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Paya L, Rafat A, Talebi M, Aghbali A, Shahidi N, Nejati B, Emamverdizadeh P, Nozad Charoudeh H. The Effect of Tumor Resection and Radiotherapy on the Expression of Stem Cell Markers (CD44 and CD133) in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2024; 18:92-99. [PMID: 38680713 PMCID: PMC11055418 DOI: 10.18502/ijhoscr.v18i1.14748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSCCs) are heterogeneous malignancies that comprise 90% of the head and neck cancers. HNSCCs originate from the mucosal lining epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) that generate HNSCCs with the CD44, CD133, and ALDH phenotype and are resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In the current, the quantitative alteration in CD44 and CD133 expression pre- and post-tumor resection and radiotherapy was evaluated in HNSCC patients. Moreover, the alterations in the expression of Bax, Bak, Bcl-2, ALDH, and PTEN genes were measured. Materials and Methods: Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the alterations in CD44 and CD133 surface markers pre- and posttumor resection and radiotherapy. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to investigate the mRNA expression levels of Bax, Bak, Bcl-2, ALDH, and PTEN. Results: The results indicated that the cancer stem cell CD44 surface marker significantly decreased after tumor resection and radiotherapy in HNSCC cases, while the decrease was insignificant for CD133 marker expression. mRNA expression level of Bcl-2 and ALDH was increased, but Bax and Bak gene expressions were reduced significantly Conclusion: The results also indicated that the expression of CD44 significantly decreased after tumor resection and radiotherapy. The upregulation of mRNA level of Bcl-2 and ALDH, and the downregulation of Bax and Bak gene expression were noted in these cases when compared to the healthy control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Paya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Rafat
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirala Aghbali
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nikzad Shahidi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tabriz University of Medical Science, East Azarbaijan, Iran
| | - Babak Nejati
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parya Emamverdizadeh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Liu YN, Tsai MF, Wu SG, Chang TH, Shih JY. CD44s and CD44v8-10 isoforms confer acquired resistance to osimertinib by activating the ErbB3/STAT3 signaling pathway. Life Sci 2024; 336:122345. [PMID: 38092140 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant lung cancers respond well to osimertinib, acquired resistance to osimertinib eventually develops through EGFR-dependent and EGFR-independent resistance mechanisms. CD44 splicing variants are widely expressed in lung cancer tissues. However, it remains unclear whether specific splicing variants are involved in acquired resistance to osimertinib. MAIN METHODS The real-time PCR was performed to measure the expression levels of total CD44 and specific CD44 splicing variants (CD44s or CD44v). Gene knockdown and restoration were performed to investigate the effects of CD44 splicing variants on osimertinib sensitivity. Activation of the signaling pathway was evaluated using receptor-tyrosine-kinase phosphorylation membrane arrays, co-immunoprecipitation, and western blotting. KEY FINDINGS Clinical analysis demonstrated that the expression level of total CD44 increased in primary cancer cells from lung adenocarcinomas patients after the development of acquired resistance to osimertinib. Furthermore, osimertinib-resistant cells showed elevated levels of either the CD44s variant or CD44v variants. Manipulations of CD44s or CD44v8-10 were performed to investigate their effects on treatment sensitivity to osimertinib. Knockdown of CD44 increased osimertinib-induced cell death in osimertinib-resistant cells. However, restoration of CD44s or CD44v8-10 in CD44-knockdown H1975/AZD-sgCD44 cells induced osimertinib resistance. Mechanically, we showed that ErbB3 interacted with CD44 and was transactivated by CD44, that consequently triggered activation of the ErbB3/STAT3 signaling pathway and led to CD44s- or CD44v8-10-mediated osimertinib resistance. SIGNIFICANCE CD44 is a co-receptor for ErbB3 and triggers activation of the ErbB3 signaling axis, leading to acquired resistance to osimertinib. CD44/ErbB3 signaling may represent a therapeutic target for overcoming osimertinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Feng Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Gin Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hua Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuan Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Olmedo I, Martínez D, Carrasco-Rojas J, Jara JA. Mitochondria in oral cancer stem cells: Unraveling the potential drug targets for new and old drugs. Life Sci 2023; 331:122065. [PMID: 37659591 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is a major health problem worldwide, with most cases arising in the oral cavity. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer, accounting for over 90% of all cases. Compared to other types of cancer, OSCC, has the worse prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 50%. Additionally, OSCC is characterized by a high rate of resistance to chemotherapy treatment, which may be partly explained by the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) subpopulation. CSC can adapt to harmful environmental condition and are highly resistant to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments, thus contributing to tumor relapse. The aim of this review is to highlight the role of mitochondria in oral CSC as a potential target for oral cancer treatment. For this purpose, we reviewed some fundamental aspects of the most validated protein markers of stemness, autophagy, the mitochondrial function and energy metabolism in oral CSC. Moreover, a discussion will be made on why energy metabolism, especially oxidative phosphorylation in CSC, may offer such a diverse source of original pharmacological target for new drugs. Finally, we will describe some drugs able to disturb mitochondrial function, with emphasis on those aimed to interrupt the electron transport chain function, as novel therapeutic strategies in multidrug-resistant oral CSC. The reutilization of old drugs approved for clinical use as new antineoplastics, in cancer treatment, is also matter of revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Olmedo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Martínez
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Carrasco-Rojas
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - José A Jara
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Toxicological and Pharmacological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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4
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Hu X, Chen Y, Zhuang L, Zhang S. ZNF677 inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma growth and tumor stemness by regulating FOXO3a. Hum Cell 2023:10.1007/s13577-023-00910-w. [PMID: 37129799 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00910-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common cancer with an increasing incidence worldwide. Zinc-finger proteins 677 (ZNF677) is involved in the progression and methylation of various cancers, but its role and mechanism in OSCC remain indeterminate. The expression of ZNF677 was analyzed by online database and immunohistochemistry, while the methylation level of ZNF677 was determined by the methylation-specific PCR. The role and mechanism of ZNF677 in the tumor cell growth, migration, invasion and stemness were addressed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, Transwell, wound-healing, sphere‑formation, and western blot assays. In addition, its function was also investigated in a xenografted mice model. The results showed that ZNF677 was lowly expressed in OSCC with a hypermethylation level, which predicted poor overall survival in patients with HNSC. Upregulation of ZNF677 reduced the cell viability, Edu positive cells, numbers of invasion cells, the migration ability, numbers of spheres formation and the expression of proliferation, migration and stemness related proteins in CAL-27 and SCC25 cells. Mechanically, the relative levels of p-AKT/AKT were decreased and the levels of p-FOXO3a/FOXO3a were increased in both cells overexpressed with ZNF677, which were reversed by the SC79 treatment. Moreover, interference of FOXO3a recovered the suppressive effects of ZNF677 overexpression on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and stemness of OSCC cells. Furthermore, overexpression of ZNF677 reduced the tumor volume and weight, and the relative protein level of p-AKT/AKT with an increased level of p-FOXO3a/FOXO3a, and improved pathological symptoms in vivo. Collectively, ZNF677 suppressed OSCC cells growth, migration, invasion and stemness through inhibiting AKT/FOXO3a pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebiao Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 250, East Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 250, East Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Yanru Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 250, East Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Liangliang Zhuang
- Department of Stomatology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, No. 250, East Street, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Jinjiang Stomatological Hospital, Quanzhou, 362200, Fujian, China
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5
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Gerardo-Ramírez M, Giam V, Becker D, Groth M, Hartmann N, Morrison H, May-Simera HL, Radsak MP, Marquardt JU, Galle PR, Herrlich P, Straub BK, Hartmann M. Deletion of Cd44 Inhibits Metastasis Formation of Liver Cancer in Nf2-Mutant Mice. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091257. [PMID: 37174657 PMCID: PMC10177437 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. An increasing body of evidence suggests that the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway plays a critical role in restricting cell proliferation and determining cell fate during physiological and pathological processes in the liver. Merlin (Moesin-Ezrin-Radixin-like protein) encoded by the NF2 (neurofibromatosis type 2) gene is an upstream regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway. Targeting of Merlin to the plasma membrane seems to be crucial for its major tumor-suppressive functions; this is facilitated by interactions with membrane-associated proteins, including CD44 (cluster of differentiation 44). Mutations within the CD44-binding domain of Merlin have been reported in many human cancers. This study evaluated the relative contribution of CD44- and Merlin-dependent processes to the development and progression of liver tumors. To this end, mice with a liver-specific deletion of the Nf2 gene were crossed with Cd44-knockout mice and subjected to extensive histological, biochemical and molecular analyses. In addition, cells were isolated from mutant livers and analyzed by in vitro assays. Deletion of Nf2 in the liver led to substantial liver enlargement and generation of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (iCCAs), as well as mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinomas. Whilst deletion of Cd44 had no influence on liver size or primary liver tumor development, it significantly inhibited metastasis formation in Nf2-mutant mice. CD44 upregulates expression of integrin β2 and promotes transendothelial migration of liver cancer cells, which may facilitate metastatic spreading. Overall, our results suggest that CD44 may be a promising target for intervening with metastatic spreading of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Gerardo-Ramírez
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Vanessa Giam
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Diana Becker
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Nils Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Helen Morrison
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Helen L May-Simera
- Cilia Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus P Radsak
- Department of Medicine III, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens U Marquardt
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23558 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Peter R Galle
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Herrlich
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Beate K Straub
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Monika Hartmann
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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6
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Herzog AE, Somayaji R, Nör JE. Bmi-1: A master regulator of head and neck cancer stemness. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1080255. [PMID: 36726797 PMCID: PMC9884974 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1080255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are composed of a diverse group of malignancies, many of which exhibit an unacceptably low patient survival, high morbidity and poor treatment outcomes. The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis provides an explanation for the substantial patient morbidity associated with treatment resistance and the high frequency of tumor recurrence/metastasis. Stem cells are a unique population of cells capable of recapitulating a heterogenous organ from a single cell, due to their capacity to self-renew and differentiate into progenitor cells. CSCs share these attributes, in addition to playing a pivotal role in cancer initiation and progression by means of their high tumorigenic potential. CSCs constitute only a small fraction of tumor cells but play a major role in tumor initiation and therapeutic evasion. The shift towards stem-like phenotype fuels many malignant features of a cancer cell and mediates resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Bmi-1 is a master regulator of stem cell self-renewal as part of the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and has emerged as a prominent player in cancer stem cell biology. Bmi-1 expression is upregulated in CSCs, which is augmented by tumor-promoting factors and various conventional chemotherapies. Bmi-1+ CSCs mediate chemoresistance and metastasis. On the other hand, inhibiting Bmi-1 rescinds CSC function and re-sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy. Therefore, elucidating the functional role of Bmi-1 in CSC-mediated cancer progression may unveil an attractive target for mechanism-based, developmental therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the parallels in the role of Bmi-1 in stem cell biology of health and disease and explore how this can be leveraged to advance clinical treatment strategies for head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E. Herzog
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ritu Somayaji
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jacques E. Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Universityof Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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7
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Kamal IM, Temerik DF, Yassin EH, Mosad E, A H, Hussien MT. Prognostic Outcome of Mesenchymal Transition Biomarkers in Correlation with EGFR Expression in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:4213-4225. [PMID: 36580004 PMCID: PMC9971466 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.12.4213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD44 is an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) surface receptor that regulates the interactivity between the cells and the extracellular matrix, thereby promoting cell migration. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family is a trans-membrane kinase-related protein. It regulates cell adhesion proteins, which may promote cell proliferation and invasiveness. Mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET) is another EMT receptor that stimulates cell proliferation, invasion, survival, and angiogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of CD44, EGFR expressions, and MET gene amplification in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study, including 85 cases of EOC. CD44 and EGFR expressions were evaluated in both epithelial and stromal cells by immunohistochemistry. Tumor cells also underwent a cytogenetic analysis using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect MET gene amplification. RESULTS High CD44 expression in tumors was significantly associated with serous subtypes (P=0.001), peritoneal deposits (P=0.002), and advanced stage (P=0.002). EGFR high tumor expression demonstrated a significant association with lymph node metastasis (P=0.038) and the advanced stage of EOC (P=0.016). Increased copy number of the MET gene was significantly associated with partial therapy response (P=0.030). CD44 and EGFR tumor high expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS). In addition, MET gene gain in tumors was associated with a shorter OS (P=0.000). CONCLUSION EMT biomarkers (CD44 and MET) and EGFR expression in EOC are independent prognostic factors for OS. MET gene increase copy number was detected in cases of serous neoplasm and associated with poor survival and minimal therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa Mostafa Kamal
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Doaa F Temerik
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Etemad H Yassin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Eman Mosad
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Hanan A
- Department of Medical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut Egypt.
| | - Marwa T Hussien
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. ,For Correspondence:
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8
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Patel U, Kannan S, Rane SU, Mittal N, Gera P, Patil A, Manna S, Shejwal V, Noronha V, Joshi A, Patil VM, Prabhash K, Mahimkar MB. Prognostic and predictive roles of cancer stem cell markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients receiving chemoradiotherapy with or without nimotuzumab. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1439-1449. [PMID: 35140342 PMCID: PMC9091234 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-EGFR-based therapies have limited success in HNSCC patients. Predictive biomarkers are needed to identify the patients most likely to benefit from these therapies. Here, we present predictive and prognostic associations of different cancer stem cell markers in HPV-negative locally advanced (LA) HNSCC patients. METHODS Pretreatment tumour tissues of 404 HPV-negative LA-HNSCCs patients, a subset of-phase 3-randomised study comparing cisplatin-radiation(CRT) and nimotuzumab plus cisplatin-radiation(NCRT) were examined. The expression levels of CD44, CD44v6, CD98hc, ALDH1A1, SOX2 and OCT4A were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Progression-free survival(PFS), loco-regional control(LRC),- and overall survival(OS) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Hazard ratios were estimated by Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS NCRT showed significantly improved OS with low membrane expression of CD44 compared to CRT [HR (95% CI) = 0.63 (0.46-0.88)]. Patients with low CD44v6 also showed better outcomes with NCRT [LRC: HR (95% CI) = 0.25 (0.10-0.62); OS: HR (95% CI) = 0.38 (0.19-0.74)]. No similar benefit with NCRT observed in patients with high CD44 or CD44v6 expression. Bootstrap resampling confirmed the predictive effect of CD44 (Interaction P = 0.015) and CD44v6 (Interaction P = 0.041) for OS. Multivariable Cox analysis revealed an independent negative prognostic role of CD98hc membrane expression for LRC [HR (95% CI) = 0.63(0.39-1.0)] and OS[HR (95% CI) = 0.62 (0.40-0.95)]. CONCLUSIONS CD44 and CD44v6 are potential predictive biomarkers for NCRT response. CD98hc emerged as an independent negative prognostic biomarker. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India (Trial registration identifier-CTRI/2014/09/004980).
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Patel
- grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Mahimkar Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India ,grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Sadhana Kannan
- grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India ,grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Biostatistician, Clinical Research Secretariat, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Swapnil U. Rane
- grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India ,grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Department of Pathology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Neha Mittal
- grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India ,grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Poonam Gera
- grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India ,grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Biorepository, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Asawari Patil
- grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India ,grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Department of Pathology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Subhakankha Manna
- grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Mahimkar Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Vishwayani Shejwal
- grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Mahimkar Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Vanita Noronha
- grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India ,grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Amit Joshi
- grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India ,grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Vijay M. Patil
- grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India ,grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Kumar Prabhash
- grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India ,grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Manoj B. Mahimkar
- grid.410871.b0000 0004 1769 5793Mahimkar Lab, Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India ,grid.450257.10000 0004 1775 9822Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
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9
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Buksh BF, Knutson SD, Oakley JV, Bissonnette NB, Oblinsky DG, Schwoerer MP, Seath CP, Geri JB, Rodriguez-Rivera FP, Parker DL, Scholes GD, Ploss A, MacMillan DW. μMap-Red: Proximity Labeling by Red Light Photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6154-6162. [PMID: 35363468 PMCID: PMC9843638 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Modern proximity labeling techniques have enabled significant advances in understanding biomolecular interactions. However, current tools primarily utilize activation modes that are incompatible with complex biological environments, limiting our ability to interrogate cell- and tissue-level microenvironments in animal models. Here, we report μMap-Red, a proximity labeling platform that uses a red-light-excited SnIV chlorin e6 catalyst to activate a phenyl azide biotin probe. We validate μMap-Red by demonstrating photonically controlled protein labeling in vitro through several layers of tissue, and we then apply our platform in cellulo to label EGFR microenvironments and validate performance with STED microscopy and quantitative proteomics. Finally, to demonstrate labeling in a complex biological sample, we deploy μMap-Red in whole mouse blood to profile erythrocyte cell-surface proteins. This work represents a significant methodological advance toward light-based proximity labeling in complex tissue environments and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benito F. Buksh
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Steve D. Knutson
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - James V. Oakley
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Noah B. Bissonnette
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Michael P. Schwoerer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Ciaran P. Seath
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jacob B. Geri
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Dann L. Parker
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | | | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - David W.C. MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA,Corresponding Author: David W. C. MacMillan − Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States;
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10
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Zou W, Zhang Y, Bai G, Zhuang J, Wei L, Wang Z, Sun M, Wang J. siRNA-induced CD44 knockdown suppresses the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer stem cells through inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1969-1978. [PMID: 35229451 PMCID: PMC8980945 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44 has shown prognostic values and promising therapeutic potential in multiple human cancers; however, the effects of CD44 silencing on biological behaviors of cancer stem cells (CSCs) have not been fully understood in colorectal cancer. To examine the contribution of siRNA‐induced knockdown of CD44 to the biological features of colorectal CSCs, colorectal CSCs HCT116‐CSCs were generated, and CD44 was knocked down in HCT116‐CSCs using siRNA. The proliferation, migration and invasion of HCT116‐CSCs were measured, and apoptosis and cell‐cycle analyses were performed. The sensitivity of HCT116‐CSCs to oxaliplatin was tested, and xenograft tumor growth assay was performed to examine the role of CD44 in HCT116‐CSCs tumorigenesis in vivo. In addition, the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin and vimentin was quantified. siRNA‐induced knockdown of CD44 was found to inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion, induce apoptosis, promote cell‐cycle arrest at the G1/G0 phase and increase the sensitivity of HCT116‐CSCs to oxaliplatin in HCT116‐CSCs, and knockdown of CD44 suppressed in vivo tumorigenesis and intrapulmonary metastasis of HCT116‐CSCs. Moreover, silencing CD44 resulted in EMT inhibition. Our findings demonstrate that siRNA‐induced CD44 knockdown suppresses the proliferation, invasion and in vivo tumorigenesis and metastasis of colorectal CSCs by inhibiting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Zou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- The Second Department of Surgery, Xiamen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Xiamen City, China
| | - Guangfu Bai
- Department of Emergency, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi City, China
| | - Jialu Zhuang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, China
| | - Lin Wei
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, China
| | - Zishu Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, China
| | - Meiqun Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, China
| | - Junbin Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu City, China
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11
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Shahoumi LA. Oral Cancer Stem Cells: Therapeutic Implications and Challenges. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:685236. [PMID: 35048028 PMCID: PMC8757826 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.685236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is currently one of the 10 most common malignancies worldwide, characterized by a biologically highly diverse group of tumors with non-specific biomarkers and poor prognosis. The incidence rate of HNSCC varies widely throughout the world, with an evident prevalence in developing countries such as those in Southeast Asia and Southern Africa. Tumor relapse and metastasis following traditional treatment remain major clinical problems in oral cancer management. Current evidence suggests that therapeutic resistance and metastasis of cancer are mainly driven by a unique subpopulation of tumor cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), or cancer-initiating cells (CICs), which are characterized by their capacity for self-renewal, maintenance of stemness and increased tumorigenicity. Thus, more understanding of the molecular mechanisms of CSCs and their behavior may help in developing effective therapeutic interventions that inhibit tumor growth and progression. This review provides an overview of the main signaling cascades in CSCs that drive tumor repropagation and metastasis in oral cancer, with a focus on squamous cell carcinoma. Other oral non-SCC tumors, including melanoma and malignant salivary gland tumors, will also be considered. In addition, this review discusses some of the CSC-targeted therapeutic strategies that have been employed to combat disease progression, and the challenges of targeting CSCs, with the aim of improving the clinical outcomes for patients with oral malignancies. Targeting of CSCs in head and neck cancer (HNC) represents a promising approach to improve disease outcome. Some CSC-targeted therapies have already been proven to be successful in pre-clinical studies and they are now being tested in clinical trials, mainly in combination with conventional treatment regimens. However, some studies revealed that CSCs may not be the only players that control disease relapse and progression of HNC. Further, clinical research studying a combination of therapies targeted against head and neck CSCs may provide significant advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linah A Shahoumi
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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12
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Evrard C, Faway E, De Vuyst E, Svensek O, De Glas V, Bergerat D, Salmon M, De Backer O, Flamion B, Le-Buanec H, Lambert de Rouvroit C, Poumay Y. Deletion of TNFAIP6 Gene in Human Keratinocytes Demonstrates a Role for TSG-6 to Retain Hyaluronan Inside Epidermis. JID INNOVATIONS 2021; 1:100054. [PMID: 34909750 PMCID: PMC8659394 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TSG-6 is a soluble protein secreted in the extracellular matrix by various cell types in response to inflammatory stimuli. TSG-6 interacts with extracellular matrix molecules, particularly hyaluronan (HA), and promotes cutaneous wound closure in mice. Between epidermal cells, the discrete extracellular matrix contains HA and a tiny amount of TSG-6. However, challenges imposed to keratinocytes in reconstructed human epidermis revealed strong induction of TSG-6 expression, after exposure to T helper type 2 cytokines to recapitulate the atopic dermatitis phenotype or after fungal infection that causes secretion of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. After both types of challenge, enhanced release of TSG-6 happens simultaneously with increased HA production. TSG-6 deficiency in N/TERT keratinocytes was created by inactivating TNFAIP6 using CRISPR/Cas9. Some TSG-6 -/- keratinocytes analyzed through scratch assays tend to migrate more slowly but produce reconstructed human epidermis that exhibits normal morphology and differentiation. Few significant alterations were noticed by transcriptomic analysis. Nevertheless, reduced HA content in TSG-6 -/- reconstructed human epidermis was observed, along with enhanced HA release into the culture medium, and this phenotype was even more pronounced after the challenging conditions. Reintroduction of cells producing TSG-6 in reconstructed human epidermis reduced HA leakage. Our results show a role for TSG-6 in sequestering HA between epidermal cells in response to inflammation.
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Key Words
- AD, atopic dermatitis
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- GEO, Gene Expression Omnibus
- HA, hyaluronan
- HAS, hyaluronan synthase
- KC, keratinocyte
- KLK, kallikrein
- RHE, reconstructed human epidermis
- RNA-seq, RNA sequencing
- Th, T helper type
- crRNA, CRISPR RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Evrard
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Emilie Faway
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Evelyne De Vuyst
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Olivier Svensek
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Valérie De Glas
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | | | | | - Olivier De Backer
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Bruno Flamion
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Hélène Le-Buanec
- Laboratory of Oncodermatology, Immunology, and Cutaneous Stem Cells, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U976, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Lambert de Rouvroit
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Yves Poumay
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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13
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Takei J, Asano T, Suzuki H, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Epitope Mapping of the Anti-CD44 Monoclonal Antibody (C 44Mab-46) Using Alanine-Scanning Mutagenesis and Surface Plasmon Resonance. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2021; 40:219-226. [PMID: 34678095 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2021.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44 is a type I transmembrane protein expressed in various kinds of normal cancer cells, including pancreatic, breast, and oral cancers. CD44 is associated with cancer progression, metastases, and treatment resistance. CD44 consists of 20 exons, and various isoforms exist due to alternative splicing of the central 10 exons. Some splicing variants show cancer-specific expression patterns and are related to prognosis of patients with cancer. Therefore, CD44 targeting therapy has been attracting attention. In a previous study, we established an anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody, C44Mab-46 (IgG1, kappa), useful for flow cytometry, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry by immunizing mice with CD44v3-10 ectodomain. This study investigated the binding epitope of C44Mab-46 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with the synthesized peptide. ELISA results using deletion mutants showed that C44Mab-46 reacted with the amino acids (aa) of 161-180 aa of CD44. Further examination of the C44Mab-46 epitope using ELISA with point mutants in 161-180 aa of CD44 demonstrates that the C44Mab-46 epitope comprised Thr174, Asp177, and Val178. The SPR with point mutants in 161-180 aa of CD44 demonstrated that the C44Mab-46 epitope comprises Thr174, Asp175, Asp176, Asp177, and Val178. Together, the C44Mab-46 epitope was determined to be located in exon 5 of CD44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Takei
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Teizo Asano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, and Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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14
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Current Insights into Oral Cancer Diagnostics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11071287. [PMID: 34359370 PMCID: PMC8303371 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common head and neck malignancies and has an overall 5-year survival rate that remains below 50%. Oral cancer is generally preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) but determining the risk of OPMD progressing to cancer remains a difficult task. Several diagnostic technologies have been developed to facilitate the detection of OPMD and oral cancer, and some of these have been translated into regulatory-approved in vitro diagnostic systems or medical devices. Furthermore, the rapid development of novel biomarkers, electronic systems, and artificial intelligence may help to develop a new era where OPMD and oral cancer are detected at an early stage. To date, a visual oral examination remains the routine first-line method of identifying oral lesions; however, this method has certain limitations and as a result, patients are either diagnosed when their cancer reaches a severe stage or a high-risk patient with OPMD is misdiagnosed and left untreated. The purpose of this article is to review the currently available diagnostic methods for oral cancer as well as possible future applications of novel promising technologies to oral cancer diagnosis. This will potentially increase diagnostic options and improve our ability to effectively diagnose and treat oral cancerous-related lesions.
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15
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Deciphering the role of cartilage protein 1 in human dermal fibroblasts: a transcriptomic approach. Funct Integr Genomics 2021; 21:503-511. [PMID: 34269961 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-021-00792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage acidic protein 1A (hCRTAC1-A) is an extracellular matrix protein (ECM) of human hard and soft tissue that is associated with matrix disorders. The central role of fibroblasts in tissue integrity and ECM health made primary human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) the model for the present study, which aimed to provide new insight into the molecular function of hCRTAC1-A. Specifically, we explored the differential expression patterns of specific genes associated with the presence of hCRTAC1-A by RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analysis. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated, for the very first time, that hCRTAC1-A is involved in extracellular matrix organization and development, through its regulatory effect on asporin, decorin, and complement activity, in cell proliferation, regeneration, wound healing, and collagen degradation. This work provides a better understanding of putative hCRTAC1-A actions in human fibroblasts and a fundamental insight into its function in tissue biology.
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16
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Affolter A, Lammert A, Kern J, Scherl C, Rotter N. Precision Medicine Gains Momentum: Novel 3D Models and Stem Cell-Based Approaches in Head and Neck Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:666515. [PMID: 34307351 PMCID: PMC8296983 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.666515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the current progress in the development of new concepts of precision medicine for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), in particular targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibition (CPI), overall survival rates have not improved during the last decades. This is, on the one hand, caused by the fact that a significant number of patients presents with late stage disease at the time of diagnosis, on the other hand HNSCC frequently develop therapeutic resistance. Distinct intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity is one of the strongest features in HNSCC and has hindered both the identification of specific biomarkers and the establishment of targeted therapies for this disease so far. To date, there is a paucity of reliable preclinical models, particularly those that can predict responses to immune CPI, as these models require an intact tumor microenvironment (TME). The "ideal" preclinical cancer model is supposed to take both the TME as well as tumor heterogeneity into account. Although HNSCC patients are frequently studied in clinical trials, there is a lack of reliable prognostic biomarkers allowing a better stratification of individuals who might benefit from new concepts of targeted or immunotherapeutic strategies. Emerging evidence indicates that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are highly tumorigenic. Through the process of stemness, epithelial cells acquire an invasive phenotype contributing to metastasis and recurrence. Specific markers for CSC such as CD133 and CD44 expression and ALDH activity help to identify CSC in HNSCC. For the majority of patients, allocation of treatment regimens is simply based on histological diagnosis and on tumor location and disease staging (clinical risk assessments) rather than on specific or individual tumor biology. Hence there is an urgent need for tools to stratify HNSCC patients and pave the way for personalized therapeutic options. This work reviews the current literature on novel approaches in implementing three-dimensional (3D) HNSCC in vitro and in vivo tumor models in the clinical daily routine. Stem-cell based assays will be particularly discussed. Those models are highly anticipated to serve as a preclinical prediction platform for the evaluation of stable biomarkers and for therapeutic efficacy testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Affolter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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17
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Analysis of transient membrane protein interactions by single-molecule diffusional mobility shift assay. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:291-299. [PMID: 33603128 PMCID: PMC8080847 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Various repertoires of membrane protein interactions determine cellular responses to diverse environments around cells dynamically in space and time. Current assays, however, have limitations in unraveling these interactions in the physiological states in a living cell due to the lack of capability to probe the transient nature of these interactions on the crowded membrane. Here, we present a simple and robust assay that enables the investigation of transient protein interactions in living cells by using the single-molecule diffusional mobility shift assay (smDIMSA). Utilizing smDIMSA, we uncovered the interaction profile of EGFR with various membrane proteins and demonstrated the promiscuity of these interactions depending on the cancer cell line. The transient interaction profile obtained by smDIMSA will provide critical information to comprehend the crosstalk among various receptors on the plasma membrane.
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18
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Chung SY, Chao TC, Su Y. The Stemness-High Human Colorectal Cancer Cells Promote Angiogenesis by Producing Higher Amounts of Angiogenic Cytokines via Activation of the Egfr/Akt/Nf-κB Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031355. [PMID: 33573006 PMCID: PMC7866396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for cancer metastasis by stimulating tumor angiogenesis via various mechanisms. To elucidate the potential of the stemness-high human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells (i.e., CRCSCs) in activating angiogenesis, effects of the GATA6-overexpressing HCT-116 and HT-29 human CRC clones established previously by us in promoting the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were examined. Methods: Angiogenesis-promoting effects (i.e., migration, invasion, DNA synthesis, and tube formation) in HUVECs of the conditioned media (CM) from various human CRC clones were analyzed. MMP activities were assessed using a zymography assay. Western blotting and selective inhibitors were used to dissect the signaling pathway involved. IHC was used to examine the vascular density in tumor xenografts. Results: We found that the conditioned media (CM) collected from the GATA6-overexpressing clones enhanced angiogenesis of HUVECs more effectively which might be attributed partly to a higher MMP-9 production by HUVECs. Subsequently, elevated levels of IL-8 and VEGF-A were detected in the CM whose tube formation-enhancing activities were abolished by the co-treatment with either a VEGFR2 inhibitor or an IL-8 neutralizing antibody. Interestingly, increased production of these cytokines in the GATA6-overexpressing clones was due to an EGFR/AKT-mediated activation of NF-κB. Furthermore, not only were the levels of CD31 and endomucin but also the blood vessel density was much higher in the xenograft tumors grown from these clones. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that human CRCSCs promote a stronger angiogenesis by producing higher amounts of angiogenic factors through activation of the EGFR/AKT/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Yi Chung
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Shi-Pai, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Ta-Chung Chao
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Min University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yeu Su
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Shi-Pai, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +886-2-2825-0883
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19
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Genetic alterations and clinical dimensions of oral cancer: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9135-9148. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Catechol inhibits epidermal growth factor-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stem cell-like properties in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7620. [PMID: 32376896 PMCID: PMC7203133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64603-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a major cellular process in which epithelial cells lose cell polarity and cell-cell adhesion and become motility and invasiveness by transforming into mesenchymal cells. Catechol is one of the natural compounds present in fruits and vegetables and has various pharmacological and physiological activities including anti-carcinogenic effects. However, the effects of catechol on EMT has not been reported. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is one of the growth factors and is known to play a role in inducing EMT. The present study showed that catechol suppressed not only the morphological changes to the mesenchymal phenotype of epithelial HCC cells, but also the reduction of E-cadherin and the increment of Vimentin, which are typical hallmark of EMT. In addition, catechol suppressed EMT-related steps such as migration, invasion, anoikis resistance acquisition, and stem cell-like characterization through the EGFR-AKT-ERK signaling pathway during liver cancer metastasis. Therefore, these results suggest that catechol may be able to regulate the early metastasis of liver cancer in vitro.
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21
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Yin J, Zhang H, Wu X, Zhang Y, Li J, Shen J, Zhao Y, Xiao Z, Lu L, Huang C, Zhang Z, Du F, Wu Y, Kaboli PJ, Cho CH, Yuan D, Li M. CD44 inhibition attenuates EGFR signaling and enhances cisplatin sensitivity in human EGFR wild‑type non‑small‑cell lung cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1783-1792. [PMID: 32236608 PMCID: PMC7169661 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) as a transmembrane glycoprotein is found to be expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is significantly associated with NSLC progression, metastasis and drug resistance. This study aimed to explore whether CD44 inhibition improves the sensitivity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild-type NSCLC cells to cisplatin and how it affects wild-type EGFR in NSCLC cells. Small interfering RNA was used to knockdown CD44 expression in EGFR wild-type NSCLC cell line H460. Results suggested that CD44 downregulation reduced cell growth, promoted G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and induced cell apoptosis in H460 cells and these effects were evidently enhanced when in combination with cisplatin. Deactivation of EGFR signaling pathway including EGFR phosphorylation and its downstream molecules, targets ERK, AKT1 and SRC which were also observed in CD44-silenced H460 cells with or without EGF stimulation. Furthermore, the CD44 expression level was positively correlated with wild-type EGFR level in human lung adenocarcinoma tissues and CD44 inhibition significantly accelerated the degradation of EGFR, indicating that enhanced sensitivity of H460 cells to cisplatin by downregulation of CD44 might be due to EGFR degradation. This study demonstrated that suppression of CD44 deactivated EGFR signals in NSCLC cells with wild-type EGFR, thereby contributing to the inhibition of cell proliferation and the reinforcement of cisplatin sensitivity. It is suggested that downregulation of CD44 could be a novel potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of EGFR wild-type NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Yin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Lan Lu
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Chengliang Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine II, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanlin Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Yuan
- Department of Internal Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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Chen H, Wang M, Qi M, Tian Z, Wu W, Yang J, Zhang M, Tang L, Tang X. The antilymphatic metastatic effect of hyaluronic acid in a mouse model of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:541-548. [PMID: 32186431 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1736737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Lymphatic metastasis is the main cause of low patient survival in cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Several animal models have been established to uncover the mechanism that regulates lymph node metastasis of OSCC cells. Unfortunately, these models often take a long time to establish. The prolonged tumor burden can lead to animal cachexia, which may ultimately affect the experimental outcome. To overcome the disadvantages of these models, we established an orthotopic metastatic animal model of OSCC that showed quick lymph node metastasis potential.Results: DiR dye-labeled CAL27 cells were injected into tongue tissues of BALB/c nude mice, and the cells metastasized to lymph nodes on day 3. Metastasis was monitored using an in vivo imaging system and confirmed by histological observation. Using this model, we investigated the role of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the cervical metastasis of OSCC cells. Surprisingly, we found that the presence of HA significantly reduced the incidence of metastasis to cervical lymph nodes compared with the control group. Further analysis revealed that the presence of exogenous HA promoted mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) in primary tumors while reducing the metastatic potential of OSCC.Conclusion: Our findings confirmed the establishment of a fast and reliable lymphatic metastatic mouse model of OSCC that can be used for investigating metastatic mechanisms and analyzing various antimetastasis strategies. An equally important discovery is the antimetastatic property of HA, which could provide a potential therapeutic strategy for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Moci Qi
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenchuan Tian
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Xiaofei Tang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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23
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Adeoye J, Brennan PA, Thomson P. “Search less, verify more”—Reviewing salivary biomarkers in oral cancer detection. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 49:711-719. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Adeoye
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
| | | | - Peter Thomson
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China
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24
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Chen D, Wang CY. Targeting cancer stem cells in squamous cell carcinoma. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2019; 2:152-165. [PMID: 31598386 PMCID: PMC6770277 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly aggressive tumor and the sixth
most common cancer worldwide. Current treatment strategies for HNSCC are surgery,
radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy or combinatorial therapies. However, the overall
5-year survival rate of HNSCC patients remains at about 50%. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a
small population among tumor cells, are able to self-renew and differentiate into
different tumor cell types in a hierarchical manner, similar to normal tissue. In HNSCC,
CSCs are proposed to be responsible for tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, drug
resistance, and recurrence. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular
characteristics of CSCs in HNSCC. We summarize current approaches used in the literature
for identification of HNSCC CSCs, and mechanisms required for CSC regulation. We also
highlight the role of CSCs in treatment failure and therapeutic targeting options for
eliminating CSCs in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demeng Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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25
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Tata P, Gondaliya P, Sunkaria A, Srivastava A, Kalia K. Modulation of CD44, EGFR and RAC Pathway Genes (WAVE Complex) in Epithelial Cancers. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:833-848. [PMID: 30799784 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190222143044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer hallmarks help in understanding the diversity of various neoplasms. Epithelial cancers play an immense role in the tumor biology through Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) process. Receptor tyrosine kinase, as well as phosphatidyl ionositol-3 kinase pathways, play an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation during EMT. Till date, numerous studies have shown modulation in the expression profile of potential targets like CD44, EGFR, and Rac in epithelial cancers. CD44 interacts with EGFR and recruits other molecules which further activate the Rac pathway intermediates. This review mainly focused on modulation of genes like CD44, EGFR, and Rac pathway intermediates which play a crucial role in the tumor progression, metastasis, proliferation, and invasion characteristics in epithelial cancers with EMT properties. Hence, targeting Rac pathway might be a more strategically relevant approach in treating epithelial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranathi Tata
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
| | - Piyush Gondaliya
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
| | - Aditya Sunkaria
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
| | - Akshay Srivastava
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
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26
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Franzmann EJ, Donovan MJ. Effective early detection of oral cancer using a simple and inexpensive point of care device in oral rinses. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:837-844. [PMID: 30221559 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1523008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head and neck cancer remains a challenging disease that is increasing in incidence with the majority of patients diagnosed at an advanced stage where 5-year survival is approximately 50%. Current approaches including oral-brush biopsies, fluorescence-based technologies, and salivary molecular profiling have demonstrated some success; however, cost, ease of use, and accuracy remain limiting factors. Areas covered: This is a profile of a novel, easy to use oral rinse point-of-care (POC) test to aid in the diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Background science related to the challenge of oral and oropharyngeal cancer and natural history of diagnostic aids for this disease are provided. Results of studies performed for validation of a POC and laboratory test are also discussed. Expert commentary: The POC test has been validated through a case : control clinical study and a prospective European trial, using version 1.0 (v1.0), which have demonstrated consistent performance including a > 90% negative predictive value, with a sensitivity of 80%. The assay was designed to identify malignant lesions in the oral cavity and oropharynx by improving upon standard clinical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Franzmann
- a Department of Otolaryngology , Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Michael J Donovan
- b Department of Pathology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA
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27
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Gurin D, Slavik M, Hermanova M, Shatokhina T, Sana J, Kazda T, Selingerova I, Ahmad P, Smilek P, Horakova Z, Hendrych M, Slampa P, Slaby O. Prognostic impact of combined immunoprofiles in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients with respect to AJCC 8th edition. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:864-872. [PMID: 30079604 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine combined immunoprofiles of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), CD44, and p16 in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and to correlate them with radiotherapy treatment outcomes and clinicopathological parameters. Prognostic impact of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition staging system in comparison with 7th edition was analyzed. METHODS The study included 77 OPSCC patients treated by definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Clinical staging was assessed according to the AJCC, both 7th and 8th edition. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of CD44 and EGFR was performed on primary biopsy tumor tissues. To evaluate the HPV status, IHC detection of p16 was employed. RESULTS The AJCC 8th edition staging system revealed correlations between overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional control (LRC), and clinical stage. EGFR and CD44 positivity (+) and p16 negativity (-) were associated with clinical stage IV of the disease. CD44+ and EGFR+ OPSCC displayed worse OS and LRC, and these cases also showed the worst 3-year OS and LRC. Combined analysis of protein expressions identified an association between p16- and EGFR+, p16- and CD44+, EGFR+, and CD44+. Combined immunoprofiles CD44+/p16-, EGFR+/p16-, and EGFR+/CD44+ were associated with worst OS and LRC. CONCLUSIONS Combined immunoprofiles of p16, EGFR, and CD44 might provide valuable prognostic and predictive information for the individual OPSCC patients, especially in terms of response to IMRT and prediction of treatment outcomes. Application of the AJCC 8th edition staging for HPV+ OPSCC proved to improve hazard discrimination and prognostication of OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Gurin
- 1st Department of Pathology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Slavik
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Hermanova
- 1st Department of Pathology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tetiana Shatokhina
- 1st Department of Pathology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Sana
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kazda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Selingerova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Parwez Ahmad
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Smilek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, St. Anne's University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Horakova
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, St. Anne's University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hendrych
- 1st Department of Pathology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Slampa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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28
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Henry A, Nokin MJ, Leroi N, Lallemand F, Lambert J, Goffart N, Roncarati P, Bianchi E, Peixoto P, Blomme A, Turtoi A, Peulen O, Habraken Y, Scholtes F, Martinive P, Delvenne P, Rogister B, Castronovo V, Bellahcène A. New role of osteopontin in DNA repair and impact on human glioblastoma radiosensitivity. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63708-63721. [PMID: 27563812 PMCID: PMC5325397 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive and common solid human brain tumor. We have recently demonstrated the importance of osteopontin (OPN) in the acquisition/maintenance of stemness characters and tumorigenicity of glioma initiating cells. Consultation of publicly available TCGA database indicated that high OPN expression correlated with poor survival in GBM patients. In this study, we explored the role of OPN in GBM radioresistance using an OPN-depletion strategy in U87-MG, U87-MG vIII and U251-MG human GBM cell lines. Clonogenic experiments showed that OPN-depleted GBM cells were sensitized to irradiation. In comet assays, these cells displayed higher amounts of unrepaired DNA fragments post-irradiation when compared to control. We next evaluated the phosphorylation of key markers of DNA double-strand break repair pathway. Activating phosphorylation of H2AX, ATM and 53BP1 was significantly decreased in OPN-deficient cells. The addition of recombinant OPN prior to irradiation rescued phospho-H2AX foci formation thus establishing a new link between DNA repair and OPN expression in GBM cells. Finally, OPN knockdown improved mice survival and induced a significant reduction of heterotopic human GBM xenograft when combined with radiotherapy. This study reveals a new function of OPN in DNA damage repair process post-irradiation thus further confirming its major role in GBM aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Henry
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Julie Nokin
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Natacha Leroi
- Biology and Tumor Development Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - François Lallemand
- Biology and Tumor Development Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Cyclotron Research Center, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Nicolas Goffart
- GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences and the T&P Bohnenn Laboratory for Neuro-Oncology University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elettra Bianchi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Paul Peixoto
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Blomme
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivier Peulen
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yvette Habraken
- Virology and Immunology Laboratory, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Félix Scholtes
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Vincent Castronovo
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Akeila Bellahcène
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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29
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Rodrigues MFSD, Xavier FCDA, Andrade NP, Lopes C, Miguita Luiz L, Sedassari BT, Ibarra AMC, López RVM, Kliemann Schmerling C, Moyses RA, Tajara da Silva EE, Nunes FD. Prognostic implications of CD44, NANOG, OCT4, and BMI1 expression in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2018; 40:1759-1773. [PMID: 29607565 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) contains a cell subpopulation referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The CSC markers have been used to isolate these cells and as biomarkers to predict overall survival. METHODS The CSC markers CD44, NANOG, OCT4, and BMI1 were investigated using reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS The CD44 overexpression was associated with disease-related death (P = 0.02) and worst prognosis. NANOG was upregulated in nontumoral margins and associated with T1/T2 classification, lymph node metastasis, and worst prognosis. OCT4 was associated with lymph node metastasis and worst overall survival. BMI1 and CD44v3 were overexpressed in tongue SCC. Coexpression of CD44++ /NANOG++ was associated with worst overall survival when compared with patients with CD44-/+ /NANOG-/+ . CONCLUSION The CSC markers might play an important role not only in CSC trait acquisition but also in tongue SCC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Setúbal Destro Rodrigues
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Nathália Paiva Andrade
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Lopes
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucyene Miguita Luiz
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Tavares Sedassari
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Melissa Ccopa Ibarra
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Kliemann Schmerling
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Ajub Moyses
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Daumas Nunes
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition during Metastasis of HPV-Negative Pharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7929104. [PMID: 29693014 PMCID: PMC5859914 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7929104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In epithelial tumors, a shift towards a mesenchymal phenotype has been associated with increased invasiveness and metastasis. It is assumed that this phenomenon plays a major role in disease progression and ultimately prognosis. This study investigated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human papillomavirus- (HPV-) negative pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Tissue was obtained from one hypopharyngeal primary tumor and a regional lymph node metastasis during surgery with curative intention. A cell culture was established from the primary tumor and mesenchymal growth conditions were emulated. Gene expression profiling was performed (Human 8 × 60 K design array, Agilent Technologies) and EMT was assessed by a gene set (MSigDB: M5930, Hallmark_epithelial_mesenchymal_transition), applying gene set expression analysis (GSEA). Immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry of CD44 and E-cadherin were compared in primary tumor, metastasis, and cell cultures. Primary tumor and metastasis were highly positive for CD44. A loss of E-cadherin occurred in the metastasis. Flow cytometry showed the appearance of a population without E-cadherin in spheroid colonies. In GSEA, the EMT phenotype was enriched in the primary tumor compared to metastasis and cell cultures (FDR < 25%, p < 5%). EMT showed variable expression during metastasis. It may thereby be a dynamic state in HPV-negative pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma that is active only during the process of metastasis itself. Thereby, the primary tumor as well as the metastasis may exhibit fewer EMT properties.
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31
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Setúbal Destro Rodrigues MF, Gammon L, Rahman MM, Biddle A, Nunes FD, Mackenzie IC. Effects of Cetuximab and Erlotinib on the behaviour of cancer stem cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13488-13500. [PMID: 29568372 PMCID: PMC5862593 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic responses of many solid tumours to chemo- and radio-therapies are far from fully effective but therapies targeting malignancy-related cellular changes show promise for further control. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is commonly overexpressed and investigation of agents that block this receptor indicate a limited response when used alone but an ability to enhance the actions of other drugs. The hierarchical stem cell patterns present in tumours generate cellular heterogeneity and this is further complicated by cancer stem cells (CSC) shifting between epithelial (Epi-CSC) and mesenchymal (EMT-CSC) states. To clarify how such heterogeneity influences responses to EGFR blocking, we examined the effects of Cetuximab and Erlotinib on the cell sub-populations in HNSCC cell lines. These agents reduced cell proliferation for all subpopulations but induced little cell death. They did however induce large shifts of cells between the EMT-CSC, Epi-CSC and differentiating cell compartments. Loss of EMT-CSCs reduced cell motility and is expected to reduce invasion and metastasis. EGFR blocking also induced shifts of Epi-CSCs into the differentiating cell compartment which typically has greater sensitivity to chemo/radiation, an effect expected to enhance the overall response of tumour cell populations to adjunctive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke Gammon
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Muhammad M Rahman
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Adrian Biddle
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fabio Daumas Nunes
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ian C Mackenzie
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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32
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Wang Z, Zhao K, Hackert T, Zöller M. CD44/CD44v6 a Reliable Companion in Cancer-Initiating Cell Maintenance and Tumor Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:97. [PMID: 30211160 PMCID: PMC6122270 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer death, tumor progression proceeding through emigration from the primary tumor, gaining access to the circulation, leaving the circulation, settling in distant organs and growing in the foreign environment. The capacity of a tumor to metastasize relies on a small subpopulation of cells in the primary tumor, so called cancer-initiating cells (CIC). CIC are characterized by sets of markers, mostly membrane anchored adhesion molecules, CD44v6 being the most frequently recovered marker. Knockdown and knockout models accompanied by loss of tumor progression despite unaltered primary tumor growth unraveled that these markers are indispensable for CIC. The unexpected contribution of marker molecules to CIC-related activities prompted research on underlying molecular mechanisms. This review outlines the contribution of CD44, particularly CD44v6 to CIC activities. A first focus is given to the impact of CD44/CD44v6 to inherent CIC features, including the crosstalk with the niche, apoptosis-resistance, and epithelial mesenchymal transition. Following the steps of the metastatic cascade, we report on supporting activities of CD44/CD44v6 in migration and invasion. These CD44/CD44v6 activities rely on the association with membrane-integrated and cytosolic signaling molecules and proteases and transcriptional regulation. They are not restricted to, but most pronounced in CIC and are tightly regulated by feedback loops. Finally, we discuss on the engagement of CD44/CD44v6 in exosome biogenesis, loading and delivery. exosomes being the main acteurs in the long-distance crosstalk of CIC with the host. In brief, by supporting the communication with the niche and promoting apoptosis resistance CD44/CD44v6 plays an important role in CIC maintenance. The multifaceted interplay between CD44/CD44v6, signal transducing molecules and proteases facilitates the metastasizing tumor cell journey through the body. By its engagement in exosome biogenesis CD44/CD44v6 contributes to disseminated tumor cell settlement and growth in distant organs. Thus, CD44/CD44v6 likely is the most central CIC biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Pancreas Section, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Pancreas Section, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margot Zöller
- Pancreas Section, University Hospital of Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Margot Zöller
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33
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Svobodova M, Raudenska M, Gumulec J, Balvan J, Fojtu M, Kratochvilova M, Polanska H, Horakova Z, Kostrica R, Babula P, Heger Z, Masarik M. Establishment of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line and magnetic bead-based isolation and characterization of its CD90/CD44 subpopulations. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66254-66269. [PMID: 29029509 PMCID: PMC5630409 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe the establishment of the human papillomavirus 18-positive, stage II, grade 1, T2N0M0 head and neck tumor primary cell line derived from oral squamous cell carcinoma of a non-smoking patient by using two different protocols. Furthermore, a preparation of subpopulations derived from this primary cell line according to the cluster of differentiation molecules CD44/CD90 status using magnetic bead-based separation and their characterization was performed. Impedance-based real-time cell analysis, enzyme-linked immunsorbant assay (ELISA), wound-healing assay, flow-cytometry, gene expression analysis, and MTT assay were used to characterize these four subpopulations (CD44+/CD90-, CD44-/CD90-, CD44+/CD90+, CD44-/CD90-). We optimised methodics for establishement of primary cell lines derived from oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue samples and subsequent separation of mesenchymal (CD90+) and epithelial (CD90-) types of tumorous cells. Primary cell line prepared by using trypsin proteolysis was more viable than the one prepared by using collagenase. According to our results, CD90 separation is a necessary step in preparation of permanent tumor-tissue derived cell lines. Based on the wound-healing assay, CD44+ cells exhibited stronger migratory capacity than CD44- subpopulations. CD44+ subpopulations had also significantly higher expression of BIRC5 and SOX2, lower expression of FLT1 and IL6, and higher levels of basal autophagy compared to CD44- subpopulations. Furthermore, co-cultivation experiments revealed that CD44-/CD90+ cells supported growth of epithelial tumor cells (CD44+/CD90-). On the contrary, factors released by CD44+/CD90+ type of cells seem to have rather inhibiting effect. The most cisplatin-resistant subpopulation with the shortest doubling time was CD44-/CD90+, but this subpopulation had a low migratory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Svobodova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Gumulec
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Balvan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Fojtu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kratochvilova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Polanska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Horakova
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, St. Anne’s Faculty Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rom Kostrica
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, St. Anne’s Faculty Hospital, CZ-65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, CZ-61600 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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Pedron S, Polishetty H, Pritchard AM, Mahadik BP, Sarkaria JN, Harley BAC. Spatially graded hydrogels for preclinical testing of glioblastoma anticancer therapeutics. MRS COMMUNICATIONS 2017; 7:442-449. [PMID: 29230350 PMCID: PMC5721678 DOI: 10.1557/mrc.2017.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
While preclinical models such as orthotopic tumors generated in mice from patient-derived specimens are widely used to predict sensitivity or therapeutic interventions for cancer, such xenografts can be slow, require extensive infrastructure, and can make in situ assessment difficult. Such concerns are heightened in highly aggressive cancers, such as glioblastoma (GBM), that display genetic diversity and short mean survival. Biomimetic biomaterial technologies offer an approach to create ex vivo models that reflect biophysical features of the tumor microenvironment (TME). We describe a microfluidic templating approach to generate spatially graded hydrogels containing patient-derived GBM cells to explore drug efficacy and resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pedron
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - H Polishetty
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - A M Pritchard
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - B P Mahadik
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - J N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - B A C Harley
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 110 Roger Adams Lab., 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Cohen ER, Reis IM, Gomez C, Pereira L, Freiser ME, Hoosien G, Franzmann EJ. Immunohistochemistry Analysis of CD44, EGFR, and p16 in Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 157:239-251. [PMID: 28397583 DOI: 10.1177/0194599817700371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives We analyze the relationship between CD44, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and p16 expression in oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers in a diverse population. We also describe whether particular patterns of staining are associated with progression-free survival and overall survival. Study Design Prospective study, single-blind to pathologist and laboratory technologist. Setting Hospital based. Subjects and Methods Immunohistochemistry, comprising gross staining and cellular expression, was performed and interpreted in a blinded fashion on 24 lip/oral cavity and 40 oropharyngeal cancer specimens collected between 2007 and 2012 from participants of a larger study. Information on overall survival and progression-free survival was obtained from medical records. Results Nineteen cases were clinically p16 positive, 16 of which were oropharyngeal. Oral cavity lesions were more likely to exhibit strong CD44 membrane staining ( P = .0002). Strong CD44 membrane and strong EGFR membrane and/or cytoplasmic staining were more common in p16-negative cancers ( P = .006). Peripheral/mixed gross p16 staining pattern was associated with worse survival than the universal staining on univariate and multivariate analyses ( P = .006, P = .030). This held true when combining gross and cellular localization for p16. For CD44, universal gross staining demonstrated poorer overall survival compared with the peripheral/mixed group ( P = .039). CD44 peripheral/mixed group alone and when combined with universal p16 demonstrated the best survival on multivariate analysis ( P = .010). Conclusion In a diverse population, systematic analysis applying p16, CD44, and EGFR gross staining and cellular localization on immunohistochemistry demonstrates distinct patterns that may have prognostic potential exceeding current methods. Larger studies are warranted to investigate these findings further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Cohen
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Isildinha M Reis
- 2 Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- 3 Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carmen Gomez
- 4 Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lutecia Pereira
- 2 Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Monika E Freiser
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Gia Hoosien
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Franzmann
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- 2 Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Nishino M, Ozaki M, Hegab AE, Hamamoto J, Kagawa S, Arai D, Yasuda H, Naoki K, Soejima K, Saya H, Betsuyaku T. Variant CD44 expression is enriching for a cell population with cancer stem cell-like characteristics in human lung adenocarcinoma. J Cancer 2017; 8:1774-1785. [PMID: 28819374 PMCID: PMC5556640 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preliminary studies have identified cancer stem cells (CSCs) in various cancers and there are several ongoing clinical studies targeting these cells. CD44 (standard or variant isoforms) and/or aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) expression is the most commonly used markers for the identification of CSCs. The goal of the current study was to examine the ability of CD44v, either alone or in combination with ALDH, to identify CSCs within human lung cancer cells lines. Methods: We examined several lung adenocarcinoma cell lines for the ability of CD44v and/or ALDH expression to enrich for cells with CSC characteristics such as in vitro differential proliferation rate, chemotherapeutic-resistance, tumorsphere formation, and in vivo tumorigenicity. We also compared their in vivo secondary tumor formation, and histological characteristics of their xenograft tumors, and examined their expression of PD-L1, EGFR, xCT, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results: Both CD44vhigh/ALDHhigh and CD44vhigh/ALDHlow cells were enriched in cells with CSC characteristics, with the CD44vhigh/ALDHlow cells being more proliferative and more resistant to chemotherapeutics, whereas CD44vhigh/ALDHhigh cells were more efficient in forming tumorspheres in vitro, in making primary xenograft tumors, and in propagating secondary tumors in vivo. Applying stricter sorting gates to select for cells with the highest CD44v/ALDH expression caused the CD44vhigh/ALDHlow cells to lose their high proliferation rates and chemotherapeutic resistance ability, but enriched for the tumorsphere-forming cells among the CD44vhigh/ALDHhigh and CD44vhigh/ALDHlow cells. CD44vhigh expression was associated with PD-L1 and xCT expression in both H1650 and HCC827 cells. This association was not modified by ALDH expression in the H1650 cell line. However, in the HCC827 cell line, ALDH expression was negatively associated with PD-L1 and positively associated with xCT expression. Conclusion: Lung adenocarcinoma cells with high CD44v expression are enriched for CSCs. Addition of ALDH as an enrichment marker bestowed some CSCs characteristics to CD44vhigh/ALDHlow cells and others to CD44vhigh/ALDHhigh cells. We propose that lung adenocarcinoma contains different CSCs, each of them endowed with different CSC characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nishino
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Mari Ozaki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Ahmed E Hegab
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Junko Hamamoto
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Shizuko Kagawa
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Daisuke Arai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | | | - Kenzo Soejima
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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CD44v6-Targeted Imaging of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Antibody-Based Approaches. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2017; 2017:2709547. [PMID: 29097914 PMCID: PMC5612744 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2709547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common and severe cancer with low survival rate in advanced stages. Noninvasive imaging of prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers could provide valuable information for planning and monitoring of the different therapy options. Thus, there is a major interest in development of new tracers towards cancer-specific molecular targets to improve diagnostic imaging and treatment. CD44v6, an oncogenic variant of the cell surface molecule CD44, is a promising molecular target since it exhibits a unique expression pattern in HNSCC and is associated with drug- and radio-resistance. In this review we summarize results from preclinical and clinical investigations of radiolabeled anti-CD44v6 antibody-based tracers: full-length antibodies, Fab, F(ab′)2 fragments, and scFvs with particular focus on the engineering of various antibody formats and choice of radiolabel for the use as molecular imaging agents in HNSCC. We conclude that the current evidence points to CD44v6 imaging being a promising approach for providing more specific and sensitive diagnostic tools, leading to customized treatment decisions and functional diagnosis. Improved imaging tools hold promise to enable more effective treatment for head and neck cancer patients.
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Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). CSCs possess the ability for perpetual self-renewal and proliferation, producing downstream progenitor cells and cancer cells that drive tumor growth. Studies of many cancer types including OCSCC have identified CSCs using specific markers, but it is still unclear as to where in the stem cell hierarchy these markers fall. This is compounded further by the presence of multiple CSC subtypes within OCSCC, making investigation reliant on the use of multiple markers. This review examines the current knowledge in CSC markers OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, ALDH1, phosphorylated STAT3, CD44, CD24, CD133, and Musashi-1, specifically focusing on their use and validity in OCSCC CSC research and how they may be organized into the CSC hierarchy. OCSCC CSCs also express components of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which suggests CSCs may be novel therapeutic targets by modulation of the RAS using existing medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranui Baillie
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Swee T Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand.,Wellington Regional Plastic, Maxillofacial and Burns Unit, Hutt Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
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39
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CD44 + cancer cell-induced metastasis: A feasible neck metastasis model. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 101:243-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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40
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Liu CW, Hua KT, Li KC, Kao HF, Hong RL, Ko JY, Hsiao M, Kuo ML, Tan CT. Histone Methyltransferase G9a Drives Chemotherapy Resistance by Regulating the Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase Catalytic Subunit in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1421-1434. [PMID: 28265008 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0567-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transient chemotherapeutic response is a major obstacle to treating head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Histone methyltransferase G9a has recently been shown to be abundantly expressed in HNSCC, and is required to maintain the malignant phenotype. In this study, we found that high G9a expression is significantly associated with poor chemotherapeutic response and disease-free survival in HNSCC patients. Similarly, G9a expression and enzymatic activity were elevated in cisplatin-resistant HNSCC cells. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of G9a sensitized the resistant cells to cisplatin, increasing cellular apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations indicated that G9a contributes to transcriptional activation of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), which results in upregulation of cellular glutathione (GSH) and drug resistance. In addition, we observed a significant positive correlation between G9a and GCLC expression in tumors of HNSCC patients. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that G9a protects HNSCC cells against chemotherapy by increasing the synthesis of GSH, and imply G9a as a promising target for overcoming cisplatin resistance in HNSCC. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(7); 1421-34. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tai Hua
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chun Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Fong Kao
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Long Hong
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Yuh Ko
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Liang Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ting Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lee CL, Huang CJ, Yang SH, Chang CC, Huang CC, Chien CC, Yang RN. Discovery of genes from feces correlated with colorectal cancer progression. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3378-3384. [PMID: 27900008 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered to develop slowly via a progressive accumulation of genetic mutations. Markers of CRC may serve to provide the basis for decision-making, and may assist in cancer prevention, detection and prognostic prediction. DNA and messenger (m)RNA molecules that are present in human feces faithfully represent CRC manifestations. In the present study, exogenous mouse cells verified the feasibility of total fecal RNA as a marker of CRC. Furthermore, five significant genes encoding solute carrier family 15, member 4 (SLC15A4), cluster of differentiation (CD)44, 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1 (OXCT1), placenta-specific 8 (PLAC8) and growth arrest-specific 2 (GAS2), which are differentially expressed in the feces of CRC patients, were verified in different CRC cell lines using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The present study demonstrated that the mRNA level of SLC15A4 was increased in the majority of CRC cell lines evaluated (SW1116, LS123, Caco-2 and T84). An increased level of CD44 mRNA was only detected in an early-stage CRC cell line, SW1116, whereas OXCT1 was expressed at higher levels in the metastatic CRC cell line CC-M3. In addition, two genes, PLAC8 and GAS2, were highly expressed in the recurrent CRC cell line SW620. Genes identified in the feces of CRC patients differed according to their clinical characteristics, and this differential expression was also detected in the corresponding CRC cell lines. In conclusion, feces represent a good marker of CRC and can be interpreted through the appropriate CRC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Long Lee
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C.; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Jung Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan, R.O.C.; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shung-Haur Yang
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan, R.O.C.; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Chao Chang
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Cheng Huang
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C.; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of General Surgery, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei 22174, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Cheng Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C.; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Anesthesiology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei 22174, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ruey-Neng Yang
- Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 20301, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Internal Medicine, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei 22174, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Baschnagel AM, Tonlaar N, Eskandari M, Kumar T, Williams L, Hanna A, Pruetz BL, Wilson GD. Combined CD44, c-MET, and EGFR expression in p16-positive and p16-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. J Oral Pathol Med 2016; 46:208-213. [PMID: 27442811 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To examine the association between CD44 and c-MET expression in relation to p16 and EGFR in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). MATERIALS/METHODS Immunohistochemical staining of CD44, p16, EGFR, and c-MET was performed on 105 locally advanced HNSCC patients treated with chemoradiation. CD44 expression was correlated with c-MET, EGFR, and p16, locoregional control (LRC), distant metastases (DM), disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS High CD44 expression was present in 33% of patients and was associated with non-oropharynx primaries (P < 0.001), high c-MET expression (P < 0.001), p16-negative (P < 0.001) and EGFR-positive tumors (P < 0.001). Fifty-seven percent of CD44 high expressing tumors had high c-MET expression compared to 21% of CD44 low expressing tumors (P < 0.001). High CD44 expression predicted for worse LRC (HR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.16-5.13; P = 0.018), DFS (HR: 2.61; 95% CI: 1.46-4.67; P = 0.001), and OS (HR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.30-4.92; P = 0.007) but not DM (P = 0.57) on univariate analysis. Patients with both high CD44 and c-MET expression had a poor prognosis with a 2-year DFS of 30% compared to 70% in the rest of the cohort (P = 0.003). On multivariable analysis, after adjusting for site, T-stage, smoking history, and EGFR status, high c-MET (P = 0.039) and negative p16 status (P = 0.034) predicted for worse DFS, while high CD44 expression did not (P = 0.43). CONCLUSIONS High CD44 expression is associated with high c-MET expression, p16-negative tumors, and EGFR-positive tumors. The combination of these markers predicts for poor prognosis in HNSCC patients treated with chemoradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Baschnagel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nathan Tonlaar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | | | - Tripti Kumar
- Department of Pathology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Lindsay Williams
- Department of Pathology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Alaa Hanna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | | | - George D Wilson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA.,Beaumont BioBank, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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Melchers LJ, Clausen MJAM, Mastik MF, Slagter-Menkema L, van der Wal JE, Wisman GBA, Roodenburg JLN, Schuuring E. Identification of methylation markers for the prediction of nodal metastasis in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Epigenetics 2016. [PMID: 26213212 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1075689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypermethylation is an important mechanism for the dynamic regulation of gene expression, necessary for metastasizing tumour cells. Our aim is to identify methylation tumour markers that have a predictive value for the presence of regional lymph node metastases in patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC). Significantly differentially expressed genes were retrieved from four reported microarray expression profiles comparing pN0 and pN+ head-neck tumours, and one expression array identifying functionally hypermethylated genes. Additional metastasis-associated genes were included from the literature. Thus genes were selected that influence the development of nodal metastases and might be regulated by methylation. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) primers were designed and tested on 8 head-neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and technically validated on 10 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) OOSCC cases. Predictive value was assessed in a clinical series of 70 FFPE OOSCC with pathologically determined nodal status. Five out of 28 methylation markers (OCLN, CDKN2A, MGMT, MLH1 and DAPK1) were frequently differentially methylated in OOSCC. Of these, MGMT methylation was associated with pN0 status (P = 0.02) and with lower immunoexpression (P = 0.02). DAPK1 methylation was associated with pN+ status (P = 0.008) but did not associate with protein expression. In conclusion, out of 28 candidate genes, two (7%) showed a predictive value for the pN status. Both genes, DAPK1 and MGMT, have predictive value for nodal metastasis in a clinical group of OOSCC. Therefore DNA methylation markers are capable of contributing to diagnosis and treatment selection in OOSCC. To efficiently identify additional new methylation markers, genome-wide methods are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Melchers
- a Dept. of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery ; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Groningen , The Netherlands
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44
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Grau JJ, Mesía R, de la Iglesia-Vicente M, Williams ES, Taberna M, Caballero M, Larque AB, de la Oliva J, Cordón-Cardo C, Domingo-Domenech J. Enrichment of Cells with Cancer Stem Cell-Like Markers in Relapses of Chemoresistant Patients with Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Oncology 2016; 90:267-72. [PMID: 27077749 DOI: 10.1159/000445118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) present different responses to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. One explanation may be the differences in the individual rates of stem cell-like cells. METHODS We included patients with HNSCC and tumor progression or relapse. Tumor samples were obtained before and after primary chemotherapy, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed for CD44, HLA class I (HLA-I), pancytokeratin, and phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (p-EGFR). Differences in expression between the first and second specimens were assessed. RESULTS Expression between the first and second specimens varied as follows: CD44 increased by 14.67% (95% confidence interval, CI: 6.94 to 22.40; p < 0.01); HLA-I decreased by 16.72% (95% CI: -23.87 to -9.47; p < 0.01); pancytokeratin decreased by 24.91% (95% CI: -32.8 to -17.7; p < 0.01), and p-EFGR expression decreased by 12.30% (95% CI: -20.61 to -3.98; p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with HNSCC, there is an enrichment of cells with stem-like markers in relapsed tumors when compared with the primary tumor. This finding should be considered when developing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Grau
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Tea polyphenols EGCG and TF restrict tongue and liver carcinogenesis simultaneously induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 300:34-46. [PMID: 27058323 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to understand the molecular mechanisms of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) induced multi-organ carcinogenesis in tongue and liver of the same mouse and restriction of carcinogenesis by Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and Theaflavin (TF), if any. For that purpose, cellular proliferation/apoptosis, prevalence of CD44 positive stem cell population and expressions of some key regulatory genes of self renewal Wnt and Hedgehog (Hh) pathways and some of their associated genes were analyzed in the NDEA induced tongue and liver lesions in absence or presence of EGCG/TF. Chronic NDEA exposure in oral cavity could decrease mice body weights and induce tongue and liver carcinogenesis with similar histological stages (severe dysplasia up to 30thweeks of NDEA administration). Increasing mice body weights were seen in continuous and post EGCG/TF treated groups. EGCG/TF treatment could restrict both the carcinogenesis at similar histological stages showing potential chemopreventive effect in continuous treated groups (mild dysplasia) followed by pre treatment (moderate dysplasia) and therapeutic efficacy in post treated groups (mild dysplasia) up to 30thweek. The mechanism of carcinogenesis by NDEA and restriction by the EGCG/TF in both tongue and liver were similar and found to be associated with modulation in cellular proliferation/apoptosis and prevalence of CD44 positive population. The up-regulation of self renewal Wnt/β-catenin, Hh/Gli1 pathways and their associated genes Cyclin D1, cMyc and EGFR along with down regulation of E-cadherin seen during the carcinogenesis processes were found to be modulated during the restriction processes by EGCG/TF.
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46
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Risk Stratification System for Oral Cancer Screening. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:445-55. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tsuneki M, Madri JA. CD44 Influences Fibroblast Behaviors Via Modulation of Cell-Cell and Cell-Matrix Interactions, Affecting Survivin and Hippo Pathways. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:731-43. [PMID: 26248063 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CD44 has been studied in a wide variety of cell types, in a diverse array of cell behaviors and in a diverse range of signaling pathways. We now document a role for CD44 in mediating fibroblast behaviors via regulation of N-cadherin, extracellular matrix expression, Survivin and the Hippo pathway. Here, we report our findings on the roles of CD44 in modulating proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of murine wild-type (WT-FB) and CD44 knockout dermal fibroblasts (CD44KO-FB). As we have documented in microvascular endothelial cells lacking CD44, we found persistent increased proliferation, reduced activation of cleaved caspase 3, increased initial attachment, but decreased strength of cell attachment in high cell density, post confluent CD44KO-FB cultures. Additionally, we found that siRNA knock-down of CD44 mimicked the behaviors of CD44KO-FB, restoring the decreases in N-cadherin, collagen type I, fibronectin, Survivin, nuclear fractions of YAP and phospho-YAP and decreased levels of cleaved caspase 3 to the levels observed in CD44KO-FB. Interestingly, plating CD44KO-FB on collagen type I or fibronectin resulted in significant decreases in secondary proliferation rates compared to plating cells on non-coated dishes, consistent with increased cell adhesion compared to their effects on WT-FB. Lastly, siRNA knockdown of CD44 in WT-FB resulted in increased fibroblast migration compared to WT-FB, albeit at reduced rates compared to CD44KO-FB. These results are consistent with CD44's pivotal role in modulating several diverse behaviors important for adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion during development, growth, repair, maintenance and regression of a wide variety of mesenchymal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Tsuneki
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joseph A Madri
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Tsuchihashi K, Okazaki S, Ohmura M, Ishikawa M, Sampetrean O, Onishi N, Wakimoto H, Yoshikawa M, Seishima R, Iwasaki Y, Morikawa T, Abe S, Takao A, Shimizu M, Masuko T, Nagane M, Furnari FB, Akiyama T, Suematsu M, Baba E, Akashi K, Saya H, Nagano O. The EGF Receptor Promotes the Malignant Potential of Glioma by Regulating Amino Acid Transport System xc(-). Cancer Res 2016; 76:2954-63. [PMID: 26980765 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular free amino acids contribute to the interaction between a tumor and its microenvironment through effects on cellular metabolism and malignant behavior. System xc(-) is composed of xCT and CD98hc subunits and functions as a plasma membrane antiporter for the uptake of extracellular cystine in exchange for intracellular glutamate. Here, we show that the EGFR interacts with xCT and thereby promotes its cell surface expression and function in human glioma cells. EGFR-expressing glioma cells manifested both enhanced antioxidant capacity as a result of increased cystine uptake, as well as increased glutamate, which promotes matrix invasion. Imaging mass spectrometry also revealed that brain tumors formed in mice by human glioma cells stably overexpressing EGFR contained higher levels of reduced glutathione compared with those formed by parental cells. Targeted inhibition of xCT suppressed the EGFR-dependent enhancement of antioxidant capacity in glioma cells, as well as tumor growth and invasiveness. Our findings establish a new functional role for EGFR in promoting the malignant potential of glioma cells through interaction with xCT at the cell surface. Cancer Res; 76(10); 2954-63. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tsuchihashi
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shogo Okazaki
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Ohmura
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Suematsu Gas Biology Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Ishikawa
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Oltea Sampetrean
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Onishi
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Momoko Yoshikawa
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Seishima
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwasaki
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Morikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Abe
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayumi Takao
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Misato Shimizu
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Masuko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motoo Nagane
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Frank B Furnari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tetsu Akiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Suematsu Gas Biology Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eishi Baba
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Nagano
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Li L, Qi L, Liang Z, Song W, Liu Y, Wang Y, Sun B, Zhang B, Cao W. Transforming growth factor-β1 induces EMT by the transactivation of epidermal growth factor signaling through HA/CD44 in lung and breast cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:113-22. [PMID: 26005723 PMCID: PMC4494581 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process closely related to tumor development, is regulated by a variety of signaling pathways and growth factors, such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Hyaluronan (HA) has been shown to induce EMT through either TGF-β1 or EGF signaling and to be a regulator of the crosstalk between these two pathways in fibroblasts. In this study, in order to clarify whether HA has the same effect in tumor cells, we utilized the lung cancer cell line, A549, and the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, and found that the effects of stimulation with TGF-β1 were more potent than those of EGF in regulating the expression of EMT-associated proteins and in enhancing cell migration and invasion. In addition, we observed that TGF-β1 activated EGF receptor (EGFR) and its downstream AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. Furthermore, we found that TGF-β1 upregulated the expression of hyaluronan synthases (HAS1, HAS2 and HAS3) and promoted the expression of CD44, a cell surface receptor for HA, which interacts with EGFR, resulting in the activation of the downstream AKT and ERK pathways. Conversely, treatment with 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU; an inhibitor of HAS) prior to stimulation with TGF-β1, inhibited the expression of CD44 and EGFR, abolished the interaction between CD44 and EGFR. Furthermore, the use of shRNA targeting CD44 impaired the expression of EGFR, deactivated the AKT and ERK pathways, reversed EMT and decreased the migration and invasion ability of cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that TGF-β1 induces EMT by the transactivation of EGF signaling through HA/CD44 in lung and breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmei Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Lisha Qi
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Zhijie Liang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Wangzhao Song
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yanxue Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yalei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Baocun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Wenfeng Cao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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50
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Wang Y, Jiang CQ, Fan LF. Correlation of Musashi-1, Lgr5, and pEGFR expressions in human small intestinal adenocarcinomas. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6075-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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