to perform more efficient and patient-centred follow-up care. CONCLUSION Routine follow-up needs to be seen as an integrated part of an individualized survivorship plan that is provided by the entire multidisciplinary team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Brands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Monklands, Airdrie, UK.,Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - André Verbeek
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Geurts
- Department of Medical Oncology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs Merkx
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Kün-Darbois JD, Fauvel F. Medication-related osteonecrosis and osteoradionecrosis of the jaws: Update and current management. Morphologie 2020; 105:170-187. [PMID: 33281055 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Medication related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) and osteoradionecrosis of the jaws (ORNJ) are two different diseases of quite similar appearance. MRONJ is mainly due to antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drug therapy and ORNJ to radiotherapy. The present work aimed at presenting and comparing the current knowledge on MRONJ and ORNJ. They both present as an exposure of necrotic bone and differ in some clinical or radiological characteristics, clinical course and mostly in treatment. They share similar risk factors. A tooth extraction is more frequently found as a triggering factor in MRONJ. The frequency of a maxillary localisation seems higher for MRONJ. On computed tomographic images, a periosteal reaction seems characteristic of MRONJ. More frequent pathological fractures seem to occur in ORNJ. It is mandatory, for ORNJ diagnosis, to exclude a residual or recurrent tumour using histological examination. Both MRONJ and ORNJ are challenging to treat and cannot be managed similarly. For both, it would still be worth to optimise awareness within the medical community, patients' oral hygiene and dental cares to improve their prevention and make their incidences decrease. Conservative therapy is more frequently achieved for MRONJ than ORNJ and surgical resection is more often performed for ORNJ. For both diseases, the last treatment possible in refractory cases is a surgical extensive resection with free flap reconstruction. A MRONJ classification is widely used today, whereas no consensus exists to date for ORNJ classification. We propose a classification that could play this role.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-D Kün-Darbois
- Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, CHU d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933 Angers cedex, France; Groupe études remodelage osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM, SFR 4208, UNIV Angers, IRIS-IBS institut de biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933 Angers cedex, France.
| | - F Fauvel
- Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, CHU de Nantes, 1, place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes cedex 1, France; Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, CH de Saint-Nazaire, 11, boulevard Georges-Charpak, 44606 Saint-Nazaire cedex, France
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