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Xie C, Zhong LY, Bu GL, Zhao GX, Yuan BY, Liu YT, Sun C, Zeng MS. Anti-EBV antibodies: Roles in diagnosis, pathogenesis, and antiviral therapy. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28793. [PMID: 37212266 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is prevalent in global population and associated with multiple malignancies and autoimmune diseases. During the infection, EBV-harbored or infected cell-expressing antigen could elicit a variety of antibodies with significant role in viral host response and pathogenesis. These antibodies have been extensively evaluated and found to be valuable in predicting disease diagnosis and prognosis, exploring disease mechanisms, and developing antiviral agents. In this review, we discuss the versatile roles of EBV antibodies as important biomarkers for EBV-related diseases, potential driving factors of autoimmunity, and promising therapeutic agents for viral infection and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan-Yi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Long Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge-Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Yu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Liu W, Chen G, Gong X, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Liao X, Liao W, Song L, Xu J, Zhang X. The diagnostic value of EBV-DNA and EBV-related antibodies detection for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:164. [PMID: 33691680 PMCID: PMC7944913 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous individual studies have investigated the diagnostic value of EBV-DNA, EA-IgA, VCA-IgA, EBNA1-IgA and Rta-IgG detection for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but the conclusions remain controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the value of EBV-DNA, EA-IgA, VCA-IgA, EBNA1-IgA and Rta-IgG detection in the diagnosis of NPC. METHODS PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019145532. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Chinese data libraries (Wanfang, CNKI, and CBM) were searched up to January 2019. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood, negative likelihood, and diagnostic odds ratios were conducted in this meta-analysis. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves evaluated the test-performance global summary. Publication bias was examined by Deek's funnel plot asymmetry test. RESULTS Forty-seven studies with 8382 NPC patients (NPC group) and 15,089 individuals without NPC (Control group) were included in this meta-analysis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood (+ LR), negative likelihood (-LR), DOR and AUC of EBV-DNA in diagnosis of NPC were: 0.76 (95% CI 0.73-0.77), 0.96 (95% CI 0.95-0.97), 14.66 (95% CI 9.97-21.55), 0.19 (95% CI 0.13-0.28), 84 (95% CI 50.45-139.88), 0.96 (SE: 0.001), and 0.55 (95% CI 0.54-0.57), 0.96 (95% CI 0.96-0.97), 12.91 (95% CI 9.55-17.45), 0.35 (95% CI 0.29-0.43), 39.57 (95% CI 26.44-59.23), 0.94 (SE: 0.002) for the EA-IgA, and 0.85 (95% CI 0.84-0.85), 0.89 (95% CI 0.88-0.89), 6.73 (95% CI5.38-8.43), 0.17 (95% CI 0.12-0.23), 43.03 (95% CI 31.51-58.76), 0.93 (SE: 0.007) for the VCA-IgA, and 0.86 (95% CI 0.85-0.88), 0.87 (95% CI 0.88-0.90), 7.55 (95% CI 5.79-9.87), 0.16 (95% CI 0.13-0.19), 50.95 (95% CI 34.35-75.57), 0.94 (SE: 0.008) for the EBNA1-IgA, and 0.70 (95% CI 0.69-0.71), 0.94 (95% CI 0.94-0.95), 9.84 (95% CI 8.40-11.54), 0.25 (95% CI 0.21-0.31), 40.59 (95% CI 32.09-51.35), 0.95 (SE: 0.005) for the Rta-IgG. The EBV-DNA had larger AUC compared with other EBV-based antibodies (P < 0.05), while the difference between EA-IgA, VCA-IgA, EBNA1-IgA and Rta-IgG was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS EBV-DNA, VCA-IgA, EBNA1-IgA and Rta-IgG detection have high accuracy in early diagnosis NPC. In addition, EBV-DNA detection has the higher diagnosis accuracy in NPC. On the other hand, EA-IgA is suitable for the diagnosis but not NPC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, #151 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, #151 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, #151 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, #151 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, #151 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, #151 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, #151 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, #151 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, #151 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, #151 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Feng Y, Xia W, He G, Ke R, Liu L, Xie M, Tang A, Yi X. Accuracy Evaluation and Comparison of 14 Diagnostic Markers for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1779. [PMID: 33072558 PMCID: PMC7531263 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to collect published studies and compare the diagnostic accuracy of different markers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang for relevant studies until April 29, 2020. The revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC) values of the diagnostic markers were combined by a bivariate mixed effect model to compare their diagnostic accuracy. We explored heterogeneity through meta-regression. In total, 244 records from 101 articles were included, with 49,432 total study subjects (13,109 cases and 36,323 controls). EA-IgG, Zta-IgG, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA load in non-invasive nasopharyngeal brushings (EBV-DNA brushings) have both high sensitivity and specificity, EBNA1-IgG and VCA-IgG have only high sensitivity, and EBNA1-IgA, VCA-IgA, Rta-IgG, Zta-IgA, HSP70, and serum sialic acid (SA) have only high specificity. The bivariate mixed effect model of EA-IgA had a significant threshold effect. Meta-regression analysis showed that ethnicity affected EBNA1-IgA, EBNA1-IgG, VCA-IgA, and EBV DNA load in plasma, test methods affected EBNA1-IgG, publication year affected VCA-IgA, and sample size affected Rta-IgG. There was significant publication bias for VCA-IgA and Rta-IgG (P < 0.05). EA-IgG, Zta-IgG, and EBV-DNA brushings are good diagnostic markers for NPC. The diagnostic accuracy was influenced by publication year, sample size, test methods, and ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guangyao He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rongdan Ke
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Mao Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Anzhou Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiang Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, China
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Zhang H, Zou X, Wu L, Zhang S, Wang T, Liu P, Zhu W, Zhu J. Identification of a 7-microRNA signature in plasma as promising biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma detection. Cancer Med 2019; 9:1230-1241. [PMID: 31856390 PMCID: PMC6997065 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have become reliable sources of non‐invasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Identification of promising miRNA biomarkers in plasma might benefit a lot to the detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods The Exiqon miRNA qPCR panel was used in the screening stage to identify candidate miRNAs, which were further verified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) in the following three stages among plasma samples from 200 NPC patients and 189 healthy donors (as normal controls [NCs]). The identified miRNAs were further explored in tissue specimens (48 NPC vs 32 NCs) and plasma exosomes (32 NPC vs 32 NCs). Survival analyses were ultimately conducted by Cox regression models and Kaplan‐Meier curves using log‐rank tests. Results We identified a 7‐miRNA signature including let‐7b‐5p, miR‐140‐3p, miR‐144‐3p, miR‐17‐5p, miR‐20a‐5p, miR‐20b‐5p, and miR‐205‐5p in plasma for NPC diagnosis after four‐stage validation. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) for the signature were 0.879, 0.884, 0.921, and 0.807 for the training, testing, external validation stage, and the combined three stages, respectively. In NPC tissues, miR‐144‐3p, miR‐17‐5p, miR‐20a‐5p, and miR‐205‐5p were consistently up‐regulated while let‐7b‐5p and miR‐140‐3p were significantly down‐regulated compared to NCs. However, none of the seven identified miRNAs were dysregulated in plasma‐derived exosomes in NPC patients. As to survival analysis, none of the seven miRNAs seemed to be associated with NPC prognosis. Conclusion We identified a 7‐miRNA signature in plasma as promising non‐invasive biomarkers for NPC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huo Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xuan Zou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Xuhui, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lirong Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tongshan Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, PR China
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Ai P, Li Z, Jiang Y, Song C, Zhang L, Hu H, Wang T. Tumor microenvironment contributes to Epstein-Barr virus anti-nuclear antigen-1 antibody production in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2458-2462. [PMID: 28781683 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear antigen-1 (NA1) protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is expressed in EBV-infected cells in the microenvironment of cancer. Since immune cells infiltrate abundantly in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumor tissues, we hypothesized that the local tumor microenvironment may perform an important role in the production of antibodies directed at NA1. Furthermore, we hypothesized that anti-NA1 antibody originating in the local microenvironment could be secreted into the saliva of patients with NPC. In the present study, 20 healthy controls and 39 patients with NPC treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy were recruited for the study. Saliva and serum samples were collected from the NPC patients, and nasopharyngeal tissue samples from the patients with NPC. The titers of anti-NA1 antibody [immunoglobulin A (IgA)] were determined by ELISA. Expression of NA1, human leukocyte antigen-antigen D related (HLA-DR), cluster of differentiation (CD)80, CD86, CD3, CD4, CD19 and IgA was detected by immunohistochemical staining on paraffin-embedded nasopharyngeal tissue sections. Anti-NA1 antibodies were detected in the serum and saliva samples of the patients with NPC. In infiltrating cells, expression of HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, CD3, CD4, CD19 and IgA was detected, indicating that dendritic cells, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes were all present in the local tumor tissues. Furthermore, expression of EBNA1 protein was detected on the membrane of the NPC tumor cells. Therefore, the NPC tumor microenvironment has the potential to initiate a humoral response to EBNA1 by producing IgA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ai
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Changping Song
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Huaizhong Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Yao JJ, Lin L, Jin YN, Wang SY, Zhang WJ, Zhang F, Zhou GQ, Cheng ZB, Qi ZY, Sun Y. Prognostic value of serum Epstein-Barr virus antibodies in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and undetectable pretreatment Epstein-Barr virus DNA. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1640-1647. [PMID: 28603915 PMCID: PMC5543490 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is closely associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Serum IgA antibodies against early antigen (EA-IgA) and viral capsid antigen (VCA-IgA) are the most commonly used to screen for NPC in endemic areas. However, the prognostic value of serum EA-IgA and VCA-IgA in patients with NPC is less clear. We hypothesize that serum EA-IgA and VCA-IgA levels have prognostic impact for survival outcomes in NPC patients with undetectable pretreatment EBV (pEBV) DNA. In this series, 334 patients with non-metastatic NPC and undetectable pEBV DNA were included. Serum EA-IgA and VCA-IgA were determined by ELISA. After analysis, serum EA-IgA and VCA-IgA loads correlated positively with T, N, and overall stage (all P < 0.05). Serum EA-IgA was not associated with survival outcome in univariable analyses. But patients with serum VCA-IgA >1:120 had significantly inferior 5-year progression-free survival (80.4% vs 89.6%, P = 0.025), distant metastasis-free survival (88.4% vs 94.8%, P = 0.050), and locoregional relapse-free survival (88.4% vs 95.6%, P = 0.023; log-rank test). Multivariable analyses revealed that N stage was the only independent prognostic factor (all P < 0.05), but the VCA-IgA became insignificant. Further analyses revealed that serum VCA-IgA was not an independent prognostic factor in early N (N0-1) or advanced N (N2-3) stage NPC. In summary, although both EA-IgA and VCA-IgA correlate strongly with TNM stage, our analyses do not suggest that these antibodies are prognostic biomarkers in patients with NPC and undetectable pEBV DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Jin Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Nan Jin
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Yang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wang-Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Health Information Research Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guan-Qun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Qi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Peng YH, Xu YW, Huang LS, Zhai TT, Dai LH, Qiu SQ, Yang YS, Chen WZ, Zhang LQ, Li EM, Xu LY. Autoantibody Signatures Combined with Epstein-Barr Virus Capsid Antigen-IgA as a Biomarker Panel for the Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:729-36. [PMID: 25990085 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is prevalent in Southern China and Southeast Asia, and autoantibody signatures may improve early detection of NPC. In this study, serum levels of autoantibodies against a panel of six tumor-associated antigens (p53, NY-ESO-1, MMP-7, Hsp70, Prx VI, and Bmi-1) and Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen-IgA (VCA-IgA) were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a training set (220 NPC patients and 150 controls) and validated in a validation set (90 NPC patients and 68 controls). We used receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) to calculate diagnostic accuracy. ROC curves showed that use of these 6 autoantibody assays provided an area under curve (AUC) of 0.855 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.818-0.892], 68.2% sensitivity, and 90.0% specificity in the training set and an AUC of 0.873 (95% CI, 0.821-0.925), 62.2% sensitivity, and 91.2% specificity in the validation set. Moreover, the autoantibody panel maintained diagnostic accuracy for VCA-IgA-negative NPC patients [0.854 (0.809-0.899), 67.8%, and 90.0% in the training set; 0.879 (0.815-0.942), 67.4%, and 91.2% in the validation set]. Importantly, combination of the autoantibody panel and VCA-IgA improved diagnostic accuracy for NPC versus controls compared with the autoantibody panel alone [0.911 (0.881-0.940), 81.4%, and 90.0% in the training set; 0.919 (0.878-0.959), 78.9%, and 91.2% in the validation set), as well as for early-stage NPC (0.944 (0.894-0.994), 87.9%, and 94.0% in the training set; 0.922 (0.808-1.000), 80.0%, and 92.6% in the validation set]. These results reveal autoantibody signatures in an optimized panel that could improve the identification of VCA-IgA-negative NPC patients, may aid screening and diagnosis of NPC, especially when combined with VCA-IgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China. The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China. The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China. Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Sheng Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Hua Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Si-Qi Qiu
- The Breast Center, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Su Yang
- Record Room, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Zheng Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Qun Zhang
- Department of Information, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - En-Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China. Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China.
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Zur Hausen H, de Villiers EM. Reprint of: cancer "causation" by infections--individual contributions and synergistic networks. Semin Oncol 2015; 42:207-22. [PMID: 25843727 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The search for infectious agents playing a role in human carcinogenesis and their identification remain important issues. This could provide clues for a broader spectrum of cancers preventable by vaccination and accessible to specific therapeutic regimens. Yet, the various ways of interacting among different factors functioning synergistically and their different modes of affecting individual cells should bring to question the validity of the term "causation". It also should put a word of caution into all attempts to summarize criteria for "causality" of infectious agents in cancer development. At least in the opinion of these authors, we would be much better off avoiding these terms, replacing "causal factor" by "risk factor" and grading them according to their contribution to an individual's cancer risk.
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zur Hausen H, de Villiers EM. Cancer "causation" by infections--individual contributions and synergistic networks. Semin Oncol 2014; 41:860-75. [PMID: 25499643 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The search for infectious agents playing a role in human carcinogenesis and their identification remain important issues. This could provide clues for a broader spectrum of cancers preventable by vaccination and accessible to specific therapeutic regimens. Yet, the various ways of interacting among different factors functioning synergistically and their different modes of affecting individual cells should bring to question the validity of the term "causation". It also should put a word of caution into all attempts to summarize criteria for "causality" of infectious agents in cancer development. At least in the opinion of these authors, we would be much better off avoiding these terms, replacing "causal factor" by "risk factor" and grading them according to their contribution to an individual's cancer risk.
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10
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Xiao L, Xiao T, Wang ZM, Cho WCS, Xiao ZQ. Biomarker discovery of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 11:215-25. [PMID: 24611579 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.897613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in southern China and southern Asia, and poses one of the most serious public health problems in these areas. Early diagnosis, predicting metastasis, recurrence, prognosis and therapeutic response of NPC remain a challenge. Discovery of diagnostic and predictive biomarkers is an ideal way to achieve these objectives. Proteomics has great potential in identifying cancer biomarkers. Comparative proteomics has identified a large number of potential biomarkers associated with NPC, although the clinical performance of such biomarkers needs to be further validated. In this article, we review the latest discovery and progress of biomarkers for early diagnosis, predicting metastasis, recurrence, prognosis and therapeutic response of NPC, inform the readers of the current status of proteomics-based NPC biomarker findings and suggest avenues for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Liu YR, Huang SY, Chen JY, Wang LHC. Microtubule depolymerization activates the Epstein–Barr virus lytic cycle through protein kinase C pathways in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:2750-2758. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.058040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of antibodies against Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and the presence of viral DNA in plasma are reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in high-prevalence areas, such as South-East Asia. The presence of these viral markers in the circulation suggests that a minimal level of virus reactivation may have occurred in an infected individual, although the underlying mechanism of reactivation remains to be elucidated. Here, we showed that treatment with nocodazole, which provokes the depolymerization of microtubules, induces the expression of two EBV lytic cycle proteins, Zta and EA-D, in EBV-positive NPC cells. This effect was independent of mitotic arrest, as viral reactivation was not abolished in cells synchronized at interphase. Notably, the induction of Zta by nocodazole was mediated by transcriptional upregulation via protein kinase C (PKC). Pre-treatment with inhibitors for PKC or its downstream signalling partners p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) abolished the nocodazole-mediated induction of Zta and EA-D. Interestingly, the effect of nocodazole, as well as colchicine and vinblastine, on lytic gene expression occurred only in NPC epithelial cells but not in cells derived from lymphocytes. These results establish a novel role of microtubule integrity in controlling the EBV life cycle through PKC and its downstream pathways, which represents a tissue-specific mechanism for controlling the life-cycle switch of EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology in Medicine of National Tsing Hua University and National Health Research Institutes, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yen Huang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology in Medicine of National Tsing Hua University and National Health Research Institutes, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Lily Hui-Ching Wang
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Generation and characterization of a novel recombinant antibody against LMP1-TES1 of Epstein-Barr virus isolated by phage display. Viruses 2013; 5:1131-42. [PMID: 23609879 PMCID: PMC3705269 DOI: 10.3390/v5041131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) is a primary target for controlling tumorigenesis in Epstein-Barr virus related malignancies; in this study, we aimed to develop a specific antibody against the TES1 domain of the oncogenic LMP1. We screened a full human naïve Fab phage library against TES1 peptide, which consisted of C terminal-activating regions proximal 44 amino acids. After three rounds of panning, enrichment and testing by phage ELISA and further analyzed by DNA sequencing, we selected a phage clone with the highest affinity to LMP1-TES1 and designated it as htesFab. The positive clone was expressed in Escherichia coli and the purified htesFab was characterized for its binding specificity and affinity to LMP1. ELISA, immunofluorescence and FACS analysis confirmed that htesFab could recognize LMP1 TES1 both in vitro and in LMP1 expressing HNE2-LMP1 cells. Furthermore, MTT assay showed that htesFab inhibited the proliferation of HNE2-LMP1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, this study reported the isolation and characterization of human Fab, which specifically targets the C terminal region/TES1 of LMP1, and has potential to be developed as novel tool for the diagnosis and therapy of Epstein-Barr virus related carcinoma.
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