1
|
Role of p53 in Regulating Radiation Responses. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12071099. [PMID: 35888186 PMCID: PMC9319710 DOI: 10.3390/life12071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
p53 is known as the guardian of the genome and plays various roles in DNA damage and cancer suppression. The p53 gene was found to express multiple p53 splice variants (isoforms) in a physiological, tissue-dependent manner. The various genes that up- and down-regulated p53 are involved in cell viability, senescence, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Moreover, p53 affects the radioadaptive response. Given that several studies have already been published on p53, this review presents its role in the response to gamma irradiation by interacting with MDM2, NF-κB, and miRNA, as well as in the inflammation processes, senescence, carcinogenesis, and radiation adaptive responses. Finally, the potential of p53 as a biomarker is discussed.
Collapse
|
2
|
Toprani SM, Kelkar Mane V. A short review on DNA damage and repair effects in lip cancer. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2021; 14:267-274. [PMID: 33626329 DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing trend in oral cancer (0.6% per year) and its related mortality has been reported worldwide since 2010. The United States alone reports an increase of 57% within the past 10 years. This emphasizes the need not only for designing strategies of prevention and planning but also for an effective treatment regime for the various oral cancers. Cancers of the lips, tongue, cheeks, floor of the mouth, and hard palate have been primarily classified under the category of oral cancers. If left undiagnosed, these cancers can be life threatening. Amongst these, the most undesignated and understudied cancer type is the lip carcinoma, which is either categorized under oral cancer or/as well as skin cancer or head and neck cancer. However, lip cancer corresponds to 25-30% of all diagnosed oral cancers. Though the etiology of lip cancer is not yet fully understood, numerous risk factors involved in its development are now being studied. The cells in the lip region are continuously exposed to various DNA damaging agents from endogenous as well as exogenous sources. Flaws in DNA repair mechanisms involved in eliminating these damages may be linked to the origin of carcinogenesis. Accumulation of DNA damage and defect in repair mechanisms may play a role in lip carcinogenesis and progression. This literature review is an exhaustive compilation of the research work performed on the role of DNA damage and repair responses in lip carcinoma which will pave a path for researchers to identify predictive DNA repair biomarker/s for lip cancer, and its diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneh M Toprani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India; John B Little Center of Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Varsha Kelkar Mane
- John B Little Center of Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Neto Pimentel DR, Montosa Nunes E, Termini L, Almeida Lima Nunes R, Mendoza Lopez RV, Ferreira S, Boccardo E, Mann Prado JC, Enokihara MMSS, Sichero L, Tomimori J. Detection of human papillomaviruses and human polyomaviruses in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent individuals with actinic cheilitis: a case series. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:e461-e464. [PMID: 31281986 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D R Neto Pimentel
- Department of Dermatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Montosa Nunes
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Termini
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Almeida Lima Nunes
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R V Mendoza Lopez
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Ferreira
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Boccardo
- Departament of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - J C Mann Prado
- Departament of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M M S S Enokihara
- Department of Pathology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Sichero
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Tomimori
- Department of Dermatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chrun ES, Modolo F, Vieira D, Borges-Júnior Á, Castro RG, Daniel FI. Immunoexpression of HDAC1, HDAC2, and HAT1 in actinic cheilitis and lip squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2017; 23:505-510. [PMID: 28107582 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetylation and deacetylation are the most studied covalent histone modifications resulting in transcriptional regulation with histone deacetylases (HDAC) and histone acetyltransferases (HAT) as the main associated enzymes. These enzymes overexpression induces abnormal transcription of key genes that regulate important cellular functions, such as proliferation, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. Thus, the expression of different HATs and HDACs has been evaluated in various cancers. OBJECTIVE To investigate HDAC1, HDAC2 and HAT1 expression in lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and actinic cheilitis (AC) and to demonstrate their correlation with DNA metyltransferases (DNMTs). MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty cases of lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), thirty cases of actinic cheilitis (AC), and 28 cases of non-neoplastic epithelium as control were selected for immunohistochemical investigation. RESULTS Nuclear HDAC2 immunopositivity was significantly higher in AC (75.07% ± 29.70) when compared with LSCC (51.06% ± 39.02). HDAC1 and HAT1 nuclear immunostaining were higher in AC, with no statistical significance. When comparing data with our previous study, we found a positive correlation between HDAC1 X DNMT1/DNMT3b, HDAC2 X DNMT3b, and HAT1 X DNMT1/DNMT3b for certain studied groups. CONCLUSION This study showed higher levels of nuclear HDAC2 immunopositivity in AC, possibly indicating that this enzyme plays a key role in lip photocarcinogenesis early stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E S Chrun
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - F Modolo
- Pathology Department and Dentistry Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Dsc Vieira
- Pathology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Áls Borges-Júnior
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - R G Castro
- Dentistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - F I Daniel
- Pathology Department and Dentistry Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Correlation between cell cycle proteins and hMSH2 in actinic cheilitis and lip cancer. Arch Dermatol Res 2016; 308:165-71. [PMID: 26842232 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-016-1625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate and verify the relationship between the immunoexpression of hMSH2, p53 and p21 in actinic cheilitis (AC) and lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases. Forty AC and 40 SCC cases were submitted to immunoperoxidase method and quantitatively analyzed. Expression was compared by Mann-Whitney test, Student t test or one-way ANOVA. To correlate the variables, Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated. The expression of p53 and p21 showed no significant differences between histopathological grades of AC or lower lip SCC (p > 0.05). Immunoexpression of p53 was higher in SCC than in AC (p < 0.001), while p21 expression was more observed in AC when compared to SCC group (p = 0.006). The AC group revealed an inverse correlation between p53 and hMSH2 expression (r = -0.30, p = 0.006). Alterations in p53 and p21 expression suggest that these proteins are involved in lower lip carcinogenesis. Moreover, p53 and hMSH2 seem to be interrelated in early events of this process.
Collapse
|
6
|
Study of MDM2 and SUMO-1 expression in actinic cheilitis and lip cancer. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 306:837-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
7
|
de Oliveira DHIP, de Sousa Lopes MLD, de Santana Sarmento DJ, Queiroz LMG, da Costa Miguel MC, da Silveira EJD. Relationship between the epithelial expression of hMLH1, MDM2, and p63 and lower lip carcinogenesis. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 43:357-63. [PMID: 24329813 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relationship between the epithelial expression of hMLH1, MDM2, and p63 in lower lip carcinogenesis, comparing the immunostaining of these proteins in cases of actinic cheilitis (AC) and lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). STUDY DESIGN Forty cases of AC and 40 cases of SCC were studied, both lesions were of lower lip. Histological sections of 3 μm were submitted to immunoperoxidase method, and 1000 cells were counted for immunohistochemical analysis of lesions. The results were analyzed quantitatively, and expression was compared by the Mann-Whitney, Student t-test, or one-way ANOVA, adopting a level of significance of 5%. RESULTS A higher percentage of epithelial cells expressing hMLH1 was observed in cases of AC without dysplasia or mild dysplasia (721.23 ± 88.116), whereas fewer positive cells were observed in lower lip SSCs (255.03 ± 199.47) when compared to the AC group (P < 0.001). Immunoexpression of MDM2 was higher in SCCs of the lower lip compared with AC (P = 0.019). For p63 protein, the expression was higher in AC than in SCC (P = 0.045). CONCLUSION The present results showed changes in the immunoexpression of hMLH1, MDM2, and p63 in epithelial cells from premalignant and malignant lip disease, supporting the hypothesis that these alterations are related to the process of lower lip carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Darling MR, McCord C, Jackson-Boeters L, Copete M. Markers of potential malignancy in chronic hyperplastic candidiasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 3:176-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1626.2012.00120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
9
|
Jadotte YT, Schwartz RA. Solar cheilosis: An ominous precursor. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 66:173-84; quiz 185-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
10
|
Vieira RAMAR, Minicucci EM, Marques MEA, Marques SA. Actinic cheilitis and squamous cell carcinoma of the lip: clinical, histopathological and immunogenetic aspects. An Bras Dermatol 2012; 87:105-14. [DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962012000100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinic cheilitis is the main precancerous lesion of the lip. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip is reported together with oral carcinomas in the Brazilian official statistics. Overall, they account for 40% of the head and neck carcinomas. In general, physicians and dentists know little about what causes oral tumor development and progression. Tumor suppressor genes and cell proliferation regulatory proteins play a role in the progression of actinic cheilitis to squamous cell carcinoma and in its biological behavior. Knowledge on prognostic and diagnostic markers has a positive impact on the follow-up of these patients.
Collapse
|
11
|
Martínez A, Spencer M, Borlando J, Flores M, Rojas I. E-cadherin and c-Met expression in actinic cheilits and lip squamous cell carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0718-5391(11)70079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
12
|
Rojas IG, Boza YV, Spencer ML, Flores M, Martínez A. Increased fibroblast density in actinic cheilitis: association with tryptase-positive mast cells, actinic elastosis and epithelial p53 and COX-2 expression. J Oral Pathol Med 2011; 41:27-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2011.01057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
13
|
Xavier FCA, Takiya CM, Reis SRA, Ramalho LMP. p63 Immunoexpression in lip carcinogenesis. J Mol Histol 2009; 40:131-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-009-9223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
de Freitas MDCA, Ramalho LMP, Xavier FCA, Moreira ALG, Reis SRA. p53 and MDM2 protein expression in actinic cheilitis. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 16:414-9. [PMID: 19082401 PMCID: PMC4327713 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572008000600011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinic cheilitis is a potentially malignant lip lesion caused by excessive and prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation, which can lead to histomorphological alterations indicative of abnormal cell differentiation. In this pathology, varying degrees of epithelial dysplasia may be found. There are few published studies regarding the p53 and MDM2 proteins in actinic cheilitis. Fifty-eight cases diagnosed with actinic cheilitis were histologically evaluated using Banóczy and Csiba (1976) parameters, and were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis using the streptavidin-biotin method in order to assess p53 and MDM2 protein expression. All studied cases expressed p53 proteins in basal and suprabasal layers. In the basal layer, the nuclei testing positive for p53 were stained intensely, while in the suprabasal layer, cells with slightly stained nuclei were predominant. All cases also tested positive for the MDM2 protein, but with varying degrees of nuclear expression and a predominance of slightly stained cells. A statistically significant correlation between the percentage of p53 and MDM2-positive cells was established, regardless of the degree of epithelial dysplasia. The expression of p53 and MDM2 proteins in actinic cheilitis can be an important indicator in lip carcinogenesis, regardless of the degree of epithelial dysplasia.
Collapse
|
15
|
Xavier FCA, Rodini CO, Ramalho LMP, Mantesso A, Nunes FD. WNT-5A, but not matrix metalloproteinase 3 or beta-catenin protein, expression is related to early stages of lip carcinogenesis. J Oral Pathol Med 2009; 38:708-15. [PMID: 19473452 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2009.00756.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncogenic Wnt/beta-catenin signaling occurs in numerous types of cancers, but little is known about the role of the Wnt protein family member, WNT-5A, in lip carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate WNT-5A, beta-catenin, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 protein expression in actinic cheilitis (AC), and lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). METHODS Twenty-one cases of AC, and fifty-one cases of LSCC were analyzed, with normal lip mucosa used as a control. Qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses of WNT-5A, beta-catenin, and MMP-3 immunostaining pattern and cellular distribution were performed. RESULTS WNT-5A was observed in more than 50% of the cells, scattered in all layers of AC, in contrast to the absence of immunostaining in normal lip mucosa. AC presented a higher level of WNT-5A expression than LSCC (P = 0.0289, Fisher test), while MMP-3 immunoexpression was statistically more significant in LSCC than in AC (P = 0.0285, Fisher test). Immunolabeling of beta-catenin protein was differentially distributed between samples; the majority of AC cases (61.90%) demonstrated a membranous-cytoplasmic pattern, while a considerable number of LSCC cases (29.41%) revealed a cytoplasmic pattern, instead of the usual membranous pattern. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that WNT-5A may be an important marker during initial events of AC malignant transformation, in which non-canonical and canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways could be involved. Additionally, WNT-5A might recruit other events in LSCC, such as MMP-3 protein synthesis, as its presence is increased in established malignant processes without beta-catenin dependency.
Collapse
|