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Frydryk Benitez DN, Palmieri MA, Langle YV, Monti Hughes A, Pozzi ECC, Thorp SI, Garabalino MA, Curotto P, Ramos PS, Paparella ML, Polti L, Eiján A, Schwint AE, Trivillin VA. Therapeutic Efficacy, Radiotoxicity and Abscopal Effect of BNCT at the RA-3 Nuclear Reactor Employing Oligo-Fucoidan and Glutamine as Adjuvants in an Ectopic Colon Cancer Model in Rats. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1538. [PMID: 37511913 PMCID: PMC10381875 DOI: 10.3390/life13071538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is based on the preferential uptake of 10B compounds by tumors, followed by neutron irradiation. The aim of this study was to assess, in an ectopic colon cancer model, the therapeutic efficacy, radiotoxicity, abscopal effect and systemic immune response associated with (BPA/Borophenylalanine+GB-10/Decahydrodecaborate)-BNCT (Comb-BNCT) alone or in combination with Oligo-Fucoidan (O-Fuco) or Glutamine (GLN), compared to the "standard" BPA-BNCT protocol usually employed in clinical trials. All treatments were carried out at the RA-3 nuclear reactor. Boron biodistribution studies showed therapeutic values above 20 ppm 10B in tumors. At 7 weeks post-treatment, the ratio of tumor volume post-/pre-BNCT was significantly smaller for all BNCT groups vs. SHAM (p < 0.05). The parameter "incidence of tumors that underwent a reduction to ≤50% of initial tumor volume" exhibited values of 62% for Comb-BNCT alone, 82% for Comb-BNCT+GLN, 73% for Comb-BNCT+O-Fuco and only 30% for BPA-BNCT. For BPA-BNCT, the incidence of severe dermatitis was 100%, whereas it was significantly below 70% (p ≤ 0.05) for Comb-BNCT, Comb-BNCT+O-Fuco and Comb-BNCT+GLN. Considering tumors outside the treatment area, 77% of Comb-BNCT animals had a tumor volume lower than 50 mm3 vs. 30% for SHAM (p ≤ 0.005), suggesting an abscopal effect of Comb-BNCT. Inhibition of metastatic spread to lymph nodes was observed in all Comb-BNCT groups. Considering systemic aspects, CD8+ was elevated for Comb-BNCT+GLN vs. SHAM (p ≤ 0.01), and NK was elevated for Comb-BNCT vs. SHAM (p ≤ 0.05). Comb-BNCT improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced radiotoxicity compared to BPA-BNCT and induced an immune response and an abscopal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora N Frydryk Benitez
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Av. General Paz 1499, San Martin, Buenos Aires C1650KNA, Argentina
| | - Mónica A Palmieri
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Av. Int. Güiraldes 2160, 4 Piso, Pab. II, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Yanina V Langle
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo (IOAHR), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. S. Martín 5481, Área de Investigación, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DTB, Argentina
| | - Andrea Monti Hughes
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Av. General Paz 1499, San Martin, Buenos Aires C1650KNA, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Emiliano C C Pozzi
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Av. General Paz 1499, San Martin, Buenos Aires C1650KNA, Argentina
| | - Silvia I Thorp
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Av. General Paz 1499, San Martin, Buenos Aires C1650KNA, Argentina
| | - Marcela A Garabalino
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Av. General Paz 1499, San Martin, Buenos Aires C1650KNA, Argentina
| | - Paula Curotto
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Av. General Paz 1499, San Martin, Buenos Aires C1650KNA, Argentina
| | - Paula S Ramos
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Av. General Paz 1499, San Martin, Buenos Aires C1650KNA, Argentina
| | - María L Paparella
- Facultad Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), M.T. de Alvear 2142, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1122AAH, Argentina
| | - Lucas Polti
- Facultad Odontología, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), M.T. de Alvear 2142, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1122AAH, Argentina
| | - Ana Eiján
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo (IOAHR), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. S. Martín 5481, Área de Investigación, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1417DTB, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Amanda E Schwint
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Av. General Paz 1499, San Martin, Buenos Aires C1650KNA, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Verónica A Trivillin
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Av. General Paz 1499, San Martin, Buenos Aires C1650KNA, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
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Free TJ, Tucker RW, Simonson KM, Smith SA, Lindgren CM, Pitt WG, Bundy BC. Engineering At-Home Dilution and Filtration Methods to Enable Paper-Based Colorimetric Biosensing in Human Blood with Cell-Free Protein Synthesis. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:104. [PMID: 36671942 PMCID: PMC9855769 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic blood tests can guide the administration of healthcare to save and improve lives. Most clinical biosensing blood tests require a trained technician and specialized equipment to process samples and interpret results, which greatly limits test accessibility. Colorimetric paper-based diagnostics have an equipment-free readout, but raw blood obscures a colorimetric response which has motivated diverse efforts to develop blood sample processing techniques. This work uses inexpensive readily-available materials to engineer user-friendly dilution and filtration methods for blood sample collection and processing to enable a proof-of-concept colorimetric biosensor that is responsive to glutamine in 50 µL blood drop samples in less than 30 min. Paper-based user-friendly blood sample collection and processing combined with CFPS biosensing technology represents important progress towards the development of at-home biosensors that could be broadly applicable to personalized healthcare.
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Anderson PM, Thomas SM, Sartoski S, Scott JG, Sobilo K, Bewley S, Salvador LK, Salazar-Abshire M. Strategies to Mitigate Chemotherapy and Radiation Toxicities That Affect Eating. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124397. [PMID: 34959948 PMCID: PMC8706251 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer and its therapy is commonly associated with a variety of side effects that impact eating behaviors that reduce nutritional intake. This review will outline potential causes of chemotherapy and radiation damage as well as approaches for the amelioration of the side effects of cancer during therapy. Methods: Information for clinicians, patients, and their caregivers about toxicity mitigation including nausea reduction, damage to epithelial structures such as skin and mucosa, organ toxicity, and education is reviewed. Results: How to anticipate, reduce, and prevent some toxicities encountered during chemotherapy and radiation is detailed with the goal to improve eating behaviors. Strategies for health care professionals, caregivers, and patients to consider include (a) the reduction in nausea and vomiting, (b) decreasing damage to the mucosa, (c) avoiding a catabolic state and muscle wasting (sarcopenia), and (d) developing therapeutic alliances with patients, caregivers, and oncologists. Conclusions: Although the reduction of side effects involves anticipatory guidance and proactive team effort (e.g., forward observation, electronic interactions, patient reported outcomes), toxicity reduction can be satisfying for not only the patient, but everyone involved in cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Anderson
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Cleveland Clinic Children’s, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.M.T.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (S.B.)
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +216-445-7140 or +216-308-2706
| | - Stefanie M. Thomas
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Cleveland Clinic Children’s, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.M.T.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (S.B.)
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Shauna Sartoski
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Cleveland Clinic Children’s, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.M.T.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (S.B.)
- Department of Nursing, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jacob G. Scott
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kaitlin Sobilo
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Cleveland Clinic Children’s, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.M.T.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (S.B.)
- Department of Nursing, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Sara Bewley
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Cleveland Clinic Children’s, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.M.T.); (S.S.); (K.S.); (S.B.)
- Peds Nutritional Services, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Laura K. Salvador
- Department of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.K.S.); (M.S.-A.)
| | - Maritza Salazar-Abshire
- Department of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.K.S.); (M.S.-A.)
- Department of Nursing Education, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Integrated tissue proteome and metabolome reveal key elements and regulatory pathways in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Proteomics 2021; 247:104320. [PMID: 34237460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is a widespread malignancy but has a very low long-term survival rate for patients at the metastatic stage. Therefore, it is urgent to identify prognostic biomarkers for CSCC and improve our understanding of disease progression. Here we took advantage of a data-independent acquisition (DIA)-based nano liquid chromatography equipped with an orbitrap mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) and ultraperformance LC coupled to a time-of-flight tandem MS (UPLC-TOF-MS/MS) technique to analyze cancer and corresponding noncancerous tissues from 20 CSCC patients for integrated proteomic and metabolomic analyses. Overall, 6241 tissue proteins were detected, while 136 proteins were significantly expressed in CSCC tissues. Further functional analysis revealed that various biological processes were highly enriched and participated in the pathogenesis of CSCC, especially DNA damage responses. Moreover, 641 named metabolites in total were identified, among which 181 were significantly changed in CSCC tissues. A total of 101 pathways were significantly enriched including apoptosis, autophagy, PI3K-Akt and mTOR signaling pathways. Interestingly, two pathways, protein digestion & absorption and platelet activation were both enriched in proteomic and metabolomic studies involving 5 proteins and 11 metabolites. Accordingly, a four-metabolite panel consisting of arachidonate, glutamine, glutamic acid, and proline (all area under the curve (AUC) values more than 0.9) was developed with a high accuracy (0.971) to distinguish the 20 detected cancer tissues from their noncancerous tissues. Collectively, our work highlighted the key elements and regulatory pathways involved in the pathogenesis of CSCC. More importantly, the present study not only provided potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of CSCC, but also expanded our knowledge of the physiopathology of the disease. SIGNIFICANCE: CSCC is the second most common human cancer but has few treatment options and few sensitive biomarkers for diagnosis. Here we comprehensively revealed its molecular characteristics by performing integrated tissue proteomic and metabolomic analyses. Significantly distinct profiles and certain enriched pathways including DNA damage responses were identified as associated with CSCC. Moreover, protein digestion & absorption and platelet activation were both enriched in the proteome and metabolome. These identified molecular changes probably play significant roles in CSCC development. Finally, we developed a four-metabolite panel to distinguish CSCC with high accuracy. Overall, our data not only provided potential diagnostic biomarkers, but also extended knowledge on the pathogenesis of CSCC.
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Li LB, Fang TY, Xu WJ. Oral glutamine inhibits tumor growth of gastric cancer bearing mice by improving immune function and activating apoptosis pathway. Tissue Cell 2021; 71:101508. [PMID: 33609891 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. It has been shown that exogenous glutamine (GLN) can inhibit the growth of tumor in vivo, but the relationship between GLN and gastric cancer has not been studied. The gastric cancer bearing mouse model was constructed and taken GLN orally at the same time, and the results found that oral GLN (1 or 2 g/kg/d) significantly inhibited the growth rate of tumor and reduce the weight of tumor tissues. Immunohistochemistry showed that oral GLN significantly reduced the PCNA index, which further proved that GLN could inhibit the growth of tumor cells. At the same time, TUNEL assay showed that oral GLN significantly enhanced the apoptosis levels of tumor cells. In addition, GLN reduced GSH levels in tumor tissues, but increased the levels of GSH in plasma, improved the T-lymphocyte transformation rate and NK cell activity, significantly inhibited the secretion of TNF-α and promoted the secretion of IL-2, thus regulating the immune function in vivo. Further detection of apoptosis pathway showed that oral GLN significantly enhanced the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bad and inhibited the expression of Bcl-2. Meanwhile, GLN significantly increased the activities of Caspase-3, Caspase-8, caspase-9 and PARP. GSH activator NAC had a similar effect to GLN, which could improve the immune function and activate apoptosis pathway, while GSH inhibitor BSO significantly blocked the regulation of GLN, destroyed the immune balance and inhibited apoptosis, but IL-2 significantly blocked the anti-apoptotic effect of BSO. Therefore, oral GLN can improve immune function and activate apoptosis pathway through GSH, and then inhibit the growth of tumor in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Tai-Yong Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Wen-Ji Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China.
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Anderson PM, Lalla RV. Glutamine for Amelioration of Radiation and Chemotherapy Associated Mucositis during Cancer Therapy. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061675. [PMID: 32512833 PMCID: PMC7352314 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamine is a major dietary amino acid that is both a fuel and nitrogen donor for healing tissues damaged by chemotherapy and radiation. Evidence supports the benefit of oral (enteral) glutamine to reduce symptoms and improve and/or maintain quality of life of cancer patients. Benefits include not only better nutrition, but also decreased mucosal damage (mucositis, stomatitis, pharyngitis, esophagitis, and enteritis). Glutamine supplementation in a high protein diet (10 grams/day) + disaccharides, such as sucrose and/or trehalose, is a combination that increases glutamine uptake by mucosal cells. This increased topical effect can reduce painful mucosal symptoms and ulceration associated with chemotherapy and radiation in the head and neck region, esophagus, stomach and small intestine. Topical and oral glutamine seem to be the preferred routes for this amino acid to promote mucosal healing during and after cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Anderson
- Cleveland Clinic Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Pediatric Institute and Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-308-2706
| | - Rajesh V. Lalla
- UConn Health, School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030 USA;
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Todorova VK, Siegel ER, Kaufmann Y, Kumarapeli A, Owen A, Wei JY, Makhoul I, Klimberg VS. Dantrolene Attenuates Cardiotoxicity of Doxorubicin Without Reducing its Antitumor Efficacy in a Breast Cancer Model. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:471-480. [PMID: 31918212 PMCID: PMC7031101 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of calcium homeostasis is a major mechanism of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. Treatment with DOX causes activation of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) ryanodine receptor (RYR) and rapid release of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm resulting in depression of myocardial function. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of dantrolene (DNT) a RYR blocker on both the cardiotoxicity and antitumor activity of DOX in a rat model of breast cancer. Female F344 rats with implanted MAT B III breast cancer cells were randomized to receive intraperitoneal DOX twice per week (12 mg/kg total dose), 5 mg/kg/day oral DNT or a combination of DOX + DNT for 3 weeks. Echocardiography and blood troponin I levels were used to measure myocardial injury. Hearts and tumors were evaluated for histopathological alterations. Blood glutathione was assessed as a measure of oxidative stress. The results showed that DNT improved DOX-induced alterations in the echocardiographic parameters by 50%. Histopathologic analysis of hearts showed reduced DOX induced cardiotoxicity in the group treated with DOX + DNT as shown by reduced interstitial edema, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and myofibrillar disruption, compared with DOX-only–treated hearts. Rats treated with DNT lost less body weight, had higher blood GSH levels and lower troponin I levels than DOX-treated rats. These data indicate that DNT is able to provide protection against DOX cardiotoxicity without reducing its antitumor activity. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal dosing of DNT and DOX in a tumor-bearing host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina K Todorova
- Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA.
| | - Eric R Siegel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Yihong Kaufmann
- Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Asangi Kumarapeli
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Aaron Owen
- Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Jeanne Y Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Issam Makhoul
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - V Suzanne Klimberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
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Abstract
Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) recovery rapidly occurring at 14 days after start of chemotherapy for osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma is a good prognostic factor. Conversely, lymphopenia is associated with significantly decreased sarcoma survival. Clearly, the immune system can contribute towards better survival from sarcoma. This chapter will describe treatment and host factors that influence immune function and how effective local control and systemic interventions of sarcoma therapy can cause inflammation and/or immune suppression but are currently the standard of care. Preclinical and clinical efforts to enhance immune function against sarcoma will be reviewed. Interventions to enhance immune function against sarcoma have included regional therapy (surgery, cryoablation, radiofrequency ablation, electroporation, and radiotherapy), cytokines, macrophage activators (mifamurtide), vaccines, natural killer (NK) cells, T cell receptor (TCR) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, and efforts to decrease inflammation. The latter is particularly important because of new knowledge about factors influencing expression of checkpoint inhibitory molecules, PD1 and CTLA-4, in the tumor microenvironment. Since these molecules can now be blocked using anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, how to translate this knowledge into more effective immune therapies in the future as well as how to augment effectiveness of current interventions (e.g., radiotherapy) is a challenge. Barriers to implementing this knowledge include cost of agents that release immune checkpoint blockade and coordination of cost-effective outpatient sarcoma treatment. Information on how to research clinical trial eligibility criteria and how to access current immune therapy trials against sarcoma are shared, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Anderson
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Cleveland Clinic S20, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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Hamdy SM, Sayed ON, Abdel Latif AKM, Abdel-Aziz AM, Amin AM. Hesperidin and tiger nut reduced carcinogenicity of DMBA in female rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:718-724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Chen J, Chen Y, Vail G, Chow H, Zhang Y, Louie L, Li J, Hart RP, Plummer MR, Herrup K. The impact of glutamine supplementation on the symptoms of ataxia-telangiectasia: a preclinical assessment. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:60. [PMID: 27538496 PMCID: PMC4991002 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggested that glutamine broadly improves cellular readiness to respond to stress and acts as a neuroprotectant both in vitro and in AD mouse models. We now expand our studies to a second neurodegenerative disease, ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). Unlike AD, where clinically significant cognitive decline does not typically occur before age 65, A-T symptoms appear in early childhood and are caused exclusively by mutations in the ATM (A-T mutated) gene. RESULTS Genetically ATM-deficient mice and wild type littermates were maintained with or without 4 % glutamine in their drinking water for several weeks. In ATM mutants, glutamine supplementation restored serum glutamine and glucose levels and reduced body weight loss. Lost neurophysiological function assessed through the magnitude of hippocampal long term potentiation was significantly restored. Glutamine supplemented mice also showed reduced thymus pathology and, remarkably, a full one-third extension of lifespan. In vitro assays revealed that ATM-deficient cells are more sensitive to glutamine deprivation, while supra-molar glutamine (8 mM) partially rescued the reduction of BDNF expression and HDAC4 nuclear translocation of genetically mutant Atm(-/-) neurons. Analysis of microarray data suggested that glutamine metabolism is significantly altered in human A-T brains as well. CONCLUSION Glutamine is a powerful part of an organism's internal environment. Changes in its concentrations can have a huge impact on the function of all organ systems, especially the brain. Glutamine supplementation thus bears consideration as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human A-T and perhaps other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Graham Vail
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Heiman Chow
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yang Zhang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lauren Louie
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ronald P Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Mark R Plummer
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Karl Herrup
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Kim MH, Kim H. Oncogenes and tumor suppressors regulate glutamine metabolism in cancer cells. J Cancer Prev 2014; 18:221-6. [PMID: 25337549 PMCID: PMC4189465 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2013.18.3.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Several hallmarks of cancer cells are their display of metabolic changes and enhanced proliferation. Highly proliferating cells utilize glutamine as a source of nitrogen, and therefore, one of the commonly seen metabolic changes is increased glutaminolysis, or glutamine catabolism. In addition, glutamine is an important anaplerotic source by which cells support the pools of TCA cycle intermediates in Myc-expressing cancer cells. Glutamine is converted to aspartate, which forms oxaloacetate, malate, and pyruvate. These conversions increase the NADPH/NADP(+) ratio and maintain redox balance, which supports proliferation in K-ras-expressing cells. Therefore, glutamine is important for cancer cell proliferation and survival. On the other hand, glutamine stimulates the activation of the tumor suppressor p53, which induces apoptosis and tumor regression. The tumor suppressor SIRT4 inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase, which converts glutamic acid to α-ketoglutarate, an intermediate in the TCA cycle. Overall, the expression levels of oncogenes and tumor suppressors are critical to determine whether glutamine supports or suppresses proliferation and survival of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hyun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Seyfried TN, Flores RE, Poff AM, D'Agostino DP. Cancer as a metabolic disease: implications for novel therapeutics. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:515-27. [PMID: 24343361 PMCID: PMC3941741 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that cancer is primarily a metabolic disease involving disturbances in energy production through respiration and fermentation. The genomic instability observed in tumor cells and all other recognized hallmarks of cancer are considered downstream epiphenomena of the initial disturbance of cellular energy metabolism. The disturbances in tumor cell energy metabolism can be linked to abnormalities in the structure and function of the mitochondria. When viewed as a mitochondrial metabolic disease, the evolutionary theory of Lamarck can better explain cancer progression than can the evolutionary theory of Darwin. Cancer growth and progression can be managed following a whole body transition from fermentable metabolites, primarily glucose and glutamine, to respiratory metabolites, primarily ketone bodies. As each individual is a unique metabolic entity, personalization of metabolic therapy as a broad-based cancer treatment strategy will require fine-tuning to match the therapy to an individual’s unique physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Seyfried
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA and
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Vinothkumar V, Manoharan S. Chemopreventive efficacy of geraniol against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Redox Rep 2011; 16:91-100. [PMID: 21801490 DOI: 10.1179/174329211x13020951739839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The status of lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, and detoxification enzymes were used as biochemical end points to assess the chemopreventive potential of geraniol, a monoterpene, in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. Topical application of 0.5% DMBA in liquid paraffin, three times a week, for 14 weeks developed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma in the buccal pouch of golden Syrian hamsters. Although 100% tumor formation was noticed in hamsters treated with DMBA alone, intragastric administration of geraniol, at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) to DMBA-treated hamster completely prevented the formation of oral tumors. Furthermore, geraniol significantly reduced lipid peroxidation by-products and improved the status of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants as well as modulated the status of phase I and phase II detoxification enzymes, favoring the excretion of carcinogenic metabolite, during DMBA-induced oral carcinogenesis. The present study concludes that the chemopreventive potential of geraniol relies on its anti-lipid peroxidative and antioxidant function as well as modulatory effects on phase I and II detoxification enzymes to excrete the carcinogenic metabolite, during DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.
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Saha P, Arthur S, Kekuda R, Sundaram U. Na-glutamine co-transporters B(0)AT1 in villus and SN2 in crypts are differentially altered in chronically inflamed rabbit intestine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1818:434-42. [PMID: 22100603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine is a major nutrient utilized by the intestinal epithelium and is primarily assimilated via Na-glutamine co-transport (NGcT) on the brush border membrane (BBM) of enterocytes. Recently we reported that B(0)AT1 (SLC6A19) mediates glutamine absorption in villus while SN2 (SLC38A5) does the same in crypt cells. However, how B(0)AT1 and SN2 are affected during intestinal inflammation is unknown. In the present study it was shown that during chronic enteritis NGcT was inhibited in villus cells, however, it was stimulated in crypt cells. Our studies also demonstrated that the mechanism of inhibition of NGcT during chronic enteritis was secondary to a reduction in the number of B(0)AT1 co-transporters in the villus cell BBM without a change in the affinity of the co-transporter. In contrast, stimulation of NGcT in crypt cells was secondary to an increase in the affinity of SN2 for glutamine without an alteration in the number of co-transporters. Thus, glutamine assimilation which occurs via distinct transporters in crypt and villus cells is altered in the chronically inflamed intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosenjit Saha
- West Virginia University Health Science Centre, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Shelton LM, Huysentruyt LC, Seyfried TN. Glutamine targeting inhibits systemic metastasis in the VM-M3 murine tumor model. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:2478-85. [PMID: 20473919 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Current therapeutic options consist of chemotherapy, radiation or targeted therapies. However, these therapies are often toxic, effective over a small range of cancer types or result in drug resistance. Therefore, a more global, less toxic strategy for the management of metastatic cancer is required. Although most cancers display increased glucose metabolism, glutamine is also a major energy substrate for many cancers. We evaluated the antimetastatic potential of 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), a glutamine analog, using the new VM mouse model of systemic metastasis. We found that primary tumor growth was ∼20-fold less in DON-treated mice than in untreated control mice. We also found that DON treatment inhibited metastasis to liver, lung and kidney as detected by bioluminescence imaging and histology. Our findings provide proof of concept that metabolic therapies targeting glutamine metabolism can manage systemic metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Shelton
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
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Total parenteral nutrition in children and adolescents treated with high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic transplants. Br J Nutr 2009; 103:899-906. [DOI: 10.1017/s000711450999242x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is still of great importance for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients because one of the major adverse effects of the high-dose therapy followed by HSCT is an inadequate oral nutrition intake. The aim of the study was analysis of TPN of young patients in the HSCT period. Twenty-two patients 1·8–20·8 year-old, median 5·4, treated with high-dose therapy and autologous HSCT because of malignancy were included into the study. Grafts contained 1·35–7·9 × 106, median 3·75 × 106CD34+ cells/kg. Engraftment occurred as follows: granulocytes >0·5 × 109/l on +11 d (8–25); platelets >20 × 109/l on +23 d (12–67). Patients were given isoenergetic, isonitrogenous TPN until they consumed less than 50 % of their required diet orally. Proteins intake was 0·8–2·0 g/kg per d, fats intake 1·0–3·0 g/kg per d. Total non-proteins energies–nitrogen grams index was 140:1–200:1. Supplementation of electrolytes, microelements, trace elements and vitamins was dependent on individual patient requirement. TPN duration did not correlate with CD34+cells number but correlated with platelets reconstitution. The assessment of nutritional condition demonstrated no differences in anthropometric parameters, but increase of serum albumin levels after TPN. Requirement for P3 − was above the normal ranges and correlated positively with platelets reconstitution. Requirement for P3 − and K+was higher in patients with mucositis than in other patients. Any complications due to TPN were observed. Adequately composed isoenergetic and isonitrogenous TPN with replacement of electrolytes according to their requirement in the early post-transplantation period allows not only improvement in nutritional status of patients but also could contribute to reconstitution of haematopoiesis.
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Belabed L, Darmon P, Pichard C. Dichotomic actions of glutamine in host versus tumour: an emerging concept. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2009; 12:372-7. [PMID: 19465847 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e32832ad886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Malignancy is characterized by a systemic deficiency of glutamine (GLN). The debate over whether GLN supplementation should be standard of cancer patients is still topical. This review focuses on recent findings on the effect of GLN administration on the incidence and severity of adverse effects in host due to radiotherapy or chemotherapy or both and on its putative adjuvant role on cytotoxicity of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on tumour. RECENT FINDINGS Animal and human studies have reported that high-dose GLN supplementation could prevent gastrointestinal tract injury after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Animal studies are suggesting that GLN could actually decrease tumour growth by upregulating the immune system and through a regulation of the redox status associated to the metabolism of glutathione. GLN could enhance the selectivity of antitumour drugs by protecting normal tissues from chemotherapy and by sensitizing tumour cells to chemotherapy. SUMMARY Recent studies have shown that GLN could have dichotomic actions in host versus in tumour, probably in link with glutathione metabolism, suggesting that GLN could be used in clinical practice to increase the therapeutic index of oncological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Belabed
- Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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