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Chen T, Zhou N, Liang Q, Li Q, Li B, Chu Y, Zhang D, Chen Z, Tsao JR, Feng X, Hu K. Biochanin A: Disrupting the inflammatory vicious cycle for dry eye disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176583. [PMID: 38679123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex disorder driven by several factors like reduced tear production, increased evaporation, or poor tear quality. Oxidative stress plays a key role by exacerbating the inflammatory cycle. Previous studies explored antioxidants for DED treatment due to the link between oxidative damage and inflammation. Biochanin A (BCA) is a bioisoflavone from red clover with potent anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated BCA's therapeutic potential for DED. Human corneal epithelial cells were cultured under hyperosmotic conditions to mimic DED. BCA treatment increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine expression. A DED mouse model was developed using female C57BL/6 mice in a controlled low-humidity environment combined with scopolamine injections. Mice received eye drops containing phosphate-buffered saline, low-dose BCA, or high-dose BCA. The effectiveness was evaluated by measuring tear volume, fluorescein staining, eye-closing ratio, corneal sensitivity and PAS staining. The levels of inflammatory components in corneas and conjunctiva were measured to assess DED severity. Maturation of antigen-presenting cells in cervical lymph nodes was analyzed by flow cytometry. BCA eye drops effectively reduced inflammation associated with DED in mice. BCA also decreased oxidative stress levels by reducing reactive oxygen species and enhancing the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). These findings demonstrate that BCA ameliorates oxidative stress and ocular surface inflammation, indicating potential as a DED treatment by relieving oxidative damage and mitigating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taige Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Boda Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiran Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zeying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Ruei Tsao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuebing Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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Li X, Chen C, Chen Y, Jiang K, Zhao X, Zhang F, Li Y. Oridonin ameliorates ocular surface inflammatory responses by inhibiting the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pyroptosis pathway in dry eye. Exp Eye Res 2024; 245:109955. [PMID: 38843984 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is one of the central drivers in the development of dry eye disease (DED), in which pyroptosis induced by the NLRP3/caspase-1/gasdermin D (GSDMD) pathway plays a key role. This pathway has become a major target for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory disorders. Oridonin (Ori) is a naturally occurring substance with anti-inflammatory properties obtained from Rabdosia rubescens. Whether Ori can exert an anti-inflammatory effect on DED, and its anti-inflammatory mechanism of action, are still unknown. This experiment is intended to investigate the impact of Ori on the hyperosmolarity-induced NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pyroptosis pathway in immortalized human corneal epithelial (HCE-T) cells, as well as its efficacy and mechanism of action on ocular surface injury in DED mice. Our study showed that Ori could inhibit hyperosmotic-induced pyroptosis through the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway in HCE-T cells, and similarly, Ori inhibited the expression of this pathway in DED mice. Moreover, Ori was protective against hyperosmolarity-induced HCE-T cell damage. In addition, we found that the morphology and number of HCE-T cells were altered under culture conditions of various osmolarities. With increasing osmolarity, the proliferation, migration, and healing ability of HCE-T cells decreased significantly, and the expression of N-GSDMD was elevated. In a mouse model of DED, Ori application inhibited the expression of the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pyroptosis pathway, improved DED signs and injury, decreased corneal sodium fluorescein staining scores, and increased tear volume. Thus, our study suggests that Ori has potential applications for the treatment of DED, provides potential novel therapeutic approaches to treat DED, and provides a theoretical foundation for treating DED using Ori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Medical College, Graduate School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Kaiwen Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Xinmei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Fenglan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China.
| | - Yuanbin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China.
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Zhao D, Zhao H, He Y, Zhang M. BMSC Alleviates Dry Eye by Inhibiting the ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β Signaling Axis by Reducing Inflammation Levels. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:698-707. [PMID: 38450655 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2324434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) have multiple biological functions and are widely involved in regulating inflammatory diseases, tissue repair and regeneration. However, the mechanism of their action in dry eye disease (DED) is currently unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of BMSCs in the treatment of dry eye mice and to explore its specific therapeutic mechanism. METHODS Mouse corneal epithelial cells (MCECs) were treated with 500 mOsM sodium chloride hypertonic solution to induce a DED cell model. The dry eye animal model was constructed by adding 5 μL 0.2% benzalkonium chloride solution to mouse eyes. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of related proteins, and flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and periodic acid schiff (PAS) staining were used to detect cell and eye tissue damage. RESULTS The experimental results showed that BMSCs can reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory factors in MCECs, promote cell proliferation, inhibit cell apoptosis, improve the integrity of the corneal epithelial layer in vivo, promote an increase in the number of goblet cells, and alleviate DED. Further exploration of the molecular mechanism of BMSCs treatment revealed that BMSCs alleviate the progression of DED by inhibiting the ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β signaling pathway. CONCLUSION BMSCs inhibit ROS-NLRP3-IL-1β signaling axis, reducing inflammation levels and alleviating dry eye symptoms. These findings provide new ideas and a basis for the treatment of DED and provide an experimental basis for further research on the application value of BMSCs in alleviating DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhao
- Ophthalmology Department, Yan'An Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Ophthalmology Department, Yan'An Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China
| | - Yang He
- Ophthalmology Department, Yan'An Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Ophthalmology Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Alhalwani AY, Hafez SY, Alsubaie N, Rayani K, Alqanawi Y, Alkhomri Z, Hariri S, Jambi S. Assessment of leukocyte and systemic inflammation index ratios in dyslipidemia patients with dry eye disease: a retrospective case‒control study. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:179. [PMID: 38862998 PMCID: PMC11165728 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dry eye disease (DED) is a complication of dyslipidemia (DLP) that is caused by metabolic syndrome and increased inflammation. This research aimed to assess leukocyte and systemic inflammation index ratios as potential biomarkers for systemic inflammation in dyslipidemia patients with dry eye disease (DLP-DED). METHODS Several blood biomarkers were studied in 32 patients with DLP-DED (study group) and 63 patients with DLP-only (control group). The evaluated blood biomarkers included specific systemic inflammation index ratios, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet ratio (NLPR), and lipid profiles, such as total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglyceride (TG), albumin (ALB), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. RESULTS Lymphocyte levels were significantly greater in the DLP-DED group than in the DLP-only group (P = 0.044). In addition, a significant negative correlation between HDL and the NLPR (P = 0.007; r= -0.428) and a significant negative correlation between the serum ALB concentration and the PLR (P = 0.008; r= -0.420) were identified as potential inflammatory predictors of DLP-DED. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that patients with DLP-DED may benefit from routine blood monitoring of their elevated lipid profile and blood inflammatory biomarkers, such as CRP, leukocytes, and systemic inflammation index ratios (NLR, PLR, MLR, and NLPR), to reduce the complications of DLP on ocular health. The correlation data suggest that the NLPR, PLR, serum ALB concentration, and serum HDL concentration may be valuable inflammatory biomarkers in DLP-DED patients. More research is required to ascertain the significance of the NLR, PLR, MLR, and NLPR and the additive role that leukocytes play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Y Alhalwani
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salwa Y Hafez
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Nursing, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Alsubaie
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Rayani
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yamin Alqanawi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad Alkhomri
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saden Hariri
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Jambi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Lee Y, Park J, Bang S, Kwon Y. A Standardized Extract of Green-Cotyledon Small Black Soybean (EYESOY®) Ameliorates Dry Eye Syndrome in an Animal Model. Curr Eye Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38856074 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2024.2357599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dry eye syndrome is a common ocular disease that causes morbidity, high healthcare burden, and decreased quality of life. In this study, we evaluated the beneficial effects of a standardized extract of small black soybean (EYESOY®) in a benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced murine model of dry eye. METHODS Experimental dry eye was induced by instillation of 0.02% BAC on the right eye of the Sprague-Dawley rats. Saline solution or EYESOY were administered orally every day for 8 weeks. RESULTS EYESOY significantly improved tear volume in the cornea compared with that in the BAC group. Moreover, EYESOY inhibited damage to the corneal epithelial cells and lacrimal glands by suppressing the oxidative and inflammatory responses in a mouse dry eye model. It also increased the goblet cell density and mucin integrity in the conjunctiva. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that EYESOY has the potential to alleviate dry eye syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhee Lee
- Bio Technology R&D Center, WiLab Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Park
- Bio Technology R&D Center, WiLab Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunah Bang
- Bio Technology R&D Center, WiLab Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongbum Kwon
- Bio Technology R&D Center, WiLab Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Datta D, Priyanka Bandi S, Colaco V, Dhas N, Siva Reddy DV, Vora LK. Fostering the unleashing potential of nanocarriers-mediated delivery of ocular therapeutics. Int J Pharm 2024; 658:124192. [PMID: 38703931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Ocular delivery is the most challenging aspect in the field of pharmaceutical research. The major hurdle for the controlled delivery of drugs to the eye includes the physiological static barriers such as the complex layers of the cornea, sclera and retina which restrict the drug from permeating into the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Recent years have witnessed inventions in the field of conventional and nanocarrier drug delivery which have shown considerable enhancement in delivering small to large molecules across the eye. The dynamic challenges associated with conventional systems include limited drug contact time and inadequate ocular bioavailability resulting from solution drainage, tear turnover, and dilution or lacrimation. To this end, various bioactive-based nanosized carriers including liposomes, ethosomes, niosomes, dendrimer, nanogel, nanofibers, contact lenses, nanoprobes, selenium nanobells, nanosponge, polymeric micelles, silver nanoparticles, and gold nanoparticles among others have been developed to circumvent the limitations associated with the conventional dosage forms. These nanocarriers have been shown to achieve enhanced drug permeation or retention and prolong drug release in the ocular tissue due to their better tissue adherence. The surface charge and the size of nanocarriers (10-1000 nm) are the important key factors to overcome ocular barriers. Various nanocarriers have been shown to deliver active therapeutic molecules including timolol maleate, ampicillin, natamycin, voriconazole, cyclosporine A, dexamethasone, moxifloxacin, and fluconazole among others for the treatment of anterior and posterior eye diseases. Taken together, in a nutshell, this extensive review provides a comprehensive perspective on the numerous facets of ocular drug delivery with a special focus on bioactive nanocarrier-based approaches, including the difficulties and constraints involved in the fabrication of nanocarriers. This also provides the detailed invention, applications, biodistribution and safety-toxicity of nanocarriers-based therapeutcis for the ophthalmic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanjan Datta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India.
| | - Sony Priyanka Bandi
- Loka Laboratories Private Limited, Technology Business Incubator, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal 500078, Telangana, India.
| | - Viola Colaco
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Namdev Dhas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - D V Siva Reddy
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio TX78227, USA
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
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Vaccaro S, Borselli M, Scalia G, Rossi C, Toro MD, Rejdak R, Pellegrini M, Scorcia V, Giannaccare G. A Novel Noninvasive Screening Tool for Dry Eye Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1209. [PMID: 38928625 PMCID: PMC11202972 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14121209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the feasibility and the diagnostic accuracy of the new tool, DEvice© (AI, Rome, Italy), for screening patients with dry eye disease (DED). METHODS This study was performed at the University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro. Enrolled patients were classified as affected by DED (group 1) or not (group 2) using an already validated tool (Keratograph 5M, Oculus, Germany), evaluating the noninvasive keratograph breakup time (NIKBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), meibomian gland loss (MGL), and bulbar redness. All the patients were then examined by means of DEvice©, which allowed the measurement of the relative humidity (RH) and temperature of the ocular surface. Symptoms were scored using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. RESULTS Overall, 40 patients (17 males and 23 females, mean age 38.0 ± 17.1 years) were included: of these, 20 belonged to group 1 and the remaining 20 to group 2. Using Keratograph 5M, significant differences between groups 1 and 2 were detected for NIKBUT-first (respectively, 4.97 ± 1.85 vs. 13.95 ± 4.8 s; p < 0.0001) and for NIKBUT-average (10.55 ± 4.39 vs. 15.96 ± 4.08 s; p = 0.0003). No statistically significant changes were detected for TMH (p = 0.565), MGL (p = 0.051), and bulbar redness (p = 0.687). Using Device©, a statistically significant higher value of RH was found in group 1 compared to group 2 (respectively, 85.93 ± 10.63 vs. 73.05 ± 12.84%; p = 0.0049). A statistically significant correlation was found between RH and OSDI (r = 0.406; p = 0.009). The value RH showed a discriminating power to detect DED with an AUC = 0.782 (standard error 0.07264; 95% CI 0.6401-0.9249; p = 0.0022). CONCLUSIONS The DEvice© can effectively discriminate DED patients from healthy subjects. The parameter RH showed good sensitivity, making this tool ideal for a fast and noninvasive DED screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Vaccaro
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (G.S.); (C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Massimiliano Borselli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (G.S.); (C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Giovanni Scalia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (G.S.); (C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Costanza Rossi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (G.S.); (C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Mario Damiano Toro
- Eye Clinic, Public Health Department, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80133 Naples, Italy;
| | - Robert Rejdak
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marco Pellegrini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ospedali Privati Forlì “Villa Igea”, 47122 Forlì, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Scorcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (G.S.); (C.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Università 40, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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Xia Y, Zhang Y, Du Y, Wang Z, Cheng L, Du Z. Comprehensive dry eye therapy: overcoming ocular surface barrier and combating inflammation, oxidation, and mitochondrial damage. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:233. [PMID: 38725011 PMCID: PMC11080212 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dry Eye Disease (DED) is a prevalent multifactorial ocular disease characterized by a vicious cycle of inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction on the ocular surface, all of which lead to DED deterioration and impair the patients' quality of life and social functioning. Currently, anti-inflammatory drugs have shown promising efficacy in treating DED; however, such drugs are associated with side effects. The bioavailability of ocular drugs is less than 5% owing to factors such as rapid tear turnover and the presence of the corneal barrier. This calls for investigations to overcome these challenges associated with ocular drug administration. RESULTS A novel hierarchical action liposome nanosystem (PHP-DPS@INS) was developed in this study. In terms of delivery, PHP-DPS@INS nanoparticles (NPs) overcame the ocular surface transport barrier by adopting the strategy of "ocular surface electrostatic adhesion-lysosomal site-directed escape". In terms of therapy, PHP-DPS@INS achieved mitochondrial targeting and antioxidant effects through SS-31 peptide, and exerted an anti-inflammatory effect by loading insulin to reduce mitochondrial inflammatory metabolites. Ultimately, the synergistic action of "anti-inflammation-antioxidation-mitochondrial function restoration" breaks the vicious cycle associated with DED. The PHP-DPS@INS demonstrated remarkable cellular uptake, lysosomal escape, and mitochondrial targeting in vitro. Targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that PHP-DPS@INS effectively normalized the elevated level of mitochondrial proinflammatory metabolite fumarate in an in vitro hypertonic model of DED, thereby reducing the levels of key inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Additionally, PHP-DPS@INS strongly inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and facilitated mitochondrial structural repair. In vivo, the PHP-DPS@INS treatment significantly enhanced the adhesion duration and corneal permeability of the ocular surface in DED mice, thereby improving insulin bioavailability. It also restored tear secretion, suppressed ocular surface damage, and reduced inflammation in DED mice. Moreover, it demonstrated favorable safety profiles both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION In summary, this study successfully developed a comprehensive DED management nanosystem that overcame the ocular surface transmission barrier and disrupted the vicious cycle that lead to dry eye pathogenesis. Additionally, it pioneered the regulation of mitochondrial metabolites as an anti-inflammatory treatment for ocular conditions, presenting a safe, efficient, and innovative therapeutic strategy for DED and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyou Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yangrui Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Zhiyu Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Peng R, Jie Y, Long Q, Gong L, Zhu L, Zhong X, Zhao S, Yan X, Gu H, Wu H, Li G, Zhang K, Krösser S, Xu R, Hong J. Water-Free Cyclosporine Ophthalmic Solution vs Vehicle for Dry Eye Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol 2024; 142:337-343. [PMID: 38451509 PMCID: PMC10921345 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Importance Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent eye disorder. Cyclosporine is an effective immunomodulator that is widely used in DED; however, due to its highly hydrophobic nature, delivery of cyclosporine to the ocular surface is challenging. Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of SHR8028, a water-free cyclosporine ophthalmic solution, 0.1%, compared with vehicle in Chinese participants with DED. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a multicenter, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, phase 3 randomized clinical trial conducted from March 4, 2021, to July 22, 2022. Adult participants with moderate to severe DED were recruited from 12 hospitals in China. Study data were analyzed April 2, 2022, for the primary analysis. Interventions Following a 14-day run-in period with an artificial tear, participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive water-free cyclosporine or vehicle (1 eye drop in each eye twice daily). After a 29-day treatment, participants of both groups were given the option to receive water-free cyclosporine for an additional 12 weeks for longer-term safety assessment. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end points were changes from baseline in total corneal fluorescein staining (tCFS) using the National Eye Institute scale and in dryness score on a visual analog scale at day 29. Results A total of 206 participants (mean [SD] age, 47.8 [14.2] years; 185 female [90%]) were enrolled, with 103 each in the cyclosporine group and the vehicle group. At day 29, the cyclosporine group experienced improved tCFS compared with vehicle (change [Δ] = -1.8; 95% CI, -2.7 to -1.0; P < .001), with a tCFS score decrease from baseline of -4.8 in the cyclosporine group and -3.0 in the vehicle group. Dryness score decreased from baseline in both groups (-19.2 vs -15.4; Δ = -3.8; 95% CI, -9.2 to 1.6; P = .17). During the 29-day treatment, treatment-related adverse events were reported in 15 participants (14.6%) in the cyclosporine group and 11 participants (10.7%) in the vehicle group. Conclusions And Relevance Results demonstrated superiority of a water-free cyclosporine, 0.1%, eye solution over vehicle in improving tCFS score at day 29 in Chinese participants with DED. However, dryness score (VAS) was not improved at day 29. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05841043.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongmei Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Long
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat, Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingwu Zhong
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Hainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou, China
| | - Shaozhen Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoming Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Gu
- Ophthalmology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Huping Wu
- Xiamen Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyun Zhang
- Clinical Research & Development, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ruxia Xu
- Clinical Research & Development, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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10
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Zhu D, Zheng N, Deng K, Li L. Aurantio-obtusin Alleviates Dry Eye Disease by Targeting NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling in Rodent Models. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:1-14. [PMID: 37633872 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a common inflammatory ocular surface disorder, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. Aurantio-obtusin (AO) is a bioactive anthraquinone compound isolated from Semen Cassiae which has multiple pharmacological activities. Nonetheless, the specific function of AO in DED is unclarified. In this study, a rodent DED model was established by benzalkonium chloride (BAC) induction, followed by topical administration of AO. The results showed that topical application of AO increased tear production, mitigated ocular surface disruption and maintained the number of goblet cells in BAC-induced DED rats (p˂0.05). ELISA revealed that AO treatment significantly (p˂0.001) reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the conjunctiva and cornea of BAC-induced DED rats. Immunohistochemical staining and western blotting showed that AO treatment suppressed the expression levels of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-related proteins, and inhibited activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in rat conjunctiva and cornea (p˂0.001). In conclusion, AO treatment alleviates BAC-induced DED in rats by inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 430061, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Na Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 430061, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kebin Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 430061, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liangchang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 430061, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 4, Huayuan Hill, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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11
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Bu J, Liu Y, Zhang R, Lin S, Zhuang J, Sun L, Zhang L, He H, Zong R, Wu Y, Li W. Potential New Target for Dry Eye Disease-Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:422. [PMID: 38671870 PMCID: PMC11047456 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition affecting the ocular surface. It is characterized by loss of tear film homeostasis and accompanied by ocular symptoms that may potentially result in damage to the ocular surface and even vision loss. Unmodifiable risk factors for DED mainly include aging, hormonal changes, and lifestyle issues such as reduced sleep duration, increased screen exposure, smoking, and ethanol consumption. As its prevalence continues to rise, DED has garnered considerable attention, prompting the exploration of potential new therapeutic targets. Recent studies have found that when the production of ROS exceeds the capacity of the antioxidant defense system on the ocular surface, oxidative stress ensues, leading to cellular apoptosis and further oxidative damage. These events can exacerbate inflammation and cellular stress responses, further increasing ROS levels and promoting a vicious cycle of oxidative stress in DED. Therefore, given the central role of reactive oxygen species in the vicious cycle of inflammation in DED, strategies involving antioxidants have emerged as a novel approach for its treatment. This review aims to enhance our understanding of the intricate relationship between oxidative stress and DED, thereby providing directions to explore innovative therapeutic approaches for this complex ocular disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Bu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Sijie Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jingbin Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Le Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Rongrong Zong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen 361015, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen 361102, China
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12
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Choi H, Lee HE, Lee SV, Joo JS, Baek H, Kim S, Park M, Lee SW, Yang SW, Hwang HS, Kim JY, Kang YS. Sialylated IVIg promotes clinical improvements in a rabbit dry eye model by regulating inflammatory cytokines. Exp Eye Res 2024; 240:109782. [PMID: 38199260 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is caused by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, which results in visual disturbance, ocular surface inflammation and damage, and neurosensory abnormalities. Although it is prevalent in 5-50% of the global population, there are limited clinical options for its treatment. This study explored the potential use of human intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and its enriched fractions of sialylation, sialylated IVIg (sIVIg), as a treatment for DED. Fifteen female New Zealand white rabbits were topically instilled with 0.2% benzalkonium chloride (BAC) twice daily for five consecutive days to induce experimental dry eye. Saline, 0.4% IVIg, or 0.04% sIVIg eye drops were instilled twice daily for 20 consecutive days. Clinical evaluations, such as non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT) and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), were conducted. mRNA levels of mucin 4, mucin 16, TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP9, IL-10, TGF-β, and CD209 in rabbit conjunctival tissues were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The relationships between CD209 family members in rabbits and various mammalian species were analyzed using a phylogenetic tree. IVIg or sIVIg treatment resulted in clinical improvements in the rabbit DED model. The inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, were increased and mucin 4 and mucin 16, cell surface-associated mucins, were decreased in BAC-induced dry eye. Following IVIg or sIVIg treatment, inflammatory cytokines decreased, whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, increased substantially. Moreover, a 10-fold lower sIVIg treatment dose resulted in prolonged IL-10 production, representing a significantly improved DED compared to IVIg. Furthermore, the expression of rabbit CD209 mRNA in the rabbit conjunctiva and its close relationship with primate homologs suggest that it may interact with IVIg or sIVIg to promote IL-10 expression, as previously described in humans. At a lower dosage, sIVIg showed a more efficient improvement in DED, making it a promising new candidate medication for DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongjwa Choi
- Konkuk-KIST Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Eun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Vin Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Joo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeon Baek
- Konkuk-KIST Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sang-Gye Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, 1342 Dongil-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01757, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Park
- Konkuk-KIST Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea; Veterinary Science Research Institute, KU Research Center for Zoonosis, KU Center for Animal Blood Medical Science Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sang-Gye Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, 1342 Dongil-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01757, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sung Hwang
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Young Kim
- Department of Veterinary Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Sun Kang
- Konkuk-KIST Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea; Veterinary Science Research Institute, KU Research Center for Zoonosis, KU Center for Animal Blood Medical Science Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Giannaccare G, Vaccaro S, Borselli M, Rossi C, Carnovale Scalzo G, Scalia G, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Zerillo L, Polvere I, Vito P, Zotti T, Stilo R, Scorcia V. A Novel Ophthalmic Solution Containing Glicopro ® Complex for the Treatment of Patients with Dry Eye Disease: Results from a Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1447. [PMID: 38592312 PMCID: PMC10932378 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular surface disease characterized by an imbalance in ocular surface homeostasis, and tear substitutes constitute the first line of treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in the signs and symptoms of patients with DED treated with a novel tear substitute containing the GlicoPro® complex. (2) Methods: Patients with DED not successfully responding to other tear substitutes were enrolled and treated with a novel ophthalmic solution (two drops four times daily). Patients were examined before starting the study treatment (T0) and after 30 (T1) and 60 (T2) days of treatment by means of Keratograph for the evaluation of the following: (i) tear meniscus height (TMH); (ii) noninvasive Keratograph break-up time (NIKBUT); (iii) bulbar redness; and (iv) infrared meibography. The SANDE questionnaire was administered to assess ocular discomfort symptoms. Analysis of the tear content of proenkephalin and Met/Leu-enkephalin was also performed. (3) Results: At T2, a significant improvement in NIKBUT first, average, and class, TMH, and SANDE score was found. The tear content of proenkephalins was significantly higher at T1, whereas processed active Met/Leu-enkephalins increased at both T1 and T2. (4) Conclusions: Our novel tear substitute based on GlicoPro® resulted in a significant improvement in ocular discomfort symptoms, tear volume, and stability in the patients treated. The increase in active peptides processed in tears may represent the pathophysiological substrate underlying this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (G.C.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.)
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Vaccaro
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (G.C.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Massimiliano Borselli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (G.C.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Costanza Rossi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (G.C.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Giovanna Carnovale Scalzo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (G.C.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Giovanni Scalia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (G.C.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.D.C.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.D.C.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Lucrezia Zerillo
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (L.Z.); (I.P.); (P.V.); (T.Z.); (R.S.)
- Genus Biotech Srls, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Immacolata Polvere
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (L.Z.); (I.P.); (P.V.); (T.Z.); (R.S.)
- Genus Biotech Srls, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Pasquale Vito
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (L.Z.); (I.P.); (P.V.); (T.Z.); (R.S.)
- Genus Biotech Srls, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Tiziana Zotti
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (L.Z.); (I.P.); (P.V.); (T.Z.); (R.S.)
- Genus Biotech Srls, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Romania Stilo
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (L.Z.); (I.P.); (P.V.); (T.Z.); (R.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Scorcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (G.C.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.)
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14
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Jo KS, Kim KY, Lee YW, Han SB, Choi CY. Clinical Outcomes and Indications of In-Office Sutureless Dried Gamma Ray-Sterilized Human Amniotic Membrane Transplantation With Bandage Contact Lenses in Various Ocular Surface Disorders. Cornea 2024:00003226-990000000-00503. [PMID: 38421931 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and indications of using dried gamma ray-sterilized amniotic membrane (AM) transplantation with bandage contact lenses for the in-office sutureless treatment of various ocular surface diseases. METHODS This study retrospectively included 56 eyes of 52 patients with various ocular surface diseases treated with sutureless dehydrated AM-assisted therapeutic contact lenses. The patients were followed up and assessed 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the treatment, and the therapeutic contact lenses were removed after 1 or 2 weeks. The size of the corneal lesion and the degree of pain experienced by each patient before and after the procedure were measured. Corneal re-epithelization rate and clinical aspects related to re-epithelialization were evaluated. RESULTS Complete corneal re-epithelialization of the epithelial defect was observed in 40 eyes. The complete re-epithelialization rates of persistent epithelial defect caused by infectious ulcers, neurotrophic ulcers, ulcers due to burn, toxic keratopathy, previous penetrating keratoplasty or other corneal surgeries, and severe dry eye disease were 69.2%, 80.0%, 77.8%, 100%, 75.0%, and 100%, respectively. Five patients with uncontrolled infectious ulcers, neurotrophic ulcer, bullous keratopathy, and ulcers associated with rheumatic disease did not show significant improvement. Patient pain scores significantly decreased after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS Dehydrated AM transplantation with a bandage contact lens is minimally invasive and easily applicable through in-office procedures. This approach is expected to be more actively applied in various ocular surface disorders, not only in severe corneal diseases but also in relatively mild corneal surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Seong Jo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | | | - Yong Woo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sang Beom Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Chul Young Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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Chu D, Zhao M, Rong S, Jhe W, Cai X, Xiao Y, Zhang W, Geng X, Li Z, Zhang X, Li J. Dual-Atom Nanozyme Eye Drops Attenuate Inflammation and Break the Vicious Cycle in Dry Eye Disease. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:120. [PMID: 38372846 PMCID: PMC10876514 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a major ocular pathology worldwide, causing serious ocular discomfort and even visual impairment. The incidence of DED is gradually increasing with the high-frequency use of electronic products. Although inflammation is core cause of the DED vicious cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in the vicious cycle by regulating inflammation from upstream. Therefore, current therapies merely targeting inflammation show the failure of DED treatment. Here, a novel dual-atom nanozymes (DAN)-based eye drops are developed. The antioxidative DAN is successfully prepared by embedding Fe and Mn bimetallic single-atoms in N-doped carbon material and modifying it with a hydrophilic polymer. The in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate the DAN is endowed with superior biological activity in scavenging excessive ROS, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, decreasing proinflammatory cytokines expression, and suppressing cell apoptosis. Consequently, the DAN effectively alleviate ocular inflammation, promote corneal epithelial repair, recover goblet cell density and tear secretion, thus breaking the DED vicious cycle. Our findings open an avenue to make the DAN as an intervention form to DED and ROS-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chu
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyang Zhao
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shisong Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mass Eye and Ear, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Wonho Jhe
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Xiaolu Cai
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xiao
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingchen Geng
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanrong Li
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Jingguo Li
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China.
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Borselli M, Toro MD, Rossi C, Taloni A, Khemlani R, Nakayama S, Nishimura H, Shimizu E, Scorcia V, Giannaccare G. Feasibility of Tear Meniscus Height Measurements Obtained with a Smartphone-Attachable Portable Device and Agreement of the Results with Standard Slit Lamp Examination. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:316. [PMID: 38337832 PMCID: PMC10855891 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14030316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using a novel device, the Smart Eye Camera (SEC), for assessing tear meniscus height (TMH) after fluorescein staining and the agreement of the results with measurements obtained using standard slit lamp examination. METHODS TMH was assessed using both SEC and conventional slit lamp examination. The images were analyzed using the software ImageJ 1.53t (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). A common measurement unit scale was established based on a paper strip, which was used as a calibration marker to convert pixels into metric scale. A color threshold was applied using uniform parameters for brightness, saturation, and hue. The images were then binarized to black and white to enhance the representation of the tear menisci. A 2 mm area around the upper and lower meniscus in the central eye lid zone was selected and magnified 3200 times to facilitate manual measurement. The values obtained using SEC were compared with those obtained with a slit lamp. RESULTS The upper and lower TMH values measured using the SEC were not statistically different from those obtained with a slit lamp (0.209 ± 0.073 mm vs. 0.235 ± 0.085, p = 0.073, and 0.297 ± 0.168 vs. 0.260 ± 0.173, p = 0.275, respectively). The results of Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated strong agreement between the two instruments, with a mean bias of -0.016 mm (agreement limits: -0.117 to 0.145 mm) for upper TMH and 0.031 mm (agreement limits: -0.306 to 0.368 mm) for lower TMH. CONCLUSIONS The SEC demonstrated sufficient validity and reliability for assessing TMH in healthy eyes in a clinical setting, demonstrating concordance with the conventional slit lamp examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Borselli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.B.); (C.R.); (A.T.); (V.S.)
| | - Mario Damiano Toro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federico II University Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Costanza Rossi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.B.); (C.R.); (A.T.); (V.S.)
| | - Andrea Taloni
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.B.); (C.R.); (A.T.); (V.S.)
| | - Rohan Khemlani
- OUI Inc., Tokyo 160-0022, Japan; (R.K.); (S.N.); (H.N.); (E.S.)
- Yokohama Keiai Eye Clinic, Yokohama 240-0065, Japan
| | - Shintato Nakayama
- OUI Inc., Tokyo 160-0022, Japan; (R.K.); (S.N.); (H.N.); (E.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishimura
- OUI Inc., Tokyo 160-0022, Japan; (R.K.); (S.N.); (H.N.); (E.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Eisuke Shimizu
- OUI Inc., Tokyo 160-0022, Japan; (R.K.); (S.N.); (H.N.); (E.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Vincenzo Scorcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.B.); (C.R.); (A.T.); (V.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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Huang B, Zhang N, Qiu X, Zeng R, Wang S, Hua M, Li Q, Nan K, Lin S. Mitochondria-targeted SkQ1 nanoparticles for dry eye disease: Inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation by preventing mitochondrial DNA oxidation. J Control Release 2024; 365:1-15. [PMID: 37972763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder mutually promoted by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ocular surface inflammation. NLRP3 is the key regulator for inducing ocular surface inflammation in DED. However, the mechanism by which ROS influences the bio-effects of NLRP3, and the consequent development of DED, largely remains elusive. In the present study, we uncovered that robust ROS can oxidate mitochondrial DNA (ox-mtDNA) along with loss of mitochondria compaction causing the cytosolic release of ox-mtDNA and subsequent co-localization with cytosolic NLRP3, which can promote the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and stimulate NLRP3-mediated inflammation. Visomitin (also known as SkQ1), a mitochondria-targeted anti-oxidant, could reverse such a process by in situ scavenging of mitochondrial ROS. To effectively deliver SkQ1, we further developed a novel mitochondria-targeted SkQ1 nanoparticle (SkQ1 NP) using a charge-driven self-assembly strategy. Compared with free SkQ1, SkQ1 NPs exhibited significantly higher cytosolic- and mitochondrial-ROS scavenging activity (1.7 and 1.9 times compared to levels of the free SkQ1 group), thus exerting a better in vitro protective effect against H2O2-induced cell death in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). After topical administration, SkQ1 NPs significantly reduced in vivo mtDNA oxidation, while suppressing the expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β, which consequently resulted in better therapeutic effects against DED. Results suggested that by efficiently scavenging mitochondrial ROS, SkQ1 NPs could in situ inhibit DED-induced mtDNA oxidation, thus blocking the interaction of ox-mtDNA and NLRP3; this, in turn, suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NLRP3-mediated inflammatory signaling. Results suggested that SkQ1 NPs have great potential as a new treatment for DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoshan Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Na Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xi'an 710002, China
| | - Xinying Qiu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Shuimiao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Mengxia Hua
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Qing Li
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Kaihui Nan
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
| | - Sen Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.
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18
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Chen Q, Wang L, Zhang Y, Xu X, Wei Z, Zhang Z, Wei Y, Pang J, Guo X, Cao K, Liang Q. Corneal Epithelial Dendritic Cells: An Objective Indicator for Ocular Surface Inflammation in Patients with Obstructive Meibomian Gland Dysfunction? Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024; 32:79-88. [PMID: 36622888 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2155843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine whether corneal epithelial dendritic cells (CEDC) could serve as an indicator to distinguish obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) with or without ocular surface inflammation (OSI). METHODS We performed a case-control study on patients with diagnosed obstructive MGD between August 2017 and November 2019. RESULTS 30 MGD cases and 25 healthy controls were recruited. The classification of MGD patients with and without OSI was based on the tear pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Compared with the MGD without OSI and the control group, a higher CEDC density was detected in the MGD with OSI subgroup. The presence of >15.6 cells/mm2 CEDC had a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 75% for the diagnosis of MGD with OSI. CONCLUSIONS OSI is not present in all patients with obstructive MGD. Evaluation of CEDC density in the central cornea may help identify whether MGD is concomitant with OSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Chen
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Leying Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xizhan Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Wei
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinding Pang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Cao
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingfeng Liang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Hopkinson A, Notara M, Cursiefen C, Sidney LE. Increased Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Potential and Progenitor Marker Expression of Corneal Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultured in an Optimized Propagation Medium. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241241992. [PMID: 38602231 PMCID: PMC11010753 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241241992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a huge unmet need for new treatment modalities for ocular surface inflammatory disorders (OSIDs) such as dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction. Mesenchymal stem cell therapies may hold the answer due to their potent immunomodulatory properties, low immunogenicity, and ability to modulate both the innate and adaptive immune response. MSC-like cells that can be isolated from the corneal stroma (C-MSCs) offer a potential new treatment strategy; however, an optimized culture medium needs to be developed to produce the ideal phenotype for use in a cell therapy to treat OSIDs. The effects of in vitro expansion of human C-MSC in a medium of M199 containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) was compared to a stem cell medium (SCM) containing knockout serum replacement (KSR) with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and human leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), investigating viability, protein, and gene expression. Isolating populations expressing CD34 or using siRNA knockdown of CD34 were investigated. Finally, the potential of C-MSC as a cell therapy was assessed using co-culture with an in vitro corneal epithelial cell injury model and the angiogenic effects of C-MSC conditioned medium were evaluated with blood and lymph endothelial cells. Both media supported proliferation of C-MSC, with SCM increasing expression of CD34, ABCG2, PAX6, NANOG, REX1, SOX2, and THY1, supported by increased associated protein expression. Isolating cell populations expressing CD34 protein made little difference to gene expression, however, knockdown of the CD34 gene led to decreased expression of progenitor genes. C-MSC increased viability of injured corneal epithelial cells whilst decreasing levels of cytotoxicity and interleukins-6 and -8. No pro-angiogenic effect of C-MSC was seen. Culture medium can significantly influence C-MSC phenotype and culture in SCM produced a cell phenotype more suitable for further consideration as an anti-inflammatory cell therapy. C-MSC show considerable potential for development as therapies for OSIDs, acting through anti-inflammatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hopkinson
- Academic Ophthalmology, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Maria Notara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Koln, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Koln, Germany
| | - Laura E. Sidney
- Academic Ophthalmology, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Regenerating and Modelling Tissues, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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20
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Bhujel B, Oh SH, Kim CM, Yoon YJ, Chung HS, Ye EA, Lee H, Kim JY. Current Advances in Regenerative Strategies for Dry Eye Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 11:39. [PMID: 38247916 PMCID: PMC10813666 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is an emerging health issue affecting millions of individuals annually. Ocular surface disorders, such as DED, are characterized by inflammation triggered by various factors. This condition can lead to tear deficiencies, resulting in the desiccation of the ocular surface, corneal ulceration/perforation, increased susceptibility to infections, and a higher risk of severe visual impairment and blindness. Currently, the clinical management of DED primarily relies on supportive and palliative measures, including the frequent and lifelong use of different lubricating agents. While some advancements like punctal plugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and salivary gland autografts have been attempted, they have shown limited effectiveness. Recently, there have been promising developments in the treatment of DED, including biomaterials such as nano-systems, hydrogels, and contact lenses for drug delivery, cell-based therapies, biological approaches, and tissue-based regenerative therapy. This article specifically explores the different strategies reported so far for treating DED. The aim is to discuss their potential as long-term cures for DED while also considering the factors that limit their feasibility and effectiveness. These advancements offer hope for more effective and sustainable treatment options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jae-Yong Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; (B.B.); (S.-H.O.); (C.-M.K.); (Y.-J.Y.); (H.-S.C.); (E.-A.Y.); (H.L.)
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21
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Borroni D, Mazzotta C, Rocha-de-Lossada C, Sánchez-González JM, Ballesteros-Sanchez A, García-Lorente M, Zamorano-Martín F, Spinelli A, Schiano-Lomoriello D, Tedesco GR. Dry Eye Para-Inflammation Treatment: Evaluation of a Novel Tear Substitute Containing Hyaluronic Acid and Low-Dose Hydrocortisone. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3277. [PMID: 38137498 PMCID: PMC10740799 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to check the efficacy and safety of a novel tear substitute containing hyaluronic acid and low-dose hydrocortisone in the treatment of moderate dry eye disease. Methods: In this prospective randomized study, 38 patients with moderate dry eye disease were divided into two treatment groups: Group 1 received one drop of 0.2% sodium hyaluronate and 0.001% hydrocortisone four times daily for 3 months, while Group 2 received 0.15% sodium hyaluronate and 3% trehalose at the same dosage. OSDI and SANDE questionnaires, Non-Invasive Break-Up time (NIBUT), Tear Meniscus Height (TMH), meibography, Lipid Layer Thickness (LLT), Tear Break-Up Time (TBUT), Corneal Staining Score (CFS), and Intraocular Pressure (IOP) were evaluated at baseline and after 1, 2, and 3 months of treatment. Results: During the treatment period, Group 1 showed statistically significant improvement in OSDI score (p = 0.002), SANDE score (p = 0.01), NIBUT (p < 0.0001), LLT (p < 0.0001), TBUT (p = 0.01), and CFS (p = 0.02). In Group 2, significant improvement was observed only in the TBUT score (p < 0.05). Comparison of the two groups showed that NIBUT and LLT were significantly different at the end of treatment (p = 0.001 for both comparisons), with more favorable results for sodium hyaluronate and hydrocortisone than for sodium hyaluronate and trehalose. No significant variations in intraocular pressure were observed in either group during the treatment period (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The study confirms that a 3-months treatment with hyaluronic acid 0.2% in combination with low-dose hydrocortisone 0.001% improves the signs and symptoms of moderate DED and that a low-dosage 0.001% hydrocortisone can be helpful in preventing the progression to chronic stages of DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Borroni
- Centro Oculistico Borroni, Gallarate, 21013 Varese, Italy
- Eyemetagenomics Ltd., 71–75, Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9JQ, UK
| | - Cosimo Mazzotta
- Siena Crosslinking Center, 53035 Siena, Italy;
- Departmental Ophthalmology Unit, USL Toscana Sud Est l, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Postgraduate Ophthalmology School, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Carlos Rocha-de-Lossada
- Ophthalmology Department, QVision, Vithas Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Regional Universitario Málaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-L.); (F.Z.-M.)
| | - José-María Sánchez-González
- Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.-M.S.-G.); (A.B.-S.)
| | - Antonio Ballesteros-Sanchez
- Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.-M.S.-G.); (A.B.-S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Novovision, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - María García-Lorente
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Regional Universitario Málaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-L.); (F.Z.-M.)
| | - Francisco Zamorano-Martín
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Regional Universitario Málaga, 29016 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-L.); (F.Z.-M.)
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22
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Cross T, Øvstebø R, Brusletto BS, Trøseid AMS, Olstad OK, Aspelin T, Jackson CJ, Chen X, Utheim TP, Haug KBF. RNA Profiles of Tear Fluid Extracellular Vesicles in Patients with Dry Eye-Related Symptoms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15390. [PMID: 37895069 PMCID: PMC10607363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, diagnosing and stratifying dry eye disease (DED) require multiple tests, motivating interest in a single definitive test. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential for using tear fluid extracellular vesicle (EV)-RNA in DED diagnostics. With a role in intercellular communication, nanosized EVs facilitate the protected transport of diverse bioactive molecules in biofluids, including tears. Schirmer strips were used to collect tears from 10 patients presenting with dry eye-related symptoms at the Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic. The samples comprised two groups, five from patients with a tear film break-up time (TBUT) of 2 s and five from patients with a TBUT of 10 s. Tear fluid EV-RNA was isolated using a Qiagen exoRNeasy Midi Kit, and the RNA was characterized using Affymetrix ClariomTM D microarrays. The mean signal values of the two groups were compared using a one-way ANOVA. A total of 26,639 different RNA transcripts were identified, comprising both mRNA and ncRNA subtypes. Approximately 6% of transcripts showed statistically significant differential abundance between the two groups. The mRNA sodium channel modifier 1 (SCNM1) was detected at a level 3.8 times lower, and the immature microRNA-130b was detected at a level 1.5 times higher in the group with TBUT 2 s compared to the group with TBUT 10 s. This study demonstrates the potential for using tear fluid EV-RNA in DED diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Cross
- The Regenerative Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (T.C.)
| | - Reidun Øvstebø
- Blood Cell Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (R.Ø.)
| | - Berit Sletbakk Brusletto
- Blood Cell Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (R.Ø.)
| | - Anne-Marie Siebke Trøseid
- Blood Cell Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (R.Ø.)
| | - Ole Kristoffer Olstad
- Blood Cell Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (R.Ø.)
| | - Trude Aspelin
- Blood Cell Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (R.Ø.)
| | - Catherine Joan Jackson
- The Regenerative Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (T.C.)
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- The Regenerative Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (T.C.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, 4838 Arendal, Norway
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- The Regenerative Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (T.C.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, 4838 Arendal, Norway
- The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, 0369 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, 3103 Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Kari Bente Foss Haug
- Blood Cell Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (R.Ø.)
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23
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van Setten GB. Ocular Surface Allostasis-When Homeostasis Is Lost: Challenging Coping Potential, Stress Tolerance, and Resilience. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1246. [PMID: 37627311 PMCID: PMC10452761 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of ocular surface (OS) homeostasis characterizes the onset of dry eye disease. Resilience defines the ability to withstand this threat, reflecting the ability of the ocular surface to cope with and bounce back after challenging events. The coping capacity of the OS defines the ability to successfully manage cellular stress. Cellular stress, which is central to the outcome of the pathophysiology of dry eye disease, is characterized by intensity, continuity, and receptivity, which lead to the loss of homeostasis, resulting in a phase of autocatalytic dysregulation, an event that is not well-defined. To better define this event, here, we present a model providing a potential approach when homeostasis is challenged and the coping capacities have reached their limits, resulting in the stage of heterostasis, in which the dysregulated cellular stress mechanisms take over, leading to dry eye disease. The main feature of the proposed model is the concept that, prior to the initiation of the events leading to cellular stress, there is a period of intense activation of all available coping mechanisms preventing the imminent dysregulation of ocular surface homeostasis. When the remaining coping mechanisms and resilience potential have been maximally exploited and have, finally, been exceeded, there will be a transition to manifest disease with all the well-known signs and symptoms, with a shift to allostasis, reflecting the establishment of another state of balance. The intention of this review was to show that it is possibly the phase of heterostasis preceding the establishment of allostasis that offers a better chance for therapeutic intervention and optimized recovery. Once allostasis has been established, as a new steady-state of balance at a higher level of constant cell stress and inflammation, treatment may be far more difficult, and the potential for reversal is drastically decreased. Homeostasis, once lost, can possibly not be fully recovered. The processes established during heterostasis and allostasis require different approaches and treatments for their control, indicating that the current treatment options for homeostasis need to be adapted to a more-demanding situation. The loss of homeostasis necessarily implies the establishment of a new balance; here, we refer to such a state as allostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gysbert-Botho van Setten
- St. Eriks Eye Hospital, 171 04 Solna, Sweden;
- Lab of DOHF and Wound Healing, Division of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Eugeniavägen 12/Level 6, 171 04 Solna, Sweden
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24
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Penbe A, Oklar M, Kanar HS, Bayrak MZ, Ersarı B, Talan M, Gün RD, Orçun A, Şimşek Ş. The effects of facial mask use on ocular surface parameters and tear film cytokine profile in prolonged use. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:2623-2632. [PMID: 36856985 PMCID: PMC9975438 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare tear fluid levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and IL-1ß cytokines between healthcare workers wearing facial masks and controls with correlations in clinical findings. METHODS In a prospective, controlled clinical trial tear fluid was analyzed for MMP-9 and IL-1ß levels using a commercially available test (Invitrogen; Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Waltham, Massachusetts, USA). Symptoms and signs of dry eye disease (DED) were evaluated using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), noninvasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), Oxford corneal staining, meibomiography, and clinical findings of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). RESULTS In the 38 eyes of healthcare workers and 30 eyes of controls, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of age and sex (p > 0.05). The mean OSDI score, daily mask wear time, meibomiography degree, and rate of positive clinical findings of MGD were higher in group 1 than in group 2, and the mean NIBUT was higher in group 2. (p > 0.05). The mean values of IL-1ß and MMP-9 were higher in group 1 (p = 0.036 and p = 0.001, respectively). The TMH and Oxford score percentages were similar between the two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of IL-1ß and MMP-9 in the basal tear fluid reveal increased ocular inflammation in healthcare professionals. Lower NIBUT values with higher OSDI and meibomian gland loss scores support ocular surface disturbance depending on regular mask use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Penbe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Health Science University, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Semsi Denizer Caddesi, E-5, 34890 Kartal Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Oklar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Health Science University, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Semsi Denizer Caddesi, E-5, 34890 Kartal Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Selen Kanar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Health Science University, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Semsi Denizer Caddesi, E-5, 34890 Kartal Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Müberra Zülal Bayrak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Health Science University, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Semsi Denizer Caddesi, E-5, 34890 Kartal Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Başak Ersarı
- Department of Ophthalmology, Health Science University, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Semsi Denizer Caddesi, E-5, 34890 Kartal Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Talan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Health Science University, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Semsi Denizer Caddesi, E-5, 34890 Kartal Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Raziye Dönmez Gün
- Department of Ophthalmology, Health Science University, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Semsi Denizer Caddesi, E-5, 34890 Kartal Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asuman Orçun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Health Science University, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Semsi Denizer Caddesi, E-5, 34890 Kartal Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şaban Şimşek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Health Science University, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Semsi Denizer Caddesi, E-5, 34890 Kartal Istanbul, Turkey
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Han R, Gao J, Wang L, Hao P, Chen X, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Jiang L, Wang T, Zhu L, Li X. MicroRNA-146a negatively regulates inflammation via the IRAK1/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway in dry eye. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11192. [PMID: 37433841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key factor in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease (DED). We aimed to investigate the role of microRNA-146a (miR-146a) in regulating corneal inflammation in a mouse model of benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced dry eye and the TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling pathway in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). A mouse model of dry eye was established by administering with BAC to BALB/c mice, and the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in the corneas of dry eye model mice was significantly increased; this was accompanied by the upregulation of miR-146a and activation of the NF-κB pathway. In vitro, TNF-α induced miR-146a expression in HCECs, while the NF-κB inhibitor SC-514 reduced the expression of miR-146a. Overexpression of miR-146a decreased the expression of IRAK1 and TRAF6, which have been identified as targets of miR-146a. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-146a suppressed NF-κB p65 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Moreover, overexpression of miR-146a attenuated the TNF-α-induced expression of IL-6, IL-8, COX2 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), while inhibition of miR-146a exerted the opposite effect. Our results suggest that miR-146a mediates the inflammatory response in DED. MiR-146a negatively regulates inflammation in HCECs through the IRAK1/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway, and this may serve as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Han
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University, No.4 Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University, No.4 Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University, No.4 Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Peng Hao
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University, No.4 Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University, No.4 Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yuchuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University, No.4 Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zhixin Jiang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University, No.4 Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University, No.4 Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University, No.4 Gansu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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Henrioux F, Navel V, Belville C, Charnay C, Antoine A, Chiambaretta F, Sapin V, Blanchon L. Inflammation of Dry Eye Syndrome: A Cellular Study of the Epithelial and Macrophagic Involvement of NFAT5 and RAGE. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11052. [PMID: 37446230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye inflammation is a key step in a vicious circle and needs to be better understood in order to break it. The goals of this work were to, first, characterize alarmins and cytokines released by ocular surface cells in the hyperosmolar context and, second, study the role of NFAT5 in this process. Finally, we studied the potential action of these alarmins in ocular surface epithelial cells and macrophages via RAGE pathways. HCE and WKD cell lines were cultured in a NaCl-hyperosmolar medium and the expression of alarmins (S100A4, S100A8, S100A9, and HMGB1), cytokines (IL6, IL8, TNFα, and MCP1), and NFAT5 were assessed using RT-qPCR, ELISA and multiplex, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and luciferase assays. In selected experiments, an inhibitor of RAGE (RAP) or NFAT5 siRNAs were added before the hyperosmolar stimulations. HCE and WKD cells or macrophages were treated with recombinant proteins of alarmins (with or without RAP) and analyzed for cytokine expression and chemotaxis, respectively. Hyperosmolarity induced epithelial cell inflammation depending on cell type. NFAT5, but not RAGE or alarmins, participated in triggering epithelial inflammation. Furthermore, the release of alarmins induced macrophage migration through RAGE. These in vitro results suggest that NFAT5 and RAGE have a role in dry eye inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Henrioux
- Team "Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair", Institute Genetics, Reproduction and Development (iGReD), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valentin Navel
- Team "Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair", Institute Genetics, Reproduction and Development (iGReD), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Ophthalmology Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Corinne Belville
- Team "Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair", Institute Genetics, Reproduction and Development (iGReD), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Coline Charnay
- Team "Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair", Institute Genetics, Reproduction and Development (iGReD), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Audrey Antoine
- Team "Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair", Institute Genetics, Reproduction and Development (iGReD), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Chiambaretta
- Team "Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair", Institute Genetics, Reproduction and Development (iGReD), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Ophthalmology Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Team "Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair", Institute Genetics, Reproduction and Development (iGReD), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Loïc Blanchon
- Team "Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair", Institute Genetics, Reproduction and Development (iGReD), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Gordhan HM, Miller ST, Clancy DC, Ina M, McDougal AV, Cutno DK, Brown RV, Lichorowic CL, Sturdivant JM, Vick KA, Williams SS, deLong MA, White JC, Kopczynski CC, Ellis DA. Eyes on Topical Ocular Disposition: The Considered Design of a Lead Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitor That Utilizes a Unique Azetidin-3-Amino Bridging Scaffold to Attenuate Off-Target Kinase Activity, While Driving Potency and Aqueous Solubility. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37314941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An unmet medical need remains for patients suffering from dry eye disease (DED). A fast-acting, better-tolerated noncorticosteroid anti-inflammatory eye drop could improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Herein, we describe a small-molecule drug discovery effort to identify novel, potent, and water-soluble JAK inhibitors as immunomodulating agents for topical ocular disposition. A focused library of known 3-(4-(2-(arylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propanenitriles was evaluated as a molecular starting point. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) revealed a ligand-efficient (LE) JAK inhibitor series, amenable to aqueous solubility. Subsequent in vitro analysis indicated the potential for off-target toxicity. A KINOMEscan selectivity profile of 5 substantiated the likelihood of widespread series affinity across the human kinome. An sp2-to-sp3 drug design strategy was undertaken to attenuate off-target kinase activity while driving JAK-STAT potency and aqueous solubility. Tactics to reduce aromatic character, increase fraction sp3 (Fsp3), and bolster molecular complexity led to the azetidin-3-amino bridging scaffold in 31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeren M Gordhan
- Alcon Research, LLC, Durham, North Carolina 27703, United States
| | - Steven T Miller
- Alcon Research, LLC, Durham, North Carolina 27703, United States
| | - Daphne C Clancy
- Alcon Research, LLC, Durham, North Carolina 27703, United States
| | - Maria Ina
- Alcon Research, LLC, Durham, North Carolina 27703, United States
| | - Alan V McDougal
- Alcon Research, LLC, Durham, North Carolina 27703, United States
| | - D'Quan K Cutno
- Alcon Research, LLC, Durham, North Carolina 27703, United States
| | - Robert V Brown
- Alcon Research, LLC, Durham, North Carolina 27703, United States
| | | | | | - Kyle A Vick
- ID Business Solutions, Ltd., Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | | | | | - Jeffrey C White
- Baxter Healthcare Corp., Deerfield, Illinois 60015, United States
| | | | - David A Ellis
- Alcon Research, LLC, Durham, North Carolina 27703, United States
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28
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Zhao D, Zhao H, He Y, Zhang M. BMSC reduces ROS and inflammation levels by inhibiting TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB signaling axis to alleviate dry eye. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2739871. [PMID: 37131693 PMCID: PMC10153363 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2739871/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on dry eye mice, and to investigate the mechanism of TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB signaling pathway on corneal injury repair in dry eye mice. Methods To establish a hypertonic dry eye cell model. Western blot for measureing the protein expressions of caspase-1, IL-1β,NLRP3 and ASC,and Rt-qpcr for mRNA expression. Flow cytometry for detecting the ROS content and apoptosis rate. CCK-8 for detecting the proliferation activity of cells, and ELISA for the levels of inflammation-related factors.The levels of inflammation-related factors were detected by ELISA. The dry eye mouse model of benzalkonium chloride was established. Three clinical parameters used to evaluate ocular surface damage, namely tear secretion, tear film rupture time and corneal sodium fluorescein staining, were measured with phenol cotton thread. Flow cytometry and TUNEL staining are both for he apoptosis rate. Western blot also for detecting the protein expressions of TLR4, MYD88, NF-κB, inflammation-related factors and apoptosis-related factors . The pathological changes were evaluated by HE and PAS staining. Results In vitro, BMSCs and inhibitors of TLR4, MYD88 and NF-κB showed decreased ROS content, decreased inflammatory factor protein level, decreased apoptotic protein level and increased mRNA expression compared with NaCl group. BMSCS partially reversed cell apoptosis induced by NaCl and improved cell proliferation. In vivo, it reduces corneal epithelial defects, goblet cell loss and inflammatory cytokine production, and increases tear production. In vitro, BMSC and inhibitors of TLR4, MYD88 and NF-κB could protect mice from apoptosis induced by hypertonic stress. In terms of mechanism, NACL-induced NLRP3 inflammasome formation, caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation can be inhibited. Conclusion BMSCs treatment can reduce ROS and inflammation levels and alleviate dry eye by inhibiting TLR4/MYD88/NF-κBsignaling pathway.
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29
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Cao Z, Chen Y, Bai S, Zheng Z, Liu Y, Gui S, Shan S, Wu J, He N. In situ formation of injectable organogels for punctal occlusion and sustained release of therapeutics: design, preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2023; 638:122933. [PMID: 37030642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of dry eye mainly includes instillation of cyclosporine A (CsA) nanoemulsion or the use of punctal plugs. Therefore, in this study, a novel injectable in situ organogel plug was developed using CsA as a model drug, stearic acid, injectable soybean oil, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) (1.25:10:0.6, w/v/v) as gel materials, to provide a dual mechanism for dry eye treatment. The formulated CsA injectable in situ organogel (CsA-OG) was evaluated in terms of stability, in vitro release, rheology, ocular irritation, punctal occlusion tests, and ocular distribution assessment. In vivo ocular distribution investigations showed that CsA-OG achieved considerably higher Cmax (1.94, 1.92 and 1.97-fold respectively) and AUC0-72h in the cornea, conjunctiva, and sclera (2.49, 2.27 and 2.15-fold respectively) than ciclosporin eye drops (p < 0.05). In vitro model evaluation demonstrated significant decrease in flow flux to 52.78% at 2 min after CsA-OG injection. According to evaluation of the in vivo model, the organogel plug can completely block the lacrimal passages and greatly decrease the lacrimal drainage rate (p < 0.05). The above results suggest that these intracanalicular CsA-OG plugs can offer more extensive clinical applications than existing lacrimal drainage plugs and may act as a drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yangnan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Shaoyun Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Zhiyun Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, Anhui Province, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Shuangying Gui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, Anhui Province, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Shuang Shan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jiabao Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Ning He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei 230012, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, Anhui Province, Hefei 230012, China.
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30
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Han H, Li S, Xu M, Zhong Y, Fan W, Xu J, Zhou T, Ji J, Ye J, Yao K. Polymer- and lipid-based nanocarriers for ocular drug delivery: Current status and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114770. [PMID: 36894134 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Ocular diseases seriously affect patients' vision and life quality, with a global morbidity of over 43 million blindness. However, efficient drug delivery to treat ocular diseases, particularly intraocular disorders, remains a huge challenge due to multiple ocular barriers that significantly affect the ultimate therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Recent advances in nanocarrier technology offer a promising opportunity to overcome these barriers by providing enhanced penetration, increased retention, improved solubility, reduced toxicity, prolonged release, and targeted delivery of the loaded drug to the eyes. This review primarily provides an overview of the progress and contemporary applications of nanocarriers, mainly polymer- and lipid-based nanocarriers, in treating various eye diseases, highlighting their value in achieving efficient ocular drug delivery. Additionally, the review covers the ocular barriers and administration routes, as well as the prospective future developments and challenges in the field of nanocarriers for treating ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Han
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Li
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyang Zhong
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Fan
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Tinglian Zhou
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Ye
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Wei RY, Jiang YY, Tang K, Wang Z, Tan NH. Simultaneous determination of Panax notoginseng total saponins in rabbit tears by UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1218:123490. [PMID: 36854204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng total saponins (PNS), the main bioactive components of the radix and rhizome of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen, could treat eye disorders. For the treatment of ocular diseases, eye drops are the first choice with the most common, economic and good compliance. So we proposed that PNS might be able to treat inflammatory ocular surface diseases by eye drops based on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The short elimination half-life (t1/2) and rapid elimination of PNS after oral or intravenous administration may limit its application for eye disorders. Meanwhile, there is a lack of pharmacokinetic study on trace amount of tear samples with PNS eye drops. Therefore, a simple and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) method by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive ion mode was firstly developed and applied in the pharmacokinetic study of PNS in rabbit tears. Tears samples were prepared by protein precipitation using methanol. The linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, specificity, precision, repeatability, stability, recovery, and matrix effect have been investigated and passed their validation criteria. Compared with prior methods, this method has the advantages of rapid analysis, high sensitivity, simple sample preparation and less sample demands. The pharmacokinetic results indicated that PNS eye drops had a slower elimination and a longer t1/2 by topical ocular administration, which is expected to improve the success rate of eye drops in the treatment of anterior segment diseases. The ocular pharmacokinetics of PNS provides an experimental guidance and feasibility basis for in vivo effect verification of PNS eye drops in the future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Yun Wei
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ye-Ying Jiang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Ning-Hua Tan
- Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Dry Eye Disease: What Is the Role of Vitamin D? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021458. [PMID: 36674972 PMCID: PMC9860626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition resulting from reduced tear secretion from the lacrimal glands, increased tear water evaporation or the production of poor-quality tears. Such tear instability can lead to inflammation and damage of the ocular surface, as well as to abnormal nociception. Historically, tear substitutes and corticosteroids have been the bastion of DED therapy, but a substantial number of patients still suffer from residual symptoms even after being treated with traditional treatments. Aiming to find safe and effective alternative therapies, recent efforts have been focused on the role of vitamin D in the cellular physiology of the eye. Possibly because of its positive effect in modulating the immune and inflammatory responses, the systemic supplementation of vitamin D seems, indeed, to be an effective therapeutic strategy, especially, but not only, for patients affected by DED that does not respond to conventional treatments. In this context, this review focuses on the literature reporting on the pathogenesis and treatment of DED, with a special emphasis on the recent investigations reporting on the potential role of the systemic administration of vitamin D as a therapeutic approach in the management of such condition.
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The efficacy of ocular surface assessment approaches in evaluating dry eye treatment with artificial tears. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21835. [PMID: 36528723 PMCID: PMC9759550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the effectiveness of objective techniques in assessing dry eye disease (DED) treatment compared with the subjective assessment commonly used in clinical practice. Thirty subjects were recruited for two visits separated by 28(± 3) days of treatment with artificial tears. A buttery of common subjective assessment methods were accompanied by a set of objective techniques including measurement of noninvasive tear film break-up time (NIBUT), lipid layer thickness (LLT), and quantitative evaluation of tear film surface quality and dynamics (TFD). Additionally, meibography was performed. Two commercially available videokeratoscopes and a prototype of a lateral shearing interferometer were used for the measurements. Both subjective and objective techniques showed a positive effect of artificial tears in DED treatment. Statistically significant improvements were observed in subjective symptoms (from P < 0.001 for Ocular Surface Disease Index, OSDI to p = 0.019 for tearing), conjunctival redness (P = 0.022), ocular staining (P = 0.012), fluorescein tear film break-up time (P = 0.015), NIBUT (P = 0.037), LLT (P < 0.001), and TFD (P = 0.048). In general, weak or statistically insignificant correlations were observed between subjective and objective assessment methods. The apparent lack of correlation between these methods might indicate the complementary character of objective techniques that likely assess other characteristics of ocular surface health than those assessed subjectively.
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Efficacy of Nonpreserved Sodium Hyaluronate Artificial Tears in Dry Eye Disease Patients Treated with Prostaglandin Analogs for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Prospective, Nonrandomized, Open-Label Pilot Study. J Ophthalmol 2022; 2022:1320996. [PMID: 36505508 PMCID: PMC9733995 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1320996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dry eye disease (DED) can be triggered using preserved ophthalmic formulations or prostaglandin analogs. In this prospective, nonrandomized, open-label pilot study, we evaluated the efficacy of a 0.15% hyaluronic acid (HA) nonpreserved ophthalmic formulation in decreasing DED symptoms in patients with open-angle glaucoma treated with prostaglandin analogs. Methods 30 patients with DED receiving chronic treatment with prostaglandin analogs for primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were administered ophthalmic formulations 3 times daily for 12 weeks. Foreign body sensation, burning, stinging, dryness, pain, frequency of symptoms, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), conjunctival hyperaemia, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), tear film break-up time (TBUT), best-corrected visual acuity, Schirmer test results, and 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire score between the baseline and 4 and 12 weeks were evaluated. Results The analysis shows that all primary endpoints improved; in particular, burning sensation and the frequency of symptoms after 4 and 12 weeks of treatment (p < 0.001) and dryness and pain after 12 weeks of treatment (p < 0.001 and p=0.03, respectively) were reduced significantly. Secondary outcomes confirmed the positive results, with a statistically significant change in the OSDI score and CFS between the baseline and 4 (p=0.02 and p < 0.001, respectively) or 12 weeks (both p < 0.001) and TBUT after 4 weeks (p=0.01). Conjunctival hyperaemia improved in both eyes in >90% of cases at 12 weeks of treatment. Conclusion The present study shows that the ophthalmic formulation containing 0.15% HA has a promising beneficial effect on reducing the signs and symptoms of DED in patients treated with prostaglandin analogs.
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Prinz J, Maffulli N, Fuest M, Walter P, Bell A, Migliorini F. Efficacy of Topical Administration of Corticosteroids for the Management of Dry Eye Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111932. [PMID: 36431067 PMCID: PMC9697326 DOI: 10.3390/life12111932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of corticosteroids (CS) for dry eye disease (DED) has been investigated in the clinical setting. The present study investigated whether topical CS application improves the clinical outcome at last follow-up compared to the baseline. The present study was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020. All the randomized clinical trials (RCTs), which investigated the efficacy of corticosteroids in the management of DED, were accessed. In September 2022, the following databases were accessed: Pubmed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Embase. The following data were extracted at baseline and at last follow-up: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear breakup time test (TBUT), Schirmer I test (SIT), and corneal staining. Data from 425 patients were retrieved. A total of 69.4% (295 of 425 patients) were women. CS were effective to improve SIT (p = 0.02) and corneal staining (p = 0.003) at the last follow-up of 10.0 ± 15.3 weeks. TBUT was greater in the CS than in the control group at the last follow-up (p = 0.002). Concluding, topical CS administration led to an increase of SIT and a reduction of corneal staining at a mean of 10 weeks follow-up in patients with DED. Compared to a control group, topical CS administration evidenced greater values of TBUT. Altogether, a good safety profile was witnessed in DED patients receiving CS. However, different safety profiles of different CS formulations were not investigated due to a lack of quantitative data. The exact dosing frequency, duration of therapy, and favorable potency of the CS are still under investigation. Future randomized, controlled trials with larger sample sizes are warranted to provide higher-quality evidence to establish the role of CS in DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Prinz
- RWTH University Hospital of Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mile End Hospital, Mary University of London, 275 Bancroft Road, London E1 4DG, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University Faculty of Medicine, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB, UK
| | - Matthias Fuest
- RWTH University Hospital of Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Walter
- RWTH University Hospital of Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Bell
- Eifelklinik St. Brigida, 52152 Simmerath, Germany
| | - Filippo Migliorini
- RWTH University Hospital of Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Eifelklinik St. Brigida, 52152 Simmerath, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0241-80-35529
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Jiang Y, Lin S, Gao Y. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapy for Dry Eye: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221133818. [PMID: 36398793 PMCID: PMC9679336 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221133818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye is one of the most common chronic diseases in ophthalmology. It affects quality of life and has become a public health problem that cannot be ignored. The current treatment methods mainly include artificial tear replacement therapy, anti-inflammatory therapy, and local immunosuppressive therapy. These treatments are mainly limited to improvement of ocular surface discomfort and other symptoms. In recent years, regenerative medicine has developed rapidly, and ophthalmologists are working on new methods to treat dry eye. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have anti-inflammatory, tissue repair, and immune regulatory effects, and have become a promising tool for the treatment of dry eye. These effects can also be produced by MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos). As a cell-free therapy, MSC-Exos are hypoimmunogenic, serve more stable entities, and compared with MSCs, reduce the safety risks associated with the injection of live cells. This article reviews current knowledge about MSCs and MSC-Exos, and highlights the latest progress and future prospects of MSC-based therapy in dry eye treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Yingying Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China,Yingying Gao, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China.
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Ling J, Chan CL, Ho CY, Gao X, Tsang SM, Leung PC, Hu JM, Wong CK. The Extracts of Dendrobium Alleviate Dry Eye Disease in Rat Model by Regulating Aquaporin Expression and MAPKs/NF-κB Signalling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911195. [PMID: 36232498 PMCID: PMC9570073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye is one of the most common ocular surface diseases caused by tear film instability and ocular surface damage due to an abnormal quality or quantity of tears. Inflammatory factors can initiate relevant transduction signalling pathways and trigger the inflammatory cascade response, resulting in ocular surface inflammation. It has been shown that the active ingredients in Dendrobium, such as polysaccharides, alkaloids and phenols, have anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour and immunity-boosting effects, and Dendrobium officinale extract can improve glandular secretion function, increase salivary secretion and increase the expression level of water channel protein in salivary glands in patients with dry eye syndromes. We investigated the in vitro cytoprotective effect of Dendrobium extracts in sodium chloride induced hyperosmotic conditions in human cornea keratocytes (HKs). Results showed that Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo water extract (DOW) and Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe water extract (DLW) could upregulate the expression of aquaporins (AQP)5 protein, thus exerting a repairing effect by promoting cell migration. Furthermore, oral administration of DOW and DLW enhanced tear production in rats and exerted a protective effect on ocular surface damage. DOW and DLW could upregulate the expression of AQP5 and mucin (muc)5ac proteins in the lacrimal gland and reduce the inflammatory response. DOW and DLW inhibited the activation of the corresponding mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and NF-KB pathway, thereby playing a role in improving dry eye symptoms. This study provides a new perspective on dry eye treatment, and DOW and DLW may be potential therapeutic agents for dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung-Lap Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Yan Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xun Gao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sin-Man Tsang
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping-Chung Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence:
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Peng W, Jiang X, Zhu L, Li X, Zhou Q, Jie Y, You Z, Wu M, Jin X, Li X, Zhou S. Cyclosporine A (0.05%) Ophthalmic Gel in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Masked, Phase III, COSMO Trial. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3183-3194. [PMID: 36164414 PMCID: PMC9509011 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s370559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chengdu Aier Eye Hospital, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qizhi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Aier Eye Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Jie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng You
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaoqin Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuming Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Zhaoke Ophthalmology Ltd, Guangzhou, 511458, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shiyou Zhou, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8620-6661-5460; +86-13829709097, Fax +8620-87333271, Email
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Abstract
Dry eye has become an increasingly prevalent public health issue for which there is currently no cure. Manuka honey possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can be used to treat dry eye. The present study aimed to systematically review evidence supporting the treatment of dry eye with manuka honey and quantify this evidence via meta-analysis. Randomised clinical trials that fulfilled the inclusion criteria from database inception until 5 September 2021, were identified through online searches of seven databases, including but not limited to Embase, Medline, and Central. Changes between the point of longest follow-up and baseline subjective symptoms, tear film quality, ocular surface characteristics, adverse events, and compliance were selected for meta-analysis. A total of 288 adult participants with dry eye from five eligible randomised controlled trials were analysed. Compared with the control groups, treatment with manuka honey demonstrated a significant improvement in Ocular Surface Disease Index, Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness, tear evaporation rate, negative conversion rate of matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels, ocular surface staining, and daily use frequency of lubricant. No serious adverse events were reported, except for temporary stinging and redness, which were generally tolerated. This review found that manuka honey demonstrated promising results for the treatment of dry eye. However, limitations of the included studies and analytical methodology affect the reliability of this conclusion. Therefore, further high-quality randomised clinical trials are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of the use of manuka honey in the treatment of dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Hu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingwen Kong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sixing Zhu
- Institute of Science, Technology and Humanities of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mohan Ju
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianfu Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Tovar A, Gomez A, Serrano A, Blanco MP, Galor A, Swaminathan SS, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Sabater AL. Role of Caspase-1 as a Biomarker of Ocular Surface Damage. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 239:74-83. [PMID: 35151638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the potential of caspase-1 as a biomarker for ocular surface damage. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS A total of 113 tear samples (64 subjects) were analyzed. Sixty-one samples were from individuals with dry eye disease (DED), defined as Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) ≥13 and/or corneal staining (CS) ≥3; 32 were from individuals who used glaucoma medication, irrespective of DED metrics; and 20 were from controls (CS <3 and OSDI <13). All individuals completed a medical history form and underwent an ocular surface assessment. Protein levels of caspase-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay off Schirmer's strips. The primary analysis compared caspase-1 levels in individuals with signs of ocular surface damage (CS ≥3) in both case groups and controls. Secondary correlational analyses were conducted to examine relationships between caspase-1 levels and ocular signs and symptoms. Finally, area under the curve (AUC) analyses were performed to examine relationships between inflammatory markers and CS. RESULTS The mean age of the population was 58±18 years; 70% were female. Tear samples from individuals with ocular surface damage presented higher caspase-1 levels than the control group. Caspase-1 levels showed a moderate positive correlation with CS (Spearman r = 0.31; P = .001) and eye redness (Spearman r = 0.39; P = .004), and a negative correlation with Schirmer's (Spearman r = -0.46; P < .001) and tear break-up time (Spearman r = -0.33; P = .0006). Caspase-1 showed higher sensitivity and AUC for detecting ocular surface damage than InflammaDry, and its expression was not affected by anti-inflammatory agents. CONCLUSION Caspase-1 levels were higher in the tears of individuals with ocular surface damage, suggesting its potential to be used as a biomarker and/or therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Tovar
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA (A.T, A.G, A.S, M.P.B, S.S.S, A.L.S)
| | - Angela Gomez
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA (A.T, A.G, A.S, M.P.B, S.S.S, A.L.S)
| | - Andres Serrano
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA (A.T, A.G, A.S, M.P.B, S.S.S, A.L.S)
| | - Maricarmen Perez Blanco
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA (A.T, A.G, A.S, M.P.B, S.S.S, A.L.S)
| | - Anat Galor
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA (A.T, A.G, A.S, M.P.B, S.S.S, A.L.S)
| | - Swarup S Swaminathan
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA (A.T, A.G, A.S, M.P.B, S.S.S, A.L.S)
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA (J.P.R.V)
| | - Alfonso L Sabater
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA (A.T, A.G, A.S, M.P.B, S.S.S, A.L.S).
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Li S, Lu Z, Huang Y, Wang Y, Jin Q, Shentu X, Ye J, Ji J, Yao K, Han H. Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Micelles: Break the Dry Eye Vicious Cycle. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200435. [PMID: 35435328 PMCID: PMC9189644 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) impacts ≈30% of the world's population and causes serious ocular discomfort and even visual impairment. Inflammation is one core cause of the DED vicious cycle, a multifactorial deterioration in DED process. However, there are also reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulating inflammation and other points in the cycle from the upstream, leading to treatment failure of current therapies merely targeting inflammation. Accordingly, the authors develop micelle-based eye drops (more specifically p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) inhibitor Losmapimod (Los)-loaded and ROS scavenger Tempo (Tem)-conjugated cationic polypeptide micelles, designated as MTem/Los) for safe and efficient DED management. Cationic MTem/Los improve ocular retention of conjugated water-soluble Tem and loaded water-insoluble Los via electrostatic interaction with negatively charged mucin on the cornea, enabling an increase in therapeutic efficiency and a decrease in dosing frequency. Mechanistically, MTem/Los effectively decrease ROS over-production, reduce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, restrain macrophage proinflammatory phenotypic transformation, and inhibit cell apoptosis. Therapeutically, the dual-functional MTem/Los suppress the inflammatory response, reverse corneal epithelial defect, save goblet cell dysfunction, and recover tear secretion, thus breaking the vicious cycle and alleviating the DED. Moreover, MTem/Los exhibit excellent biocompatibility and tolerability for potential application as a simple and rapid treatment of oxidative stress- and inflammation-induced disorders, including DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Li
- Eye CenterThe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University88 Jiefang RoadHangzhou310009P. R. China
| | - Zhouyu Lu
- Eye CenterThe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University88 Jiefang RoadHangzhou310009P. R. China
| | - Yue Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of EducationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Yin Wang
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Qiao Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of EducationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Xingchao Shentu
- Eye CenterThe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University88 Jiefang RoadHangzhou310009P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of OphthalmologyZhejiang University88 Jiefang RoadHangzhou310009P. R. China
| | - Juan Ye
- Eye CenterThe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University88 Jiefang RoadHangzhou310009P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of OphthalmologyZhejiang University88 Jiefang RoadHangzhou310009P. R. China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of EducationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027P. R. China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye CenterThe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University88 Jiefang RoadHangzhou310009P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of OphthalmologyZhejiang University88 Jiefang RoadHangzhou310009P. R. China
| | - Haijie Han
- Eye CenterThe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang University88 Jiefang RoadHangzhou310009P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of OphthalmologyZhejiang University88 Jiefang RoadHangzhou310009P. R. China
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Shin D, Sang Min J. Comparison of treatment effects between 4.9% N-acetyl-aspartyl glutamic acid and 0.05% cyclosporine A eye drops in dry eye patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 260:3285-3291. [PMID: 35486175 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the difference in the treatment effects of 4.9% N-acetyl-aspartyl glutamic acid (NAAGA) and 0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA) eye drops in dry eye patients. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 86 patients (86 eyes) who were diagnosed with dry eye and treated with NAAGA or CsA eye drops. Patients treated with NAAGA or CsA eye drops were designated as group A or B, respectively. We also calculated Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), dry eye, and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) parameters before treatment and at 1 and 3 months after treatment. Eye drop discomfort was assessed by calculating visual analog scale (VAS) scores at 1 month and 3 months after treatment. RESULTS There were no significant differences in patients' demographics and OSDI, dry eye, and MGD parameters between the two groups. OSDI, dry eye, and MGD parameters at 1 month and 3 months after treatment were found to be improved in both groups. However, at 1 month after treatment, the dry eye and MGD parameters of group A, except for corneal fluorescein staining, showed more improvement than those of group B. Additionally, at 3 months after treatment, the lid margin abnormality score, corneal staining score, tear break-up time, and OSDI of group A were significantly lower than those of group B. VAS scores of group A at 1 and 3 months after treatment were significantly lower than those of group B. CONCLUSION Treatment with NAAGA eye drops was effective in dry eye patients and demonstrated faster treatment response and less discomfort during application than CsA eye drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeun Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, 1, 34 Gil, Yeongshinro, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07301, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sang Min
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, 1, 34 Gil, Yeongshinro, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07301, Republic of Korea.
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Zhu J, Inomata T, Shih KC, Okumura Y, Fujio K, Huang T, Nagino K, Akasaki Y, Fujimoto K, Yanagawa A, Miura M, Midorikawa-Inomata A, Hirosawa K, Kuwahara M, Shokirova H, Eguchi A, Morooka Y, Chen F, Murakami A. Application of Animal Models in Interpreting Dry Eye Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:830592. [PMID: 35178415 PMCID: PMC8844459 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.830592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Different pathophysiologic mechanisms are involved in the initiation, development, and outcome of dry eye disease (DED). Animal models have proven valuable and efficient in establishing ocular surface microenvironments that mimic humans, thus enabling better understanding of the pathogenesis. Several dry eye animal models, including lacrimal secretion insufficiency, evaporation, neuronal dysfunction, and environmental stress models, are related to different etiological factors. Other models may be categorized as having a multifactorial DED. In addition, there are variations in the methodological classification, including surgical lacrimal gland removal, drug-induced models, irradiation impairment, autoimmune antibody-induced models, and transgenic animals. The aforementioned models may manifest varying degrees of severity or specific pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the complexity of DED. This review aimed to summarize various dry eye animal models and evaluate their respective characteristics to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanism and identify therapeutic prospects for clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Takenori Inomata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kendrick Co Shih
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuichi Okumura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Fujio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tianxiang Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Nagino
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutsugu Akasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fujimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Yanagawa
- Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Miura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akie Midorikawa-Inomata
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Hirosawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizu Kuwahara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hurramhon Shokirova
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Eguchi
- Department of Hospital Administration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Morooka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Akira Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Digital Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang J, Gong J, Yang Q, Wang L, Jian Y, Wang P. Interleukin-17 Receptor E and C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 10 Identify Heterogeneous T Helper 17 Subsets in a Mouse Dry Eye Disease Model. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:332-343. [PMID: 35144761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) features the inflammatory response of the ocular surface. Pro-inflammatory T helper 17 (Th17) cells are important for the pathogenesis of DED. In the present study a mouse DED model was used to discover two Th17 subsets in draining lymph nodes and conjunctivae based on the expression of IL-17 receptor E (IL-17RE) and CCR10: IL-17RElowCCR10- Th17 and IL-17REhighCCR10+ Th17. IL-17REhighCCR10+ Th17 expressed more retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t but fewer T-box-expressed-in-T-cells than IL-17RElowCCR10- Th17. In addition, the former expressed higher IL-17A, IL-21, and IL-22 but fewer IFN-γ than the latter. Further analysis showed that IL-17REhighCCR10+ Th17 did not express IFN-γ in vivo, whereas IL-17RElowCCR10- Th17 contained IFN-γ-expressing Th17/Th1 cells. Moreover, IL-17REhighCCR10+ Th17 possessed more phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Jnk than IL-17RElowCCR10- Th17, suggesting higher activation of MAPK signaling in IL-17REhighCCR10+ Th17. In vitro treatment with IL-17C effectively maintained IL-17A expression in Th17 cells through p38 MAPK rather than Jnk MAPK. Furthermore, the adoptive transfer of the two Th17 subpopulations indicated their equivalent pathogenicity in DED. Interestingly, IL-17REhighCCR10+ Th17 cells were able to phenotypically polarize to IL-17RElowCCR10- Th17 cells in vivo. In conclusion, the current study revealed novel Th17 subsets with differential phenotypes, functions, and signaling status in DED, thus deepening the understanding of Th17 pathogenicity, and exhibited Th17 heterogeneity in DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Wang
- The Eye Research Institute at Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jin Gong
- The Eye Research Institute at Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qingguo Yang
- The Eye Research Institute at Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Linglin Wang
- The Eye Research Institute at Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan Jian
- The Eye Research Institute at Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ping Wang
- The Eye Research Institute at Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang City, Hubei Province, China.
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45
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Ow V, Loh XJ. Recent developments of temperature‐responsive polymers for ophthalmic applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Ow
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore Singapore
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Huang W, Huang L, Li W, Saglam MS, Tourmouzis K, Goldstein SM, Master A, Honkanen R, Rigas B. Once-Daily Topical Phosphosulindac Is Efficacious in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: Studies in Rabbit Models of Its Main Clinical Subtypes. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2021; 38:102-113. [PMID: 34964663 PMCID: PMC8817715 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2021.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is classified as aqueous deficient, evaporative, or mixed. We investigated the therapeutic effect of the novel anti-inflammatory drug phosphosulindac (PS) in rabbit models of DED encompassing its pathogenesis, and its transition to chronicity. Methods: We treated three rabbit models of DED with PS (hydrogel formulation) or vehicle topically applied 1 × /day. We induced aqueous-deficient DED (acute and chronic) by injecting Concanavalin A into lacrimal glands; evaporative DED by injecting into the upper eyelid inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis in complete Freund's adjuvant; and mixed DED through desiccative stress, induced by holding open the eye for 3 h. We determined corneal sensitivity, tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer's tear test (STT), tear osmolality, and fluorescein staining of the ocular surface. Results: PS reversed all abnormal DED parameters. In acute DED, PS dose dependently normalized corneal sensitivity and tear osmolality; and improved TBUT, STT, and fluorescein staining. PS normalized corneal sensitivity and improved all other parameters in chronic aqueous-deficient DED. In evaporative DED, PS normalized corneal sensitivity and improved TBUT and fluorescein staining (osmolality and STT were not significantly changed in this model). In the desiccative stress model, PS improved TBUT and fluorescein staining but had no effect on STT or tear osmolality. Conclusions: PS rapidly reversed almost all DED parameters in its three subtypes. The normalization of the suppressed corneal sensitivity suggests the possibility of marked symptomatic relief by PS. The hydrogel formulation allows once-daily dosing. PS merits further development as a potential treatment for DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Population, Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liqun Huang
- Department of Family, Population, Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Wenyi Li
- Department of Family, Population, Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - M Sait Saglam
- Department of Family, Population, Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Adam Master
- Department of Family, Population, Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Robert Honkanen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Population, Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Basil Rigas
- Department of Family, Population, Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Lasagni Vitar RM, Bonelli F, Rama P, Ferrari G. Immunity and pain in the eye: focus on the ocular surface. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 207:149-163. [PMID: 35020868 PMCID: PMC8982975 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most ocular diseases are associated with pain. While pain has been generally considered a mere (deleterious) additional symptom, it is now emerging that it is a key modulator of innate/adaptive immunity. Because the cornea receives the highest nerve density of the entire body, it is an ideal site to demonstrate interactions between pain and the immune response. Indeed, most neuropeptides involved in pain generation are also potent regulators of innate and adaptive leukocyte physiology. On the other hand, most inflammatory cells can modulate the generation of ocular pain through release of specific mediators (cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and lipid mediators). This review will discuss the reciprocal role(s) of ocular surface (and specifically: corneal) pain on the immune response of the eye. Finally, we will discuss the clinical implications of such reciprocal interactions in the context of highly prevalent corneal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Mayra Lasagni Vitar
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Bonelli
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rama
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy,Correspondence: Giulio Ferrari, Cornea and Ocular Surface Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. E-mail:
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Efficacy of Topical Hydrocortisone in Combination with Topical Ciclosporin A for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease in Patients with Sjögren Syndrome. J Ophthalmol 2021; 2021:7584370. [PMID: 34888098 PMCID: PMC8651369 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7584370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this randomized, observer-masked, parallel group study was to evaluate the short-term and long-term effects of topical hydrocortisone administered in addition to topical ciclosporin A for the first 2 weeks of the treatment in patients with dry eye disease associated with Sjögren syndrome. Materials and Methods 24 eyes of 12 patients with severe dry eye disease associated with Sjögren syndrome were included in this study. Both eyes of all patients were treated with preservative-free Ciclosporin A eye drops once daily for 6 months. Additionally, one eye of each patient received hydrocortisone eye drops three times daily for the first two weeks of treatment. The study parameters were assessed before treatment, after 2 weeks, and after 6 months of treatment. Results Tear BUT and corneal fluorescein Oxford staining grade showed significant differences with respect to the baseline when treated with ciclosporin A and hydrocortisone (CsA + Hc) and a nonsignificant increase when treated with ciclosporin A (CsA) alone. After 6 months of treatment, significant increases of tear BUT and corneal Fluorescein Oxford staining grade compared to baseline could be observed in both treatment groups. Aberrometry measurements showed significantly increased optical image quality after 6 months in the CsA + Hc group, while no significant changes could be detected in the eyes treated with CsA alone. However, no significant differences between the two treatment groups could be detected. Discussion. This study indicates that hydrocortisone combined with ciclosporin A therapy may provide fast improvement of clinical symptoms and could have long-term positive effects on the optical image quality in severe DED patients with Sjögren syndrome.
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Mullick R, Annavajjhala S, Thakur P, Mohapatra A, Shetty R, D'Souza S. Efficacy of topical cyclosporine 0.05% and osmoprotective lubricating eye drops in treating dry eye disease and inflammation. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:3473-3477. [PMID: 34826977 PMCID: PMC8837309 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3822_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effect of topical cyclosporine 0.05% and osmoprotective lubricating eye drops on patients with dry eye disease (DED) with inflammation as measured by raised tear matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9). Methods This prospective study included 106 eyes of 53 patients diagnosed with DED based on any of the following DED criteria (Ocular Surface Disease Index [OSDI] score >12, tear film breakup time [TBUT] <10 s, Schirmer's I test result <10 mm/5 min, ocular surface staining). Ocular surface inflammation was assessed by assessing MMP-9 positivity from tears of the patients in the study (Inflammadry kit Quidel corporation). Patients were prescribed osmoprotective lubricating eye drops (Osmodrops, Cipla Ltd) four times a day and cyclosporine A 0.05% eye drops (Imudrops, Cipla Ltd) twice a day for 6 months. Efficacy of the formulations was evaluated by OSDI scores, Schirmer's test, TBUT change, reduction in ocular surface staining, and reduction in MMP-9 levels after 6 months of usage. Check P value and add from results. Results After 6 months of topical therapy, improvement was observed in OSDI scores (mean pretreatment: 25.7 ± 12.8, and mean posttreatment: 15.2 ± 8.4), P < 0.001. There was also reduction number of patients who were MMP-9 positive. Out of 75 eyes that tested MMP-9 positive, 70.66% showed reduction in MMP-9 levels P < 0.0001). Ocular surface staining also improved. Conclusion Topical osmoprotective lubricating eye drops and cyclosporine A 0.05% reduce inflammation in cases of DED, which correlates with improvement in OSDI scores, ocular surface staining, and reduction in inflammation as measured by levels of tear MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Mullick
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sriram Annavajjhala
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashansa Thakur
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ayushi Mohapatra
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohit Shetty
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharon D'Souza
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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50
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Comparison of Two Experimental Mouse Dry Eye Models through Inflammatory Gene Set Enrichment Analysis Based on a Multiplexed Transcriptomic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910770. [PMID: 34639111 PMCID: PMC8509332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to explore the specific signaling pathways related to inflammation in two experimental mouse dry eye (EDE) models. Female C57BL/6 mice housed for 10 days in a controlled desiccative environment were either treated with scopolamine (EDE-1; n = 18) or subjected to extraorbital lacrimal gland excision bilaterally (EDE-2; n = 10). Non-induced mice (n = 20) served as healthy controls. A corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) scoring was used at baseline through to day (D) 10 to evaluate epitheliopathy. At D10, corneas and conjunctivas were collected for multiplexed transcriptomic analysis with the NanoString® mouse inflammatory CodeSet. Both EDE-1 and EDE-2 mice presented a change in corneal integrity, with a significant increase in CFS scores at D10. More gene transcripts were identified in EDE-2 compared with EDE-1 (116 vs. 96, respectively), and only a few were common to both models, 13 for the cornea and 6 for the conjunctiva. The gene functional annotation analysis revealed that the same inflammatory pathways were involved in both models. Comparative profiling of gene expression in the two EDE models leads to the identification of various targets and signaling pathways, which can be extrapolated to and confirmed in human disease.
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