1
|
Bhujbal S, Rupenthal ID, Steven P, Agarwal P. Inflammation in Dry Eye Disease-Pathogenesis, Preclinical Animal Models, and Treatments. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2024. [PMID: 39358844 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2024.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a rapidly growing ocular surface disease with a significant socioeconomic impact that affects the patients' visual function and, thus, their quality of life. It is distinguished by a loss of tear film homeostasis, leading to tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation, and neurosensory abnormalities, with all of these playing etiological roles in the propagation of the vicious DED circle. While current treatments primarily focus on reducing tear film instability and hyperosmolarity, increasingly more attention is being placed on tackling the underlying inflammation that propagates and potentiates these factors. As such, preclinical models are crucial to further elucidate the DED pathophysiology and develop novel therapeutic strategies. This review outlines the role of inflammation in DED, highlighting related signs and diagnostic tools before focusing on relevant preclinical animal models and potential therapeutic strategies to tackle DED-associated inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Bhujbal
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Aotearoa-New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ilva D Rupenthal
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Aotearoa-New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Philipp Steven
- Clinic I for Internal Medicine and Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Priyanka Agarwal
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Aotearoa-New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Messmer EM, Baudouin C, Benitez-Del-Castillo JM, Iester M, Anton A, Thygesen J, Topouzis F. Expert Consensus Recommendations for the Management of Ocular Surface Inflammation in Patients With Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2024; 33:715-727. [PMID: 39018018 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000002465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
PRCIS We have developed through a consensus process 24 clinical recommendations for the comprehensive management of ocular surface inflammation in glaucoma patients, including diagnostic criteria, prevention measures, and treatment strategies according to ocular surface disease severity. PURPOSE To obtain expert consensus on the diagnosis, prevention, and management of ocular surface inflammation (OSI) in patients with glaucoma. METHODS An international steering committee of glaucoma and/or ocular surface disease (OSD) experts and a wider faculty of members from the Educational Club of Ocular Surface and Glaucoma (ECOS-G) collaborated to develop clinical recommendations on best practice in the management of OSI in glaucoma patients using a nonanonymous interactive quasi-Delphi process. Clinical recommendations were formulated by the steering committee based on an analysis of the recent literature to determine unmet needs, together with a web-based interactive survey of faculty members' opinion in seven identified areas of OSI management in glaucoma. Topics included (1) diagnosis of OSD, (2) diagnosis of OSI, (3) causes of OSI, (4) impact of OSD/OSI, (5) prevention of OSI, (6) treatment of OSI, and (7) inflammation and the deep structures of the eye. Faculty members were invited to vote on the clinical recommendations, and the steering committee then determined whether consensus had been achieved. RESULTS Consensus was obtained on 24 clinical recommendations by 80%-100% of faculty members. There was consensus that OSI should be investigated in all glaucoma patients. The main prevention measure in glaucoma patients with pre-existing OSD was the elimination/minimisation of preserved medications, especially BAK-preserved eye drops. A subtractive treatment strategy rather than an additive strategy is recommended according to OSI/OSD severity to improve the ocular health and/or before glaucoma surgery. CONCLUSION These recommendations for the management of OSI in glaucoma should be useful to guide decision-making in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, IHU Foresight
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de La Vision, Paris
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, APHP, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | | | - Michele Iester
- Clinica Oculistica, Department Of Neurology, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alfonso Anton
- Hospital de l'Esperança, Parc de Salut Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de Retina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Thygesen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Services in Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fotis Topouzis
- First Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Riguetto CM, Barbosa EB, Atihe CC, Reis F, Alves M, Zantut-Wittmann DE. Interaction of MMP-9 in the active phase of Graves' disease with and without ophthalmopathy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E577-E584. [PMID: 39259164 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00166.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is expressed as orbital inflammation, and serum levels of several proinflammatory cytokines have been studied among patients with Graves' disease (GD) with and without TED; however, a more sensitive and specific marker for the different phases of GD and TED is still lacking. Seventeen active TED, 16 inactive TED, 16 GD without TED, and 16 healthy controls were recruited. Serum IL-17A, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 were measured by multiplex bead assay. TED hormone and eye parameters were evaluated, and their relationship with cytokine levels was analyzed. Serum MMP-9 was higher in active TED than healthy controls, whereas IL-17A was lower among these patients than in GD without TED and healthy controls. No differences were found in MMP-3 and MMP-2 concentrations. MMP-9 levels were lower in patients with inactive TED who underwent radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy and those on levothyroxine replacement. MMP-9 levels were elevated in patients on methimazole. A negative correlation was found between age at assessment and time of follow-up with MMP-9 levels in inactive TED. Free T3 and ophthalmometry values were positively correlated with MMP-9 in the GD without TED and inactive TED groups, respectively. In conclusion, serum MMP-9 was increased in patients with active TED and was related to the RAI treatment, longer follow-up time, and higher ophthalmometry in patients with inactive TED, as well as thyroid function in GD without TED. MMP-9 may be involved in both the active phase of TED and the active phase of inflammation related to GD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study addresses clinical aspects of specific ophthalmological examination and serum cytokine concentrations of patients with Graves' disease (GD) with and without ophthalmopathy. Our findings suggest that MMP-9 may be involved in the active phase of ophthalmopathy and in the active phase of GD. The central question is whether MMP-9 is a potential target for future treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Minatel Riguetto
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Buzolin Barbosa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Cristina Atihe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Reis
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Alves
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moon SY, Chung HS, Lee JH, Lee H, Tchah H, Kim JY. Effectiveness of cyclosporine nanoemulsion eye drops in patients with mild-to-moderate dry eyes: objective and subjective evaluation. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:401. [PMID: 39251947 PMCID: PMC11385844 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare and evaluate objective and subjective clinical parameters between 0.05% cyclosporine nanoemulsion (CsN) and 0.15% hyaluronic acid (HA) administration in patients with mild-to-moderate dry eyes. METHODS In this prospective, randomized, double-masked, single-center, and placebo-controlled parallel study, patients with mild-to-moderate dry eyes were randomly allocated to be treated with 0.05% CsN or 0.15% HA twice daily. Patients were followed-up at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Objective and subjective parameters were evaluated during each visit. RESULTS A total of 35 patients were enrolled in this study. Compared with baseline, tear film break-up time and fluorescein staining scores at 4, 8, and 12 weeks significantly improved in the CsN group. However, the Schirmer I test showed no statistically significant change until week 12. Using the Symptom Assessment in Dry Eye (SANDE) score, both groups gradually showed significant improvement compared with baseline values. However, the Dry Eye-Related Quality-of-life Score Questionnaire (DEQS) showed no statistically significant change during the treatment period. CONCLUSIONS Both 0.05% CsN and 0.15% HA administration twice a day effectively improved the objective signs and subjective symptoms of patients with mild-to-moderate dry eyes. However, patients treated with 0.05% CsN experienced greater and faster improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Young Moon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Ho Seok Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyuck Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Hun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Hungwon Tchah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Jae Yong Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kahook MY, Rapuano CJ, Messmer EM, Radcliffe NM, Galor A, Baudouin C. Preservatives and ocular surface disease: A review. Ocul Surf 2024; 34:213-224. [PMID: 39098762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2024.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Ocular surface disease (OSD) is a complex condition that can cause a range of symptoms (e.g, dryness, irritation, and pain) and can significantly impact the quality of life of affected individuals. Iatrogenic OSD, a common finding in patients with glaucoma who receive chronic therapy with topical ocular antihypertensive drugs containing preservatives such as benzalkonium chloride (BAK), has been linked to damage to the ocular surface barrier, corneal epithelial cells, nerves, conjunctival goblet cells, and trabecular meshwork. Chronic BAK exposure activates inflammatory pathways and worsens symptoms, compromising the success of subsequent filtration surgery in an exposure-dependent manner. In eyes being treated for glaucoma, symptomatic treatment of OSD may provide some relief, but addressing the root cause of the OSD often necessitates reducing or, ideally, eliminating BAK toxicity. Strategies to decrease BAK exposure in patients with glaucoma encompass the use of preservative-free formulations or drugs with alternative and less toxic preservatives such as SofZia®, Polyquad, potassium sorbate, or Purite®. Though the benefits of these alternative preservatives are largely unproven, they might be considered when financial constraints prevent the use of preservative-free versions. For patients receiving multiple topical preserved drugs, the best practice is to switch to nonpreserved equivalents wherever feasible, regardless of OSD severity. Furthermore, nonpharmacological approaches, including laser or incisional procedures, should be considered. This review explores the effects of BAK on the ocular surface and reviews strategies for minimizing or eliminating BAK exposure in patients with glaucoma in order to significantly improve their quality of life and prevent complications associated with chronic exposure to BAK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malik Y Kahook
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States.
| | | | - Elisabeth M Messmer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathan M Radcliffe
- New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; New York Eye Surgery Center, The Bronx, New York, United States
| | - Anat Galor
- Ophthalmology, VA Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, United States; Ophthalmology, University of Miami Health System Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Paris-Saclay, Versailles Saint Quentin University, Paris, Île-de-France, France; Centre Hospitalier National D'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, IHU ForeSight, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yan D, Huang C, Ouyang W, Hu J, Liu Z. Unleashing Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Dry Eye: Targeting ROS and the cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway with Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acids. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400198. [PMID: 39073031 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Dry eye affects majority of the global population, causing significant discomfort or even visual impairment, of which inflammation plays a crucial role in the deterioration process. This highlights the need for effective and safe anti-inflammatory treatments to achieve satisfactory therapeutic outcomes. This study focuses on the potential of tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNA), a self-assembled nucleic acid material, as a simple and rapid treatment for oxidative stress and inflammation-induced disorders associated with dry eye. Mechanistically, tFNA is found to effectively alleviate dry eye damage by promoting corneal epithelial healing, restoring goblet cell function, and facilitating tear secretion recovery. Through RNA-seq analysis, it is observed that tFNA treatment normalizes the expression levels of most genes. Further exploration of the mechanism reveals that tFNA reduces excessive production of reactive oxygen species and modulates the inflammatory microenvironment, especially through cGAS-STING pathway thereby levels of inflammatory cytokines, including MMP9 and IL-6, are reduced. Additionally, tFNA demonstrates excellent safety performance without causing damage to the eye. Importantly, this study represents a successful application of nanophase materials with nucleic acid biological features for the effective treatment of dry eye, highlighting the potential clinical use of tFNA in the treatment of dry eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yan
- Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Caihong Huang
- Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Weijie Ouyang
- Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Jiaoyue Hu
- Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wan X, Gu J, Zhou X, Le Q, Wang J, Xin C, Chen Z, He Y, Hong J. Establishment of human corneal epithelial organoids for ex vivo modelling dry eye disease. Cell Prolif 2024:e13704. [PMID: 38961590 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a growing public health concern affecting millions of people worldwide and causing ocular discomfort and visual disturbance. Developing its therapeutic drugs based on animal models suffer from interspecies differences and poor prediction of human trials. Here, we established long-term 3D human corneal epithelial organoids, which recapitulated the cell lineages and gene expression signature of the human corneal epithelium. Organoids can be regulated to differentiate ex vivo, but the addition of FGF10 inhibits this process. In the hyperosmolar-induced DED organoid model, the release of inflammatory factors increased, resulting in damage to the stemness of stem cells and a decrease in functional mucin 1 protein. Furthermore, we found that the organoids could mimic clinical drug treatment responses, suggesting that corneal epithelial organoids are promising candidates for establishing a drug testing platform ex vivo. In summary, we established a functional, long-term 3D human epithelial organoid that may serve as an ex vivo model for studying the functional regulation and disease modelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xujiao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihua Le
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai, China
| | - ChangChang Xin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao He
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jiaxu Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Pediatric Medical Center of China, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wan X, Lin T, Luo Y, Hong J, Cheng J, Zhao K. The Effect of Vidian Neurectomy on the Ocular Surface - The Primary Results from a Six-Month Pilot Study. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2024; 20:335-340. [PMID: 38863948 PMCID: PMC11166153 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s455608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effect of vidian neurectomy (VN) on the ocular surface and the possibility of dry eye in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Methods Twelve participants were recruited in this prospective study. Prior to and after 1 and 6 months of VN, an ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire was obtained, and the Schirmer's tear test (STT), break-up time (BUT), corneal fluorescence staining (CFS) score, and Keratograph 5M were used to evaluate the ocular surface condition. Results Two patients (16.67%) met the dry eye diagnosis criteria one month after surgery; however, their symptoms were relieved after to 3-4 months and none of them met the diagnostic criteria for dry eye after six months. Compared with the baseline values, the STT was significantly reduced (P=0.002), while the tear meniscus height (TMH) (P=0.262), break-up time (BUT) (P=0.916), first keratographic tear film break-up time (NK-BUTfirst) (P=0.791), and average keratographic break-up time (NK-BUTave) (P=0.970) did not change significantly 6 months after surgery. The degree of STT decreased from baseline to 6-month and was related to the basic STT (ρ= 0.837, P=0.001) and sex (ρ= -0.584, P= 0.026) but not to age, OSDI score, BUT, NK-BUTfirst, NK-BUTave or CFS (all P>0.05). Among these factors, STT at baseline was confirmed to be a predictor of a decline in tear secretion after surgery (B = 0.731, P<0.001). Conclusion In this 6-month prospective pilot study, decreased tearing was observed after VN, but this decrease did not increase the possibility of dry eyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunzhen Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxu Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keqing Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiao X, Qi Y, Gao N, Zhang C, Zhao S, Yang R. Exploration of efficacy and mechanism of 0.05% cyclosporine eye drops (II) monotherapy in allergic conjunctivitis-associated dry eye. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:937-944. [PMID: 37904000 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the efficacy and relevant mechanism of 0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA) eye drops (II) monotherapy in patients with allergic conjunctivitis-associated dry eye (ACDE). METHODS Prospective, randomized, controlled study. Fifty-three patients with mild-to-moderate ACDE were randomly assigned to two groups. The CsA group received 0.05% CsA eye drops (II) monotherapy four times daily. The control group received 0.1% olopatadine twice daily combined with 0.1% preservative-free artificial tears four times daily. Clinical symptoms and signs, tear total IgE, and lymphotoxin-α (LT-α) concentrations were assessed at pre- and post-treatment days 7, 30, and 60. And we further measured six tear cytokines levels using a microsphere-based immunoassay. RESULTS The CsA group showed significant improvement in symptoms (Ocular Surface Disease Index and itching scores) and signs (conjunctival hyperaemia, conjunctival oedema, conjunctival papillae, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining, and goblet cell density) at each follow-up period compared to pre-treatment (all P < 0.050). And its improvement in itching scores (P7th < 0.001, P30th = 0.039, and P60th = 0.031) and TBUT (P7th = 0.009, P30th = 0.003, and P60th = 0.005) was more significant than the control group at all follow-up periods. The tear total IgE, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, periostin, eotaxin-3, and MMP-9 levels significantly decreased in the CsA group at day 60 after treatment (all P < 0.050). And the changed values in tear total IgE were positively correlated with the change in itching scores. CONCLUSIONS 0.05% CsA eye drops (II) monotherapy can rapidly improve the symptoms and signs, especially in ocular itching and TBUT, in patients with ACDE. And its efficacy is superior to 0.1% olopatadine combined with artificial tears. Moreover, CsA downregulates the expression levels of tear inflammatory cytokines, including tear total IgE, IL-5, IL-6, periostin, eotaxin-3, and MMP-9. Among that, the reduction in tear total IgE levels may reflect the improvement of ocular itching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiting Jiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Ning Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Shaozhen Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Ruibo Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shi Y, Wang L, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Le W, Liu G, Tomaschek M, Jiang N, Yetisen AK. Contact lens sensor for ocular inflammation monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 249:116003. [PMID: 38227993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Contact lens sensors have been emerging as point-of-care devices in recent healthcare developments for ocular physiological condition monitoring and diagnosis. Fluorescence sensing technologies have been widely applied in contact lens sensors due to their accuracy, high sensitivity, and specificity. As ascorbic acid (AA) level in tears is closely related to ocular inflammation, a fluorescent contact lens sensor incorporating a BSA-Au nanocluster (NC) probe is developed for in situ tear AA detection. The NCs are firstly synthesized to obtain a fluorescent probe, which exhibits high reusability through the quench/recover (KMnO4/AA) process. The probe is then encapsulated with 15 wt% of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and 1.5 wt% of citric acid (CA) film, and implemented on a closed microfluidic contact lens sensing region. The laser-ablated microfluidic channel in contact lens sensors allows for tear fluid to flow through the sensing region, enabling an in-situ detection of AA. Meanwhile, a smartphone application accompanied by a customized 3D printed readout box is developed for image caption and algorism to quantitative analysis of AA levels. The contact lens sensor is tested within the readout box and the emission signal is collected through the smartphone camera at room temperature with an achieved LOD of 0.178 mmol L-1 (0.0-1.2 mmol L-1). The operational and storage lifetime is also evaluated to characterize the sensor properties and resulted in 20 h and 10 days, respectively. The reusable AA contact lens sensor is promising to lead to an alternative accessible diagnostic method for ocular inflammation in point-of-care settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Wenhao Le
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Michael Tomaschek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Choi H, Lee HE, Lee SV, Joo JS, Baek H, Kim S, Park M, Lee SW, Yang SW, Hwang HS, Kim JY, Kang YS. Sialylated IVIg promotes clinical improvements in a rabbit dry eye model by regulating inflammatory cytokines. Exp Eye Res 2024; 240:109782. [PMID: 38199260 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is caused by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, which results in visual disturbance, ocular surface inflammation and damage, and neurosensory abnormalities. Although it is prevalent in 5-50% of the global population, there are limited clinical options for its treatment. This study explored the potential use of human intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and its enriched fractions of sialylation, sialylated IVIg (sIVIg), as a treatment for DED. Fifteen female New Zealand white rabbits were topically instilled with 0.2% benzalkonium chloride (BAC) twice daily for five consecutive days to induce experimental dry eye. Saline, 0.4% IVIg, or 0.04% sIVIg eye drops were instilled twice daily for 20 consecutive days. Clinical evaluations, such as non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT) and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), were conducted. mRNA levels of mucin 4, mucin 16, TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP9, IL-10, TGF-β, and CD209 in rabbit conjunctival tissues were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The relationships between CD209 family members in rabbits and various mammalian species were analyzed using a phylogenetic tree. IVIg or sIVIg treatment resulted in clinical improvements in the rabbit DED model. The inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, were increased and mucin 4 and mucin 16, cell surface-associated mucins, were decreased in BAC-induced dry eye. Following IVIg or sIVIg treatment, inflammatory cytokines decreased, whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, increased substantially. Moreover, a 10-fold lower sIVIg treatment dose resulted in prolonged IL-10 production, representing a significantly improved DED compared to IVIg. Furthermore, the expression of rabbit CD209 mRNA in the rabbit conjunctiva and its close relationship with primate homologs suggest that it may interact with IVIg or sIVIg to promote IL-10 expression, as previously described in humans. At a lower dosage, sIVIg showed a more efficient improvement in DED, making it a promising new candidate medication for DED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongjwa Choi
- Konkuk-KIST Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Eun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Vin Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Joo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeon Baek
- Konkuk-KIST Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sang-Gye Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, 1342 Dongil-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01757, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Park
- Konkuk-KIST Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea; Veterinary Science Research Institute, KU Research Center for Zoonosis, KU Center for Animal Blood Medical Science Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sang-Gye Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, 1342 Dongil-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01757, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sung Hwang
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Young Kim
- Department of Veterinary Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Sun Kang
- Konkuk-KIST Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea; Veterinary Science Research Institute, KU Research Center for Zoonosis, KU Center for Animal Blood Medical Science Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ballesteros-Sánchez A, Sánchez-González JM, Tedesco GR, Rocha-De-Lossada C, Russo F, Spinelli A, Ingrande I, Borroni D. Efficacy and Safety of Quantum Molecular Resonance Electrotherapy in Patients with Aqueous-Deficient, Evaporative and Mixed-Type Dry Eye: A Randomized Interventional Study. Ophthalmol Ther 2024; 13:495-507. [PMID: 38113022 PMCID: PMC10787725 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Quantum Molecular Resonance (QMR) treatment in patients with severe dry eye disease (DED), as well as its effects on aqueous-deficient (ADDE), evaporative (EDE), and mixed (MDE) dry eye. METHODS In this prospective, interventional study, 81 patients were randomly allocated to received four treatment sessions of QMR at 1-week intervals (Rexon-Eye®, Resono Ophthalmic, Trieste, Italy) (QRM group) or tear substitute four times daily, containing 0.15% sodium hyaluronate and 3% trehalose (Thealoz Duo®, Thea Pharma, France) (SH-TH group). Outcome measures included ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, tear meniscus height (TMH), tear breakup time (TBUT), non-invasive breakup time (NIBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), lipid layer thickness (LLT), tear film osmolarity (OSM), and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) grade, which were assessed at baseline and 1-month and 3-month follow-up. RESULTS The QMR group achieved better improvements than the SH-TH group in OSDI and SANDE questionnaires, NIBUT, LLT, and CFS. The mean differences between the groups were as follows: OSDI (- 12.4 ± 0.25 points, P = 0.01), SANDE (10.6 ± 1.7 points, P = 0.01), NIBUT (2 ± 0.25 s, P = 0.01), LLT (18.7 ± 0.7 nm, P = 0.01), and CFS (1.2 ± 0.1 points, P = 0.02). In subgroups analysis, QMR treatment demonstrated a beneficial role to improve DED symptoms and signs in ADDE, EDE, and MDE. CONCLUSION QMR is an effective and well-tolerated treatment that seems to improve DED symptoms and signs in patients with severe DED. However, further studies are needed to confirm this. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT06119386.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ballesteros-Sánchez
- Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area, University of Seville, 41004, Seville, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Novovisión, 30008, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Rocha-De-Lossada
- Qvision, Ophthalmology Department, VITHAS Almeria Hospital, 04120, Almeria, Spain
- Ophthalmology Department, VITHAS Malaga, 29016, Malaga, Spain
- Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Hospital Civil Square, 29009, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Area, University of Seville, 41009, Seville, Spain
| | - Fedele Russo
- Studio Oculistica Tedesco, 88024, Girifaldo, Italy
| | | | | | - Davide Borroni
- Riga Stradins University, Riga, 1007, Latvia.
- Centro Oculistico Borroni, Gallarate, Italy.
- Eyemetagenomics Ltd., 71-75, Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London, WC2H 9JQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ng D, Altamirano-Vallejo JC, Navarro-Partida J, Sanchez-Aguilar OE, Inzunza A, Valdez-Garcia JE, Gonzalez-de-la-Rosa A, Bustamante-Arias A, Armendariz-Borunda J, Santos A. Enhancing Ocular Surface in Dry Eye Disease Patients: A Clinical Evaluation of a Topical Formulation Containing Sesquiterpene Lactone Helenalin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:175. [PMID: 38399390 PMCID: PMC10892869 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the tolerability, safety, and efficacy of an ophthalmic topical formulation containing helenalin from Arnica montana and hyaluronic acid 0.4% (HA) in patients with mild-to-moderate Dry Eye Disease (DED) exhibiting positive Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) test results. Tolerability and safety were evaluated in 24 healthy subjects. Participants were instructed to apply one drop of the formulation three times a day in the study eye, for 2 weeks, followed by a clinical follow-up of 21 days. Efficacy was studied in 48 DED patients randomized into Study (Group 1/receiving the studied formulation) or Control (Group 2/Receiving HA 0.4% eye lubricant) groups for 1 month. Assessments included an MMP-9 positivity test, conjunctival impression cytology (CIC), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), non-invasive film tear breakup time (NIBUT), non-invasive average breakup time (NIAvg-BUT), ocular surface staining, Schirmer's test, and meibomiography. A crossover design with an additional 1-month follow-up was applied to both groups. Healthy subjects receiving the studied formulation exhibited good tolerability and no adverse events. Regarding the efficacy study, Group 1 exhibited a statistically significant reduction in the MMP-9 positivity rate compared to Group 2 (p < 0.001). Both Group 1 and Group 2 exhibited substantial improvements in OSDI and NIBUT scores (p < 0.001). However, Group 1 demonstrated a significant improvement in NI-Avg-BUT and Schirmer's test scores (p < 0.001), whereas Group 2 did not (p > 0.05). Finally, after the crossover, the proportion of MMP-9-positive subjects in Group 1 increased from 25% to 91.6%, while Group 2 showed a significant decrease from 87.5% to 20.8%. Overall, the topical formulation containing sesquiterpene helenalin from Arnica montana and hyaluronic acid was well tolerated and exhibited a favorable safety profile. Our formulation reduces DED symptomatology and modulates the ocular surface inflammatory process; this is evidenced by the enhancement of CIC, the improvement of DED-related tear film status, and the reduction of the MMP-9 positivity rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Ng
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (D.N.); (J.C.A.-V.); (J.N.-P.); (O.E.S.-A.); (A.I.); (J.E.V.-G.); (A.G.-d.-l.-R.); (J.A.-B.)
- Grupo Oftalmologico Acosta, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Altamirano-Vallejo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (D.N.); (J.C.A.-V.); (J.N.-P.); (O.E.S.-A.); (A.I.); (J.E.V.-G.); (A.G.-d.-l.-R.); (J.A.-B.)
- Centro de Retina Medica y Quirurgica, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jose Navarro-Partida
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (D.N.); (J.C.A.-V.); (J.N.-P.); (O.E.S.-A.); (A.I.); (J.E.V.-G.); (A.G.-d.-l.-R.); (J.A.-B.)
- Centro de Retina Medica y Quirurgica, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Oscar Eduardo Sanchez-Aguilar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (D.N.); (J.C.A.-V.); (J.N.-P.); (O.E.S.-A.); (A.I.); (J.E.V.-G.); (A.G.-d.-l.-R.); (J.A.-B.)
| | - Andres Inzunza
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (D.N.); (J.C.A.-V.); (J.N.-P.); (O.E.S.-A.); (A.I.); (J.E.V.-G.); (A.G.-d.-l.-R.); (J.A.-B.)
| | - Jorge Eugenio Valdez-Garcia
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (D.N.); (J.C.A.-V.); (J.N.-P.); (O.E.S.-A.); (A.I.); (J.E.V.-G.); (A.G.-d.-l.-R.); (J.A.-B.)
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-de-la-Rosa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (D.N.); (J.C.A.-V.); (J.N.-P.); (O.E.S.-A.); (A.I.); (J.E.V.-G.); (A.G.-d.-l.-R.); (J.A.-B.)
- Centro de Retina Medica y Quirurgica, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Armendariz-Borunda
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (D.N.); (J.C.A.-V.); (J.N.-P.); (O.E.S.-A.); (A.I.); (J.E.V.-G.); (A.G.-d.-l.-R.); (J.A.-B.)
- Centro Universitario Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Arturo Santos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (D.N.); (J.C.A.-V.); (J.N.-P.); (O.E.S.-A.); (A.I.); (J.E.V.-G.); (A.G.-d.-l.-R.); (J.A.-B.)
- Centro de Retina Medica y Quirurgica, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Zapopan 45116, Jalisco, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pena-Verdeal H, Garcia-Queiruga J, Sabucedo-Villamarin B, Garcia-Resua C, Giraldez MJ, Yebra-Pimentel E. A Comprehensive Study on Tear Meniscus Height Inter-Eye Differences in Aqueous Deficient Dry Eye Diagnosis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:659. [PMID: 38337353 PMCID: PMC10856492 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic ocular surface condition that requires precise diagnostic tools. The present study aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of the absolute inter-eye difference (|OD-OS|) in tear meniscus height (TMH) for the detection of the presence of aqueous deficient dry eye (ADDE). (2) Methods: A sample of 260 participants with dry eye complaints underwent ocular surface examinations thorough diagnostic assessments based on the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society guidelines (TFOS DEWS II). Participants were subsequently categorized as No ADDE and ADDE based on TMH. Statistical analyses to determine the optimal TMH|OD-OS| cut-off value in a randomly selected study group (200 participants) were performed, while a separate validation analysis of the cut-off value obtained in a random cross-validation group (60 participants) was also performed. (3) Results: The significant diagnostic capability of TMH|OD-OS| (area under the curve = 0.719 ± 0.036, p < 0.001) was found. The identified cut-off value of 0.033 mm demonstrated reliable specificity (77.6%) and moderate sensitivity (59.1%). Cross-validation confirmed the cut-off value's association with the TFOS DEWS II diagnostic criterion (Cramer's V = 0.354, p = 0.006). (4) Conclusions: The present study provides evidence for the diagnostic potential of TMH|OD-OS| in identifying ADDE. The identified cut-off value enhances the specificity and offers moderate sensitivity, providing an objective tool for clinical decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Pena-Verdeal
- GI-2092—Optometría, Departamento de Física Aplicada (Área de Optometría), Facultade de Óptica e Optometría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida S/N, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (B.S.-V.); (C.G.-R.); (M.J.G.); (E.Y.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jacobo Garcia-Queiruga
- GI-2092—Optometría, Departamento de Física Aplicada (Área de Optometría), Facultade de Óptica e Optometría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida S/N, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (B.S.-V.); (C.G.-R.); (M.J.G.); (E.Y.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Belen Sabucedo-Villamarin
- GI-2092—Optometría, Departamento de Física Aplicada (Área de Optometría), Facultade de Óptica e Optometría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida S/N, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (B.S.-V.); (C.G.-R.); (M.J.G.); (E.Y.-P.)
| | - Carlos Garcia-Resua
- GI-2092—Optometría, Departamento de Física Aplicada (Área de Optometría), Facultade de Óptica e Optometría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida S/N, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (B.S.-V.); (C.G.-R.); (M.J.G.); (E.Y.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria J. Giraldez
- GI-2092—Optometría, Departamento de Física Aplicada (Área de Optometría), Facultade de Óptica e Optometría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida S/N, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (B.S.-V.); (C.G.-R.); (M.J.G.); (E.Y.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva Yebra-Pimentel
- GI-2092—Optometría, Departamento de Física Aplicada (Área de Optometría), Facultade de Óptica e Optometría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida S/N, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (B.S.-V.); (C.G.-R.); (M.J.G.); (E.Y.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen J, Chen Y, Qin G, Li L, Li M, Cheng Y, Zhuang S, Li Z, Zhang Q, Wu Y, Yang L, Moutari S, Moore JE, Xu L, He W, Yu S, Pazo EE, He X. A protocol for a single center, randomized, controlled trial comparing the clinical efficacy of 3% diquafosol and 0.1% hyaluronic acid in diabetic patients with dry eye disease. Trials 2023; 24:803. [PMID: 38087329 PMCID: PMC10714480 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to rise and 70% of diabetic individuals have dry eye disease (DED) that leads to subsequent abnormalities of the corneal epithelium, corneal nerves, tear film, or corneal endothelium. In addition, persons with diabetes produce fewer tear secretions than healthy individuals. While several anti-inflammatory drug-based therapies for dry eye in diabetic individuals are currently being administered, their efficacy has not been studied in detail. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 3% diquafosol (DQS) vs 0.1% hyaluronic acid (HA) eye drops in diabetic dry eye patients. METHODS This triple-blind randomized, control trial will include 202 diabetic-related DED and will be assigned to DQS (n = 101) and HA (n = 101) one drop, six times per day for 8 weeks. Tear film lipid layer, non-invasive breakup time, conjunctivocorneal staining score, corneal sensitivity, tear MMP-9 levels, meibomian gland expression and quality, tear meniscus height, corneal nerves, immune/inflammatory cell change, conjunctival hyperemia, and ocular surface disease index questionnaire score will be assessed and compared at baseline, week 4, and week 8. DISCUSSION This study will be a standardized, scientific, clinical trial designed to evaluate the therapeutic effects and safety of DQS and HA for diabetic dry eye treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.govNCT05682547. Registered on December 05, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mingze Li
- Dalian Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Dalian Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Zhihui Li
- Dalian Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Wu
- China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Salissou Moutari
- Mathematical Sciences Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Ling Xu
- He Eye Specialist Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei He
- He Eye Specialist Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Sile Yu
- He University, Shenyang, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
So HR, Baek J, Lee JY, Kim HS, Kim MS, Kim EC. Comparison of matrix metallopeptidase-9 expression following cyclosporine and diquafosol treatment in dry eye. Ann Med 2023; 55:2228192. [PMID: 37354028 PMCID: PMC10291919 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2228192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to evaluate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in dry eyes treated with 0.05% cyclosporin A and 3.0% diquafosol tetrasodium. METHODS One-hundred ninety-five eyes of 195 patients with dry eye were divided into three groups as follows: group 1, cyclosporin group (n = 69); group 2, diquafosol group (n = 59); and group 3, artificial tears eyes (n = 67). All eyes were treated and followed up for three months. Schirmer I Test, corneal staining, tear-film break-up time (TBUT), and tear-film MMP-9 content were measured at three months and compared between groups. The expression of MMP-9 was confirmed using a point-of-care test device (InflammaDry®; RPS Diagnostics, Sarasota, FL, USA) and graded as zero to four points. RESULTS At the third month, MMP-9 expression was lower in group 1 as compared with in groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.020 and 0.006, respectively). The mean MMP-9 grade according to point-of-care testing was also lower in group 1 than in groups 2 or 3 (p = 0.002 and 0.038, respectively). MMP-9 showed a correlation with corneal staining in both groups 1 and 2 (all p < 0.001) and with Schirmer I Test and TBUT in group 1 (p = 0.018 and 0.015, respectively). CONCLUSIONS MMP-9 expression and grade were lower after treatment with cyclosporin than after treatment with diquafosol in the dry eye disease. Anti-inflammatory treatment can decrease ocular MMP-9 levels in dry eye disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Rim So
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jiwon Baek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Seung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Soo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Chul Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bucheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu R, Cui H, Geng X, Shi L, Zhu L, Li Z, Li J. Antibiotic Delivery System for Treating Bacteria-Induced Anterior Blepharitis. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2005-2015. [PMID: 37788827 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The eyelid-related disease of blepharitis remains a tricky ocular disorder and affects patient compliance. However, there is no available and effective treatment, making it extremely challenging. Herein, an antibacterial system based on antibiotic delivery was developed and applied in a blepharitis model induced by bacteria. The antibacterial tests against Staphylococcus aureus both in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that the system shows a favorable bactericidal effect. Then, histological evaluation indicated that the system shows both antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. This facile design provided an effective ocular infection management, which displays a promising prospect while addressing other complex ocular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixing Liu
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450003 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haohao Cui
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450003 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingchen Geng
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450003 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liuqi Shi
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450003 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450003 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanrong Li
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450003 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingguo Li
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450003 Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Choi M, Park YM, Ko BY. Comparative Evaluation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Immunoassay and Tear Osmolarity Measurement for Diagnosing Severity of Dry Eye Disease. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 37:409-416. [PMID: 37621090 PMCID: PMC10587457 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2023.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) immunoassay and tear osmolarity measurement in diagnosing dry eye severity. METHODS Dry eye disease (DED) patients underwent diagnostic tests including MMP-9 assay, tear osmolarity measurement, fluorescein tear breakup time, ocular surface staining, anesthetized Schirmer test, Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, and slit-lamp examination. The dry eye parameters were compared according to positive MMP-9 status and increased tear osmolarity. The correlation between dry eye profiles and MMP-9 positivity and high tear osmolarity was also analyzed. RESULTS Those who tested positive in MMP-9 immunoassay had significantly higher corneal fluorescein staining score and worse DED severity than those who tested negative. The intensity of MMP-9 positivity showed positive correlation with the corneal staining score and DED severity. However, DED patients with high tear osmolarity above 308 mOsm/L did not show significantly different dry eye signs and symptoms compared to those with lower tear osmolarity values. Tear osmolarity was associated with ocular surface staining score in severe DED patients. CONCLUSIONS MMP-9 positivity was associated with ocular surface staining and worse dry eye severity. Therefore, it may be used as a useful indicator of disease severity in conjunction to other diagnostic tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moonjung Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang,
Korea
| | - Young Min Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang,
Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Byung Yi Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Alwees M, Tsai T, Foerster A, Theile J, Dick HB, Joachim SC, Taneri S. Changes of Subjective Symptoms and Tear Film Biomarkers Following Lenticule Extraction. J Refract Surg 2023; 39:597-604. [PMID: 37675908 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20230814-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the influence of lenticule extraction on subjective symptoms and objective biomarkers of dry eye and to clarify relationships between markers and find indicators for subjective symptoms after lenticule extraction. METHODS Right eyes of myopic patients undergoing lenticule extraction surgery (n = 35) were examined preoperatively and 5 and 90 days postoperatively using established clinical dry eye examination methods (tear film break-up time [BUT], Schirmer test, lissamine green and fluorescein staining, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire). A patient subset was also examined after 1 year (n = 14). Tear samples were eluted from Schirmer strips and then measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), interleukin-1β, IL-6, IL-8, matrix metallopeptidase 9 [MMP-9], nerve growth factor, and tumor necrosis factor-α). Postoperatively, unpreserved ofloxacin and dexamethasone eye drops were given (four times a day for 10 days). RESULTS BUT decreased at days 5 (P = .023) and 90 (P = .025). Lissamine green staining increased at day 90 (P = .036). OSDI values increased at day 5 (total values, vision-related function, ocular symptoms, all P < .001, but not environmental triggers) and at day 90 (vision-related function, P = .017). A downregulation of CGRP (P = .006) and MMP-9 levels (P = .042) was observed on day 5 compared to day 90. CONCLUSIONS Due to incongruity of patient symptoms, clinical signs, and tear protein changes, no predictive indicator was found, but some patients reported increased discomfort. Changes after lenticule extraction are not exclusively due to dry eye. [J Refract Surg. 2023;39(9):597-604.].
Collapse
|
20
|
Utsunomiya T, Ishibazawa A, Yoshioka T, Song YS, Yoshida K. Assessing effects of mechanical stimulation of fluid shear stress on inducing matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in cultured corneal epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2023; 234:109571. [PMID: 37468028 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Blinking is regarded as mechanical stimulation of fluid shear stress on the corneal epithelial cells. Therefore, we evaluated whether fluid shear stress affects matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in cultured human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). No other study has shown the influence of fluid shear stress on HCECs regarding mRNA expression and the protein levels of MMPs. Cultured HCECs were exposed to shear stress (0, 1.2, 12 dyne/cm2) for 12 and 24 h with the parallel-plate type of flow chamber. Gene expression of MMPs and TIMPs was measured by real-time polymerase reaction. Concentrations of MMP-1 and MMP-9 in cell lysates were determined using bead-based amplified luminescent proximity homogenous assay-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of MMP-9 and MMP-1 in HCECs exposed to low and high flow for 12 and 24 h, respectively, increased significantly compared with those under static conditions. The expression of MMP-9 in the cells exposed to high flow for 24 h increased significantly compared with those under static and low flow conditions. Levels of MMP-9 in cell lysates exposed to fluid flow for 24 h were elevated significantly with increasing shear stress. Fluid shear stress exerted on HCECs affected MMPs, which was associated with inflammation and pathogenesis. Mechanical stress induced by blinking might influence expression of MMPs on the ocular surface. Further studies are warranted to establish the molecular mechanism of shear stress-induced alternations of MMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsugiaki Utsunomiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Ishibazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yoshioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Young-Seok Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Koichi Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Hospital Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Compagnone A, Matheeussen A, De Vooght L, Cos P. Development and validation of a multiplex electrochemiluminescence immunoassay to evaluate dry eye disease in rat tear fluids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12203. [PMID: 37500810 PMCID: PMC10374623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39397-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a challenge in ophthalmology. Rat models represent valuable tools to study the pathophysiology and to develop novel treatments. A major challenge in DED research is detecting multiple biomarkers in a low tear volume sample. Multiplex immunoassays for DED rat research are missing. We have developed a multiplex electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) to detect three biomarkers for DED: MMP-9, IL-17 and ICAM-1. Tears, used as matrix, were collected from six healthy Wistar rats. Assays were run based on the U-Plex Meso Scale Diagnostics (MSD) platform, by two independent operators according to the EMA guideline on bioanalytical method validation. Linear mixed, regression models were fit to perform the statistical analysis on the range of concentrations for the chosen analytes. During optimization, it has observed that incubation time, temperature and agitation affected the robustness of the protocol. ECLIA optimum conditions include the use of antibodies at 0.5 µg/ml concentration and 1 h incubation at room temperature with shaking. Precision met the acceptance criteria in the chosen range: 1062-133 pg/ml for ICAM-1, 275-34.4 pg/ml for IL-17, 1750-219 pg/ml for MMP-9. Accuracy and linearity were acceptable for a broader range. This is the first report of a validated ECLIA that allows measurements of three relevant DED biomarkers in rat tear fluids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Compagnone
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken D.S.723, FFBD-FDFAR-LMPH, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - An Matheeussen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken D.S.723, FFBD-FDFAR-LMPH, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Linda De Vooght
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken D.S.723, FFBD-FDFAR-LMPH, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken D.S.723, FFBD-FDFAR-LMPH, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ghosh TN, Rotake D, Kumar S, Kaur I, Singh SG. Tear-based MMP-9 detection: A rapid antigen test for ocular inflammatory disorders using vanadium disulfide nanowires assisted chemi-resistive biosensor. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1263:341281. [PMID: 37225335 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive, non-invasive, and biomarker detection in tear fluids for inflammation in potentially blinding eye diseases could be of great significance as a rapid diagnostic tool for quick clinical decisions. In this work, we propose a tear-based MMP-9 antigen testing platform using hydrothermally synthesized vanadium disulfide nanowires. Also, various factors contributing to baseline drifts of the chemiresistive sensor including nanowire coverage on the interdigitated microelectrode of the sensor, sensor response duration, and effect of MMP-9 protein in different matrix solutions were identified. The drifts on the sensor baseline due to nanowire coverage on the sensor were corrected using substrate thermal treatment providing a more uniform distribution of nanowires on the electrode which brought the baseline drift to 18% (coefficient of variations, CV = 18%). This biosensor exhibited sub-femto level limits of detection (LODs) of 0.1344 fg/mL (0.4933 fmoL/l) and 0.2746 fg/mL (1.008 fmoL/l) in 10 mM phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and artificial tear solution, respectively. For a practical tear MMP-9 detection, the proposed biosensor response was validated with multiplex ELISA using tear samples from five healthy controls which showed excellent precision. This label-free and non-invasive platform can serve as an efficient diagnostic tool for the early detection and monitoring of various ocular inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoya Nemai Ghosh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, 502285, India
| | - Dinesh Rotake
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, 502285, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India
| | - Shiv Govind Singh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, 502285, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee K, Jeong JW, Shim JJ, Hong HS, Kim JY, Lee JL. Lactobacillus fermentum HY7302 Improves Dry Eye Symptoms in a Mouse Model of Benzalkonium Chloride-Induced Eye Dysfunction and Human Conjunctiva Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10378. [PMID: 37373526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) We investigated the effects of the Lactobacillus fermentum HY7302 (HY7302) in a mouse model of benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced dry eye, and the possibility of using HY7302 as a food supplement for preventing dry eye. (2) The ocular surface of Balb/c mice was exposed to 0.2% BAC for 14 days to induce dry eye (n = 8), and the control group was treated with the same amount of saline (n = 8). HY7302 (1 × 109 CFU/kg/day, 14 days, n = 8) was orally administered daily to the mice, and omega-3 (200 mg/kg/day) was used as a positive control. To understand the mechanisms by which HY7302 inhibits BAC-induced dry eye, we performed an in vitro study using a human conjunctival cell line (clone-1-5c-4). (3) The probiotic HY7302 improved the BAC-induced decreases in the corneal fluorescein score and tear break-up time. In addition, the lactic acid bacteria increased tear production and improved the detached epithelium. Moreover, HY7302 lowered the BAC-induced increases in reactive oxygen species production in a conjunctival cell line and regulated the expression of several apoptosis-related factors, including phosphorylated protein kinase B (AKT), B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2), and activated caspase 3. Also, HY7302 alleviated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-8, and also regulated the matrix metallopeptidase-9 production in the conjunctival cell line. (4) In this study, we showed that L. fermentum HY7302 helps prevent dry eye disease by regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory and apoptotic factors, and could be used as a new functional food composition to prevent dry eye disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kippeum Lee
- R & BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24 Beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Jeong
- R & BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24 Beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jung Shim
- R & BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24 Beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Hong
- Kyung Hee Institute of Regenerative Medicine (KIRM), Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yun Kim
- R & BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24 Beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Lyoul Lee
- R & BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24 Beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Oh JY, Chun YS, Kim KW. Dichotomous versus 5-scale grading system for the interpretation of the point-of-care immunoassay for tear matrix metalloproteinase-9 in dry eye. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6085. [PMID: 37055446 PMCID: PMC10102124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compared the dichotomous and 5-scale grading systems for point-of-care immunoassay of tear matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in dry eye disease (DED) patients and identified the optimal dichotomous system to correlate with DED parameters. We included 167 DED patients without primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) (Non-SS DED) and 70 DED patients with pSS (SS DED). We graded MMP-9 expression in InflammaDry® (Quidel, San Diego, CA, USA) using a 5-scale grading system and dichotomous grading systems with four different cut-off grades (D1 to D4 systems). The only DED parameter that showed a significant correlation with the 5-scale grading method was tear osmolarity (Tosm). In both groups, subjects with positive MMP-9 had lower tear secretion and higher Tosm than those with negative MMP-9 according to the D2 dichotomous system. Tosm determined D2 positivity at cutoffs > 340.5 and > 317.5 mOsm/L in the Non-SS DED and SS DED groups, respectively. Tear secretion < 10.5 mm or tear break-up time < 5.5 s stratified D2 positivity in the Non-SS DED group. In conclusion, the dichotomous grading system of InflammaDry reflects ocular surface indices better than the 5-scale grading system and may be more practical in real clinical circumstances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ja Young Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoun Sook Chun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06973, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06973, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yagi H, Shimizu E, Yagi R, Uchino M, Kamoi M, Asai K, Tsubota K, Negishi K, Ogawa Y. Pediatric chronic graft-versus-host disease-related dry eye disease and the diagnostic association of potential clinical findings. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3575. [PMID: 36864106 PMCID: PMC9981701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD)-related dry eye disease (DED) is often overlooked due to a lack of subjective symptoms and reliable testing, leading to irreversible corneal damage. To study the clinical findings contributing to the accurate detection of pediatric GVHD-related DED, a retrospective study of pediatric patients treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) at Keio University Hospital between 2004 and 2017 was conducted. Association and diagnostic values of ophthalmological findings for DED were analyzed. Twenty-six patients who had no ocular complications before HSCT were included in the study. Eleven (42.3%) patients developed new-onset DED. The cotton thread test showed excellent diagnostic accuracy in detecting DED (area under the receiver operating curve, 0.96; sensitivity, 0.95; specificity, 0.85) with a cut-off of 17 mm, which was higher than the conventional threshold of 10 mm. Additionally, the presence of filamentary keratitis (FK) and pseudomembranous conjunctivitis (PC) were significantly associated with the diagnosis of DED (p value, 0.003 and 0.001 for FK and PC, respectively) and displayed good diagnostic performance (sensitivity, 0.46 and 0.54; specificity, 0.97 and 0.97 for FK and PC, respectively). In conclusion, the cotton thread test with a new threshold, the presence of PC and FK, could be helpful for promptly detecting pediatric GVHD-related DED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Yagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eisuke Shimizu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Yagi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miki Uchino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mizuka Kamoi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuki Asai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Tsubota Laboratory, Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuno Negishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoko Ogawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rokohl AC, Wall K, Trester M, Wawer Matos PA, Guo Y, Adler W, Pine KR, Heindl LM. Novel point-of-care biomarkers of the dry anophthalmic socket syndrome: tear film osmolarity and matrix metalloproteinase 9 immunoassay. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:821-831. [PMID: 36357674 PMCID: PMC9988811 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare tear film osmolarity (TFO) values and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) levels between anophthalmic sockets and healthy fellow eyes and to assess the use of the MMP-9 and TFO as objective biomarkers for the dry anophthalmic socket syndrome (DASS). METHODS In this prospective single-center study, the anophthalmic sockets and healthy fellow eyes of 98 unilateral anophthalmic patients were assessed using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, InflammaDry® MMP-9 point-of-care immunoassay, TFO with TearLab™ Osmolarity System, and clinical conjunctival inflammation. MMP-9 concentration and conjunctival inflammation were graded semi-quantitatively. Differences between anophthalmic sockets and the healthy fellow eyes for OSDI scores, MMP-9, TFO values, clinical conjunctival inflammation, and eyelid abnormalities as well as the correlation between these factors and demographic data were evaluated. RESULTS Patients had significantly higher OSDI, MMP-9, and TFO values, as well as higher conjunctival inflammation on the anophthalmic side, compared to the healthy side (p ≤ 0.002, respectively). For anophthalmic sockets, there was a significant positive correlation between OSDI scores and TFO values (p = 0.007), between the grade of posterior blepharitis and TFO values (p = 0.026), and between the conjunctival inflammation and MMP-9 values (p < 0.001), as well as between MMP-9 levels and time since eye loss (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Measuring MMP-9 and TFO may be helpful tools as efficient, quantifiable biomarkers, disease course parameters, or predictors for treatment response in the clinical management of patients with DASS or future therapy studies. Ophthalmologists should consider the updated diagnosis criteria including TFO and the definition for DASS proposed in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Rokohl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Düsseldorf, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Katharina Wall
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Trester
- Trester-Institute for Ocular Prosthetics and Artificial Eyes, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philomena A Wawer Matos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Düsseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yongwei Guo
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Werner Adler
- Department of Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Keith R Pine
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ludwig M Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Düsseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sheppard JD, Nichols KK. Dry Eye Disease Associated with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Focus on Tear Film Characteristics and the Therapeutic Landscape. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:1397-1418. [PMID: 36856980 PMCID: PMC10164226 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is highly prevalent and is the leading cause of evaporative dry eye disease (DED). MGD is characterized by a reduction in meibum secretion and/or a change in meibum composition that results in the disruption of the tear film lipid layer and an increase in the tear film evaporation rate. Excessive evaporation causes tear film instability, desiccation, tear hyperosmolarity, inflammation, and apoptosis of ocular surface cells, resulting in a continuous cycle of DED. The primary treatment goal for DED associated with MGD is to restore the tear film lipid layer and decrease evaporation, thereby reducing ocular signs and symptoms. The management of MGD includes home care options (eyelid hygiene, warming eye masks, ocular lubricants) and office-based treatments (manual expression, microblepharoexfoliation, thermal pulsation, intense pulsed light, intraductal probing). Topical ophthalmic prescription medications attempt to alter various factors that may contribute to DED (e.g., inflammation, bacterial growth, inadequate tear production). In this review, clinical evidence regarding available treatments and emerging therapies from randomized studies in patients with DED associated with MGD is summarized. Although some treatment modalities have been evaluated specifically for DED patients with MGD, large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm efficacy and safety in this patient population. Currently, there are no approved prescription pharmacologic treatments specifically indicated for DED associated with MGD, and those medications approved for the treatment of DED do not target the key driver of the disease (i.e., excessive evaporation). NOV03 (perfluorohexyloctane; under review with the US Food and Drug Administration) is the most advanced emerging therapy for DED associated with MGD and has demonstrated statistically significant improvements in both signs and symptoms in randomized controlled trials. Development of novel pharmacotherapies will improve therapeutic options and allow for a more individualized approach for patients with DED associated with MGD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D Sheppard
- Virginia Eye Consultants and Eastern Virginia Medical School, Suite #210, 241 Corporate Blvd, Norfolk, VA, 23502, USA. .,Eyecare Partners, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Kelly K Nichols
- School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Venugopal R, Sharma N, Sen S, Mohanty S, Kashyap S, Agarwal T, Kaur J, Vajpayee RB. Prognostic significance of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in COMET operated chronic ocular Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:187-194. [PMID: 34362775 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular pathogenesis underlying persistent ocular surface inflammation in chronic Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) still remains largely unexplored. The present study investigates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP3, MMP9, MMP11 and TIMP1 (tissue inhibittor of matrix metalloproteinase 1) in pannus tissues of chronic ocular SJS undergoing cultivated oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (COMET) and their prognostic relevance. METHODS In this prospective study, 45 eyes with chronic SJS underwent COMET for visual and anatomical rehabilitation. Preoperative and postoperative clinical parameters were documented. MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, MMP11 and TIMP1 expression were assessed using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real time PCR. Inflammadry MMP9 assay was performed at 1-year follow-up. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models were used to correlate protein expression with clinicopathological parameters and COMET graft survival outcomes. RESULTS MMP9 and MMP11 positivity was seen in both pannus epithelia (48% and 55%, respectively) and in stromal layer (57% and 33%, respectively) while MMP2 and MMP3 showed only pannus epithelial positivity in 35% and 51% cases, respectively. High MMP9 stromal expression was significantly associated with preoperative corneal keratinisation (p=0.011), conjunctival hyperaemia (p=0.014), symblepharon (p=0.028). High MMP9 and MMP3 epithelial expression were found to be independent risk factors for poor best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) outcomes post-COMET (p=0.022 and p=0.048). Multivariate analysis revealed MMP9 to be the best prognostic marker (p=0.050). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that differential expression of MMPs and TIMP1 is seen in SJS in chronic stage. Emergence of MMP9 as a poor prognostic predictor of BCVA post COMET and postoperative MMP9 immunoassay positivity could be a useful tool in further studies to understand the unresolved ocular surface inflammation seen in SJS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renu Venugopal
- Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Namrata Sharma
- Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Sen
- Ocular Pathology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kashyap
- Ocular Pathology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tushar Agarwal
- Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jasbir Kaur
- Ocular Biochemistry, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Development of In Vitro Dry Eye Models to Study Proliferative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Allogeneic Serum Eye Drops. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021567. [PMID: 36675083 PMCID: PMC9864688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop valid in vitro models for preclinical evaluation of proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of human allogeneic serum eye drops for dry eye disease (DED) treatment. A DED wound healing model was developed by analyzing the influence of coating and serum concentrations on human corneal epithelial (HCE-T) wound closure. Further, intralaboratory variance, freeze-thaw cycle effects, donor variability and stability assays were conducted. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were used to induce the gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and IL-1β. MMP9 induction was optimized using a design-of-experiments (DoE) approach and applied to examine serum under static and dynamic conditions. MMP9 protein expression was analyzed by ELISA. The DED wound healing model detected proliferative effects of serum down to 1% with a small intralaboratory variance. Serum stability was shown over six months, donor variance could be detected, and freeze-thaw cycle effects did not affect wound closure. Serum decreased MMP9 expression on the gene and protein levels. The induction method was successfully optimized using DoE modeling and transferred to a dynamic setting mimicking tear film fluidics. The DED wound healing and inflammatory DED model present useful in vitro models for the preclinical evaluation of allogeneic serum eye drops without the use of animal experiments.
Collapse
|
30
|
Shah AM, Galor A, Mones K, Jean P, Komanduri KV, Wang TP. Conjunctival inflammation and dry eye symptoms at day 100 post-transplantation do not predict risk for chronic graft-versus-host disease. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2023; 13:43-48. [PMID: 37252161 PMCID: PMC10220436 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo-d-22-00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT). The objective of our study was to determine if early assessment of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and dry eye (DE) symptoms (via the DE Questionnaire-5 [DEQ-5]) had prognostic utility for the development of cGVHD and/or severe DE symptoms after HCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study of 25 individuals who underwent HCT and had MMP-9 (InflammaDry) and DEQ-5 performed on day 100 post-HCT (D + 100). Patients also completed the DEQ-5 at 6, 9, and 12 months post-HCT. The development of cGVHD was determined by chart review. RESULTS Overall, 28% of patients developed cGVHD over a median follow-up of 229 days. At D + 100, 32% of patients had a positive MMP-9 in at least one eye and 20% had a DEQ-5 ≥6. However, neither the presence of a positive MMP-9 nor a DEQ-5 score ≥6 at D + 100 predicted the development of cGVHD (MMP-9: hazard ratio [HR]: 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34-6.85, P = 0.58; DEQ-5 ≥6: HR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.12-8.32, P = 1.00). In addition, neither of these measures predicted the development of severe DE symptoms (DEQ-5 ≥12) over time (MMP-9: HR: 1.77, 95% CI: 0.24-12.89, P = 0.58; DEQ-5 >6: HR: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.00-889.93, P = 0.49). CONCLUSION Within our small cohort, DEQ-5 and MMP-9 assessment at D + 100 did not predict the development of cGVHD or severe DE symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit M Shah
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Miami Veterans Afairs Medical Center, University of Miami Hospital and Clinics, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Karla Mones
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Adult Stem Cell Transplant Program, University of Miami Hospital and Clinics, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Pepita Jean
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Adult Stem Cell Transplant Program, University of Miami Hospital and Clinics, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Krishna V Komanduri
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Trent P Wang
- Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Adult Stem Cell Transplant Program, University of Miami Hospital and Clinics, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kaercher T, Messmer EM, Berninger T, Huber-van der Velden KK, Geiger R, Cipriano-Bonvin P, Jacobi C. Topical Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for the Treatment of Dry Eye - Results from a Pilot Randomized Controlled Masked-Observer Study. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:4021-4031. [PMID: 36523849 PMCID: PMC9744874 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s388294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of topical omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as an innovative treatment of dry eye disease (DED). Patients and Methods In a pilot, multicenter, masked-observer, randomized, active-controlled, non-inferiority study in Germany, patients self-treated their eyes with daily instillations of eye drops containing either omega-3 PUFA or povidone as major components for three months. At four and twelve weeks, efficacy was among others evaluated based on Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), ocular surface symptoms intensity, general clinical impression, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining using the Oxford grading scale, tear volume, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) concentration in the tear film. Safety evaluation included visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and the incidence of adverse events. Co-primary endpoints were the mean percent changes from baseline of TBUT and OSDI after four weeks. Results In total 80 patients were included, of whom 37 in the PUFA group and 39 in the povidone group were evaluable for the co-primary endpoints. Patients had a mean age of 52 years and >80% were women. Both co-primary endpoints (TBUT and OSDI) significantly improved from baseline in both treatment groups, at Week 4 and Week 12 and the statistical analysis demonstrated topical omega-3 PUFA to be non-inferior to 2% povidone for these two parameters. Both treatments resulted in a significant improvement of most secondary efficacy endpoints as well, often with a slight difference in favor of PUFA, not reaching statistical significance though. One non-severe, treatment-related local AE was reported in each group. Conclusion Omega-3 PUFA-based eye drops proved to be non-inferior to povidone-containing eye drops in the treatment of signs and symptoms of dry eye. This treatment may thus be an additional tool for the management of DED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabeth M Messmer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
- Praxis Professor Kampik & Kollegen, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Christina Jacobi
- Augen & Haut Zentrum-Praxis Dr. Jacobi, Nuremberg, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang S, Echegoyen J. Point of care diagnosis of dry eye disease with a sensitive immunoassay for dual biomarker detection. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101396. [PMID: 36438598 PMCID: PMC9694066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial eye disease with few effective methods for clinical diagnosis and treatment. It is the most common eye disease with significant health challenges of the unprecedented aging population. Recent proteomic studies and clinical research have led to the discovery of several biologically relevant biomarkers, with increased levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and decreased levels of lactoferrin being clinically validated in the progression of DED. In this study, a sensitive point of care (POC) DED diagnostic method was developed for targeting dual biomarkers of IL-6 and lactoferrin in the tear samples. A paper-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) was established in a double-antibody sandwich fashion with colloid gold nanoparticles acting as probes. The minimal detection concentrations were 0.1 ng/ml and 10 ng/ml for IL-6 and lactoferrin, respectively. Separated conventional ELISA tests were also performed with data confirming results from the LFIA tests. A trial study was conducted with 20 tear samples from DED patients and healthy controls. All DED tear samples exhibited significantly higher levels of IL-6 and decreased levels of lactoferrin, as compared to the normal controls. A quantitative analysis of LFIA images was carried out using ImageJ software for an accurate data interpretation. This dual biomarker detection method is sensitive and affordable with quick turnaround time. Design of a larger clinical study in the future can further validate this POC assay for early diagnosis as well as patients' self-management of chronic states of DED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Zhang
- Westview Eye Institute, San Diego, CA, 92129, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Barrientos RT, Godín F, Rocha-De-Lossada C, Soifer M, Sánchez-González JM, Moreno-Toral E, González AL, Zein M, Larco P, Mercado C, Piedrahita MA. Ophthalmological Approach for the Diagnosis of Dry Eye Disease in Patients with Sjögren's Syndrome. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1899. [PMID: 36431034 PMCID: PMC9692499 DOI: 10.3390/life12111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye has two basic subdivisions: aqueous deficient dry eye (ADDE), with SS a major cause; and evaporative dry eye (EDE), due to either intrinsic or extrinsic factors. SS is a chronic inflammatory disorder defined by dysfunction of the exocrine glands leading to dry eye and dry mouth. The objective of this article was to carry out a systematic and critical review of several scientific publications on dry eye disease, with the aim of providing general recommendations to distinguish dry eye and its different variants in patients with SS, during the period 1979 to 2020, using search engines for articles indexed in Scopus, Latindex, Scielo, Clinical Trials, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane, allowing the analysis of 132 articles published in indexed journals on the subject of dry eye disease and SS, evidencing its conceptualization, prevalence, risk factors, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Godín
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research and Ocular Health Group, Unbosque, University of El Bosque, Bogota 110111, Colombia
| | - Carlos Rocha-De-Lossada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qvision, VITHAS Almería Hospital, 04120 Almeria, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Universitary Hospital of Málaga, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Area, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Department of Opthalmology, Vithas Malaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain
| | - Matias Soifer
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Eye Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Esteban Moreno-Toral
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana-Luisa González
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Department Clínica La Luz, Lima 15046, Peru
| | - Mike Zein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Pablo Larco
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Carolina Mercado
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Serrano A, Osei KA, Huertas-Bello M, Sabater AL. The Potential of Stem Cells as Treatment for Ocular Surface Diseases. CURRENT OPHTHALMOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40135-022-00303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
35
|
Matossian C, Crowley M, Periman L, Sorkin S. Personalized Management of Dry Eye Disease: Beyond Artificial Tears. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:3911-3918. [DOI: 10.2147/opth.s384819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
36
|
Buzzonetti L, Petroni S, Federici M. Effectiveness of hyaluronic acid and arnica extract ophthalmic solution in reducing dry eye symptoms in pediatric population. Eur J Ophthalmol 2022; 33:11206721221128670. [PMID: 36189925 PMCID: PMC9999266 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221128670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM to assess the effectiveness of a new combination of topical solution with Hyaluronic Acid 0.2% and arnica extract 0.1% in reducing dry eye symptoms in a population of pediatric patients. METHODS 52 pediatric patients (aged 9 to 14 years) with signs and symptoms of dry eyes and allergic conjunctivitis were included in the study. Twenty-six patients were assigned to the Hyaluronic Acid 0.2%/ Arnica extract 0.1% group (Study Group) while 26 patients to the Hyaluronic Acid 0.2% group (Control Group). Clinical signs and symptoms were assessed at baseline and at week 4. The assessment plan included: slit-lamp examination, tear film break up time (TBUT), Schirmer's test and conjunctival hyperemia score. Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score was used to evaluate subjective symptoms of dry eye disease. RESULTS Both treatment groups showed improvements in the estimated clinical parameters after treatment. OSDI score was significantly lower in both treatment groups (Study group p = 0.02; Control group p = 0.04) at the end of the follow up period. Improvements in TBUT, Schirmer's test results and conjunctival hyperemia were statistically significant only in the Study group (p = 0.021; p = 0.03; p < 0.01 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Preliminary findings suggest that combined topical Hyaluronic Acid 0.2% and arnica extract 0.1% can be effective in reducing symptoms and signs of dry eye disease in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Buzzonetti
- Ophthalmology Department of Bambino Gesù IRCCS Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Petroni
- Ophthalmology Department of Bambino Gesù IRCCS Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Federici
- Ophthalmology Department of Bambino Gesù IRCCS Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yoon CH, Ryu JS, Ko JH, Kim YK, Oh JH, Chung JH, Oh JY. The Eyelid Meibomian Gland Deficiency in Fucosyltransferase 1 Knockout Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169464. [PMID: 36012728 PMCID: PMC9409428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of fucosyltransferase (FUT) 1-mediated fucosylation on meibomian glands (MG), we first confirmed that FUT1 and its fucosylated products were expressed in the eyelid, conjunctiva and skin in wild-type (WT) mice, whereas their mRNA and protein levels were downregulated in Fut1 knock-out (KO) mice. We then evaluated age-dependent changes in the total and acinar areas of MG, meibocyte differentiation, lipid synthesis, and eyelid inflammation and oxidative stress in Fut1 KO and WT mice. Results show that both the total and acinar areas of MG were smaller in Fut1 KO mice than in WT mice in all evaluated age groups. Meibocyte differentiation, lipid-producing capacities and the enzyme levels responsible for lipid synthesis were reduced in Fut1 KO mice, compared to WT controls. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative-stress-related markers were elevated in the eyelids and MG of FUT1 KO mice. These findings demonstrate the physiologic function of FUT1-mediated fucosylation in MG development and function, and indicate its potential role in ocular surface homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jin Suk Ryu
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Ko
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Yeon Kyung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Joo Youn Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +82-2-2072-0027
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jacobi C. [What is Important in Diagnosing Dry Eye Disease - Recommendations According to current Guidelines (DEWS II, DOG/BVA)]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2022; 239:1273-1286. [PMID: 35970193 DOI: 10.1055/a-1892-6182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Dry Eye is one of the most common ocular diseases worldwide with an increasing number of patients. The pathogenesis of this disease is multifactorial and complex and the basis for diagnostic strategies and therapies. The current definition of dry eye disease as described in DEWS II includes inflammatory mechanisms at the ocular surface, a loss of homeostasis, hyperosmolarity of the tear film and neurosensory abnormalities. Subject symptom scores, a detailed patient history, certain diagnostic tools, and interdisciplinary interactions are necessary to enable an efficient, individualized and successful therapy. Important diagnostics include risk factor analysis, slit lamp examination, tear secretion tests, tearfilm stability tests, and tests for measuring the ocular surface inflammation.
Collapse
|
39
|
Jacobi C. Was ist bei der Diagnostik des Trockenen Auges zu beachten? AUGENHEILKUNDE UP2DATE 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1488-0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDie komplexe, multifaktorielle Erkrankung „Trockenes Auge“ erfordert für die Diagnostik mehr als ein einziges Testverfahren inklusive einer subjektiven Fragebogenerhebung. Zudem kam es in
den letzten Jahren zu einem Paradigmenwechsel im Verständnis dieser Erkrankung. Dieser erforderte Änderungen in Definition und diagnostischen Strategien und zog die Aktualisierung nationaler
und internationaler Leitlinien (DOG/BVA und DEWS II) nach sich.
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang HH, Chen WY, Huang YH, Hsu SM, Tsao YP, Hsu YH, Chang MS. Interleukin-20 is involved in dry eye disease and is a potential therapeutic target. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:36. [PMID: 35681232 PMCID: PMC9178884 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dry eye disease (DED) is a common disease in ophthalmology, affecting millions of people worldwide. Recent studies have shown that inflammation is the core mechanism of DED. IL-20 is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in various inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we aimed to explore the role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of DED and evaluate the therapeutic potential of the anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 7E for DED treatment. Methods Clinical tear samples from patients with DED and non-DED controls were collected and their IL-20 protein levels were determined. We established three DED animal models to explore the role of IL-20 and the efficacy of IL-20 antibody in DED. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced over-evaporative DED, extra-orbital lacrimal gland excision (LGE)-induced aqueous tear-deficient DED, and desiccating stress (DS)-induced combined over-evaporative and aqueous tear-deficient DED animal models were established to investigate the role of IL-20. The anti-IL-20 antibody 7E was established to neutralize IL-20 activity. The effects of IL-20 or 7E on human corneal epithelial cells and macrophages under hyperosmotic stress were analyzed. 7E was topically applied to eyes to evaluate the therapeutic effects in the DED animal models. Results IL-20 was significantly upregulated in the tears of patients with DED and in the tears and corneas of DED animal models. Under hyperosmotic stress, IL-20 expression was induced via NFAT5 activation in corneal epithelial cells. 7E suppressed hyperosmotic stress-induced activation of macrophages. IL-20 induced cell death in corneal epithelial cells and 7E protected cells from hyperosmotic stress-induced cell death. Blocking IL-20 signaling with 7E protected mice from BAC-induced, LGE-induced, and DS-induced DED by reducing DED symptoms and inhibiting inflammatory responses, macrophage infiltration, apoptosis, and Th17 populations in the conjunctiva and draining lymph nodes. Conclusions Our results demonstrated the functions of IL-20 in DED and presented a potential therapeutic option for this condition. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00821-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Hsuan Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsun Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Min Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yeou-Ping Tsao
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shi Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lu Z, Liu T, Zhou X, Yang Y, Liu Y, Zhou H, Wei S, Zhai Z, Wu Y, Sun F, Wang Z, Li T, Hong J. Rapid and quantitative detection of tear MMP-9 for dry eye patients using a novel silicon nanowire-based biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 214:114498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
42
|
Suárez-Cortés T, Merino-Inda N, Benitez-Del-Castillo JM. Tear and ocular surface disease biomarkers: A diagnostic and clinical perspective for ocular allergies and dry eye disease. Exp Eye Res 2022; 221:109121. [PMID: 35605673 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Validated biomarkers to be used as biological tools for managing ocular surface diseases (OSDs) are still an unmet need in daily clinical practice. Many studies have contributed to the already extensive list of candidate biomarkers for these disorders. Dry eye (DE) and ocular allergy (OA) are complex and multifactorial diseases, often coexisting and with overlapping symptoms. The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive updated revision of the most relevant biomarkers of DE and OA, with an emphasis on quantitative analyses and correlations with clinical parameter data. Analysis of biomarkers common for these pathologies has highlighted an important physiological process. Namely, the interleukin proteins (IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-17), tumour necrotic factor (TNFα) and interferon gamma (IFNγ; Th1-Th7 pathway) and IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 (Th2 pathway) seem to represent similar inflammatory mechanisms. Moreover, changes in the levels of mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5 and MUC16) are common alterations in the tear film mucous layer. We also examine the current state of medical devices and the main limitations to their use in clinical practice. Translational research in biomarkers for clinical practice depends on a feasible transition from the laboratory to the point-of-care. This requires large-scale, coordinated clinical validation campaigns to select the biomarkers with the highest specificity and sensitivity and significant correlation with clinical parameters. Moreover, technical limitations of multiplexed quantitation systems must be overcome to detect and measure the levels of several biomarkers in very small samples. To ensure the future of biomarker research, significant progress is necessary in a number of fields. There is an urgent need for global unification of clinical classification and diagnostics criteria. Widespread integration of proteomic and transcriptomic data is paramount for performing meaningful analyses using appropriate bioinformatics tools and artificial intelligence systems.
Collapse
|
43
|
Doctor MB, Basu S. Lacrimal Gland Insufficiency in Aqueous Deficiency Dry Eye Disease: Recent Advances in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Semin Ophthalmol 2022; 37:801-812. [PMID: 35587465 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2022.2075706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aqueous deficiency dry eye disease is a chronic and potentially sight-threatening condition, that occurs due to the dysfunction of the lacrimal glands. The aim of this review was to describe the various recent developments in the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of lacrimal gland insufficiency in aqueous deficiency dry eye disease. METHODS A MEDLINE database search using PubMed was performed using the keywords: "dry eye disease/syndrome", "aqueous deficient/deficiency dry eye disease", "lacrimal gland" and "Sjogren's syndrome". After scanning through 750 relevant abstracts, 73 eligible articles published in the English language from 2016 to 2021 were included in the review. RESULTS Histopathological and ultrastructural studies have revealed new insights into the pathogenesis of cicatrising conjunctivitis-induced aqueous deficiency, where the lacrimal gland acini remain uninvolved and retain their secretory property, while significant ultrastructural changes in the gland have been observed. Recent advances in diagnosis include the techniques of direct clinical assessment of the lacrimal gland morphology and secretion, tear film osmolarity, tear film lysozyme and lactoferrin levels, tear film interferometry and lacrimal gland confocal microscopy. Developments in the treatment of aqueous deficiency dry eye disease, apart from the nanoparticle-based tear substitutes, include secretagogues like diquafosol tetrasodium and rebamipide, anti-inflammatory topical agents like nanomicellar form of cyclosporine and lifitegrast, scleral contact lenses, neurostimulation, and acupuncture for increasing the amount of tear production, minor salivary gland transplantation, faecal microbial transplantation, lacrimal gland regeneration and mesenchymal stem cell therapy. CONCLUSIONS Significant advances in the understanding, diagnosis and management of lacrimal gland insufficiency and its role in aqueous deficiency dry eye disease have taken place within the second half of the last decade. Of which, translational breakthroughs in terms of newer drug formulations and regenerative medicine are most promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariya B Doctor
- Academy of Eye Care Education, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.,The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sayan Basu
- The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.,Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
de la Fuente M, Rodríguez-Agirretxe I, Vecino E, Astigarraga E, Acera A, Barreda-Gómez G. Elevation of Tear MMP-9 Concentration as a Biomarker of Inflammation in Ocular Pathology by Antibody Microarray Immunodetection Assays. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5639. [PMID: 35628448 PMCID: PMC9147659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases are a family of enzymes fundamental in inflammatory processes. Between them, MMP-9 is up-regulated during inflammation; thus, its quantification in non-invasive fluids is a promising approach for inflammation identification. To this goal, a biomarker quantification test was developed for ocular inflammation detection using anti-MMP-9 antibody microarrays (AbMAs). After validation with eight healthy control tear samples characterized by ELISA, 20 samples were tested from individuals diagnosed with ocular inflammation due to: cataracts, glaucoma, meibomian gland dysfunction, allergy, or dry eye. Concentration values of tear MMP-9 were obtained for each sample, and 12 patients surpassed the pathological threshold (30 ng/mL). A significant elevation of MMP-9 concentration in the tears of glaucoma patients compared with healthy controls was observed. In order to evaluate the diagnostic ability, an ROC curve analysis was performed using our data, determining the optimal threshold for the test at 33.6 ng/mL of tear MMP-9. In addition, a confusion matrix was applied, estimating sensitivity at 60%, specificity at 88%, and accuracy at 68%. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the AbMAs system allows the quantification of MMP-9 in pathologies that involve inflammation of the ocular surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel de la Fuente
- Department of Research and Development, IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., 48160 Derio, Spain; (M.d.l.F.); (E.A.)
- Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group (GOBE), Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | | | - Elena Vecino
- Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group (GOBE), Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Begiker-Ophthalmology Research Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Egoitz Astigarraga
- Department of Research and Development, IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., 48160 Derio, Spain; (M.d.l.F.); (E.A.)
| | - Arantxa Acera
- Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group (GOBE), Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gabriel Barreda-Gómez
- Department of Research and Development, IMG Pharma Biotech S.L., 48160 Derio, Spain; (M.d.l.F.); (E.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
The Correlation between Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Point-of-Care Immunoassay, Tear Film Osmolarity, and Ocular Surface Parameters. J Ophthalmol 2022; 2022:6132016. [PMID: 35450324 PMCID: PMC9017586 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6132016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Dry eye disease is a multifactorial disease that is difficult to diagnose due to multiple causative factors. The study aimed to evaluate the correlations between tear film matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tear film osmolarity, and ocular surface parameters in patients with dry eyes. Methods. We performed a retrospective chart review for patients diagnosed with dry eye and investigated if associations existed amongst noninvasive tear breakup time (NIBUT); corneal staining scores; and MMP-9 grade, tear film osmolarity, and Schirmer’s test I results. Results. Twenty-four eyes of 24 patients were enrolled in the current study. The grade of MMP-9 (0–4) was positively correlated with tear film osmolarity (
). However, neither qualitative (positive or negative) nor quantitative (grade 0–4) measurements of MMP-9 correlated with any other ocular surface parameters. The osmolarity in the positive corneal staining group was significantly higher than that in the negative group (321.6 ± 19.261 and 299.89 ± 16.213, respectively;
). None of the other ocular surface parameters were correlated with tear film osmolarity. Conclusion. Tear film MMP-9 may be an indicator for tear film osmolarity, or vice-versa. Moreover, osmolarity may have a correlation with corneal staining in patients with dry eye. Tear film MMP-9 and osmolarity tests can be helpful and convenient evaluation tools for identifying inflammation in dry eye disease in clinical practice.
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang P, Tian L, Bao J, Li S, Li A, Wen Y, Wang J, Jie Y. Isotretinoin Impairs the Secretory Function of Meibomian Gland Via the PPARγ Signaling Pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:29. [PMID: 35353124 PMCID: PMC8976919 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.3.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of isotretinoin on the ocular surface and to explore the possible mechanisms. Methods Rats were treated with isotretinoin 20 mg/kg/d for five months and tested monthly for tear secretion, fluorescein staining, and infrared photography. After five months of treatment, tissues were harvested for routine staining to evaluate the morphological changes; and real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry to study the expression of associated genes and their products such as forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), forkhead box protein O3, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ), adipose differentiation–related protein, elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 4, fatty acid binding protein 4, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and interleukin-6. Results Systemically, isotretinoin-treated rats have a significantly lower body weight that controls and apparent skin damage. Locally, although there was no alteration in tear secretion, a significant corneal involvement indicated by increased fluorescein staining scores, and also the contrast of meibomian gland was significantly reduced but no significant atrophy of the acinus was found. In addition, isotretinoin causes a decrease in conjunctival goblet cells. Furthermore, isotretinoin treatment did not cause the upregulation of FoxO1 and inflammation related genes but significantly suppressed the expression of PPARγ pathway. Conclusions Isotretinoin does not cause a significant atrophy of the acinus and a significant change of FoxO1 expression in the meibomian gland. Isotretinoin causes meibomian gland dysfunction, affecting meibocyte differentiation and qualitative and quantitative changes in the meibum, through PPARγ pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Bao
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Shang Li
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Ao Li
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Wen
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jie
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sun C, Chen X, Huang Y, Zou H, Fan W, Yang M, Yuan R. Effects of aerobic exercise on tear secretion and tear film stability in dry eye patients. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:9. [PMID: 34983454 PMCID: PMC8725542 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To study the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) on tear secretion and tear film stability in dry eye patients. Methods This study consisted of two parts, each part included 3 groups, namely dry eye without AE group, dry eye with AE group and pre-clinical dry eye with AE group. In part 1, we studied the variations of Schirmer I test and six tear compositions before and after AE (34 eyes in each group). In part 2, we studied the variations of tear meniscus height, first and average non-invasive tear breakup time (F-NITBUT and A-NITBUT), lipid layer thickness, number of incomplete and complete blinks, partial blink rate (PBR) and visual acuity before and after AE (30 eyes in each group). Results In dry eye with AE group, Schirmer I test at 0 min after AE increased significantly compared to baseline (P < 0.001), the oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine after AE decreased significantly compared to baseline (P = 0.035, P = 0.045), F-NITBUT and A-NITBUT after AE prolonged significantly compared to baseline (P < 0.001, P = 0.007, P = 0.036; P < 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.044), number of incomplete blinks and PBR at 10 min after AE decreased significantly compared to baseline (P < 0.001; P < 0.001) while number of complete blinks increased significantly (P < 0.001). Besides, significant differences were also found between dry eye with AE group and dry eye without AE group at all above corresponding time point (P < 0.05). Conclusion AE promotes tear secretion and improves tear film stability in dry eye patients. AE may be a potential treatment for dry eye. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000038673. Registered 27 September 2020, Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12886-021-02230-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 183#, Xinqiaozheng St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 183#, Xinqiaozheng St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanming Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 183#, Xinqiaozheng St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 183#, Xinqiaozheng St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 183#, Xinqiaozheng St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 183#, Xinqiaozheng St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongdi Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, 183#, Xinqiaozheng St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ng A, Woods J, Jahn T, Jones LW, Sullivan Ritter J. Effect of a Novel Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Supplement on Dry Eye Disease: A 3-month Randomized Controlled Trial. Optom Vis Sci 2022; 99:67-75. [PMID: 34882608 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Supplementing diet with a novel combination of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids significantly improved symptoms in extremely symptomatic participants with dry eye disease (DED). PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the effect of daily intake of a novel combination of essential fatty acids on signs and symptoms of DED. METHODS Participants with moderate to severe DED were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double-masked parallel group study. Participants ingested either the treatment supplement containing omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (1200 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, 300 mg docosahexaenoic acid, 150 mg γ-linoleic acid) or the placebo (coconut and olive oil) daily for 3 months. To determine compliance, Omega-3 Index blood tests were conducted. At baseline and at 1 and 3 months, the following assessments were conducted: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and Symptom Assessment Questionnaire in Dry Eye, noninvasive tear breakup time, tear meniscus height, tear osmolarity, ocular redness, surface staining, Schirmer test, and meibography. RESULTS Fifty participants (mean ± standard deviation baseline OSDI score, 52.2 ± 16.5) completed the study: 24 randomized to treatment and 26 randomized to placebo. Although there was an improvement in OSDI score at 3 months for both groups (treatment: -13.4 points, P = .003; placebo: -7.8 points, P = .02), participants with baseline OSDI scores >52 demonstrated an even larger significant improvement in symptoms with the treatment at 3 months compared with baseline (n = 13, -20.8 points, P = .002). There were no significant changes in any of the ocular assessments at 1 or 3 months (all P > .05). After 3 months, Omega-3 Index increased by 34% in the treatment group (baseline, 5.3 ± 0.8; 3 months, 8.0 ± 2.1; P < .001) and did not change in the placebo group (baseline, 4.8 ± 0.8; 3 months, 4.8 ± 0.6; P = .95). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and γ-linoleic acid resulted in a significant and clinically meaningful improvement of dry eye symptoms in extremely symptomatic participants with DED (OSDI ≥52).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jill Woods
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), University of Waterloo School of Optometry & Vision Science, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theresa Jahn
- Nature's Way Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Proteomic Analysis of Tears and Conjunctival Cells Collected with Schirmer Strips Using timsTOF Pro: Preanalytical Considerations. Metabolites 2021; 12:metabo12010002. [PMID: 35050124 PMCID: PMC8778087 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the human proteome profile of samples collected from whole (W) Schirmer strips (ScS) and their two parts—the bulb (B) and the rest of the strip (R)—with a comprehensive proteomic approach using a trapped ion mobility mass spectrometer, the timsTOF Pro. Eight ScS were collected from two healthy subjects at four different visits to be separated into three batches, i.e., 4W, 4B, and 4R. In total, 1582 proteins were identified in the W, B, and R batches. Among all identified proteins, binding proteins (43.4%) and those with catalytic activity (42.2%) constituted more than 80% of the molecular functions. The most represented biological processes were cellular processes (31.2%), metabolic processes (20.8%), and biological regulation (13.1%). Enzymes were the most represented protein class (41%), consisting mainly of hydrolases (47.5%), oxidoreductases (22.1%), and transferases (16.7%). The bulb (B), which is in contact with the conjunctiva, might collect both tear and cell proteins and therefore promote the identification of more proteins. Processing B and R separately before mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, combined with the high data acquisition speed and the addition of ion-mobility-based separation in the timsTOF Pro, can bring a new dimension to biomarker investigations of a limited sample such as tear fluid.
Collapse
|
50
|
Association of tear matrix metalloproteinase 9 immunoassay with signs and symptoms of dry eye disease: A cross-sectional study using qualitative, semiquantitative, and quantitative strategies. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258203. [PMID: 34662364 PMCID: PMC8523049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to analyze the association of tear matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) immunoassay with the severity of dry eye (DE) signs and symptoms through qualitative, semiquantitative, and quantitative evaluations of immunoassay band. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 320 eyes of 320 patients. The clinical signs of DE were assessed using the Ocular Surface Disorder Index (OSDI) score, visual analogue scale (VAS), tear breakup time (tBUT), tear volume evaluation by tear meniscometry, and staining scores of the cornea and conjunctiva by the Oxford grading scheme. The tear MMP-9 immunoassay results were interpreted using qualitative (positive or negative), semi-quantitative (reagent band density on a four-point scale: 0 = negative; 1 = weakly positive; 2 = moderately positive; 3 = strongly positive), and quantitative (ratio of reagent band density to control band density) indicators. Results Positive MMP-9 immunoassay results were significantly related to shorter tBUT, tBUT ≤3 seconds, higher corneal staining score, corneal staining score ≥2, and conjunctival staining score ≥2. The semi-quantitative results of the MMP-9 immunoassay were positively correlated with higher corneal staining score (r = 0.122, p = 0.029) and negatively correlated with tBUT (r = -0.125, p = 0.025). However, in the quantitative analysis, none of the DE signs or symptoms were correlated to the band density of the MMP-9 immunoassay. Conclusions The positive MMP-9 immunoassay results were related to the severity of ocular signs of DE. However, using quantitative measures of the MMP-9 immunoassay to assess the clinical severity of DE requires further investigation.
Collapse
|