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Vimalraj S, Hariprabu KNG, Rahaman M, Govindasami P, Perumal K, Sekaran S, Ganapathy D. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C and its receptor-3 signaling in tumorigenesis. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:326. [PMID: 37663750 PMCID: PMC10474002 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer-promoting ligand vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) activates VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3). The VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 axis is expressed by a range of human tumor cells in addition to lymphatic endothelial cells. Activating the VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling enhances metastasis by promoting lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis inside and around tumors. Stimulation of VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling promotes tumor metastasis in tumors, such as ovarian, renal, pancreatic, prostate, lung, skin, gastric, colorectal, cervical, leukemia, mesothelioma, Kaposi sarcoma, and endometrial carcinoma. We discuss and update the role of VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling in tumor development and the research is still needed to completely comprehend this multifunctional receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | - Mostafizur Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Periyasami Govindasami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Karthikeyan Perumal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Saravanan Sekaran
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077 India
| | - Dhanraj Ganapathy
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077 India
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Alessandrini L, Astolfi L, Daloiso A, Sbaraglia M, Mondello T, Zanoletti E, Franz L, Marioni G. Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Role for Angiogenesis Markers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10733. [PMID: 37445908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite refinements to diagnostic and therapeutic approaches over the last two decades, the outcome of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not shown substantial improvements, especially regarding those with advanced-stage disease. Angiogenesis is believed to be a turning point in the development of solid tumors, being a premise for mass growth and potential distant dissemination. Cancer-induced angiogenesis is a result of increased expression of angiogenic factors, decreased expression of anti-angiogenic factors, or a combination of both. The assessment of angiogenesis has also emerged as a potentially useful biological prognostic and predictive factor in HNSCC. The aim of this review is to assess the level of current knowledge on the neo-angiogenesis markers involved in the biology, behavior, and prognosis of HNSCC. A search (between 1 January 2012 and 10 October 2022) was run in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases. After full-text screening and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, 84 articles are included. The current knowledge and debate on angiogenesis in HNSCC presented in the eligible articles are stratified as follows: (i) diagnostic markers; (ii) prognostic markers; (iii) predictive markers; and (iv) markers with a potential therapeutic role. Angiogenesis is a biological and pathological indicator of malignancies progression and has negative implications in prognosis of some solid tumors; several signals capable of tripping the "angiogenic switch" have also been identified in HNSCC. Although several studies suggested that antiangiogenic agents might be a valuable adjunct to conventional chemo-radiation of HNSCC, their long-term therapeutic value remains uncertain. Further investigations are required on combinations of antiangiogenic agents with conventional chemotherapeutic ones, immunotherapeutic and molecularly targeted agents in HNSCC. Additional data are necessary to pinpoint which patients could benefit most from these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Alessandrini
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Astolfi
- Bioacustic Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Daloiso
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Sbaraglia
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Tiziana Mondello
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Zanoletti
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Franz
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
- Phoniatrics and Audiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Innovation in Clinical Research and Methodology (PhD Program), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gino Marioni
- Phoniatrics and Audiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy
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Pamuk AE, Gedik ME, Sutay Suslu N, Gunaydin G. Candidate Angiogenesis-Related Biomarkers in Patients with Laryngeal Carcinoma (AngLaC): A Prospective Cohort Study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 168:1433-1442. [PMID: 36939422 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis is indeed a vital process in the progression of carcinomas, including that of larynx. Therefore, this study (AngLaC) aimed to identify candidate angiogenesis-related biomarkers in laryngeal carcinoma patients. STUDY DESIGN Prospective controlled cohort study. SETTING Tertiary referral center. METHODS In silico analyses of angiogenesis-related genes in laryngeal carcinoma were performed to determine candidate biomarkers. Serum levels of candidate biomarkers were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in laryngeal carcinoma patients as well as in an age and gender-matched control group. The associations of the biomarkers with clinical parameters were investigated. RESULTS The study included 60 laryngeal carcinoma patients and 20 healthy controls. The serum levels of osteopontin, IGFBP-3, VEGF, sVEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 were significantly higher in the patient group (p < .001, p ≤ .001, p < .001, p < .01, p < .01, respectively). High osteopontin and sVEGFR-1 levels were associated with locoregional-recurrence (p = .024, p = .016, respectively). IGFBP-3 had the highest diagnostic sensitivity (81.4%) and specificity (80%) among the molecules that were investigated (p < .001). High sVEGFR-1 and low VEGFR-2 levels were associated with poor overall-survival (p = .037, p = .027, respectively). High osteopontin and sVEGFR-1 levels were associated with poor disease-specific survival rates (p = .035, p = .018, respectively). CONCLUSION High serum levels of sVEGFR-1 and osteopontin as well as low serum levels of VEGFR-2 proved to be poor prognostic in terms of survival in laryngeal carcinoma. VEGF, sVEGFR1, VEGFR2, IGFBP-3, and osteopontin levels were found to be significantly increased in larynx cancer patients compared to the normal population. Further studies on osteopontin and sVEGFR-1 are required in order to determine their associations with recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Erim Pamuk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Emre Gedik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilda Sutay Suslu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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Rzepakowska A, Żurek M, Grzybowski J, Kotula I, Pihowicz P, Górnicka B, Demkow U, Niemczyk K. Serum and tissue expression of neuropilin 1 in precancerous and malignant vocal fold lesions. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239550. [PMID: 33002021 PMCID: PMC7529309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The study was designed to evaluate the tissue expression of NRP-1 and serum level of sNRP-1 in the same patients with intraepithelial laryngeal lesions or early staged laryngeal cancer to identify the clinical significance of these biomarkers in the diagnosis of laryngeal lesions. Material and methods A prospective analysis of tissue was performed on specimens and blood samples from 49 patients, who were admitted for surgical resection due to suspicious vocal fold lesions and were diagnosed as non-dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia and invasive cancers. Results ELISA was conducted on 48 blood samples. The minimum level of sNRP-1 was 0.15 ng/ml and maximum– 37.71 ng/ml. The Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance revealed no differences in sNRP-1 levels between different histopathological stages of vocal fold lesions (p = 0.234). IHC was conducted in 49 tissue samples. The evaluated mean scores of NRP-1 tissue expression were compared to histopathological stage of the lesion. The Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance revealed no differences in NRP-1 tissue expression between different histopathological stages of vocal fold lesions (p = 0.536). The correlation of tissue NRP-1 expression and serum levels of NRP-1 within analyzed group was insignificant. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was 0.076 (p = 0.606). Conclusions The NRP-1 tissue expression and serum levels are unlikely to be a prognostic factor for identification of laryngeal dysplasia or early stage laryngeal cancer. Further studies investigating biomolecules involved in laryngeal carcinogenesis are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rzepakowska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Michał Żurek
- Students Scientific Research Group at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Grzybowski
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Kotula
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Pihowicz
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Górnicka
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Niemczyk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Misawa Y, Misawa K, Kawasaki H, Imai A, Mochizuki D, Ishikawa R, Endo S, Mima M, Kanazawa T, Iwashita T, Mineta H. Evaluation of epigenetic inactivation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317711657. [PMID: 28718364 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317711657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the methylation status of the genes encoding the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors and to evaluate the usefulness of VEGFR methylation as a prognostic indicator in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. VEGFR messenger RNA expression and promoter methylation were examined in a panel of cell lines via quantitative reverse transcription and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Promoter methylation was compared with clinical characteristics in 128 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma samples. The normalized methylation values for the VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 promoters tended to be higher in the tumour cell lines than in normal tonsil samples, whereas amounts of VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 messenger RNA were significantly higher. Methylation of the VEGFR1 promoter (p = 0.003; 66/128 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma samples, 52%) and VEGFR3 promoter (p = 0.043; 53/128 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma samples, 41%) significantly correlated with recurrence, whereas methylation of the VEGFR2 promoter significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.046; 47/128 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma samples, 37%). Concurrent methylation of the VEGFR1 and VEGFR3 promoters significantly correlated with reduced disease-free survival (log-rank test, p = 0.009). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, methylation of the VEGFR1, VEGFR3 and both the VEGFR1 and VEGFR3 promoters independently predicted recurrence (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals: 3.19, 1.51-6.75 (p = 0.002); 2.24, 1.06-4.76 (p = 0.035); and 2.56, 1.09-6.05 (p = 0.032), respectively). Methylation of the VEGFR promoters predicts poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Misawa
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Misawa
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- 2 Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Imai
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Daiki Mochizuki
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ishikawa
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Shiori Endo
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masato Mima
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kanazawa
- 3 Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Toshihide Iwashita
- 2 Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mineta
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Increased vascular endothelial growth factor expression predicts a worse prognosis for laryngeal cancer patients: a meta-analysis. J Laryngol Otol 2016; 131:44-50. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022215116009610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:This study assessed the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor expression and the laryngeal cancer prognosis.Methods:Systematic computerised searches of PubMed were performed up to 31 January 2015. Prognostic endpoints were overall survival and disease-free survival. The pooled hazard ratios for overall survival and disease-free survival were also calculated.Results:Seven studies containing 975 patients were included. The pooled hazard ratio was 1.703 (95 per cent confidence interval, 1.373 to 2.112; z score = 4.85, p = 0.000) for overall survival and was 1.918 (95 per cent confidence interval, 1.410 to 2.609; z score = 4.15, p = 0.000) for disease-free survival. No significant publication bias was found. A sensitivity analysis showed that the results were robust. Power analyses also showed there was enough power to detect the calculated hazard ratios.Conclusion:The study found that vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression predicted a worse prognosis for laryngeal cancer patients. This supports a strategy of targeted therapy by blocking the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.
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Brush cytology with immunocytochemical evaluation of VEGF expression versus biopsy in clinically precancerous laryngeal lesions: can we diagnose laryngeal cancer only with brush cytology? Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2015; 2015:256182. [PMID: 26457244 PMCID: PMC4589572 DOI: 10.1155/2015/256182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the most common SCC of the head and neck. The high incidence of this malignancy and the low survival rate necessitate the development of novel diagnostic approaches. Aim of this study is to compare the diagnostic value of laryngeal brush cytology combined with VEGF immunocytochemistry versus histopathology of clinically precancerous lesions of the larynx. Material and Methods. Thirty patients with precancerous or suspected malignant laryngeal lesions underwent microlaryngoscopy, during which samples were taken for cytological, immunocytochemical, and histological analysis. Cytology and histology results were classified as follows: benign lesions, atypia/moderate dysplasia, and malignancy, whereas the expression of VEGF was evaluated as strong, moderate, weak, and zero expression, based on the percentage of cells stained. Results. The cytology results were in accordance with the histology results in 86.7% of the patients. The exfoliative cytology's sensitivity was estimated at 85% and its specificity at 90%. Its positive prognostic value was 94%, while its negative prognostic value was 75%. The additional immunocytochemical evaluation of VEGF expression increased all the noted parameters. Discussion. Exfoliative cytology of laryngeal lesions is a minimal-invasive, easily applicable procedure during microlaryngoscopy and reliable in terms of diagnostic value. Under certain conditions it could be held also in local anesthesia. Concurrent immunocytochemical analysis of VEGF expression further enhances its diagnostic value.
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VEGFR-1 overexpression identifies a small subgroup of aggressive prostate cancers in patients treated by prostatectomy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:8591-606. [PMID: 25894226 PMCID: PMC4425098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16048591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The VEGFR-1 is suggested to promote tumor progression. In the current study we analyzed prevalence and prognostic impact of the VEGFR-1 by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing more than 3000 prostate cancer specimens. Results were compared to tumor phenotype, ETS-related gene (ERG) status, and biochemical recurrence. Membranous VEGFR-1 expression was detectable in 32.6% of 2669 interpretable cancers and considered strong in 1.7%, moderate in 6.7% and weak in 24.2% of cases. Strong VEGFR-1 expression was associated with TMPRSS2:ERG fusion status as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (p < 0.0001 each). Elevated VEGFR-1 expression was linked to high Gleason grade and advanced pT stage in TMPRSS2:ERG negative cancers (p = 0.0008 and p = 0.001), while these associations were absent in TMPRSS2:ERG positive cancers. VEGFR-1 expression was also linked to phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deletions. A comparison with prostate specific antigen (PSA) recurrence revealed that the 1.7% of prostate cancers with the highest VEGFR-1 levels had a strikingly unfavorable prognosis. This could be seen in all cancers, in the subsets of TMPRSS2:ERG positive or negative, PTEN deleted or undeleted carcinomas (p < 0.0001 each). High level VEGFR-1 expression is infrequent in prostate cancer, but identifies a subgroup of aggressive cancers, which may be candidates for anti-VEGFR-1 targeted therapy.
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Fang J, Zhou SH, Fan J, Yan SX. Roles of glucose transporter-1 and the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase/protein kinase B pathway in cancer radioresistance (review). Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1573-81. [PMID: 25376370 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying cancer radioresistance remain unclear. Several studies have found that increased glucose transporter‑1 (GLUT‑1) expression is associated with radioresistance. Recently, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway was reported to be involved in the control of GLUT‑1 trafficking and activity. Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway may itself be associated with cancer radioresistance. Thus, increasing attention has been devoted to the effects of modifying the expression of GLUT‑1 and the PI3K/Akt pathway on the increase in the radiosensitivity of cancer cells. This review discusses the importance of the association between elevated expression of GLUT‑1 and activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in the development of radioresistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Sen-Xiang Yan
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Prognostic significance of the Wnt pathway in squamous cell laryngeal cancer. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:298-305. [PMID: 24461629 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the prognostic significance of the Wnt signaling pathway in operable squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. MATERIALS AND METHODS In an annotated cohort of 289 operable laryngeal cancers we evaluated the prognostic impact of E-cadherin, P-cadherin and β-catenin protein expression with immunohistochemistry, as well as the mRNA expression of 7 key effectors of the Wnt pathway including secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4), SNAI2 (SLUG) and WNT5A with qPCR (relative quantification [RQ]). RESULTS Using median immunoreactive scores as a pre-defined cut-off, patients whose tumors overexpressed both cytoplasmic E-cadherin and β-catenin experienced longer median OS as compared to those whose tumors overexpressed β-catenin only (median OS 124 vs. 72 months, p=0.0301) and patients whose tumors overexpressed both cytoplasmic and membranous E-cadherin experienced longer DFS as compared to those whose tumors overexpressed cytoplasmic E-cadherin only (median 118 vs. 91 months, p=0.0106). Upon hierarchical clustering of SFRP4, SNAI2 and WNT5A RQ values, profiles including co-expression of all 3 genes but also profiles with under-expression of SNAI2 and WNT5A were associated with worse outcome as compared to profiles not related to the Wnt pathway. In multivariate analysis, clustering was an independent predictor for DFS (p=0.0221) and OS (p=0.0077). CONCLUSION We identified gene expression profiles and IHC patterns associated with aberrant Wnt signaling conferring aggressive clinical behavior in operable squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Prospective validation of these results will determine whether targeting the Wnt pathway merits investigation in this disease.
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Identification and validation of a multigene predictor of recurrence in primary laryngeal cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70429. [PMID: 23950933 PMCID: PMC3739775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Local recurrence is the major manifestation of treatment failure in patients with operable laryngeal carcinoma. Established clinicopathological factors cannot sufficiently predict patients that are likely to recur after treatment. Additional tools are therefore required to accurately identify patients at high risk for recurrence. This study attempts to identify and independently validate gene expression models, prognostic of disease-free survival (DFS) in operable laryngeal cancer. Materials and Methods Using Affymetrix U133A Genechips, we profiled fresh-frozen tumor tissues from 66 patients with laryngeal cancer treated locally with surgery. We applied Cox regression proportional hazards modeling to identify multigene predictors of recurrence. Gene models were then validated in two independent cohorts of 54 and 187 patients (fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed tissue validation sets, respectively). Results We focused on genes univariately associated with DFS (p<0.01) in the training set. Among several models comprising different numbers of genes, a 30-probe set model demonstrated optimal performance in both the training (log-rank, p<0.001) and 1st validation (p = 0.010) sets. Specifically, in the 1st validation set, median DFS as predicted by the 30-probe set model, was 34 and 80 months for high- and low-risk patients, respectively. Hazard ratio (HR) for recurrence in the high-risk group was 3.87 (95% CI 1.28–11.73, Wald's p = 0.017). Testing the expression of selected genes from the above model in the 2nd validation set, with qPCR, revealed significant associations of single markers, such as ACE2, FLOT1 and PRKD1, with patient DFS. High PRKD1 remained an unfavorable prognostic marker upon multivariate analysis (HR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.28–3.14, p = 0.002) along with positive nodal status. Conclusions We have established and validated gene models that can successfully stratify patients with laryngeal cancer, based on their risk for recurrence. It seems worthy to prospectively validate PRKD1 expression as a laryngeal cancer prognostic marker, for routine clinical applications.
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Mountzios G, Kostopoulos I, Kotoula V, Sfakianaki I, Fountzilas E, Markou K, Karasmanis I, Leva S, Angouridakis N, Vlachtsis K, Nikolaou A, Konstantinidis I, Fountzilas G. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) expression and survival in operable squamous-cell laryngeal cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54048. [PMID: 23365645 PMCID: PMC3554755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prognosis of patients with operable laryngeal cancer is highly variable and therefore potent prognostic biomarkers are warranted. The insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR) signaling pathway plays a critical role in laryngeal carcinogenesis and progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified all patients with localized TNM stage I-III laryngeal cancer managed with potentially curative surgery between 1985 and 2008. Immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of IGF1R-alpha, IGF1R-beta and IGF2R was evaluated using the immunoreactive score (IRS) and mRNA levels of important effectors of the IGFR pathway were assessed, including IGF1R, IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) and members of the MAP-kinase (MAP2K1, MAPK9) and phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PIK3CA, PIK3R1) families. Cox-regression models were applied to assess the predictive value of biomarkers on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Among 289 eligible patients, 95.2% were current or ex smokers, 75.4% were alcohol abusers, 15.6% had node-positive disease and 32.2% had received post-operative irradiation. After a median follow-up of 74.5 months, median DFS was 94.5 months and median OS was 106.3 months. Using the median IRS as the pre-defined cut-off, patients whose tumors had increased IGF1R-alpha cytoplasm or membrane expression experienced marginally shorter DFS and significantly shorter OS compared to those whose tumors had low IGF1R-alpha expression (91.1 vs 106.2 months, p = 0.0538 and 100.3 vs 118.6 months, p = 0.0157, respectively). Increased mRNA levels of MAPK9 were associated with prolonged DFS (p = 0.0655) and OS (p = 0.0344). In multivariate analysis, IGF1R-alpha overexpression was associated with a 46.6% increase in the probability for relapse (p = 0.0374). Independent predictors for poor OS included node-positive disease (HR = 2.569, p<0.0001), subglottic/transglottic localization (HR = 1.756, p = 0.0438) and IGF1R-alpha protein overexpression (HR = 1.475, p = 0.0504). CONCLUSION IGF1R-alpha protein overexpression may serve as an independent predictor of relapse and survival in operable laryngeal cancer. Prospective evaluation of the IGF1R-alpha prognostic utility is warranted.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery
- Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/metabolism
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/genetics
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/mortality
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/surgery
- MAP Kinase Kinase 1/genetics
- MAP Kinase Kinase 1/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9/metabolism
- Neoplasm Staging
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 2/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 2/metabolism
- Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins/genetics
- Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins/metabolism
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannis Mountzios
- Department of Medical Oncology, 251 Airforce General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Kurisetty V, Bryan BA. Aberrations in Angiogenic Signaling and MYC Amplifications are Distinguishing Features of Angiosarcoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 1. [PMID: 25374893 PMCID: PMC4217701 DOI: 10.4172/2329-9495.1000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Angiosarcomas are very aggressive, rare malignant tumors that originate from vascular or lymphatic vessels and primarily occur following chemical exposure or radiation therapy. Tumor response to either chemotherapy, radiation, or novel anti-angiogenic therapeutics is very low, and because little is known regarding the aberrant signaling that controls these tumors, personalized treatment options for many of these patients are lacking. In this review, we summarize several recent findings regarding the genomics of angiosarcomas, including new discoveries regarding aberrant angiogenic signaling and Myc amplification as key features of this tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittal Kurisetty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Brad A Bryan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
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