1
|
Kunimi K, Goseki T, Fukaya K, Takahashi S, Ishikawa E. Analysis of Facial Features of Patients With Sagging Eye Syndrome and Intermittent Exotropia Compared to Controls. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 246:51-57. [PMID: 36270333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the facial features of patients with sagging eye syndrome (SES) and other ophthalmic diseases, and to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of facial features for SES. DESIGN Retrospective cross-section study. METHODS We evaluated frontal facial photographs of patients >60 years of age with SES and intermittent exotropia (IXT), and control patients who visited the ophthalmology outpatient clinics of 2 institutions between June 2020 and December 2021. Three ophthalmologists evaluated each eye for sunken upper eyelid, blepharoptosis, and baggy lower eyelid, using a scoring scale. The average scores for each parameter among the 3 groups were analyzed. Patients with glaucoma, visual acuity <16/20, SES with a vertical strabismus angle of ≥6 Δ, IXT that could not be maintained in the phoria position during photography, a history of previous oculoplastic or ophthalmic surgery, and use prostaglandin analogs for cosmetic purposes were excluded. RESULTS A total of 86 patients were included: 23 with SES, 28 with IXT, and 35 in the control group. All were Japanese. In all, 45 patients were male and 41 were female. The mean age was 72.7 ± 7.4 years. The sunken upper eyelid scores were significantly higher in the SES group than in the control and IXT groups (P < .001), whereas the baggy lower eyelid scores were significantly higher in the IXT group than in the control group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Age-related orbital connective tissue degeneration may manifest as SES in the upper eyelid and as IXT in the lower eyelid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Kunimi
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (K.K., T.G., K.F.), International University of Health and Welfare, Atami Hospital, Atami-City, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology (K.K., T.G.), Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology (K.K.), Tokyo Medical University, Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Japan; Kozawa Eye Hospital and Diabetes Center (K.K., T.G., S.T., E.I.), Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Goseki
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (K.K., T.G., K.F.), International University of Health and Welfare, Atami Hospital, Atami-City, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology (K.K., T.G.), Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; Kozawa Eye Hospital and Diabetes Center (K.K., T.G., S.T., E.I.), Mito, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Kyo Fukaya
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (K.K., T.G., K.F.), International University of Health and Welfare, Atami Hospital, Atami-City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Takahashi
- Kozawa Eye Hospital and Diabetes Center (K.K., T.G., S.T., E.I.), Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Kozawa Eye Hospital and Diabetes Center (K.K., T.G., S.T., E.I.), Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sakata R, Fujishiro T, Saito H, Nakamura N, Honjo M, Shirato S, Miyamoto E, Yamada Y, Aihara M. Prostaglandin-Associated Periorbitopathy Symptom Alleviation After Switching Prostaglandin F Receptor Agonist to EP2 Receptor Agonist in Patients with Glaucoma. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2023; 39:63-69. [PMID: 36318495 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2022.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy in patients with glaucoma is reportedly not caused by EP2 agonist, but it has been a cosmetic problem with prostaglandin F receptor (FP) agonists. In this study, patients with prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy on FP agonists were switched to EP2 agonist and changes were investigated. Methods: Patients complaining of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy were included. The FP agonist was switched to EP2 agonist (omidenepag isopropyl), and patients were followed up for 7 months. Frontal photographs were taken at every visit, and objective changes in deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus were assessed by three observers. Subjective questionnaires (self-awareness of deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus, eyelid/peri-eyelid skin pigmentation, eyelash elongation, and conjunctival hyperemia) were acquired at the start and the endpoint. Factors associated with the change of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy were investigated using logistic regression analysis. Results: Included were 23 eyes of 23 patients (17 women; 60.6 years). At 7 months, objective deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus improved by 76%. The subjective questionnaires showed that deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus improved in 95%, eyelid/peri-eyelid skin pigmentation in 76%. The less extent of myopia was a significant factor in the eyes with improved eyelid/peri-eyelid skin pigmentation. After switching, no change in intraocular pressure or visual acuity was observed (P ≥ 0.22). Conclusion: Switching to omidenepag isopropyl increased patient satisfaction and might be the first step to lightening deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus and eyelid/peri-eyelid skin pigmentation. It was suggested that pigmentation may be more easily improved in nonmyopic eyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rei Sakata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Yotsuya Shirato Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujishiro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Yotsuya Shirato Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Saito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Yotsuya Shirato Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko Nakamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Yotsuya Shirato Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Honjo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Yotsuya Shirato Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Makoto Aihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Yotsuya Shirato Eye Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Managing the Asian Eyelid. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
4
|
Liu L, Wang H, Wang Z. Conjoint Fascial Sheath Suspension for Correction of Severe Involutional Blepharoptosis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022; 75:2741-2751. [PMID: 35545494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Involutional ptosis is considered to be the result of the disinsertion of the levator aponeurosis from the tarsal plate. However, present histopathological studies indicate that the pathogenesis of involutional ptosis is multifactorial and complex. To create a more physiologic eyelid opening in patients with severe involutional blepharoptosis, the authors used conjoint fascial sheath (CFS) as suspension location. Sixty-seven involutional blepharoptosis patients (123 eyelids) with a degree of severe ptosis (marginal reflex distance 1, MRD-1 <1.0 mm) underwent the CFS suspension. The primary outcome was MRD-1 at 12 months after surgery. Secondary outcomes were cosmetic outcomes and postoperative complications. All the eyelids had fair MRD-1 (MRD-1≥2.0 mm) at 12 months. Complete correction of ptosis (MRD-1≥2.5 mm) at 12 months was obtained in 80 eyelids (65%). There were no overcorrections. The mean cosmetic outcome by patients was 3.56 ± 0.61 at 12 months. The most common complication was reoperation, which was done in 9 eyelids (7%) because of incomplete correction. CFS suspension was effective in the treatment of severe involutional blepharoptosis. The technique produced an elevating motion of the physiologic eyelid in a superior-posterior direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery, Jingxi Branch, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.5 Jingyuan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Beijing Lomeye Cosmetic Surgery Clinic. Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjun Wang
- Beijing Lomeye Cosmetic Surgery Clinic. Beijing Lomeye Cosmetic Surgery Clinic, Lingdi office, No. 13 yard, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Assessment of Corneal Surface in the Enophthalmic Eyes. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 37:S123-S124. [PMID: 34011912 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000001866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
6
|
Cho IC, Kim BJ, You HJ, Tark WH. Surgical Correction of Upper Eyelid Ectropion Presenting Dry Eye Symptoms. Aesthet Surg J 2021; 41:NP1-NP9. [PMID: 32478840 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjaa143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upper eyelid ectropion occurs as a post-blepharoplasty complication or involution change, and it causes dry eye symptoms that cannot be resolved with conservative management. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to describe the authors' surgical technique of anatomical correction of upper eyelid ectropion, including tarsal scoring incision. METHODS The technique involves the following 4 steps: (1) adhesiolysis at the preaponeurotic layer; (2) undermining and redraping of the pretarsal flap in a pretarsal plane; (3) optional, partial thickness tarsal scoring incision over the central two-thirds; and (4) downward repositioning of the pretarsal flap and lower fixation to the tarsus. Outcomes were assessed based on the position of eyelid margin and the improvement of the dry eye symptoms. RESULTS A retrospective review of 54 cases of patients who underwent ectropion correction, including tarsal scoring incision, was performed. The eyelid margin was well positioned in 51 patients (94.4%). Of the 32 patients involved in the study assessed with the 7-point Patient Global Impression of Improvement, 29 (90.6%) reported the resolution of dry eye symptoms. Furthermore, in the 22 patients assessed with the Ocular Surface Disease Index, the mean score significantly decreased from 43.2 ± 24.1 before surgery to 29.8 ± 23.3 (P = 0.006) after surgery. CONCLUSIONS The combination of partial-thickness tarsal plate scoring and lower flap redraping surgical techniques resolved the upper eyelid ectropion, reducing the dry eye symptoms. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Beom-Jun Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Jin You
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
The prevalence of anophthalmic socket syndrome and its relation to patient quality of life. Eye (Lond) 2020; 35:1909-1914. [PMID: 32929179 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-01178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following removal of the eye, soft tissue changes of the eyelids and orbit may develop into an anophthalmic socket (AS) syndrome, which is often attributed to orbital volume deficiency. While adequate primary orbital volume replacement is nowadays standard of care, patients may still present with facial asymmetry. The aim of this study is to provide insights into these changes and their impact on patient quality of life (QoL). METHODS Cross-sectional study of 59 patients with longstanding ocular prosthetic wear after enucleation or evisceration surgery. The alignment, function, and laxity of the eyelids of the anophthalmic side were compared to those of the fellow side. The QoL was assessed with a 4-item questionnaire specific for the prosthetic condition. The different aspects of AS syndrome were analysed in relation to disease-specific and prosthetic data and to the patient QoL scores. RESULTS Clinical AS syndrome was prevalent in 53% of patients with acquired anophthalmia. The anophthalmic side was statistically significantly different from the fellow side for the known AS syndrome features such as superior sulcus depression, margin reflex distance 1, and enophthalmia, but also for new features such as levator muscle function and lagophthalmia (P < 0.05). The difference was correlated with duration of prosthetic wear, prior orbital radiotherapy, and size of the prosthesis (P < 0.05). QoL scores were not correlated to the separate features of AS syndrome, except for a positive correlation between wearing comfort of the prosthesis and upper eyelid ptosis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Patients with an ocular prosthesis show a relatively high prevalence of one or more distinct clinical features of AS syndrome, which do not negatively affect patient QoL. These findings underscore the importance to tailor prosthetic and surgical treatment to the patient's perceived QoL rather than to the objective clinical findings.
Collapse
|
8
|
Strategies of upper blepharoplasty in aging patients with involutional ptosis. Arch Plast Surg 2020; 47:290-296. [PMID: 32718105 PMCID: PMC7398815 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2020.01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In many aging individuals, dermatochalasis and involutional ptosis appear together. Therefore, for functional and aesthetic purposes, ptosis correction and upper blepharoplasty are performed together. The aim of this article is to investigate factors that should be considered in order to achieve good results when simultaneously performing involutional ptosis correction and upper blepharoplasty in aging patients. Involutional ptosis is usually corrected through aponeurosis advancement in mild cases. In moderate or severe ptosis, the Muller muscle and aponeurosis are used together to correct ptosis. Using the two muscles together has the advantages of reducing lagophthalmos and increasing the predictability of outcomes after surgery. Broadly speaking, the surgical method used for involutional ptosis varies depending on the specific case, but unlike congenital ptosis, it is often not necessary to perform overcorrection. In particular, if there are problems such as severe dry-eye symptoms or risk of lagophthalmos, undercorrection should be considered. When performing ptosis correction, the surgeon should be careful not to overdo skin excision; instead, limited excision should be performed. After ptosis surgery, the brow may descend and the double fold may look too small. However, in order to make the double eyelids look larger, the surgeon should consider making the double eyelid design high rather than excising an excessive amount of skin. In some cases, to obtain more natural double eyelids and favorable results, it may be necessary to perform a sub-brow lift or forehead lift before or after involutional ptosis surgery.
Collapse
|
9
|
Avisar I, Nahum Y, Mimouni M, Kremer I, Malhotra R. Oculoplastic aspects of ocular surface disease and their management. Surv Ophthalmol 2019; 65:312-322. [PMID: 31837384 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The normal structure and function of the eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctival fornices, and lacrimal system are essential for the health of the ocular surface, and abnormalities of these structures accompany many cases of ocular surface disease. We describe the role of oculoplastic intervention in the context of ocular surface disease, focusing on blink disorders, lagophthalmos, entropion, lid scarring and keratinization, trichiasis, and punctal and lacrimal sac disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Avisar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Yoav Nahum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Mimouni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Israel Kremer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raman Malhotra
- Corneo-Plastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tan P, Kwong TQ, Malhotra R. Non-aesthetic indications for periocular hyaluronic acid filler treatment: a review. Br J Ophthalmol 2017; 102:725-735. [PMID: 29146758 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Dermal fillers have been in use for many years for aesthetic rejuvenation of the face. More recently, however, fillers have been increasingly used as an alternative to traditional surgical procedures for non-aesthetic indications. These indications include lagophthalmos, eyelid malpositions and orbital volume deficiency. The advantages of these filler injections are multiple: minimally invasive, repeatable, titratable and even reversible (depending on the product used). We review the current literature of functional uses of filler injections as mentioned above and evaluate the safety profile and efficacy of filler injections for this purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petrina Tan
- Ophthalmology, National University Health Systems, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Corneo-plastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, UK
| | | | - Raman Malhotra
- Corneo-plastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Cheng AMS, Chua L, Casas V, Tseng SCG. Morselized Amniotic Membrane Tissue for Refractory Corneal Epithelial Defects in Cicatricial Ocular Surface Diseases. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2016; 5:9. [PMID: 27226933 PMCID: PMC4874450 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.5.3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the clinical efficacy of morselized amniotic membrane and umbilical cord tissue (MAU) in treating refractory corneal epithelial defect in ocular cicatricial diseases. Methods Retrospective review of four patients with ocular cicatricial diseases treated with topical MAU for corneal epithelial defects refractory to conventional treatments including topical lubricants, autologous serum, bandage contact lens, and tarsorraphy. Their symptoms, corneal staining, conjunctival inflammation, and visual acuity were compared before and after treatment. Results After topical application of MAU twice daily, two patients demonstrated rapid corneal epithelialization with prompt visual acuity improvement at the first day. All patients showed corneal epithelialization in 7.3 ± 2.6 days accompanied by a significant relief of symptoms, reduction of ocular surface inflammation, and improvement of visual acuity. Conclusion This pilot study suggests topical MAU can be developed into a novel treatment for treating refractory corneal epithelial defects. Translational Relevance Topical MAU can be an effective novel treatment for refractory corneal epithelial defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorraine Chua
- Research and Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Scheffer C G Tseng
- Ocular Surface Center, Miami, FL, USA ; Research and Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Unilateral Prostaglandin-Associated Periorbitopathy: A Syndrome Involving Upper Eyelid Retraction Distinguishable From the Aging Sunken Eyelid. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 31:373-8. [PMID: 25393907 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the effects of prostaglandin analogue drops on the eyelids and adnexa in unilaterally treated subjects with the intention of qualifying, quantifying, and categorizing the characteristics of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy (PAP). METHODS Patients using prostaglandin analogue drops in only 1 eye for at least 1 year were evaluated by masked examiners. Orbital and eyelid measurements were obtained for each patient, and adnexal photographs were taken. PAP was divided into 3 grades based on the presence and severity of fat atrophy and the existence and depth of superior sulcus deformity. Statistical analysis was performed comparing data between treated and untreated eyes. RESULTS Thirty-three patients meeting eligibility criteria were enrolled, with equal numbers of subjects using latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost. Treated eyes had a statistically significant increase in lagophthalmos (0.62 mm, p < 0.001), superior sulcus deformity/PAP grade (0.72, p < 0.001), and eyelid redness (1.08, p < 0.001). Treated eyes had significantly greater marginal reflex distance 1 measurements (0.89 mm, p = 0.02), highest with bimatoprost and moderate PAP. Treated eyes had relatively greater enophthalmos than untreated eyes. Very few patients noticed or complained about eyelid changes. CONCLUSION Prostaglandin analogue drops cause adnexal changes and orbital fat atrophy leading to eyelid redness, superior sulcus deformity, higher eyelid crease, and enophthalmos. In contrast to previous studies showing ptosis in PAP, relative upper eyelid retraction was seen in most of our treated eyes. Our novel PAP grading scale may help objectify and categorize this syndrome. Awareness of these signs is critical, as the eyelids and eyes may be affected even in the absence of patient recognition.
Collapse
|
14
|
Moon HS, Ahn B, Lee JH, Rah DK, Park TH. Rejuvenation of the deep superior sulcus in the eyelid. J Cosmet Dermatol 2016; 15:458-468. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Suk Moon
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; College of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
| | | | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; College of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Rah
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Park
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Use of Hyaluronic Acid Gel in the Treatment of Lagophthalmos in Sunken Superior Sulcus Syndrome. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2014; 30:175-9. [DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
16
|
Kim JS, Ahn HB. Surgical Outcomes of Levator Resection in Ptosis Patients with Deep Superior Sulcus. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2014. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2014.55.12.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hee Bae Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|