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Qiu WZ, Zhang HB, Xia WX, Ke LR, Yang J, Yu YH, Liang H, Huang XJ, Liu GY, Li WZ, Xiang YQ, Kang TB, Guo X, Lv X. The CXCL5/CXCR2 axis contributes to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by activating ERK/GSK-3β/snail signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:85. [PMID: 29665837 PMCID: PMC5905166 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Distant metastasis is the major cause of treatment failure in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Although several biomarkers correlate with metastasis and prognosis, the molecular mechanisms of NPC development and progression remain unclear. Methods Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, cell growth, foci formation, migration and invasion assays, and xenograft mouse models were utilized to examine the expression levels and functions of the CXCL5/CXCR2 axis in NPC. A luciferase reporter assay, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and migration and invasion assays were used to identify and verify the ERK/GSK-3β/Snail signalling pathway. Results CXCL5 was significantly increased in the sera of NPC patients, and high expression levels of CXCL5/CXCR2 in NPC primary tissues indicated poor survival. CXCL5 and CXCR2 were upregulated in NPC cell lines. Ectopic expression of the CXCL5/CXCR2 axis promoted NPC cell migration and invasion in vitro and the formation of lung metastases in vivo. Mechanistically, the dual overexpression of CXCL5 and CXCR2 promoted cell spreading by inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the activation of the ERK/GSK-3β/Snail signalling pathway. Conclusion The CXCL5/CXCR2 axis contributes to the EMT of NPC cells by activating ERK/GSK-3β/Snail signalling, and this axis may be a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for patients with NPC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0722-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ze Qiu
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wei-Xiong Xia
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Ru Ke
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, 4365 Kangxin Road, Shanghai, 201321, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Hui Yu
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Liang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Jun Huang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Ying Liu
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang-Zhong Li
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qun Xiang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie-Bang Kang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang Guo
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xing Lv
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Xiao D, Jia J, Shi Y, Fu C, Chen L, Jiang Y, Zhou L, Liu S, Tao Y. Opposed expression of IKKα: loss in keratinizing carcinomas and gain in non-keratinizing carcinomas. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25499-505. [PMID: 26317791 PMCID: PMC4694847 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional role of IKKα in vivo is pretty complicated, largely due to its diverse functions through cell autonomous and non-autonomous manners. In addition, most of the studies on IKKα were derived from animal models, whether these findings hold true in human tumors remain unclear. Here we examined the expression of IKKα in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which includes non-keratinizing carcinoma and keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, and lung squamous cell carcinoma with keratinization and non-keratinization. We demonstrated that IKKα expression was almost negative in keratinizing cancer and higher expression of IKKα was found in non-keratinizing cancer, and that IKKα expression correlateed with cellular differentiation of tumors in non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma. These findings demonstrate that IKKα is diversely expressed in keratinizing and non-keratinizing carcinomas in the same type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Jiantao Jia
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Chunyan Fu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Yiqun Jiang
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Center for Medicine Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Hunan, 410078, China
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7
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Zheng PC, Chen X, Zhu HW, Zheng W, Mao LH, Lin C, Liu JN, Zheng M. Capn4 is a marker of poor clinical outcomes and promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis via nuclear factor-κB-induced matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:630-8. [PMID: 24703594 PMCID: PMC4317905 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain small subunit 1 (Capn4) plays a key role in tumor migration or invasion. In this study, expression and function of Capn4 was investigated in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here we report that both mRNA and protein levels of Capn4 were elevated in NPC tissues when compared to normal NP tissues. Similarly, Capn4 was also highly expressed in multiple NPC cell lines, compared to immortalized human nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line NP69. Moreover, expression of Capn4 was significantly correlated with Epstein-Barr virus infection, advanced stages, and lymph node or distant metastasis (P < 0.001). The patients with NPC displaying higher Capn4 had a significantly shorter overall survival (P = 0.002) and progression-free survival (P = 0.003). Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of Capn4 suppressed cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. These events resulted from Capn4 downregulation were associated with reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), Snail, and Vimentin. Finally, we demonstrated that Capn4 upregulated MMP2 via nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, manifested by increased phosphorylation of p65, a subunit of NF-κB. Together, these findings argue a novel function of Capn4 in invasion and metastasis of NPC, and thereby suggest that Capn4 may represent an independent prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chan Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military CommandFuzhou, China
| | - Hong-Wu Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military CommandGuangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Cancer HospitalFuzhou, China
| | - Li-Hua Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military CommandFuzhou, China
| | - Cheng Lin
- Department of Oncology, Fuzong Clinical College, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Jing-Nan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Fuzong Clinical College, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, China
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8
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Chen Z, Tao ZZ, Chen SM, Chen C, Li F, Xiao BK. Indole-3-carbinol inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth through cell cycle arrest in vivo and in vitro. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82288. [PMID: 24358165 PMCID: PMC3864926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a common malignant tumor in the head and neck. Because of frequent recurrence and distant metastasis which are the main causes of death, better treatment is needed. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a natural phytochemical found in the vegetables of the cruciferous family, shows anticancer effect through various signal pathways. I3C induces G1 arrest in NPC cell line with downregulation of cell cycle-related proteins, such as CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 and pRb. In vivo, nude mice receiving I3C protectively or therapeutically exhibited smaller tumors than control group after they were inoculated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. The expression of CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 and pRb in preventive treatment group and drug treatment group both decreased compared with the control group. We conclude that I3C can inhibit the growth of NPC in vitro and in vivo by suppressing the expression of CDK and cyclin families. The drug was safe and had no toxic effects on normal tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ze-Zhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Shi-Ming Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo-kui Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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