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Deng J, Wang Y, Zhang S, Chen L. A novel long noncoding RNA located on the antisense strand of MAL promotes the invasion and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 155:105790. [PMID: 37597476 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the role of the long non-coding RNA-AC103563.8 (lncRNA) in promoting oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development and to conduct preliminary research on its mechanism. DESIGN Microarray technology were used to screen out a lncRNA significantly upregulated in OSCC. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to analyze the position of lncRNA-AC103563.8 in cells. A Cal-27 cell line with knockout of the lncRNA-AC103563.8 gene was constructed. Transwell assay and tumor xenograft experiment was used to determine the metastasis and invasion of the cell. Detection of mutations in genes encoding myelin and lymphocyte proteins (MAL) by pyrosequencing. Identification of RNA-Binding Proteins by Mass Spectrometry (ChIRP-MS) experiments were carried out to enrich the proteins that directly bind to lncRNA-AC103563.8. Bioinformatics was used to analyze the target proteins. Some of the selected proteins were verified by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) to confirm their binding to lncRNA-AC103563.8. RESULTS lncRNA-AC103563.8 is upregulated in OSCC tissue and the presence of lncRNA-AC103563.8 in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. lncRNA-AC103563.8 promoted OSCC cell invasion and metastasis. Methylation occurs in MAL gene promoter. ChIRP-MS identified 330 proteins binding to lncRNA-AC103563.8, and bioinformatics analysis showed that they were involved in a variety of biological processes. PRM experiments confirmed some protein directly bound to lncRNA-AC103563.8. CONCLUSION lncRNA-AC103563.8 is a functional lncRNA that promotes OSCC development by acting on MAL or interacting with other tumor-related proteins. This study also indicates that this lncRNA may exert regulatory functions in OSCC and is a potential target for OSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqun Wang
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Kumar K, Hallikeri K, Oli A, Goni M, Jain A, Poyya J, Shilpasree AS, Javaregowda PK. Quantitative analysis of lncRNA in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Biotechniques 2023; 75:133-142. [PMID: 37589188 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2023-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The study evaluated expression profiles of few regulatory lncRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal mucosa adjacent to oral cancer using paired fresh frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues stored at a different duration of time (1-5 years) using real-time quantitative PCR. The quantity and quality of total RNA isolated from FFPE tissues was less compared with that of fresh frozen tissues, which resulted in a noncorrelation of quantification cycle values. Following normalization, the expression of lncRNAs in the paired tissues did not differ significantly. The differential expression of the lncRNAs in the study was consistent with The Cancer Genome Atlas head and neck squamous cell carcinoma database. The study findings demonstrate the possibility of performing accurate quantitative analysis of lncRNAs using short amplicons and standardized real-time quantitative PCR assays in oral squamous cell carcinoma FFPE samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital (a constituent unit of Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University), Dharwad, Karnataka State, 580009, India
| | - Kaveri Hallikeri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital (a constituent unit of Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University), Dharwad, Karnataka State, 580009, India
| | - Ajaykumar Oli
- Department of Biomedical Science, SDM Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (a constituent unit of Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University), Dharwad, Karnataka State, 580009, India
| | - Mallikarjun Goni
- Department of Biomedical Science, SDM Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (a constituent unit of Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University), Dharwad, Karnataka State, 580009, India
| | - Apoorva Jain
- Department of Biomedical Science, SDM Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (a constituent unit of Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University), Dharwad, Karnataka State, 580009, India
| | - Jagadeesha Poyya
- Department of Biomedical Science, SDM Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (a constituent unit of Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University), Dharwad, Karnataka State, 580009, India
| | - Alagilavada S Shilpasree
- Department of Biochemistry, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital (a constituent unit of Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University), Dharwad, Karnataka State, 580009, India
| | - Palaksha Kanive Javaregowda
- Department of Biomedical Science, SDM Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (a constituent unit of Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University), Dharwad, Karnataka State, 580009, India
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Masrour M, Khanmohammadi S, Fallahtafti P, Rezaei N. Long non-coding RNA as a potential diagnostic biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291921. [PMID: 37733767 PMCID: PMC10513217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a group of malignancies arising from the epithelium of the head and neck. Despite efforts in treatment, results have remained unsatisfactory, and the death rate is high. Early diagnosis of HNSCC has clinical importance due to its high rates of invasion and metastasis. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of lncRNAs in HNSCC patients. METHODS PubMed, ISI, SCOPUS, and EMBASE were searched for original publications published till April 2023 using MeSH terms and free keywords "long non-coding RNA" and "head and neck squamous cell carcinoma" and their expansions. The Reitsma bivariate random effect model pooled diagnostic test performance for studies that reported specificity and sensitivity; diagnostic AUC values from all trials were meta-analyzed using the random effects model with the inverse variance method. RESULTS The initial database search yielded 3209 articles, and 25 studies met our criteria. The cumulative sensitivity and specificity for lncRNAs in the diagnosis of HNSCC were 0.74 (95%CI: 0.68-0.7 (and 0.79 (95%CI: 0.74-0.83), respectively. The pooled AUC value for all specimen types was found to be 0.83. Using the inverse variance method, 71 individual lncRNAs yielded a pooled AUC of 0.77 (95%CI: 0.74-0.79). Five studies reported on the diagnostic accuracy of the MALAT1 lncRNA with a pooled AUC value of 0.83 (95%CI: 0.73-0.94). CONCLUSIONS LncRNAs could be used as diagnostic biomarkers for HNSCC, but further investigation is needed to validate clinical efficacy and elucidate mechanisms. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics should be used to ascertain expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Masrour
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Circulating Long Non-Coding RNAs Could Be the Potential Prognostic Biomarker for Liquid Biopsy for the Clinical Management of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225590. [PMID: 36428681 PMCID: PMC9688117 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) have little or no coding potential. These transcripts are longer than 200 nucleotides. Since lncRNAs are master regulators of almost all biological processes, recent evidence proves that aberrantly expressed lncRNAs are pathogenic for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and other diseases. LncRNAs influence chromatin modifications, transcriptional modifications, post-transcriptional modifications, genomic imprinting, cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis. Consequently, they have an impact on the disease transformation, progression, and morbidity in OSCC. Therefore, circulating lncRNAs could be the potential cancer biomarker for the better clinical management (diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring) of OSCC to provide advanced treatment strategies and clinical decisions. In this review, we report and discuss the recent understandings and perceptions of dysregulated lncRNAs with a focus on their clinical significance in OSCC-disease monitoring and treatment. Evidence clearly indicates that a specific lncRNA expression signature could act as an indicator for the early prediction of diagnosis and prognosis for the initiation, progression, recurrence, metastasis and other clinical prognostic-factors (overall survival, disease-free survival, etc.) in OSCC. The present review demonstrates the current knowledge that all potential lncRNA expression signatures are molecular biomarkers for the early prediction of prognosis in OSCC. Finally, the review provides information about the clinical significance, challenges and limitations of the clinical usage of circulating lncRNAs in a liquid biopsy method in early, pre-symptomatic, sub-clinical, accurate OSCC prognostication. More studies on lncRNA are required to unveil the biology of the inherent mechanisms involved in the process of the development of differential prognostic outcomes in OSCC.
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Li X, Yang L, Wang W, Rao X, Lai Y. Constructing a prognostic immune-related lncRNA model for colon cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30447. [PMID: 36197160 PMCID: PMC9509170 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is a common digestive tract tumor. Although many gene prognostic indicators have been used to predict the prognosis of colon cancer patients, the accuracy of these prognostic indicators is still uncertain. Thus, it is necessary to construct a model for the prognostic analysis of colon cancer. We downloaded the original transcriptome data of colon cancer and performed a differential coexpression analysis of immune-related genes to obtain different immune-related long noncoding RNAs, which were paired as differentially expressed immune-related lncRNA pairs (DEirlncRNAPs). Then, the 1-year overall survival rate receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated, and the Akaike information criterion value was evaluated to determine the maximum inflection point, which was used as the cutoff point to identify groups of colon cancer patients at high and low risk for death. Subsequently, the optimal prediction model was established. Finally, we used the patients' survival times, clinicopathological features, tumor infiltrating immune cells, chemotherapy responses, and immunosuppressive biomarkers to verify the DEirlncRNAP model. Seventy-one DEirlncRNAPs were obtained to build the risk assessment model. The patients were divided into a high-risk group and a low-risk group according to the cutoff point. Then, the DEirlncRNAP model was verified using patient survival times, clinicopathological features, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, chemotherapy responses, and immunosuppressive biomarkers. A new DEirlncRNAP model for predicting the prognosis of colon cancer patients was established, which could reveal new insights into the relationships of colon cancer with tumor-infiltrating immune cells and antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xiangshu Rao
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Lai
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Lai, School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China (e-mail: )
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6
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Jayaraman S, Sekar R, Veeraraghavan VP, Raj AT, Patil S. MALAT 1 a modulator of PD-1/PD-L1 regulation in oral malignancies: An emerging target in cancer therapy. Oral Oncol 2022; 130:105950. [PMID: 35662027 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - Ramya Sekar
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India; Department of Oral Pathology, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Maduravoyal, Chennai 95, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
| | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600 130, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Comprehensive Review on Development of Early Diagnostics on Oral Cancer with a Special Focus on Biomarkers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12104926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
One of the most frequent head and neck cancers is oral cancer, with less than half of those diagnosed surviving five years. Despite breakthroughs in the treatment of many other cancers, the prognosis for people with OSCC remains dismal. The conventional methods of detection include a thorough clinical examination, biochemical investigations, and invasive biopsies. Early identification and treatment are important for a better chance of extending a patient’s life. Early diagnosis may be possible by identifying biomarkers in biological fluids. Currently, the primary method for diagnosing oral lesions is a visual oral examination; however, such a technique has certain drawbacks, as individuals are recognized after their cancer has advanced to a severe degree. The first section of this review discusses several diagnostic techniques for cancer detection, while the second section discusses the present state of knowledge about known existing predictive markers for the timely identification of malignant lesions, as well as disease activity tracking. The aim of the paper is to conduct a critical review of existing oral cancer diagnostic processes and to consider the possible application of innovative technology for early detection. This might broaden our diagnostic choices and enhance our capacity to identify and treat oral malignant tumors more effectively.
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Shi L, Yang Y, Li M, Li C, Zhou Z, Tang G, Wu L, Yao Y, Shen X, Hou Z, Jia H. lLncRNA IFITM4P is activated through LPS/TLR4 and promotes immune escape by up-regulating PD-L1 via dual mechanism during oral carcinogenesis. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1564-1577. [PMID: 35051616 PMCID: PMC9077312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) which is typically preceded from oral leukoplakia (OL), is a common malignancy with poor prognosis. However, the signaling molecules governing this progression remain to be defined. Based on microarray analysis of genes expressed in OL and OSCC samples, we discovered that LncRNA IFITM4P was highly expressed in OSCC and ectopic expression or knockdown of IFITM4P resulted in increased or decreased cell proliferation in vitro and in xenografted tumors respectively. Mechanistically, in the cytoplasm IFITM4P acted as a scaffold to facilitate recruiting SASH1 to bind and phosphorylate TAK1 (Thr187), and in turn to increase the phosphorylation of NF-κB (Ser536) and concomitant induction of PD-L1 expression, resulting in activation of an immunosuppressive program that allows OL cells to escape anti-cancer immunity in cytoplasm. In nucleus, IFITM4P reduced Pten transcription by enhancing the binding of KDM5A to the Pten promoter, thereby upregulating PD-L1 in OL cells. Moreover, mice bearing tumors with high IFITM4P expression had notable therapeutic sensitivity to PD-1 mAb treatment. Collectively, these data demonstrate that IFITM4P may serve as a new therapeutic target in blockage of oral carcinogenesis, and PD-1 mAb can be an efective reagent to treat OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Shi
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200011, China; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuquan Yang
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mengying Li
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200011, China; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengtong Zhou
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200011, China; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyao Tang
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200011, China; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200011, China; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Yao
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200011, China; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemin Shen
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200011, China; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhaoyuan Hou
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Hao Jia
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Dholariya S, Singh RD, Radadiya M, Parchwani D, Sharma G, Mir R. Role of the Tumor Microenvironment and the Influence of Epigenetics on the Tumor Microenvironment in Oral Carcinogenesis: Potential Implications. Crit Rev Oncog 2022; 27:47-64. [PMID: 37199302 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2022047088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer has become a significant problem throughout the world, particularly in countries that are still developing. Recent literature supports the contribution of components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the effect of epigenetic changes happening in the cells of the TME on oral cancer development and progression. In this review, we comprehensively examine the significance of TME in the development of OC along with the current understanding of the epigenetic modifications that regulate the TME and their cohesive impact on tumor traits and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Dholariya
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Ragini D Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | | | | | | | - Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University of Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Tabuk, India
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Hu F, Rao M, Zhang M, Meng Q, Wan M, Zhang X, Ding L, Jiang Y. Long non-coding RNA profiles in plasma exosomes of patients with gastric high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:1. [PMID: 34815753 PMCID: PMC8593877 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs in circulating exosomes are a new class of promising cancer biomarkers; however, their expression in exosomes derived from gastric high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (GHGIN) has not been reported. In the present study, differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs were analyzed in the peripheral blood collected from 5 patients with GHGIN and 5 healthy donors using high-throughput sequencing. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis was performed on 6 randomly selected DE lncRNAs to validate the reliability of the sequencing results. The potential roles of the DE lncRNAs in GHGIN were investigated using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. A total of 25,145 lncRNAs were identified in all the samples and 83 DE lncRNAs were further screened, including 76 upregulated and 7 downregulated DE lncRNAs. GO and KEGG analyses predicted that the DE lncRNAs played notable roles in ‘protein/macromolecule glycosylation’, ‘regulation of protein ubiquitination’, ‘renin-angiotensin system’ and ‘MAPK signaling pathways’. A lncRNA-micro (mi)RNA-mRNA interaction network was constructed and used to perform association analyses. It was found that 83 lncRNAs were abnormally expressed in GHGIN, with some potential functions associated with gastric cancer. Furthermore, the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network indicated that 7 DE lncRNAs may play a notable role in the occurrence and development of GHGIN. The results of the present study showed the expression profiles of lncRNAs in human GHGIN, elucidated some of the molecular changes associated with GHGIN and improved the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying GHGIN and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, The Second Part of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Min Rao
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, The Second Part of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Manli Zhang
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, The Second Part of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Meng
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, The Second Part of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Minjie Wan
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Xiuna Zhang
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, The Second Part of First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Lili Ding
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of The Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
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Exploring the long noncoding RNAs-based biomarkers and pathogenesis of malignant transformation from dysplasia to oral squamous cell carcinoma by bioinformatics method. Eur J Cancer Prev 2021; 29:174-181. [PMID: 31343435 PMCID: PMC7012364 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in many biological processes and carcinogenesis. We aimed to explore lncRNA-based pathogenesis, diagnostic biomarkers, and predictive factors of malignant transformation from dysplasia to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Microarray data of GSE30784 consisting of 167 OSCC, 17 dysplasia, and 45 normal oral tissues were downloaded from the GEO database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and lncRNAs between the three samples were identified using R, followed by lncRNA-mRNA coexpression and coregulation network analysis for the prediction of lncRNA target genes. Gene Ontology and Kyoto encydopedia of gene and genomes pathway analysis were performed to further characterize potential interactions. A total of 4462 DEGs and 76 differentially expressed lncRNAs were screened between the three groups, and 200 DEGs and only double homeobox A pseudogene 10 (DUXAP10) were screened among the three groups. A total of 1662 interactions of 46 lncRNAs and their coexpressed target genes were predicted, and 38 pairs of lncRNA-lncRNA coregulated 843 target genes. The coregulated target genes significantly enriched in antigen adaptive immune response, activation of phagocytosis receptor signaling, mast granule NF-κB inflammation, etc. Overall, lncRNAs were differentially expressed in OSCC and dysplasia. The target genes might play an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of OSCC. These results improve our understanding regarding the lncRNA-based pathogenesis and identify some potential targets for early diagnosis of malignant transformation from dysplasia to OSCC.
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Liu W, Yao Y, Shi L, Tang G, Wu L. A novel lncRNA LOLA1 may predict malignant progression and promote migration, invasion, and EMT of oral leukoplakia via the AKT/GSK-3β pathway. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1302-1312. [PMID: 33969929 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although dysregulation and dysfunction of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in malignant behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), whether aberrant lncRNAs play a role in the carcinogenesis of oral leukoplakia (OL) as the best-known precursor of OSCC remains undetermined. Differentially expressed lncRNAs in the occurrence and progression of OL were studied by microarray and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We found a novel key lncRNA n386251 that we named LOLA1 (lncRNA oral leukoplakia progressed associated 1) in the OL progression. The results of qRT-PCR revealed that LOLA1 aberrant expression was validated in tissue samples and cell lines from the normal oral mucosa, OL to OSCC. Fluorescent in situ hybridization showed that LOLA1 expression localized predominately at the cytoplasm of Leuk1 cells. Cell function assays showed that LOLA1 significantly influenced cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) protein expression. Potential mechanism experiments revealed that AKT/GSK-3β signaling was involved in the regulatory mechanism of LOLA1 in OL progression. Remarkably, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that LOLA1 overexpression could predict malignant events of OL progression to OSCC. In conclusion, the current study for the first time profiled and validated the key lncRNAs related to OL progression. Importantly, we demonstrated that a novel lncRNA LOLA1 upregulation was associated with OL malignant progression, suggesting LOLA1 may be a predictive biomarker. Moreover, LOLA1 may promote migration, invasion, and EMT process in OL malignant progression via AKT/GSK-3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Yao
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjun Shi
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyao Tang
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Oral Mucosal Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Akbari Dilmaghani N, Khoshsirat S, Shanaki-Bavarsad M, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. The contributory role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in head and neck cancers: Possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets? Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 900:174053. [PMID: 33766619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Along with the developments in techniques for genome study, our understanding of its sequences has completely changed. The non-coding sequences of the human genome are no longer considered as "junk" but are rather known to be the source of high-functioning molecules. Some of the most fascinating transcripts in this regard are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) ___RNA molecules that exceed 200 nucleotides and are not transcribed from protein-coding regions of the genome. These transcripts are capable of gene regulation by various mechanisms, from epigenetic changes and chromosomal arrangements to post-transcription modulation of messenger RNAs. Furthermore, lncRNAs interact with other non-coding transcripts such as microRNAs that further affects gene expression. Considering the fact that cancer is a disease of deregulated expression, recent studies have identified lncRNAs acting as either oncogene or tumor suppressor in a wide range of human malignancies. Head and neck cancer (HNC), with a high incidence rate and unfavorable survival, is no exception in this matter and many investigations have introduced lncRNAs involved in its tumor progression and drug response, as well as those acting as promising diagnostic or prognostic markers. The present study reviews the vital regulatory roles of lncRNAs and further introduces their role in progression of HNC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Akbari Dilmaghani
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Loghman Hakim Educational Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Khoshsirat
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Loghman Hakim Educational Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Shanaki-Bavarsad
- Institute of Neuroscience. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Jia H, Wang X, Sun Z. Screening and validation of plasma long non-coding RNAs as biomarkers for the early diagnosis and staging of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:172. [PMID: 33552289 PMCID: PMC7798048 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), characterized by a high recurrence rate, a poor prognosis and high morbidity, is the most prevalent malignancy of the oral cavity. The aberrant expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may lead to the development of various diseases, including cancer. Delayed diagnosis is the main reason for the poor prognosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the differential expression profiles of plasma lncRNAs in OSCC in order to screen target lncRNAs as biomarkers for the early diagnosis and staging of OSCC. The expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in OSCC were analyzed by microarray analysis. A total of 14 candidate lncRNAs were selected and analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using the array homologous samples. Subsequently, 4 target lncRNAs were measured by RT-qPCR in a large cohort, including 28 cases with TNM I/II [early-stage squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) group], 36 cases with TNM III/IV [advanced-stage squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) group], 16 cases with dysplasia [oral premalignant lesion (OPL) group] and 16 healthy controls (H group). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the diagnostic effects of the combined lncRNAs. In total, 6,606 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 4,196 mRNAs were identified in OSCC. The expression trend of the 14 candidate lncRNAs was consistent with the microarray data. The expression level of ENST00000412740, NR_131012, ENST00000588803 and NR_038323 exhibited significant differences in the H, OPL, ESCC and ASCC groups (P<0.05). ROC curve and logistic regression analyses revealed that the diagnostic efficacy of the combined lncRNAs was more prominent than that of a single lncRNA, particularly in the ESCC and ASCC groups. In conclusion, the present study identified the differential expression profiles of plasma lncRNAs in OSCC and demonstrated that ENST00000412740, NR_131012, ENST00000588803 and NR_038323 may be promising biomarkers for the early diagnosis and staging of OSCC. These findings may provide novel targets for the early diagnosis and staging of OSCC, which may provide an objective basis for clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Jia
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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15
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Bockhorst C, Dietrich J, Vogt TJ, Stauber RH, Strieth S, Bootz F, Dietrich D, Vos LD. The DNA methylation landscape of PD-1 ( PDCD1) and adjacent lncRNA AC131097.3 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Epigenomics 2020; 13:113-127. [PMID: 33351665 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: PD-1 expression is associated with DNA methylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). We performed methylation analysis at single CpG site resolution in order to understand epigenetic regulation. Materials and methods: CpG methylation analysis of PD-1 and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) AC131097.3 was performed in n = 528 HNSCCs and n = 50 normal adjacent tissues provided by The Cancer Genome Atlas and in isolated leukocytes. Results: PD-1 mRNA and AC131097.3 lncRNA expression correlated inversely with promoter and positively with gene body CpG methylation. PD-1 and AC131097.3 are co-expressed. Methylation was sequence-contextually associated with human papillomavirus prognosis, mutational load, and immune infiltrates. Conclusions: The significance of PD-1 and AC131097.3 methylation is highly sequence-contextual. AC131097.3 might play a role in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bockhorst
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörn Dietrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Timo J Vogt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Roland H Stauber
- Molecular & Cellular Oncology, ENT/University Hospital of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Strieth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Friedrich Bootz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dimo Dietrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Luka de Vos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Dermatology & Allergy, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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16
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Feng L, Zhang J, Sun M, Qiu F, Chen W, Qiu W. Tumor Suppressor LINC02487 Inhibits Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Migration and Invasion Through the USP17-SNAI1 Axis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:559808. [PMID: 33194625 PMCID: PMC7658685 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.559808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the functions and associated mechanisms of long noncoding RNA LINC02487 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods The relative expression levels of LINC02487 in OSCC cell lines and tissue samples were examined by RT-qPCR. Intracellular localization was determined using RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization. LINC02487 was cloned into the pCMV-puro vector and then introduced into OSCC cells using lentiviral transfection. Cell processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, were subsequently examined. LINC02487-binding proteins were identified by ChIRP-MS and confirmed by RNA immunoprecipitation. Protein expression was determined by western blotting assay. Results LINC02487 has been reported to be downregulated in OSCC. Here, we confirmed that the expression of LINC02487 was reduced in 6 OSCC cell lines compared with that in immortalized normal oral epithelial cells and in 50 OSCC samples compared with paired adjacent normal tissue in a Chinese population and that LINC02487 expression levels were associated with cancer metastasis. We further identified that LINC02487 was localized to the cytoplasm, aggregated around the nuclear membrane. Functional studies demonstrate that overexpression of LINC02487 significantly suppresses cell migration and invasion and also inhibits cell proliferation. For the mechanism, we reveal that LINC02487 directly binds to USP17, a deubiquitinating enzyme, and regulates cell migration and invasion through the USP17-SNAI1 axis in a process that involves epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conclusion Our results confirm that long noncoding RNA LINC02487 is downregulated in OSCC tissue samples and cell lines. We also find that LINC02487 acts as a tumor suppressor through the USP17-SNAI1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Minglei Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiliu Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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17
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He K, Zhu ZB, Shu R, Hong A. LncRNA NEAT1 mediates progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma via VEGF-A and Notch signaling pathway. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:261. [PMID: 33023572 PMCID: PMC7542398 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-02028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND lncRNAs and VEGF have been shown to have close connections with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We explored the interaction between lncRNA NEAT1 and VEGF-A in OSCC. METHODS RT-qPCR was implemented to measure levels of lncRNA NEAT1 and VEGF-A in OSCC cell lines and normal cell lines. Cell functions then were checked after regulating the expressions of lncRNA NEAT1 and VEGF-A separately. Cell viabilities were examined with CCK-8 and apoptosis rate was checked with flow cytometry. Meanwhile, EMT-related genes E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail and Notch signaling genes Notch1, Notch2, and Jagged were evaluated by RT-qPCR. IMR-1 was applied for impeding Notch signaling pathway. Later, cell viabilities, apoptosis, and EMT were assessed. RESULTS Expressions of lncRNA NEAT1 and VEGF-A were both increased significantly in OSCC cell lines especially in TSCC1 cell line. Suppression of lncNRA NEAT1 was associated with lower cell viabilities and EMT and higher apoptosis rate in the TSCC1 cell line. Meanwhile, knockdown of VEGF-A significantly repressed cell viabilities and EMT in the TSCC1 cell line. Magnifying functions of inhibited lncRNA NEAT1 Notch signaling pathway was obviously activated with overexpressions of lncRNA NEAT1 and VEGF-A. Adding IMR-1 significantly downregulated cell viabilities and EMT and sharply increased apoptosis in the context of lncRNA NEAT1 and VEGF-A overexpression. CONCLUSION LncRNA NEAT1 may upregulate proliferation and EMT and repress apoptosis through activating VEGF-A and Notch signaling pathway in vitro, suggesting an underlying regulatory factor in OSCC. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to gain a greater understanding of lncRNA NEAT1 and connections with VEGF-A in vivo and in clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke He
- Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610015, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610015, China
| | - Rui Shu
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Ai Hong
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
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18
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Huang F, Xin C, Lei K, Bai H, Li J, Chen Q. Noncoding RNAs in oral premalignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:763-777. [PMID: 32495292 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has the highest mortality rate among all head and neck cancers and a relatively low five-year survival rate. Generally, the development of an oral mucosal malignancy represents a multistep process beginning with normal oral mucosa epithelium and culminating in OSCC after transitioning through intermediary oral premalignant disorders (OPMDs), during which dysplasia is often observed. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNAs that are not translated into proteins, but still can participate in regulating neoplastic cell behavior. Recently, data have emerged on the role of ncRNAs in the progression of oral mucosal malignant diseases, but the exact mechanisms through which ncRNAs are involved remain to be elucidated. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge on ncRNAs has added an extra layer of complexity to our understanding of the malignant progression of oral mucosal diseases. The identification of ncRNAs in multiple body fluids as biomarkers may provide new diagnostic options that can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of OPMDs and OSCC, respectively. Despite overall advances that have been made in cancer treatment, the treatment options for OPMDs and OSCC are still limited. Several studies have shown that ncRNA-based treatment regimens may hold promise as alternative methods for treating OPMDs and OSCC. The use of ncRNAs as therapeutic agents, including miR-155, miR-34 and lncRNA HOTAIR, appear promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hetian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
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19
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Pentenero M, Bowers L, Jayasinghe R, Cheong SC, Farah CS, Kerr AR, Alevizos I. World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Functional pathways involving differentially expressed lncRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2020; 25 Suppl 1:79-87. [PMID: 31140691 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) modulate gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and are involved in tumorigenesis. They can form complex secondary and tertiary structures and have been shown to act as precursors, enhancers, reservoirs and decoys in the complex endogenous RNA network. They were first reported in relation to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in 2013. Here, we summarise the functional roles and pathways of the most commonly studied lncRNAs in OSCC. Existing research demonstrates the involvement of lncRNA within pivotal pathways leading to the development and spread of OSCC, including interactions with key cancer-associated microRNAs such as miR-21. The number of studies on lncRNA and OSCC remains limited in this new field. As evidence grows, the tissue-specific expression patterns of lncRNAs should further advance our understanding of the altered regulatory networks in OSCC and possibly reveal new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Pentenero
- Department of Oncology, Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Leah Bowers
- Department of Stomatology, Division of Oral Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ruwan Jayasinghe
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Team, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya,, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Camile S Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, UWA Dental School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Ilias Alevizos
- Sjogren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, NIDCR/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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20
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Progress in the study of long noncoding RNA in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 129:51-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Xiong Y, Liu Z, Li Z, Wang S, Shen N, Xin Y, Huang T. Long non‑coding RNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 interacts with microRNA‑107 to modulate breast cancer growth and metastasis by targeting carnitine palmitoyltransferase‑1. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:1125-1136. [PMID: 31485672 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies revealed that the long non‑coding RNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) exhibits abnormal expression in numerous cancer types, including breast cancer (BC); however, the regulatory mechanism of NEAT1 in BC remains unclear. In the present study, the effect of NEAT1 on the progression of BC and its regulation mechanism was investigated. The expression levels of NEAT1 and microRNA‑107 (miR‑107) in BC cells were analyzed using the reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR). NEAT1 was knocked down in BC cells, and mimics‑miR‑107 or inhibitor‑miR‑107 were transfected into BC cells. Subsequently, cell proliferation, invasion and migration, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were determined. The regulatory mechanism of NEAT1, miR‑107 and carnitine palmitoyltransferase‑1 (CPT1A) was analyzed using a luciferase reporter assay system, western blotting and RT‑qPCR. NEAT1 expression was increased in BC cells, whereas miR‑107 expression was decreased, compared with normal mammary gland cells. NEAT1 promoted the progression of BC cells through inhibiting apoptosis‑associated genes and promoting cell cycle‑ and invasion‑associated gene expression, whereas miR‑107 served the opposite function. Furthermore, NEAT1 promoted the expression of CPT1A, which was mediated by miR‑107. The results of the present study indicate that NEAT1 promotes the expression of CPT1A by inhibiting miR‑107 to improve the progression of BC cells; therefore, NEAT1 is a potential therapeutic target of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiquan Xiong
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Zeming Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shuntao Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Na Shen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yue Xin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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22
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Khowal S, Wajid S. Role of Smoking-Mediated molecular events in the genesis of oral cancers. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 29:665-685. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1646372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Khowal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Saima Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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23
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Long Non-Coding RNA Expression Profile Associated with Malignant Progression of Oral Submucous Fibrosis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:6835176. [PMID: 31467541 PMCID: PMC6699286 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6835176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) as one of the premalignant disorders endures a series of histopathological stages to invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) eventually. However, the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression in OSF malignant progression still remains poorly understood. Through RNA-sequencing normal mucous, OSF and OSCC tissues, we found 687 lncRNA transcripts significantly and differentially expressed during OSF progression, including 231 upregulated lncRNAs and 456 downregulated lncRNAs, indicating that lncRNAs are involved in the regulation of different stages of OSF development. Further functional enrichment analysis showed these differentially expressed lncRNAs participated in inflammation signaling, Wnt signaling, angiogenesis, CCKR signaling, integrin signaling, PDGF signaling, p53 signaling, and EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling pathways, which contribute to inflammatory and fibroelastic pathogenetic changes of OSF and further malignant progression. Five novel lncRNAs were differentially expressed during OSF progression with varied expression levels, indicating the importance of these lncRNAs in OSF malignant development. Moreover, some lncRNAs have been previously identified to be associated with OSCC pathogenesis, including HCG22, RP11-397A16.1, LINC00271, CTD-3179P9.1, and ZNF667-AS1. Thus, our study firstly comprehensively elucidated lncRNAs expression profile of malignant procession from OSF premalignant lesion to OSCC, which will enlighten our understanding of the importance of lncRNA involved in OSF malignant development.
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24
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Han X, Xu Z, Tian G, Tang Z, Gao J, Wei Y, Xu X. Suppression of the long non-coding RNA MALAT-1 impairs the growth and migration of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma SCC4 cells. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:992-1000. [PMID: 31360193 PMCID: PMC6657264 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.73343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aberrant expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with various cancer types. However, few studies have assessed lncRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aimed to investigate the expression and impact of lncRNAs in OSCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Real-time PCR analysis was used to examine the expression of four lncRNAs, MALAT-1, UCA1, BC200 and SRA, in 14 OSCC and adjacent normal tissue pairs. The impact of MALAT-1 suppression by siRNA on the proliferation, apoptosis, anchorage-independent growth and migration of the human tongue carcinoma cell line SSC4 was also determined. RESULTS MALAT-1 levels were significantly higher in the OSCC tissue than in the normal tissues (p < 0.004); no significant differences in UCA1, BC200 or SRA RNA levels were observed. Knockdown of MALAT-1 by siRNA significantly suppressed proliferation of SSC4 cells (p < 0.004) and enhanced their apoptosis (p < 0.001). In addition, siRNA-mediated suppression of MALAT-1 inhibited SSC4 cell colony formation (p < 0.001) and migration (p < 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Elevated expression of MALAT-1 in OSCC may play a role in tumorigenesis and/or metastasis. Further studies are necessary to identify the mechanism by which MALAT-1 influences SCC4 growth and migration and validate its increased expression in OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of Stomatology, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixiao Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Stomatology, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - JianYong Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibo Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - XiaoGang Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Pentenero M, Bowers LM, Jayasinghe R, Yap T, Cheong SC, Kerr AR, Farah CS, Alevizos I. World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Clinical evidence of differential expression of lncRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A scoping review. Oral Dis 2019; 25 Suppl 1:88-101. [PMID: 31140697 PMCID: PMC6544174 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have important roles in regulating gene expression pertaining to cell proliferation, survival, migration and genomic stability. Dysregulated expression of lncRNAs is implicated in cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. OBJECTIVES To explore, map and summarize the extent of evidence from clinical studies investigating the differential expression of lncRNAs in oral/tongue squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were used as search engines. Clinical, full-length, English language studies were included. PRISMA-ScR protocol was used to evaluate and present results. The present scoping review summarizes relationships of the differential expression of lncRNAs with the presence of tumour and with clinicopathological features including survival. RESULTS Almost half of the investigated transcripts have been explored in more than one study, yet not always with consistent results. The collected data were also compared to the limited studies investigating oral epithelial dysplasia. Data are not easily comparable, first because of different methods used to define what differential expression is, and second because only a limited number of studies performed multivariate analyses to identify clinicopathological features associated with the differentially expressed lncRNAs. CONCLUSIONS Standard methods and more appropriate data analyses are needed in order to achieve reliable results from future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Pentenero
- Department of Oncology, Oral Medicine and Oral Oncology Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Leah M Bowers
- Department of Stomatology, Division of Oral Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ruwan Jayasinghe
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Tami Yap
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Team, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Camile S Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, UWA Dental School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ilias Alevizos
- Sjogren's Syndrome and Salivary Gland Dysfunction Unit, NIDCR/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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26
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Zhang C, Bao C, Zhang X, Lin X, Pan D, Chen Y. Knockdown of lncRNA LEF1-AS1 inhibited the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) via Hippo signaling pathway. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:1213-1222. [PMID: 30983488 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1599671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is verified that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in various cancers. LncRNA LEF1-AS1 is a reported oncogene in colorectal cancer and glioblastoma. In this study, we unveiled that LEF1-AS1 markedly increased in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues and cell lines. Besides, OSCC patients with high levels of LEF1-AS1 were apt to poor prognosis. Functionally, LEF1-AS1 knockdown inhibited cell survival, proliferation and migration, whereas enhanced cell apoptosis and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in vitro. Consistently, LEF1-AS1 silence hindered tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, LEF1-AS1 inhibition stimulated the activation of Hippo signaling pathway through directly interacting with LATS1. Furtherly, we disclosed that LEF1-AS1 silence abolished the interaction of LEF1-AS1 with LATS1 while enhanced the binding of LATS1 to MOB, therefore promoting YAP phosphorylation but impairing YAP1 nuclear translocation. Additionally, we demonstrated that LEF1-AS1 regulated YAP1 translocation via a LATS1-dependent manner. Furthermore, we also uncovered that YAP1 overexpression abolished the suppressive impact of LEF1-AS1 repression on the biological processes of OSCC cells. In a word, we concluded that LEF1-AS1 served an oncogenic part in OSCC through suppressing Hippo signaling pathway by interacting with LATS1, suggesting the therapeutic and prognostic potential of LEF1-AS1 in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanqiong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Wenzhou People's Hospital , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Chunchun Bao
- Division of PET/CT, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Xiuxing Zhang
- Division of PET/CT, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Xinshi Lin
- Division of PET/CT, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Dan Pan
- Department of Pathology, Wenzhou People's Hospital , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Yangzong Chen
- Division of PET/CT, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
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27
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Yang Y, Chen D, Liu H, Yang K. Increased expression of lncRNA CASC9 promotes tumor progression by suppressing autophagy-mediated cell apoptosis via the AKT/mTOR pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:41. [PMID: 30674868 PMCID: PMC6381212 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies showed that lncRNA CASC9 was upregulated and acted as an oncogene in a variety of tumors. However, the expression and biological functions of CASC9 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unknown. In this study, we found for the first time that CASC9 was remarkably upregulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines compared with paired noncancerous tissues and normal oral epithelial cells. Highly expressed CASC9 is strongly associated with tumor size, clinical stage, regional lymph node metastasis and overall survival time in OSCC patients. In vitro, CASC9 knockdown in OSCC cells SCC15 and CAL27 significantly promotes autophagy and apoptosis, while inhibiting proliferation. Moreover, the expression levels of p-AKT, p-mTOR, P62 and BCL-2 were significantly decreased, while the expression levels of BAX and the LC3BII/LC3BI ratio were increased in CASC9-knockdown SCC15 and CAL27 cells. After the addition of the AKT activator SC79 in CASC9-knockdown SCC15 and CAL27 cells, we found that the increased autophagy and apoptosis were remarkably rescued. Furthermore, the increased apoptosis was remarkably rescued in CASC9-knockdown OSCC cells treated with the autophagy inhibitor Autophinib. In addition, CASC9 depletion suppressed tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that lncRNA CASC9 promotes OSCC progression through enhancing cell proliferation and suppressing autophagy-mediated cell apoptosis via the AKT/mTOR pathway. CASC9 could potentially be used as a valuable biomarker for OSCC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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29
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Wang Q, Zhuang ZW, Cheng YM, Ma JQ, Xu SY, Zhong CL, Zhang KM. An in vitro and in vivo study of the role of long non-coding RNA-HOST2 in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human glioma cells. IUBMB Life 2018; 71:93-104. [PMID: 30290058 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most commonly occurring primary malignant brain tumors in the central nervous system of adults. They are rarely curable and the prognosis for high grade gliomas is generally poor. Recently, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) human ovarian cancer-specific transcript 2 (HOST2) has been reported to be expressed at high levels in human ovarian cancer, involving tumorigenesis. However, little is still known about whether and how HOST2 regulates glioma development and progression. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role of HOST2 in human glioma cells. Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to determine the expression of lncRNA HOST2, let-7b, and PBX3 in human glioma cells. Cultured human glioma cells were treated with siRNA (si)-lncRNA HOST2, let-7b mimic, si-lncRNA HOST2 + let-7b inhibitor, and si-PBX3. Parameters including cell viability, colony formation, cell migration, and cell invasion were detected by cell counting kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, scratch test, and Transwell assay respectively to determine the effects of down-regulated HOST2 on glioma cells. Tumor formation in nude mice was evaluated by subcutaneous tumor formation experiment. Results showed that HOST2 and PBX3 were highly expressed in glioma tissue whereas let-7b was expressed at much lower levels. In response to treatment with si-lncRNA HOST2, si-PBX3, and let-7b mimic, glioma cell lines exhibited decreased cell viability, suppressed cell migration, invasion, and reduced colony formation of glioma cells. This was accompanied by an attenuated tumor formation with smaller volume and weight in nude mice, suggesting that down-regulated HOST2 could inhibit the tumorigenicity of glioma cells. Lastly, we found that lncRNA HOST2 was highly expressed in glioma tissues and its down-regulation could inhibit the growth and invasion of glioma cells. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(1):93-104, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yi-Ming Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Ji-Qiang Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Shi-Yi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Chun-Long Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Kui-Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
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30
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Long Noncoding RNA LOC441178 Reduces the Invasion and Migration of Squamous Carcinoma Cells by Targeting ROCK1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4357647. [PMID: 30364063 PMCID: PMC6188856 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4357647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to have significant regulating effect in human cancer development. Previous studies suggested that dysregulation of lncRNA 441178 (LOC441178) is possibly associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The postoperative survival time was significantly prolonged in the high-grade OSCC patients with high LOC441178 expression compared with those with low LOC441178 expression, which indicated that LOC441178 may act as a prognostic marker and as a potential tumor suppressor for OSCC. However, the biological molecular mechanisms behind these phenomena remain almost unknown. Here, our studies revealed that LOC441178 suppressed the invasion and migration of squamous carcinoma cells (SCCs). Furthermore, we found that rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) is one of the functionally relevant targets of LOC441178 in squamous cells, which is negatively correlated with LOC441178 in tumor tissues from OSCC patients. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated the inhibition effect of LOC441178 on tumor in OSCC and might have potential implications for OSCC gene therapy. In conclusion, these results suggest that LOC441178 could represent a prognostic indicator for OSCC and be a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.
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31
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Jia H, Wang X, Sun Z. Exploring the molecular pathogenesis and biomarkers of high risk oral premalignant lesions on the basis of long noncoding RNA expression profiling by serial analysis of gene expression. Eur J Cancer Prev 2018; 27:370-378. [PMID: 28418939 PMCID: PMC6012059 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) have malignant transformation potential, with no reliable markers available. This study aimed to assess molecular events to identify biomarkers that can reflect high-risk lesions as predictive factors to tailor clinical decision for patients on the basis of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) expression profiling by serial analysis of gene expression. The GSE31021 and GSE8127 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and lncRNAs were identified using the LIMMA package in R language. The genes targeted by lncRNAs were predicted among screened DEGs using Pearson's correlation. Gene ontology function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were carried out for genes targeted by lncRNAs using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery online tool. A total of 674 DEGs and differentially expressed lncRNAs were screened. Thirty-two interactions of 10 lncRNAs and 524 target genes were predicted. The lncRNA NEAT1 was among the top 10 lncRNAs. The coregulated target genes RP4-684O24, RP11-283I3, and RP11-350G8 were significantly enriched in the immune response and mannosyl-oligosaccharide mannosidase activity. The target genes coregulated by LINC00665 and MIR378D2 were significantly enriched in the ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process, ubiquitin-protein ligase activity, and neurotrophin signaling. The lncRNA NEAT1 may play an important role in high-risk lesions. The novel lncRNAs and DEGs identified in OPLs may mediate the immune response and neurotrophin signaling and show ubiquitin ligase activity. These results improve our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of OPLs and identify some potential targets for early diagnosis of high risk OPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Jia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital
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32
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Ma X, Sheng S, Wu J, Jiang Y, Gao X, Cen X, Wu J, Wang S, Tang Y, Tang Y, Liang X. LncRNAs as an intermediate in HPV16 promoting myeloid-derived suppressor cell recruitment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:42061-42075. [PMID: 28159935 PMCID: PMC5522049 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging evidence showed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in cell growth and apoptosis as well as cancer progression and metastasis of malignant tumor, however, limited data are available on the role of lncRNAs in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Here, we demonstrated that 23.98% of 196 HNSCC cases in Southwest China could be classified as HPV16 infection. The number of MDSCs in HPV-positive HNSCC was significantly higher than normal control, indicating that HPV infection may promote MDSCs aggregation. Then, we applied an array-based approach to monitor the lncRNA expression between HPV-positive HNSCC, HPV-negative HNSCC and normal oral mucous, and obtained 132 different lncRNAs in different HPV infected states of HNSCC. HOTAIR, PROM1, CCAT1, and MUC19 mRNA levels, determined by qRT-PCR were inversely correlated with MDSCs collection of HPV-associated HNSCC in 2 independent patient cohorts. The results may provide a rationale for the further evaluation of lncRNAs as a molecular target to elucidate the molecular mechanism of HPV promoting MDSCs collection of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, China
| | - Surui Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jingbiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yaping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Department of Implant, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Xiaolei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiao Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jiashun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yajie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Yaling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xinhua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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33
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Feng L, Houck JR, Lohavanichbutr P, Chen C. Transcriptome analysis reveals differentially expressed lncRNAs between oral squamous cell carcinoma and healthy oral mucosa. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31521-31531. [PMID: 28415559 PMCID: PMC5458226 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major cancer type in the head and neck region. To better understand the roles long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) play in OSCC carcinogenesis, we compared the expression levels of 3,054 probe sets for lncRNAs between 167 OSCCs and 45 healthy oral mucosa using an Affymetrix HG U133 plus 2.0 array dataset. We found 658 lncRNA transcripts (790 probe sets) to be significantly differentially expressed using a criteria of FDR < 0.01, with 36 of them (39 probe sets) showing more than a 2-fold change. We further validated the top differentially expressed lncRNAs in three independent datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository: GSE42743, GSE9844, and GSE6791. Fourteen lncRNAs (15 probe sets) were validated in all three datasets using the criteria FDR < 0.01: LOC441178, C5orf66-AS1, HCG22, FLG-AS1, CCL14/CCL15-CCL14, LOC100506990, TRIP10, PCBP1-AS1, LINC01315, LINC00478, COX10-AS1/LOC100506974, MLLT4-AS1, MIR31HG, and DUXAP10/LINC01296. Three lncRNAs in the validated list which showed the highest fold change (LOC441178, HCG22 and C5orf66-AS1) were verified by quantitative RT-PCR in a subset of 20 OSCCs and 10 control samples. In silico prediction of their functional role has given us directions for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Feng
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R.China
| | - John R Houck
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Pawadee Lohavanichbutr
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chu Chen
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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34
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Sage AP, Minatel BC, Ng KW, Stewart GL, Dummer TJB, Lam WL, Martinez VD. Oncogenomic disruptions in arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25736-25755. [PMID: 28179585 PMCID: PMC5421966 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to arsenic affects more than 200 million people worldwide, and has been associated with many adverse health effects, including cancer in several organs. There is accumulating evidence that arsenic biotransformation, a step in the elimination of arsenic from the human body, can induce changes at a genetic and epigenetic level, leading to carcinogenesis. At the genetic level, arsenic interferes with key cellular processes such as DNA damage-repair and chromosomal structure, leading to genomic instability. At the epigenetic level, arsenic places a high demand on the cellular methyl pool, leading to global hypomethylation and hypermethylation of specific gene promoters. These arsenic-associated DNA alterations result in the deregulation of both oncogenic and tumour-suppressive genes. Furthermore, recent reports have implicated aberrant expression of non-coding RNAs and the consequential disruption of signaling pathways in the context of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. This article provides an overview of the oncogenomic anomalies associated with arsenic exposure and conveys the importance of non-coding RNAs in the arsenic-induced carcinogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Sage
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brenda C Minatel
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin W Ng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Greg L Stewart
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Trevor J B Dummer
- Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wan L Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Victor D Martinez
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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35
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Feng C, Ma F, Hu C, Ma JA, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wu F, Hou T, Jiang S, Wang Y, Feng Y. SOX9/miR-130a/CTR1 axis modulates DDP-resistance of cervical cancer cell. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:448-458. [PMID: 29099271 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1395533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (DDP) -based chemotherapy is a standard strategy for cervical cancer, while chemoresistance remains a huge challenge. Copper transporter protein 1 (CTR1), a copper influx transporter required for high affinity copper (probably reduced Cu I) transport into the cell, reportedly promotes a significant fraction of DDP internalization in tumor cells. In the present study, we evaluated the function of CTR1 in the cell proliferation of cervical cancer upon DDP treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been regarded as essential regulators of cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, as well as chemoresistance. By using online tools, we screened for candidate miRNAs potentially regulate CTR1, among which miR-130a has been proved to promote cervical cancer cell proliferation through targeting PTEN in our previous study. In the present study, we investigated the role of miR-130a in cervical cancer chemoresistance to DDP, and confirmed the binding of miR-130a to CTR1. SOX9 also reportedly act on cancer chemoresistance. In the present study, we revealed that SOX9 inversely regulated miR-130a through direct targeting the promoter of miR-130a. Consistent with previous studies, SOX9 could affect cervical cancer chemoresistance to DDP. Taken together, we demonstrated a SOX9/miR-130a/CTR1 axis which modulated the chemoresistance of cervical cancer cell to DDP, and provided promising targets for dealing with the chemoresistance of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhe Feng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jin-An Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Tao Hou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shun Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yapeng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yeqian Feng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Huang J, Yang Y, Fang F, Liu K. MALAT1 modulates the autophagy of retinoblastoma cell through miR‐124‐mediated stx17 regulation. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3853-3863. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Huang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Yuting Yang
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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Irimie AI, Braicu C, Sonea L, Zimta AA, Cojocneanu-Petric R, Tonchev K, Mehterov N, Diudea D, Buduru S, Berindan-Neagoe I. A Looking-Glass of Non-coding RNAs in oral cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122620. [PMID: 29206174 PMCID: PMC5751223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a multifactorial pathology and is characterized by the lack of efficient treatment and accurate diagnostic tools. This is mainly due the late diagnosis; therefore, reliable biomarkers for the timely detection of the disease and patient stratification are required. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key elements in the physiological and pathological processes of various cancers, which is also reflected in oral cancer development and progression. A better understanding of their role could give a more thorough perspective on the future treatment options for this cancer type. This review offers a glimpse into the ncRNA involvement in oral cancer, which can help the medical community tap into the world of ncRNAs and lay the ground for more powerful diagnostic, prognostic and treatment tools for oral cancer that will ultimately help build a brighter future for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Iulia Irimie
- Department of Prosthetic dentistry and Dental materials, Division Dental Propaedeutics, Aesthetic, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Laura Sonea
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu-Hatieganu, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Alina Andreea Zimta
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu-Hatieganu, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Roxana Cojocneanu-Petric
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Konstantin Tonchev
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University, 3 Hristo Botev Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital "St. George", 66 Peshtersko Shosse Blvd, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University Plovdiv, 15-А Vasil Aprilov Bul, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Diana Diudea
- Department of Prosthetic dentistry and Dental materials, Division Dental Propaedeutics, Aesthetic, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Smaranda Buduru
- Prosthetics and Dental materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, 32 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu-Hatieganu, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Republicii 34th street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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38
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Sannigrahi MK, Sharma R, Panda NK, Khullar M. Role of non-coding RNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A narrative review. Oral Dis 2017; 24:1417-1427. [PMID: 28941018 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide with high recurrence, metastasis, and poor treatment outcome. Recent studies have reported that non-coding RNA (ncRNA) might play critical role in regulating different types of cancer. MicroRNAs (miRs) are short ncRNAs (20-25 nucleotides) responsible for post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and may have a role in oncogenesis by acting as oncomiRs or tumor suppressor miRs. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are heterogenous group of ncRNAs more than 200 nucleotides long, can act in cis and/or in trans, and have been also implicated in carcinogenesis. These molecules have been suggested to be promising candidates as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and for development of novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we have summarized recent findings on role of these ncRNAs in HPV-negative (HPV-ve) and HPV-positive (HPV+ve) HNSCC. The available literature supports differential expression of both microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, which include oncogenic ncRNAs (miR-21, miR-31, miR-155, miR-211, HOTAIR, and MALAT1) and tumor suppressor ncRNAs (let7d, miR-17, miR-375, miR-139, and MEG3) in HPV+ve HNSCC tumors as compared to HPV-ve tumors and they have distinct role in the pathophysiology of these two types of HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Sannigrahi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - R Sharma
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - N K Panda
- Department of Otolaryngology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - M Khullar
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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Kolenda T, Guglas K, Ryś M, Bogaczyńska M, Teresiak A, Bliźniak R, Łasińska I, Mackiewicz J, Lamperska KM. Biological role of long non-coding RNA in head and neck cancers. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2017; 22:378-388. [PMID: 28794691 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are one of the worst prognosis cancers with high mortality of patients. The treatment strategy is primarily based on surgery and radiotherapy but chemotherapy is also used. Every year the knowledge concerning HNSCC biology is updated with new elements such as the recent discovered molecules - long non-coding RNAs. Long non-coding RNAs are involved in regulatory processes in the cells. It has been revealed that the expression levels of lncRNAs are disturbed in tumor cells what results in the acquisition of their specific phenotype. lncRNAs influence cell growth, cell cycle, cell phenotype, migration and invasion ability as well as apoptosis. Development of the lncRNA panel characteristic for HNSCC and validation of specific lncRNA functions are yet to be elucidated. In this work, we collected available data concerning lncRNAs in HNSCC and characterized their biological role. We believe that the tumor examination, in the context of lncRNA expression, may lead to understanding complex biology of the cancer and improve therapeutic methods in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kolenda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15th Garbary Street, Room 5025, 61-866 Poznan, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 61th Zwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.,Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8th Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Kacper Guglas
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15th Garbary Street, Room 5025, 61-866 Poznan, Poland.,Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8th Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcel Ryś
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15th Garbary Street, Room 5025, 61-866 Poznan, Poland.,Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8th Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Bogaczyńska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15th Garbary Street, Room 5025, 61-866 Poznan, Poland.,HAN University of Applied Sciences, Laan van Scheut 2, 6525 EM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Teresiak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15th Garbary Street, Room 5025, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Renata Bliźniak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15th Garbary Street, Room 5025, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Izabela Łasińska
- Department of Medical and Experimental Oncology, Heliodor Swiecicki Clinical Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 16/18th Grunwaldzka Street, 60-786 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Mackiewicz
- Department of Medical and Experimental Oncology, Heliodor Swiecicki Clinical Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 16/18th Grunwaldzka Street, 60-786 Poznan, Poland.,Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 8th Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.,Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15th Garbary Street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna M Lamperska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetic, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15th Garbary Street, Room 5025, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
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Abstract
The accuracy and efficiency of tumor treatment depends mainly on early and precise diagnosis. Although histopathology is always the gold standard for cancer diagnosis, noninvasive biomarkers represent an opportunity for early detection and molecular staging of cancer. Besides the classical tumor markers, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) emerge to be a novel category of biomarker for cancer diagnosis since the dysregulation of ncRNAs is closely associated with the development and progression of human cancers such as liver, lung, breast, gastric, and other kinds of cancers. In this chapter, we will summarize the different types of ncRNAs in the diagnosis of major human cancers. In addition, we will introduce the recent advances in the detection and applications of circulating serum or plasma ncRNAs and non-blood fluid ncRNAs because the noninvasive body fluid-based assays are easy to examine for cancer diagnosis and monitoring.
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41
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Kim YY, Tamadon A, Ku SY. Potential Use of Antiapoptotic Proteins and Noncoding RNAs for EfficientIn VitroFollicular Maturation and Ovarian Bioengineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 23:142-158. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Amin Tamadon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yup Ku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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42
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Ayers D, Vandesompele J. Influence of microRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer Chemoresistance. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8030095. [PMID: 28273813 PMCID: PMC5368699 DOI: 10.3390/genes8030095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate and acquired chemoresistance exhibited by most tumours exposed to conventional chemotherapeutic agents account for the majority of relapse cases in cancer patients. Such chemoresistance phenotypes are of a multi-factorial nature from multiple key molecular players. The discovery of the RNA interference pathway in 1998 and the widespread gene regulatory influences exerted by microRNAs (miRNAs) and other non-coding RNAs have certainly expanded the level of intricacy present for the development of any single physiological phenotype, including cancer chemoresistance. This review article focuses on the latest research efforts in identifying and validating specific key molecular players from the two main families of non-coding RNAs, namely miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), having direct or indirect influences in the development of cancer drug resistance properties and how such knowledge can be utilised for novel theranostics in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Ayers
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida MSD2080, Malta.
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite substantial progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms and treatment of CRC in recent years, the overall survival rate of CRC patients has not improved dramatically. The development of CRC is multifactor and multistep processes, in which abnormal gene expression may play an important role. With the advance of human tumor molecular biology, a series of studies have highlighted the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development of CRC. CRC-related lncRNAs have been demonstrated to regulate the genes by various mechanisms, including epigenetic modifications, lncRNA-miRNA and lncRNA-protein interactions, and by their actions as miRNA precursors or pseudogenes. Since some lncRNAs can be detected in human body fluid and have good specificity and accessibility, they have been suggested to be used as novel potential biomarkers for CRC diagnosis and prognosis as well as in the prediction of the response to therapy. Therefore, in this review, we will focus on lncRNAs in CRC development, the mechanisms and biomarkers of lncRNAs in CRC.
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44
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Liu J, Xing Y, Xu L, Chen W, Cao W, Zhang C. Decreased expression of pseudogene PTENP1 promotes malignant behaviours and is associated with the poor survival of patients with HNSCC. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41179. [PMID: 28112249 PMCID: PMC5255549 DOI: 10.1038/srep41179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PTENP1, a pseudogene of PTEN, was previously reported to be a tumour suppressor in some cancer types. However, there was no evidence for the biological function and expression of PTENP1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here, we evaluated the function and clinical implications of PTENP1 in HNSCC. Using RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), we found that the level of PTENP1 was reduced in HNSCC specimens compared with adjacent tissues. A decrease in the PTENP1 copy number, but not in the PTEN copy number, was frequently observed in tumour cell lines (4 of 5 cell lines) by genomic real-time PCR. Decreased PTENP1 expression was significantly associated with a history of alcohol use (P = 0.034). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that low expression of PTENP1 correlated with worse overall survival (OS, P = 0.005; HR:0.170; Cl:0.049 to 0.590) and disease-free survival (DFS, P = 0.009; HR:0.195; Cl:0.057 to 0.664) rates of HNSCC patients. Furthermore, ectopic PTENP1 expression inhibited the proliferation, colony formation and migration of HNSCC cells and the growth of xenograft HNSCC tumours. These results demonstrate that PTENP1 might play an important role in the initiation and progression of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yue Xing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Xu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Chenping Zhang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
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Abstract
The mammalian transcriptome includes a large number of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Some studies have reported that numerous kinds of miRNAs and lncRNAs have been implicated in playing key regulatory roles in the occurrence and development of digestive system malignances. Therefore, they are closely related to the clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of digestive system malignances. This review focuses on the recent progress in research of miRNAs and lncRNAs in in digestive system malignancies and discusses their epigenetics roles as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The current and future potential clinical applications of miRNAs and lncRNAs in digestive system malignancies are also discussed, with an aim to provide new ideas and means for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of digestive system malignancies.
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46
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The emerging role of long noncoding RNAs in oral cancer. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 123:235-241. [PMID: 27989708 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although less than 3% of the genome encodes proteins, at least 75% of the genome is transcribed into RNAs with no protein-coding potential (noncoding RNAs [ncRNAs]). On the basis of their size and the arbitrary 200 nucleotides cutoff, ncRNAs are classified into long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) or small ncRNAs (including microRNAs). Over the last few years, the role of microRNAs in oral squamous cells carcinoma (OSCC) has been extensively addressed, but the possible role of lncRNAs in OSCC remains unclear. We aimed to explore and discuss the potential role of lncRNAs in OSCC. The detection of lncRNAs in saliva holds promise not only as a noninvasive diagnostic tool in OSCC but also in the early detection of oral cancer recurrence. lncRNAs are promising future therapeutic targets in the OSCC scenario, and research in this field may expand greatly in the next decade.
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47
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Fang Z, Zhang S, Wang Y, Shen S, Wang F, Hao Y, Li Y, Zhang B, Zhou Y, Yang H. Long non-coding RNA MALAT-1 modulates metastatic potential of tongue squamous cell carcinomas partially through the regulation of small proline rich proteins. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:706. [PMID: 27586393 PMCID: PMC5009554 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously described several abnormally expressed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in tong squamous cell carcinomas (TSCCs) that might be associated with tumor progression. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of abnormally expressed metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT-1) lncRNA in the metastatic potential of TSCC cells and its molecular mechanisms. METHODS Expression levels of MALAT-1 lncRNA were examined via quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in 127 TSCC samples as well as paired adjacent normal tissues and lymph node metastases (if exist). Lentiviral vectors expressing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) were used to knock down the expression of MALAT1 gene in two TSCC cell lines (CAL27 and SCC-25) with relatively higher MALAT-1 expression. Proliferational ability of the TSCC cells was analyzed using water soluble tetrazolium-1 (WST-1) assay. Metastatic abilities of TSCC cells were estimated in-vitro and in-vivo. We also performed a microarray-based screen to identify the genes influenced by MALAT-1 alteration, which were validated by real-time PCR analysis. RESULTS Expression of MALAT-1 lncRNA was enhanced in TSCCs, especially in those with lymph node metastasis (LNM). Knockdown (KD) of MALAT-1 lncRNA in TSCC cells led to impaired migration and proliferation ability in-vitro and fewer metastases in-vivo. DNA microarray analysis showed that several members of small proline rich proteins (SPRR) were up-regulated by KD of MALAT-1 lncRNA in TSCC cells. SPRR2A over-expression could impair distant metastasis of TSCC cells in-vivo. CONCLUSION Enhanced expression of MALAT-1 is associated with the growth and metastatic potential of TSCCs. Knock down of MALAT-1 in TSCCs leads to the up-regulation of certain SPRR proteins, which influenced the distant metastasis of TSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Fang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong province, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufan Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyue Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghua Hao
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong province, China
| | - Yuxia Li
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong province, China
| | - Bingyue Zhang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong province, China
| | - You Zhou
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong province, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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48
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Long Noncoding RNAs as Novel Biomarkers Have a Promising Future in Cancer Diagnostics. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:9085195. [PMID: 27143813 PMCID: PMC4842029 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9085195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancers have a high mortality rate due to lack of suitable specific early diagnosis tumor biomarkers. Emerging evidence is accumulating that lncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) are involved in tumorigenesis, tumor cells proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, extracellular lncRNAs can circulate in body fluids; they can be detected and strongly resist RNases. Many researchers have found that lncRNAs could be good candidates for tumor biomarkers and possessed high specificity, high sensitivity, and noninvasive characteristics. In this review, we summarize the detection methods and possible sources of circulating lncRNAs and outline the biological functions and expression level of the most significant lncRNAs in tissues, cell lines, and body fluids (whole blood, plasma, urine, gastric juice, and saliva) of different kinds of tumors. We evaluate the diagnostic performance of lncRNAs as tumor biomarkers. However, the biological functions and the mechanisms of circulating lncRNAs secretion have not been fully understood. The uniform normalization protocol of sample collection, lncRNAs extraction, endogenous control selection, quality assessment, and quantitative data analysis has not been established. Therefore, we put forward some recommendations that might be investigated in the future if we want to adopt lncRNAs in clinical practice.
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49
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Yu T, Li C, Wang Z, Liu K, Xu C, Yang Q, Tang Y, Wu Y. Non-coding RNAs deregulation in oral squamous cell carcinoma: advances and challenges. Clin Transl Oncol 2015; 18:427-36. [PMID: 26370423 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common cause of cancer death. Despite decades of improvements in exploring new treatments and considerable advance in multimodality treatment, satisfactory curative rates have not yet been reached. The difficulty of early diagnosis and the high prevalence of metastasis associated with OSCC contribute to its dismal prognosis. In the last few decades the emerging data from both tumor biology and clinical trials led to growing interest in the research for predictive biomarkers. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are promising biomarkers. Among numerous kinds of ncRNAs, short ncRNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), have been extensively investigated with regard to their biogenesis, function, and importance in carcinogenesis. In contrast to miRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are much less known concerning their functions in human cancers especially in OSCC. The present review highlighted the roles of miRNAs and newly discovered lncRNAs in oral tumorigenesis, metastasis, and their clinical implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No. 55, Sec. 4, Renminnan Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - C Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No. 55, Sec. 4, Renminnan Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No. 55, Sec. 4, Renminnan Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - K Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No. 55, Sec. 4, Renminnan Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - C Xu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No. 55, Sec. 4, Renminnan Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Q Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No. 55, Sec. 4, Renminnan Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Tang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No. 55, Sec. 4, Renminnan Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Long Noncoding RNAs as New Architects in Cancer Epigenetics, Prognostic Biomarkers, and Potential Therapeutic Targets. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:320214. [PMID: 26448935 PMCID: PMC4584070 DOI: 10.1155/2015/320214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in genome-wide analysis have revealed that 66% of the genome is actively transcribed into noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) while less than 2% of the sequences encode proteins. Among ncRNAs, high-resolution microarray and massively parallel sequencing technologies have identified long ncRNAs (>200 nucleotides) that lack coding protein function. LncRNAs abundance, nuclear location, and diversity allow them to create in association with protein interactome, a complex regulatory network orchestrating cellular phenotypic plasticity via modulation of all levels of protein-coding gene expression. Whereas lncRNAs biological functions and mechanisms of action are still not fully understood, accumulating data suggest that lncRNAs deregulation is pivotal in cancer initiation and progression and metastatic spread through various mechanisms, including epigenetic effectors, alternative splicing, and microRNA-like molecules. Mounting data suggest that several lncRNAs expression profiles in malignant tumors are associated with prognosis and they can be detected in biological fluids. In this review, we will briefly discuss characteristics and functions of lncRNAs, their role in carcinogenesis, and their potential usefulness as diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.
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