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Ozgur E, Blanche PA, Bedrick EJ, Conway MD, Peyman GA, Peyghambarian NN. Accuracy of an objective binocular automated phoropter for providing spectacle prescriptions. Clin Exp Optom 2024; 107:698-703. [PMID: 37844333 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2023.2266498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Currently eye examinations are usually based on autorefraction followed by subjective refraction (SR) with a phoropter. An automated phoropter that can also perform autorefraction may facilitate the optometric workflow. BACKGROUND The efficiency and feasibility of an objective autorefraction and correction system are assessed by comparing objective refractive measurements with SR on the same subjects and evaluating the visual acuity (VA) values obtained after the objective refractive measurement and correction. METHODS Objective autorefraction and correction was performed on 41 subjects using an automated binocular phoropter system. The auto-phoropter performs autorefraction by wavefront measurement and corrects the spherical and cylindrical errors with tunable fluidic lenses while the patient looks at a visual display inside the instrument. The instrument outputs are optometric constants of spherical and cylindrical aberrations. After measurement and automated correction of the refractive errors, the VA values were assessed by having the subjects look at an integrated Snellen chart. The objective measurement results were statistically compared with their SR. RESULTS The correlations between SR and objective autorefraction and correction spherical equivalents (M) were 0.98 (0.97-0.99) and 0.96 (0.93-0.98), the vertical Jackson cross cylinder (J0) were 0.96 (0.92-0.98) and 0.95 (0.91-0.97), and the oblique Jackson cross cylinder (J45) were 0.73 (0.55-0.85) and 0.82 (0.69-0.90), for the right and left eyes, respectively, with the 95% confidence interval (CI) values in parentheses. 89.0% of the 82 eyes had at least 6/7.5 VA. CONCLUSIONS A significant agreement between the SR and objective autorefraction and correction was observed. An all-objective refractive assessment with instantaneous verification may improve the precision of eye prescriptions and possibly reduce the procedure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erol Ozgur
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Edward J Bedrick
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mandi D Conway
- College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Gholam A Peyman
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Wolffsohn JS, Berkow D, Chan KY, Chaurasiya SK, Fadel D, Haddad M, Imane T, Jones L, Sheppard AL, Vianya-Estopa M, Walsh K, Woods J, Zeri F, Morgan PB. BCLA CLEAR Presbyopia: Evaluation and diagnosis. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2024; 47:102156. [PMID: 38641525 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2024.102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
It is important to be able to measure the range of clear focus in clinical practice to advise on presbyopia correction techniques and to optimise the correction power. Both subjective and objective techniques are necessary: subjective techniques (such as patient reported outcome questionnaires and defocus curves) assess the impact of presbyopia on a patient and how the combination of residual objective accommodation and their natural DoF work for them; objective techniques (such as autorefraction, corneal topography and lens imaging) allow the clinician to understand how well a technique is working optically and whether it is the right choice or how adjustments can be made to optimise performance. Techniques to assess visual performance and adverse effects must be carefully conducted to gain a reliable end-point, considering the target size, contrast and illumination. Objective techniques are generally more reliable, can help to explain unexpected subjective results and imaging can be a powerful communication tool with patients. A clear diagnosis, excluding factors such as binocular vision issues or digital eye strain that can also cause similar symptoms, is critical for the patient to understand and adapt to presbyopia. Some corrective options are more permanent, such as implanted inlays / intraocular lenses or laser refractive surgery, so the optics can be trialled with contact lenses in advance (including differences between the eyes) to better communicate with the patient how the optics will work for them so they can make an informed choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Wolffsohn
- School of Optometry, Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - David Berkow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ka Yin Chan
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Suraj K Chaurasiya
- Department of Contact Lens and Anterior Segment, CL Gupta Eye Institute, Moradabad, India; Department of Optometry and Vision Science, CL Gupta Eye Institute, Moradabad, India
| | - Daddi Fadel
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Mera Haddad
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tarib Imane
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong; Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Amy L Sheppard
- School of Optometry, Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Vianya-Estopa
- Vision and Hearing Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Walsh
- CooperVision Inc., San Ramon, CA, United States
| | - Jill Woods
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Fabrizio Zeri
- School of Optometry, Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Materials Science, Milan, Italy
| | - Philip B Morgan
- Eurolens Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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Barcala X, Zaytouny A, Rego-Lorca D, Sanchez-Quiros J, Sanchez-Jean R, Martinez-de-la-Casa JM, Dorronsoro C, Marcos S. Visual simulations of presbyopic corrections through cataract opacification. J Cataract Refract Surg 2023; 49:34-43. [PMID: 35971215 PMCID: PMC9794132 DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000001040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the viability of visual simulation of presbyopic correction in patients with cataract and the effect and impact of the cataract on the perceived visual quality of the different simulated presbyopic corrections preoperatively and postoperatively. SETTING San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Madrid, Spain. DESIGN Observational, noninterventional, pilot study, early feasibility of the device being studied. METHODS Cataract patients were tested preoperatively (n = 24) and postoperatively (n = 15) after bilateral implantation of monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs). The degree of cataract was evaluated objectively with the objective scatter index (OSI). Visual acuity (VA) and perceived visual quality of natural scene images (Multifocal Acceptance Score) were measured before and after cataract surgery at far (4 m), intermediate (64 cm) and near distance (40 cm) with 4 binocular presbyopic corrections (single vision, bifocal, monovision and modified-monovision) simulated with a binocular Simultaneous Vision simulator based on temporal multiplexing. RESULTS VA was significantly correlated with OSI ( r = -0.71, P < .0005), although the visual degradation at far for each correction was constant and not correlated with OSI. The visual benefit at near distance provided by the presbyopic correction was noticeable (23.3% ± 27.6% across corrections) for OSI <5. The individual perceptual scores were highly correlated preoperatively vs postoperatively ( r = 0.64, P < .0005) for all corrections and distances. CONCLUSIONS Visual simulations of IOLs are an excellent tool to explore prospective postoperative vision. The high correlation in the perceptual scores pre- and post-cataract surgery demonstrates that SimVis Gekko can be used in cataractous patients to guide the selection of the optimal correction for a patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xoana Barcala
- From the Institute of Optics, Spanish National Research Council, IO-CSIC, Madrid, Spain (Barcala, Zaytouny, Dorronsoro, Marcos); 2EyesVision SL, Madrid, Spain (Barcala, Dorronsoro); Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain (Rego-Lorca, Sanchez-Quiros, Sanchez-Jean, Martinez-de-la-Casa); Center for Visual Science, The Institute of Optics, Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (Marcos)
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Chow A, Quan Y, Chui C, Itier RJ, Thompson B. Orienting of covert attention by neutral and emotional gaze cues appears to be unaffected by mild to moderate amblyopia. J Vis 2021; 21:5. [PMID: 34623398 PMCID: PMC8504194 DOI: 10.1167/jov.21.11.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amblyopia is a developmental disorder of vision associated with higher-order visual attention deficits. We explored whether amblyopia affects the orienting of covert spatial attention by measuring the magnitude of the gaze cueing effect from emotional faces. Gaze and emotion cues are key components of social attention. Participants with normal vision (n = 30), anisometropic (n = 7) or strabismic/mixed (n = 5) amblyopia performed a cued peripheral target detection task under monocular and binocular viewing conditions. The cue consisted of a centrally presented face with left or right gaze (50% validity to target location) and a fearful, happy, or neutral expression. The magnitude of spatial cueing was computed as the reaction time difference between congruent and incongruent trials for each expression. Fearful facial expressions oriented spatial attention significantly more than happy or neutral expressions. The magnitude of the gaze cueing effect in our cohort of mild-to-moderate amblyopia was comparable to that in normal vision and was not correlated with the severity of amblyopia. There were no statistical group or amblyopia subtype differences for reaction time in any viewing condition. These results place constraints on the range of attentional mechanisms affected by amblyopia and possibly suggest normal covert processing of emotional face stimuli in mild and moderate amblyopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Chow
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Yiwei Quan
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Celine Chui
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Roxane J Itier
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Benjamin Thompson
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, 17W Science Park, Hong Kong
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Piñero DP, Carracedo G, Ruiz‐fortes P, Pérez‐cambrodí RJ. Comparative analysis of the visual performance and aberrometric outcomes with a new hybrid and two silicone hydrogel multifocal contact lenses: a pilot study. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 98:451-8. [DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David P Piñero
- Department of Ophthalmology (Oftalmar), Medimar International Hospital, Alicante, Spain,
- Fundación para la Calidad Visual, Alicante, Spain,
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Spain,
| | - Gonzalo Carracedo
- Department of Optics II (Optometry and Vision), Complutense University of Madrid, Spain,
| | - Pedro Ruiz‐fortes
- Department of Ophthalmology (Oftalmar), Medimar International Hospital, Alicante, Spain,
- Fundación para la Calidad Visual, Alicante, Spain,
| | - Rafael J Pérez‐cambrodí
- Department of Ophthalmology (Oftalmar), Medimar International Hospital, Alicante, Spain,
- Fundación para la Calidad Visual, Alicante, Spain,
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Visual function, ocular surface integrity and symptomatology of a new extended depth-of-focus and a conventional multifocal contact lens. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2020; 44:101384. [PMID: 33243587 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate visual function, ocular surface integrity and dry eye symptoms with an extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) design and a conventional multifocal (MF) contact lens (CL) after 15 days of wear. METHODS A crossover single mask randomised clinical trial was conducted including 30 presbyopes who used an EDOF and a conventional MF CL (Biofinity MF) for 15 days each. Defocus curves, depth-of-focus range, contrast sensitivity (CS) under photopic and mesopic conditions (with and without glare) and subjective perception of halos and glare were evaluated. The ocular surface was evaluated through non-invasive Keratograph tear breakup time (NIKBUT), averaged tear breakup time (NIKBUT-avg), tear meniscus height (TMH), bulbar and limbal redness, and conjunctival and corneal staining. Dry eye symptoms were assessed with the OSDI questionnaire. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found for defocus curves or depth-of-focus between the two CLs (both p > 0.05). Subjective perception of halos and glare was not significantly different between CLs. Statistically significant differences were observed for CS under mesopic conditions for low spatial frequencies (p = 0.008). None of the CL produced significant changes in NIKBUT, NIKBUT-avg, TMH or redness. No change in conjunctival staining was observed in 76.7 % and 73.3 % of participants for EDOF and Biofinity MF, respectively. No change in corneal staining was observed in 86.7 % and 83.3 % of participants for EDOF and Biofinity MF, respectively. No changes were observed in the symptomatology measured with OSDI questionnaire (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both CL for presbyopia offer good visual quality, preserve the ocular surface integrity and provide the patient with similar symptomatology levels after 15 days of lens wear.
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Hoosen T, Mitha F, Narothan C, Ramcharan K, Zinyembe F, Gcabashe N, Rampersad N. Effect of induced blur on distance visual function. AFRICAN VISION AND EYE HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v79i1.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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8
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Kosovicheva A, Ferreira A, Vera-Diaz FA, Bex PJ. Effects of temporal frequency on binocular deficits in amblyopia. Vision Res 2019; 163:52-62. [PMID: 31404553 PMCID: PMC6726518 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amblyopia is associated with a range of well-known visual spatial deficits, which include reduced contrast sensitivity, spatial distortions, interocular suppression, and impaired stereopsis. Previous work has also pointed to deficits in processing dynamic visual information, but it is unknown whether these deficits influence performance under binocular conditions. We examined the effects of temporal modulation on contrast sensitivity and binocular interactions in a preliminary study of 8 adults with amblyopia and 14 normally-sighted control subjects. For each observer, we measured interocular balance and stereopsis thresholds with binocular flicker across a range of four temporal (0, 4, 7.5, and 12 Hz) and spatial (1, 2, 4, and 8 cpd) frequencies. Interocular balance was estimated by varying the relative contrast of dichoptic letter pairs to produce perceptual reports of each letter with equal frequency, and stereopsis thresholds were measured by determining the minimum disparity at which subjects identified a front-depth target with 75% accuracy. Consistent with previous findings, we observed greater interocular imbalance and impaired stereoacuity at high spatial frequencies in amblyopes. In contrast, the effects of temporal frequency on performance were smaller: across both groups, interocular imbalance was largest at mid-to-low temporal frequencies, and stereopsis thresholds were unaffected by temporal frequency. Our results suggest that there may be a previously unreported effect of temporal frequency on interocular balance, as well as a possible dissociation between the effects of flicker on interocular balance and stereopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kosovicheva
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, 125 Nightingale Hall, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Adriana Ferreira
- New England College of Optometry, 424 Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Peter J Bex
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, 125 Nightingale Hall, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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9
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García-Pérez MA. Psychophysical Tests Do Not Identify Ocular Dominance Consistently. Iperception 2019; 10:2041669519841397. [PMID: 31069044 PMCID: PMC6492369 DOI: 10.1177/2041669519841397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical sighting or sensory tests are used in clinical practice to identify the dominant eye. Several psychophysical tests were recently proposed to quantify the magnitude of dominance but whether their results agree was never investigated. We addressed this question for the two most common psychophysical tests: The perceived-phase test, which measures the cyclopean appearance of dichoptically presented sinusoids of different phase, and the coherence-threshold test, which measures interocular differences in motion perception when signal and noise stimuli are presented dichoptically. We also checked for agreement with three classical tests (Worth 4-dot, Randot suppression, and Bagolini lenses). Psychophysical tests were administered in their conventional form and also using more dependable psychophysical methods. The results showed weak correlations between psychophysical measures of strength of dominance with inconsistent identification of the dominant eye across tests: Agreement on left-eye dominance, right-eye dominance, or nondominance by both tests occurred only for 11 of 40 observers (27.5%); the remaining 29 observers were classified differently by each test, including 14 cases (35%) of opposite classification (left-eye dominance by one test and right-eye dominance by the other). Classical tests also yielded conflicting results that did not agree well with classification based on psychophysical tests. The results are discussed in the context of determination of ocular dominance for clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. García-Pérez
- Departamento de Metodología, Facultad de Psicología,
Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Bossi M, Hamm LM, Dahlmann-Noor A, Dakin SC. A comparison of tests for quantifying sensory eye dominance. Vision Res 2018; 153:60-69. [PMID: 30292725 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinicians rely heavily on stereoacuity to measure binocular visual function, but stereo-vision represents only one aspect of binocularity. Lab-based tests of sensory eye dominance (SED) are commonplace, but have not been translated to wider clinical practice. Here we compare several methods of quantifying SED in a format suitable for clinical use. We tested 30 participants with ostensibly normal vision on eight tests. Seven tests (#1-7) were designed to quantify SED in the form of an interocular balance-point (BP). In tests #1-6, we estimated a contrast-BP, the interocular difference in contrast required for observers to be equally likely to base their judgement on either eye, whereas in test #7 we measured binocular rivalry (interocular ratio of sensory dominance duration). We compare test-retest reliability (intra-observer consistency) and test-validity (inter-observer discriminatory power) and compare BP to stereoacuity (test #8). The test that best preserved inter-observer differences in contrast balance while maintaining good test-retest reliability was a polarity judgement using superimposed opposite-contrast polarity same-identity optotypes. A reliable and valid measure of SED can be obtained rapidly (20 trials) using a simple contrast-polarity judgement. Tests that use polarity-rivalrous stimuli elicit more reliable judgments than those that do not. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Although sensory eye dominance is central to understanding normal and disordered binocular vision, there is currently no consensus as to the best way to measure it. Here we compare several candidate measures of sensory eye dominance and conclude that a reliable measure of SED can be achieved rapidly using a judgement of stimulus contrast-polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Bossi
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath St, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Lisa M Hamm
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Annegret Dahlmann-Noor
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath St, London EC1V 9EL, UK; Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Steven C Dakin
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath St, London EC1V 9EL, UK; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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11
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Vera-Diaz FA, Bex PJ, Ferreira A, Kosovicheva A. Binocular temporal visual processing in myopia. J Vis 2018; 18:17. [PMID: 30372727 PMCID: PMC6205559 DOI: 10.1167/18.11.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our ability to utilize binocular visual information depends on the visibility of the retinal images in each eye, which varies with both their spatial and temporal frequency content. Although the effects of spatial information on binocular function have been established, the effects of temporal frequency on binocularity are less well understood. These factors may also vary with refractive error if spatiotemporal sensitivity is affected by structural changes during the emmetropization process that may differentially affect distinct ganglion cells. In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated the potential effects of temporal and spatial frequency on binocularity in young individuals with emmetropia or myopia. Stereopsis and binocular balance were measured as a function of temporal (0-12 Hz) and spatial (1-8 c/deg) frequency. Stereopsis thresholds were measured by determining the minimum disparity at which subjects accurately identified the depth of bandpass-filtered rings. Binocular balance was measured by determining the relative contrast at which subjects reported dichoptic bandpass-filtered letters with equal frequency. Stereopsis thresholds were temporal but not spatial frequency dependent whereas binocular balance was spatial and temporal frequency dependent. There were no differences in monocular spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity between refractive groups in our sample. However, individuals with myopia showed reduced stereopsis with flickering stimuli and greater binocular imbalance at higher spatial and lower temporal frequencies compared to emmetropes. Differences in binocular vision between emmetropia and corrected myopia depend on temporal as well as spatial frequency and may be the cause or consequence of abnormal emmetropization during visual development.
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12
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No evidence for dorsal-stream-based priming under continuous flash suppression. Conscious Cogn 2018; 64:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Pérez-Prados R, Piñero DP, Pérez-Cambrodí RJ, Madrid-Costa D. Soft multifocal simultaneous image contact lenses: a review. Clin Exp Optom 2016; 100:107-127. [PMID: 27800638 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft multifocal simultaneous image contact lenses have boomed in recent years due to the growing number of presbyopic patients demanding visual solutions, allowing them to maintain their current standard of living. The concept of 'simultaneous image' is based on blur interpretation and/or blur tolerance of superimposed multiple images on the retina formed by various powers of a contact lens. This is the basis for a specific type of multifocal contact lens developed for the compensation of presbyopia. Manufacturers have released a great variety of soft simultaneous image lens designs to meet different patient needs but their fitting is still unsatisfactory in some cases. Some presbyopes discontinue wearing contact lenses due to some limitations in visual quality and comfort that can be overcome with an appropriate contact lens selection based on a comprehensive pre-fitting evaluation. This paper aims to review the different types of soft multifocal contact lenses that are currently available for presbyopic correction and to define the steps and factors crucial for their fitting, such as pupil, aberrations, accommodation and centring. A discussion about useful tools to achieve a customised fitting leading to a successful outcome, such as the defocus curve, power profile and questionnaires, is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roque Pérez-Prados
- Centro Óptico Benalúa, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - David P Piñero
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Ophthalmology (Oftalmar), Medimar International Hospital, Alicante, Spain.,Foundation for the Visual Quality (FUNCAVIS, Fundación para la Calidad Visual), Alicante, Spain
| | - Rafael J Pérez-Cambrodí
- Department of Ophthalmology (Oftalmar), Medimar International Hospital, Alicante, Spain.,Foundation for the Visual Quality (FUNCAVIS, Fundación para la Calidad Visual), Alicante, Spain
| | - David Madrid-Costa
- Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Sivardeen A, Laughton D, Wolffsohn JS. Investigating the utility of clinical assessments to predict success with presbyopic contact lens correction. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2016; 39:322-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the performance of four commercially available silicone hydrogel multifocal monthly contact lens designs against monovision. METHODS A double-masked randomized crossover trial of Air Optix Aqua multifocal, PureVision 2 for Presbyopia, Acuvue OASYS for Presbyopia, Biofinity multifocal, and monovision with Biofinity contact lenses was conducted on 35 presbyopes (54.3 ± 6.2 years). After 4 weeks of wear, visual performance was quantified by high- and low-contrast visual acuity under photopic and mesopic conditions, reading speed, defocus curves, stereopsis, halometry, aberrometry, Near Activity Visual Questionnaire rating, and subjective quality of vision scoring. Bulbar, limbal, and palpebral hyperemia and corneal staining were graded to monitor the impact of each contact lens on ocular physiology. RESULTS High-contrast photopic visual acuity (p = 0.102), reading speed (F = 1.082, p = 0.368), and aberrometry (F = 0.855, p = 0.493) were not significantly different between presbyopic lens options. Defocus curve profiles (p < 0.001), stereopsis (p < 0.001), halometry (F = 4.101, p = 0.004), Near Activity Visual Questionnaire (F = 3.730, p = 0.007), quality of vision (p = 0.002), bulbar hyperemia (p = 0.020), and palpebral hyperemia (p = 0.012) differed significantly between lens types, with the Biofinity multifocal lens design principal (center-distance lens was fitted to the dominant eye and a center-near lens to the nondominant eye) typically outperforming the other lenses. CONCLUSIONS Although ocular aberration variation between individuals largely masks the differences in optics between current multifocal contact lens designs, certain design strategies can outperform monovision, even in early presbyopes.
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