1
|
Redondo B, Vera J, Molina R, Molina-Molina A, Jiménez R. Orbicularis oculi muscle activity during computer reading under different degrees of artificially-induced aniseikonia. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17293. [PMID: 38770099 PMCID: PMC11104340 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aniseikonia is a binocular vision disorder that has been associated with asthenopic symptoms. However, asthenopia has been evaluated with subjective tests that make difficult to determine the level of aniseikonia. This study aims to objectively evaluate the impact of induced aniseikonia at different levels on visual fatigue by measuring the orbicularis oculi muscle activity in the dominant and non-dominant eyes while performing a reading task. Methods Twenty-four collegiate students (24.00 ± 3.86 years) participated in this study. Participants read a passage for 7 minutes under four degrees of aniseikonia (0%, 3%, 5% and 10%) at 50 cm. Orbicularis oculi muscle activity of the dominant and non-dominant eye was recorded by surface electromyography. In addition, visual discomfort was assessed after each task by completing a questionnaire. Results Orbicularis oculi muscle activity increased under induced aniseikonia (i.e., greater values for the 10% condition in comparison to 0%, and 3% conditions (p = 0.034 and p = 0.023, respectively)). No statistically significant differences were observed in orbicularis oculi muscle activity for the time on task and between the dominant and non-dominant eyes. Additionally, higher levels of subjective visual discomfort were observed for lower degrees of induced aniseikonia. Conclusion Induced aniseikonia increases visual fatigue at high aniseikonia degrees as measured by the orbicularis oculi muscle activity, and at low degrees as measured with subjective questionnaires. These findings may be of relevance to better understand the visual symptomatology of aniseikonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Redondo
- Optics, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Granada, Spain
- New England College of Optometry, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jesus Vera
- Optics, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Granada, Spain
- New England College of Optometry, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Rubén Molina
- Optics, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro Molina-Molina
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kyung G, Park S. Curved Versus Flat Monitors: Interactive Effects of Display Curvature Radius and Display Size on Visual Search Performance and Visual Fatigue. HUMAN FACTORS 2021; 63:1182-1195. [PMID: 32374635 DOI: 10.1177/0018720820922717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine the interactive effects of display curvature radius and display size on visual search accuracy, visual search speed, and visual fatigue. BACKGROUND Although the advantages of curved displays have been reported, little is known about the interactive effects of display curvature radius and size. METHOD Twenty-seven individuals performed visual search tasks at a viewing distance of 50 cm using eight configurations involving four display curvature radii (400R, 600R, 1200R, and flat) and two display sizes (33″ and 50″). To simulate curved screens, five flat display panels were horizontally arranged with their centers concentrically repositioned following each display curvature radius. RESULTS For accuracy, speed, and fatigue, 33″-600R and 50″-600R provided the best or comparable-to-best results, whereas 50″-flat provided the worst results. For accuracy and fatigue, 33″-flat was the second worst. The changes in the horizontal field of view and viewing angle due to display curvature as well as the association between effective display curvature radii and empirical horopter (loci of perceived equidistance) can explain these results. CONCLUSION The interactive effects of display curvature radius and size were evident for visual search performance and fatigue. Beneficial effects of curved displays were maintained across 33″ and 50″, whereas increasing flat display size from 33″ to 50″ was detrimental. APPLICATION For visual search tasks at a viewing distance of 50 cm, 33″-600R and 50″ 600R displays are recommended, as opposed to 33″ and 50″ flat displays. Wide flat displays must be carefully considered for visual display terminal tasks.
Collapse
|
3
|
Akagi R, Tonotsuka M, Horie R, Hirata K, Ando S. Effect of acute eye fatigue on cognition for young females: a pilot study. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7978. [PMID: 31681520 PMCID: PMC6824331 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of people suffering from eye fatigue induced by visual display terminal (VDT) viewing is expected to increase in the modern world. Eye dysfunction is suggested to induce a decrease in cognitive function, at least in the long term. Furthermore, considering other previous findings, it may be reasonable to think that acute or relatively short-term eye dysfunction attenuates cognitive function for not only older but also young individuals. Hence, clarification of the effect of eye fatigue induced by VDT viewing on cognitive performance is essential in order to maintain and/or improve our quality of life in the modern world regardless of age. The present study investigated the effect of eye fatigue induced by 1-h VDT viewing on cognitive performance, to test the hypothesis that such eye fatigue impairs cognitive performance in young individuals. A total of 19 healthy female university students voluntarily participated in this study. Before and after the 1-h VDT viewing or resting, the degree of eye fatigue and cognitive performance were evaluated. Refractive error measurement was performed to assess the degree of eye fatigue using a binocular auto refractometer, and a memory recognition task and Go/NoGo task were used to estimate cognitive performance. Response accuracy and reaction time were evaluated in the two tasks. Due to difficulty in interpreting the data of refractive error for one participant from the perspective of eye fatigue, the data for 18 participants were used for further analysis. The refractive error was significantly lower after than before the VDT viewing, but a corresponding change was not found before and after resting. Regarding cognitive performance, only the reaction time in the memory recognition task varied with the VDT viewing or resting. The reaction time was significantly longer after than before resting, without a corresponding difference before and after the VDT viewing. Thus, the 1-h VDT viewing induced eye fatigue, but relatively improved rather than attenuated reaction time in the memory recognition task. These results suggest that the effect of the increase in arousal level induced by the present VDT viewing on memory recognition compensated for the negative effect of 1-h resting of the eyes. We conclude that the acute eye fatigue induced by the 1-h VDT viewing does not have detrimental effects on cognition in young females at least under the present conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Akagi
- College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan.,QOL Improvement and Life Science Consortium, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Miki Tonotsuka
- College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryota Horie
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan.,QOL Improvement and Life Science Consortium, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan.,College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hirata
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichi Ando
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
A Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Toric Versus Spherical Contact Lenses on Vision and Eyestrain. Eye Contact Lens 2018; 45:28-33. [PMID: 30562274 PMCID: PMC6319569 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effect of toric versus spherical soft contact lenses on objective measures of visual performance using visual acuity and electromyography of the orbicularis oculi muscle. METHODS Current soft contact lens wearers with -0.75 to -1.75 D astigmatism in each eye were binocularly fitted with toric (1-Day ACUVUE MOIST for astigmatism) and spherical (1-Day ACUVUE MOIST) contact lenses in random order. After each fitting and at 1-week follow-up, high- and low-contrast visual acuities were measured. Electromyography was used to objectively evaluate eyestrain. Linear mixed models were used to assess differences between toric and spherical contact lenses. RESULTS The mean age (±SD) of the 60 participants was 27.5±5.0 years, spherical refractive error was -3.68±2.01 D, and cylinder was -1.28±0.36 D. High- and low-contrast visual acuities with toric lenses were better than with spherical lenses at both fitting (toric high-contrast: -0.065±0.078 and low-contrast: 0.133±0.103 vs. spherical high-contrast: 0.001±0.104 and low-contrast: 0.224±0.107) and follow-up (toric high-contrast: -0.083±0.087 and low-contrast: 0.108±0.107 vs. spherical high-contrast: -0.015±0.095 and low-contrast: 0.211±0.104) (all P<0.0001). Electromyography-measured eyestrain was less with toric versus spherical contact lenses at fitting (least-square ratio of toric over spherical=0.72; P=0.0019) but not at follow-up (ratio=0.86; P=0.11). CONCLUSION These results suggest that toric contact lenses provided improved objective measures of vision in a low-to-moderate astigmatic population.
Collapse
|
5
|
Five levels of performance and two subscales identified in the computer-vision symptom scale (CVSS17) by Rasch, factor, and discriminant analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202173. [PMID: 30153272 PMCID: PMC6112632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify the levels of performance (symptom severity) of the computer-vision symptom scale (CVSS17), confirm its bifactorial structure as detected in an exploratory factor analysis, and validate its factors as subscales. METHODS By partial credit model (PCM), we estimated CVSS17 measures and the standard error for every possible raw score, and used these data to determine the number of different performance levels in the CVSS17. In addition, through discriminant analysis, we checked that the scale's two main factors could classify subjects according to these determined levels of performance. Finally, a separate Rasch analysis was performed for each CVSS17 factor to assess their measurement properties when used as isolated scales. RESULTS We identified 5.8 different levels of performance. Discriminant functions obtained from sample data indicated that the scale's main factors correctly classified 98.4% of the cases. The main factors: Internal symptom factor (ISF) and external symptom factor (ESF) showed good measurement properties and can be considered as subscales. CONCLUSION CVSS17 scores defined five different levels of performance. In addition, two main factors (ESF and ISF) were identified and these confirmed by discriminant analysis. These subscales served to assess either the visual or the ocular symptoms attributable to computer use.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mork R, Falkenberg HK, Fostervold KI, Thorud HMS. Visual and psychological stress during computer work in healthy, young females-physiological responses. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2018; 91:811-830. [PMID: 29850947 PMCID: PMC6132651 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-018-1324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Among computer workers, visual complaints, and neck pain are highly prevalent. This study explores how occupational simulated stressors during computer work, like glare and psychosocial stress, affect physiological responses in young females with normal vision. Methods The study was a within-subject laboratory experiment with a counterbalanced, repeated design. Forty-three females performed four 10-min computer-work sessions with different stress exposures: (1) minimal stress; (2) visual stress (direct glare); (3) psychological stress; and (4) combined visual and psychological stress. Muscle activity and muscle blood flow in trapezius, muscle blood flow in orbicularis oculi, heart rate, blood pressure, blink rate and postural angles were continuously recorded. Immediately after each computer-work session, fixation disparity was measured and a questionnaire regarding perceived workstation lighting and stress was completed. Results Exposure to direct glare resulted in increased trapezius muscle blood flow, increased blink rate, and forward bending of the head. Psychological stress induced a transient increase in trapezius muscle activity and a more forward-bent posture. Bending forward towards the computer screen was correlated with higher productivity (reading speed), indicating a concentration or stress response. Forward bent posture was also associated with changes in fixation disparity. Furthermore, during computer work per se, trapezius muscle activity and blood flow, orbicularis oculi muscle blood flow, and heart rate were increased compared to rest. Conclusions Exposure to glare and psychological stress during computer work were shown to influence the trapezius muscle, posture, and blink rate in young, healthy females with normal binocular vision, but in different ways. Accordingly, both visual and psychological factors must be taken into account when optimizing computer workstations to reduce physiological responses that may cause excessive eyestrain and musculoskeletal load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randi Mork
- Department of Public Health Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
- Department of Optometry, Radiography and Lighting Design, University of South-Eastern Norway, National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, P.O. Box 235, 3603, Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Helle K Falkenberg
- Department of Optometry, Radiography and Lighting Design, University of South-Eastern Norway, National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, P.O. Box 235, 3603, Kongsberg, Norway
| | | | - Hanne Mari S Thorud
- Department of Optometry, Radiography and Lighting Design, University of South-Eastern Norway, National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, P.O. Box 235, 3603, Kongsberg, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Park S, Choi D, Yi J, Lee S, Lee JE, Choi B, Lee S, Kyung G. Effects of display curvature, display zone, and task duration on legibility and visual fatigue during visual search task. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2017; 60:183-193. [PMID: 28166877 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of display curvature (400, 600, 1200 mm, and flat), display zone (5 zones), and task duration (15 and 30 min) on legibility and visual fatigue. Each participant completed two 15-min visual search task sets at each curvature setting. The 600-mm and 1200-mm settings yielded better results than the flat setting in terms of legibility and perceived visual fatigue. Relative to the corresponding centre zone, the outermost zones of the 1200-mm and flat settings showed a decrease of 8%-37% in legibility, whereas those of the flat setting showed an increase of 26%-45% in perceived visual fatigue. Across curvatures, legibility decreased by 2%-8%, whereas perceived visual fatigue increased by 22% during the second task set. The two task sets induced an increase of 102% in the eye complaint score and a decrease of 0.3 Hz in the critical fusion frequency, both of which indicated an increase in visual fatigue. In summary, a curvature of around 600 mm, central display zones, and frequent breaks are recommended to improve legibility and reduce visual fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungryul Park
- Department of Human Factors Engineering, UNIST, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Donghee Choi
- Department of Human Factors Engineering, UNIST, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihhyeon Yi
- Department of Human Factors Engineering, UNIST, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Songil Lee
- Department of Human Factors Engineering, UNIST, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ja Eun Lee
- Display R&D Center, Samsung Display Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-Do, Yongin 17113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byeonghwa Choi
- Display R&D Center, Samsung Display Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-Do, Yongin 17113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungbae Lee
- Display R&D Center, Samsung Display Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-Do, Yongin 17113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gyouhyung Kyung
- Department of Human Factors Engineering, UNIST, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Orbicularis oculi muscle tension and muscle blood flow have been shown to be objective measures of eyestrain during visually demanding activities, such as computer work. In line with this, positive associations between eye-related pain and muscle blood flow in orbicularis oculi have been observed. A hypothesis regarding work situations with cognitive tasks and low-level muscle activity, such as computer work, proposes that muscle pain originates from the blood vessel-nociceptor interactions of the connective tissue of the muscle. Noninvasive muscle blood flow measurements in the orbicularis oculi muscle are preferable to using an invasive technique. The aim of this study was to test reproducibility and stability of muscle blood recordings in orbicularis oculi using photoplethysmography. METHODS In the reproducibility tests, 12 subjects were tested twice within 1 to 5 weeks. To study the stability of the method, six of the subjects were randomly selected and tested four more times within 2 to 6 weeks. Test subjects were doing identical visually demanding computer work for 10 minutes in each test. RESULTS The short-term repeatability of muscle blood flow measurements was considered good, but the stability of blood flow recordings over time in orbicularis oculi was low because of a greater within-subject maximum variability compared with between-subject average variability. CONCLUSIONS Investigators should be aware of the effect of time, possibly attributed to confounding factors such as environmental changes and mental stress, when comparing photoplethysmography muscle blood flow recordings.
Collapse
|
9
|
Muravlyova KB, Kuzminova OI, Petrova SE, Skoraya MV, Bazanova OM. PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN IN DEPENDENCE ON THE OVARIOHORMONAL CYCLE PHASE AND PROGESTERONE ACTIVITY (PART 1). BULLETIN OF SIBERIAN MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2013-2-247-256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to identify the effects of menstrual cycle phase on the cognitive and psycho-emotional characteristics in 78 women aged 18–27 years were studied in a within-subject design Half the subjects began during their follicular phase and half began during their luteal phase (LP). The level of psycho-emotional tension was lowest, but cognitive performance efficiency is a highest in LP that is associated with the highest saliva progesterone level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. B. Muravlyova
- Research Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics, SB RAMS, Novosibirsk
| | | | - S. E. Petrova
- Research Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics, SB RAMS, Novosibirsk
| | - M. V. Skoraya
- Research Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics, SB RAMS, Novosibirsk
| | - O. M. Bazanova
- Research Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics, SB RAMS, Novosibirsk
| |
Collapse
|