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Liu J, Peng Y, Zhang J, Long J, Liu J, Wei W. Targeting SCF E3 Ligases for Cancer Therapies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1217:123-146. [PMID: 31898226 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1025-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SKP1-cullin-1-F-box-protein (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex is responsible for the degradation of proteins in a strictly regulated manner, through which it exerts pivotal roles in regulating various key cellular processes including cell cycle and division, apoptosis, and differentiation. The substrate specificity of the SCF complex largely depends on the distinct F-box proteins, which function in either tumor promotion or suppression or in a context-dependent manner. Among the 69 F-box proteins identified in human genome, FBW7, SKP2, and β-TRCP have been extensively investigated among various types of cancer in respective of their roles in cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Moreover, several specific inhibitors have been developed to target those E3 ligases, and their efficiency in tumors has been determined. In this review, we provide a summary of the roles of SCF E3 ligases in cancer development, as well as the potential application of miRNA or specific inhibitors for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunhua Peng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Lin H, Ruan GY, Sun XQ, Chen XY, Zheng X, Sun PM. Effects of RNAi-induced Skp2 inhibition on cell cycle, apoptosis and proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3441-3450. [PMID: 30988723 PMCID: PMC6447788 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of S-phase kinase associated protein 2 (Skp2) gene inhibition by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) on the cell cycle, apoptosis and proliferation of endometrial carcinoma HEC-1-A cells. A lentivirus shRNA vector targeting Skp2 was constructed and transfected into HEC-1-A cells. HEC-1-A cells transfected with a scramble sequence were used as negative controls. The mRNA and protein expression of Skp2, p27, cyclin D1 and caspase-3 were detected via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The effects of Skp2 inhibition on the cell cycle, apoptosis and proliferation of HEC-1-A cells were detected using flow cytometry and a cell counting kit-8. Skp2 co-expression data was analyzed using Oncomine and TCGA databases. The positive recombinant viral clones were identified via PCR and confirmed via sequencing. The mRNA and protein expression of Skp2 were significantly decreased in HEC-1-A cells transfected with the lentiviral vectors compared with the negative control. In addition, there were no significant changes in the mRNA expression of p27 and cyclin D1; however, the protein levels of p27 and cyclin D1 were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in HEC-1-A cells transfected with lentiviral vectors compared with negative controls. RNAi-induced Skp2 inhibition exerted an anti-proliferative effect by inducing cell cycle arrest, however cell apoptosis was not significantly affected. In the TCGA database, Skp2 expression positively associated with IGF2R, IGF2BP3, IGFBP1 and CCNF, while Skp2 expression negatively associated with IGF2, IGFBP6, IGFBP7 and IGFBP3. RNAi-induced Skp2 inhibition upregulated the protein expression of p27 and downregulated the protein expression of cyclin D1. The expression of Skp2 in endometrial cancer may therefore be regulated by the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Yu Ruan
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qi Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ying Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Ming Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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Ahn MY, Yoon JH. Histone deacetylase 7 silencing induces apoptosis and autophagy in salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 46:276-283. [PMID: 28178760 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overexpression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) has been observed in many cancers, and inhibition of specific HDACs has emerged as a new target for cancer therapy. We found that HDAC7 expression was selectively reduced by HDAC inhibitor apicidin in salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) cells. Here, we show that HDAC7 suppression has a potent antitumor effect in MEC cells. METHODS Histone deacetylases7 was knocked down using HDAC7 siRNAs, and cell proliferation was quantified. Cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and autophagy were measured by flow cytometry and immunoblotting. RESULTS Histone deacetylases 7 siRNAs inhibited cell proliferation and c-Myc expression, increased p27 expression, and caused G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in both YD-15 and Mc3 cells. HDAC7 silencing increased the sub-G1 population, Annexin V positive apoptotic cells and cleaved caspase3 levels. HDAC7 silencing induced an increase in autophagic markers, number of acidic vesicular organelles, and LC3B II levels, and decrease in p62 levels. HDAC7 siRNAs reduced the activation of ERK. HDAC7 knockdown resulted in growth inhibition through G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and induced both apoptosis and autophagy in MEC cells. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that inhibition of HDAC7 might become a novel and effective therapeutic approach for treating to MEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Young Ahn
- Division of Bio-industry, Major in Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Yoon
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Wonkwang Bone Regeneration Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Korea
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YU HYUNJU, SHIN JIAE, LEE SYNGOOK, KWON KIHAN, CHO SUNGDAE. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibition is required for methanol extract of Smilax china L.-induced apoptosis through death receptor 5 in human oral mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:663-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Akrish S, Ben-Izhak O, Peled M. P27/SKP-2 histochemical profile is relevant to malignant salivary gland tumors (MST) histogenesis and tumor grade. Head Neck Pathol 2011; 6:157-65. [PMID: 22094872 PMCID: PMC3370029 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-011-0309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malignant salivary gland tumors (MST) represent over more than 24 distinct morphological subtypes. Most high grade tumors arise from the excretory duct portion of the salivary gland apparatus; the remainder from the intercalated duct portion. Altered p27/skp-2 expression has been associated with tumor aggressiveness and histologic differentiation. In our study, we analyzed p27/skp-2 expression proteins on series of malignant salivary gland tumors in order to assess their value as a histogenetic marker, which is relevant to tumor grade. 61 MST cases were segregated by proposed histogenesis and immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies directed against p27 and skp-2. MST of proposed intercalated duct origin (n=27) showed strong p27 expression (n=25/27; 93%) in the vast majority of cases and all cases weakly expressed skp-2. MST of proposed excretory duct origin (n=32) showed strong p27 expression (n=18/32; 56%) and moderately strong/strong skp-2 expression (n=18/32; 56%), respectively, in over half the cases. MST of intercalated duct origin showed evident p27/skp-2 inverse correlation. Differences in p27/skp-2 expression among the MST subtypes correlated with histogenesis and tumor grade, which reinforces the notion that tumor behavior is relevant to the portion of the salivary gland unit from which they arise. MST of proposed intercalated duct origin strongly expressed p27, and not skp-2, unlike MST of proposed excretory duct origin. The immunohistochemical profile of high grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma was distinct from its low/intermediate grade counterparts, suggesting a separate identity. These results may influence future decision making when formulating workable MST categorization schemes. Further studies on a larger series of MST are warranted in order to support the value of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Akrish
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, 6 Ha’Aliya Street, P.O. Box 9602, 31096 Haifa, Israel ,Department of Pathology, Rambam Medical Center, 6 Ha’Aliya Street, P.O. Box 9602, 31096 Haifa, Israel ,Technion-Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 9649, 31096 Haifa, Israel ,P.O. Box 4306, 38900 Caesarea, Israel
| | - Ofer Ben-Izhak
- Department of Pathology, Rambam Medical Center, 6 Ha’Aliya Street, P.O. Box 9602, 31096 Haifa, Israel ,Technion-Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 9649, 31096 Haifa, Israel
| | - Micha Peled
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, 6 Ha’Aliya Street, P.O. Box 9602, 31096 Haifa, Israel ,Technion-Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 9649, 31096 Haifa, Israel
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SMAD4 protein expression and cell proliferation in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Virchows Arch 2011; 459:511-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-011-1152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Stenner M, Demgensky A, Molls C, Hardt A, Luers JC, Grosheva M, Huebbers CU, Klussmann JP. Prognostic value of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in parotid gland cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 269:1225-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-011-1740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Miyabe S, Okabe M, Nagatsuka H, Hasegawa Y, Inagaki A, Ijichi K, Nagai N, Eimoto T, Yokoi M, Shimozato K, Inagaki H. Prognostic Significance of p27Kip1, Ki-67, and CRTC1-MAML2 Fusion Transcript in Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: A Molecular and Clinicopathologic Study of 101 Cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 67:1432-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2009.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 03/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abstract
We examined Ki67 expression in salivary malignancies of 75 patients with a follow-up period of up to 20 years. Correlations between enhanced Ki67 and enhanced p53 and TUNEL and heparanase staining levels were significant. Median survival for reduced-stained-tumor patients (< or = 5%) was 163 months, dropping significantly to 39 months (p = 0.0005) for enhanced stained tumors (> 5%); 5 year survival probability was 93% and 33%, respectively, 45% and 16%, respectively, (p = 0.0005) at 20 years. Significant correlation between poor survival and concurrently altered expression rates of Ki67 and p53, p27 Skp2, TUNEL and heparanase in the salivary malignancies indicates a biological role in salivary cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Ben-Izhak
- Department of Pathology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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Tirado Y, Williams MD, Hanna EY, Kaye FJ, Batsakis JG, El-Naggar AK. CRTC1/MAML2 fusion transcript in high grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas of salivary and thyroid glands and Warthin's tumors: implications for histogenesis and biologic behavior. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2007; 46:708-15. [PMID: 17437281 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed 55 primary salivary gland tumors including 22 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs) to determine the association of MECT1/TORC1/CRTC1-MAML2 fusion transcript to tumor types, level of MEC differentiation and clinicopathologic parameters. Our primary salivary gland tumors were composed of 22 MECs, 11 Warthin's tumors, 10 adenoid cystic carcinomas, two basaloid carcinomas, five salivary duct carcinomas, and five adenocarcinomas, not otherwise specified. We also included, for the first time, three primary MECs of the thyroid gland. We used nested RT-PCR and subsequent sequencing techniques for detection and verification of the fusion transcript in fresh and archival specimens. Eighteen (81%) of the 22 primary salivary and one of the three thyroid glands with MEC were positive for the fusion transcript. The transcript was detected equally in low, intermediate and high grade as well as low and high stage MECs. Significant correlation between fusion negative tumors and distant metastasis was noted (P = 0.005). Four (36%) of the 11 Warthin's tumors were also positive for the transcript. None of the 22 primary non-MEC gland salivary carcinomas were positive for the transcript. We conclude that the CRTC1/MAML2 transcript may be detected in both low and high grade MEC, that fusion negative tumors may define a subset of biologically aggressive MEC's tumors, that the fusion is present in primary MECs of the thyroid gland and is also detectable in Warthin's tumor, and that a subset of MECs can be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamilet Tirado
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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