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Zhou Q, Wang R, Su Y, Wang B, Zhang Y, Qin X. The molecular circadian rhythms regulating the cell cycle. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30539. [PMID: 38372014 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The circadian clock controls the expression of a large proportion of protein-coding genes in mammals and can modulate a wide range of physiological processes. Recent studies have demonstrated that disruption or dysregulation of the circadian clock is involved in the development and progression of several diseases, including cancer. The cell cycle is considered to be the fundamental process related to cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that the circadian clock can control the expression of a large number of genes related to the cell cycle. This article reviews the mechanism of cell cycle-related genes whose chromatin regulatory elements are rhythmically occupied by core circadian clock transcription factors, while their RNAs are rhythmically expressed. This article further reviews the identified oscillatory cell cycle-related genes in higher organisms such as baboons and humans. The potential functions of these identified genes in regulating cell cycle progression are also discussed. Understanding how the molecular clock controls the expression of cell cycle genes will be beneficial for combating and treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ruohan Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yunxia Su
- Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Bowen Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Modern Experiment Technology Center, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ximing Qin
- Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Hedyotis diffusae Herba-Andrographis Herba inhibits the cellular proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and triggers DNA damage through activation of p53 and p21. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:973-983. [PMID: 34754077 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the cell cycle and the resulting aberrant cellular proliferation has been highlighted as a hallmark of cancer. Certain traditional Chinese medicines can inhibit cancer growth by inducing cell cycle arrest. In this study we explore the effect of Hedyotis diffusae Herba-Andrographis Herba on the cell cycle of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Hedyotis diffusae Herba-Andrographis Herba-containing serum was prepared and then added to the cell culture medium. BrdU, comet, and FUCCI assays, western blot analysis and flow cytometry analysis revealed that Hedyotis diffusae Herba-Andrographis Herba treatment significantly alters cell proliferation, DNA damage, and cell cycle distribution. Xenograft mouse model experiments were performed, confirming these in vitro findings in vivo. Treatment with Hedyotis diffusae Herba-Andrographis Herba inhibited cell proliferation, promoted DNA damage, and arrested NPC cells progression from G1 to S phase. Further examination of the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that treatment with Hedyotis diffusae Herba-Andrographis Herba increased the expression of p53 and p21, while reducing that of CCND1, Phospho-Rb, E2F1, γH2AX, and Ki-67 both in vivo and in vitro. Conversely, the inhibition of p53 and p21 could abolish the promoting effect of Hedyotis diffusae Herba-Andrographis Herba on the NPC cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, contributing to the proliferation of NPC cells. Hedyotis diffusae Herba-Andrographis Herba suppressed the tumor growth in vivo. Overall, these findings suggest that Hedyotis Diffusae Herba-Andrographis prevent the progression of NPC by inducing NPC cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase through a p53/p21-dependent mechanism, providing a novel potential therapeutic treatment against NPC.
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Cell cycle involvement in cancer therapy; WEE1 kinase, a potential target as therapeutic strategy. Mutat Res 2022; 824:111776. [PMID: 35247630 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2022.111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitosis is the process of cell division and is regulated by checkpoints in the cell cycle. G1-S, S, and G2-M are the three main checkpoints that prevent initiation of the next phase of the cell cycle phase until previous phase has completed. DNA damage leads to activation of the G2-M checkpoint, which can trigger a downstream DNA damage response (DDR) pathway to induce cell cycle arrest while the damage is repaired. If the DNA damage cannot be repaired, the replication stress response (RSR) pathway finally leads to cell death by apoptosis, in this case called mitotic catastrophe. Many cancer treatments (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) cause DNA damages based on SSBs (single strand breaks) or DSBs (double strand breaks), which cause cell death through mitotic catastrophe. However, damaged cells can activate WEE1 kinase (as a part of the DDR and RSR pathways), which prevents apoptosis and cell death by inducing cell cycle arrest at G2 phase. Therefore, inhibition of WEE1 kinase could sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. This review focuses on the role of WEE1 kinase (as a biological macromolecule which has a molecular mass of 96 kDa) in the cell cycle, and its interactions with other regulatory pathways. In addition, we discuss the potential of WEE1 inhibition as a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of various cancers, such as melanoma, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, cervical cancer, etc.
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Zhang B, Miao T, Shen X, Bao L, Zhang C, Yan C, Wei W, Chen J, Xiao L, Sun C, Du J, Li Y. EB virus-induced ATR activation accelerates nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth via M2-type macrophages polarization. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:742. [PMID: 32917854 PMCID: PMC7486933 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation induced by persistent viruses infection plays an essential role in tumor progression, which influenced on the interaction between the tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. Our earlier study showed that ATR, a key kinase participant in single-stranded DNA damage response (DDR), was obviously activated by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, how EBV-induced ATR activation promotes NPC by influencing inflammatory microenvironment, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), remains elusive. In this study, we showed that EBV could promote the expression of p-ATR and M2-type TAMs transformation in clinical NPC specimens. The expression of p-ATR and M2-type TAMs were closely correlated each other and involved in TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of the patients. In addition, the expression levels of CD68+CD206+, Arg1, VEGF, and CCL22 were increased in EB+ CNE1 cells, and decreased when ATR was inhibited. In the nude mice, EBV-induced ATR activation promoted subcutaneous transplanted tumor growth, higher expression of Ki67 and lung metastasis via M2-type TAMs recruitment. Experimental data also showed that the polarization of M2, the declined tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and increased transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were associated with ATR. Meanwhile, ATR activation could promote PPAR-δ and inhibited c-Jun and p-JNK expression, then downregulate JNK pathway. Collectively, our current study demonstrated the EBV infection could activate the ATR pathway to accelerate the transition of TAMs to M2, suggesting ATR knockdown could be a potential effective treatment strategy for EBV-positive NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Stomatology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Tianyu Miao
- Vascular Surgery of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lirong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Caixia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chongkui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jintao Du
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Liu Y, Liu Q, Wang Z, Chen M, Chen Y, Li X, Huang D, Fan S, Xiong W, Li G, Zhang W. Upregulation of cyclin D1 can act as an independent prognostic marker for longer survival time in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23298. [PMID: 32697404 PMCID: PMC7439355 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclin D1 is an essential part of oncogenic transformation. We previously proved that cyclin D1 was upregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and promoted the NPC cell proliferation. But the association between cyclin D1 and the clinical outcome of NPC has not yet been determined. The study explores the possible relevance between the cyclin D1 expression and clinical parameters and its predictive value of prognosis in NPC patients. Methods We analyzed the clinical data from 379 NPC patients and 112 non‐NPC patients in our previous study, which made further statistics. Receiver operating curve (ROC) was applied to select the optimal cutoff points. By analyzing the clinical data from 101 NPC patients using Chi‐squared test, we estimated the relationship between the cyclin D1 expression level and clinicopathological parameters. We also used Kaplan‐Meier method and log‐rank test assess and compared the disease‐free survival (DFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate. The Cox proportional hazards model was adopted to perform the univariate and multivariate analyses. Result Receiver operating curve analysis reported that cyclin D1 was used to differentiate between NPC patients and non‐NPC patients (P < .001, sensitivity: 53.6%, specificity: 85.7%, AUC = 0.752). Cyclin D1 was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = .015). A survival analysis of the 101 NPC patients indicated that the positive expression of cyclin D1 was predictive of a good prognosis (DFS: P = .010, OS: P = .019). Multivariate analysis showed that cyclin D1 could be used independently to predict NPC patients' prognosis (DFS: P = .038). Conclusion The overexpression of cyclin D1 is a good prognostic marker for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingluan Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meilin Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Donghai Huang
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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EBV infection is associated with histone bivalent switch modifications in squamous epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:14144-14153. [PMID: 31235597 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821752116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) induces histone modifications to regulate signaling pathways involved in EBV-driven tumorigenesis. To date, the regulatory mechanisms involved are poorly understood. In this study, we show that EBV infection of epithelial cells is associated with aberrant histone modification; specifically, aberrant histone bivalent switches by reducing the transcriptional activation histone mark (H3K4me3) and enhancing the suppressive mark (H3K27me3) at the promoter regions of a panel of DNA damage repair members in immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial (NPE) cells. Sixteen DNA damage repair family members in base excision repair (BER), homologous recombination, nonhomologous end-joining, and mismatch repair (MMR) pathways showed aberrant histone bivalent switches. Among this panel of DNA repair members, MLH1, involved in MMR, was significantly down-regulated in EBV-infected NPE cells through aberrant histone bivalent switches in a promoter hypermethylation-independent manner. Functionally, expression of MLH1 correlated closely with cisplatin sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, seven BER members with aberrant histone bivalent switches in the EBV-positive NPE cell lines were significantly enriched in pathway analysis in a promoter hypermethylation-independent manner. This observation is further validated by their down-regulation in EBV-infected NPE cells. The in vitro comet and apurinic/apyrimidinic site assays further confirmed that EBV-infected NPE cells showed reduced DNA damage repair responsiveness. These findings suggest the importance of EBV-associated aberrant histone bivalent switch in host cells in subsequent suppression of DNA damage repair genes in a methylation-independent manner.
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7
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Zhang B, Cui B, Du J, Shen X, Wang K, Chen J, Xiao L, Sun C, Li Y. ATR activated by EB virus facilitates chemotherapy resistance to cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:573-585. [PMID: 30666155 PMCID: PMC6331066 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s187099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is closely associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and increases the chemotherapy resistance of tumor cells. Although the mechanism by which EBV manipulates ataxia telangiectasia mutation (ATM)-mediated DNA damage response in NPC has been extensively studied, the relationship between ATR (ATM and Rad-3 related) and EBV infection is largely unexplored, and also the role of ATR in chemotherapy resistance in EBV-positive NPC has not been specifically reported. Materials and methods Levels of γ-H2AX, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), and EBV-encoded RNA in clinical NPC and nasopharyngeal inflammation (NPI) specimens were examined using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The effects of EBV infection, chemotherapy drugs cisplatin (CDDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment, and ATR silencing were assessed in NPC cells in vitro using immunofluorescence, Western blot, and flow cytometry. Results A notable increase of γ-H2AX expression was examined in the EBV-positive NPC clinical specimens. Additionally, we observed that the phosphorylation of ATR/checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) pathway protein was gradually activated along with the duration of EBV exposure in NPC cell lines, which was obviously inhibited after ATR depletion. Moreover, EBV infection promoted the resistance of NPC cells to CDDP and 5-FU, whereas the chemosensitivity of cells was significantly enhanced following ATR knockdown. Furthermore, ATR depletion caused both S-phase cell arrest and apoptosis, enhanced p53 phosphorylation, and impaired the formation of Rad51. Conclusion Our data suggest that EBV activation of ATR-mediated DNA damage response might result in chemotherapy resistance to CDDP and 5-FU in NPC. Accordingly, ATR knockdown may serve as an effective treatment strategy for chemotherapy-resistant, EBV-positive NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China, ;
| | - Bomiao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China, ;
| | - Jintao Du
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China, ;
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China, ;
| | - Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China, ;
| | - Liying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China, ;
| | - Chongkui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China, ;
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China, ;
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Anti-Cancer Mechanisms of Taurine in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1155:533-541. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Oridonin induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 815:282-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lu Z, Li S, Ning S, Yao M, Zhou X, Wu Y, Zhong C, Yan K, Wei Z, Xie Y. Association of the rs1760944 polymorphism in the APEX1 base excision repair gene with risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a population from an endemic area in South China. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 32. [PMID: 28464393 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APEX1) plays a central role in the repair of oxidative DNA lesions via base excision repair, and polymorphism in the APEX1 gene may affect susceptibility to carcinogenesis. METHODS Here, we assessed possible relationships between single-nucleotide polymorphism at APEX1 rs1760944 and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in 477 NPC patients and 558 healthy controls from Guangxi province, which is the second largest NPC endemic area in South China. RESULTS Genotype frequencies in controls were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Logistic regression analysis identified the genotypes GT or GG as associated with significantly lower risk than the genotype TT (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.745, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.573-0.970). This apparent protective effect of GT/GG was even greater among those with no smoking history (adjusted OR 0.679, 95%CI 0.494-0.934). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that APEX1 rs1760944 polymorphism may correlate with NPC susceptibility in a population from an endemic area in South China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Lu
- Graduate School of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Graduate School of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Sisi Ning
- Graduate School of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Mengwei Yao
- Graduate School of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xunzhao Zhou
- Graduate School of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Graduate School of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Changtao Zhong
- Graduate School of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kui Yan
- Graduate School of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhengbo Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Tumor Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for High-Incidence Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Experimental Center of Medical Science of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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11
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Mak JPY, Man WY, Chow JPH, Ma HT, Poon RYC. Pharmacological inactivation of CHK1 and WEE1 induces mitotic catastrophe in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21074-84. [PMID: 26025928 PMCID: PMC4673251 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare but highly invasive cancer. As radiotherapy is the primary treatment for NPC, this offers a rationale to investigate if uncoupling the DNA damage responses can sensitize this cancer type. The G2 DNA damage checkpoint is controlled by a cascade of protein kinases: ATM/ATR, which phosphorylates CHK1/CHK2, which in turn phosphorylates WEE1. A number of small molecule inhibitors have been developed against these kinases as potential therapeutic agents. Here we demonstrated that compare to that in immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cells, ATR, CHK1, and WEE1 were overexpressed in NPC cell lines. Inhibitors of these kinases were unable to promote extensive mitotic catastrophe in ionizing radiation-treated NPC cells, indicating that they are not very effective radiosensitizer for this cancer. In the absence of prior irradiation, however, mitotic catastrophe could be induced with inhibitors against CHK1 (AZD7762) or WEE1 (MK-1775). NPC cells were more sensitive to WEE1 inactivation than nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Targeting CHK1 and WEE1 together induced more extensive mitotic catastrophe than the individual components alone. Taken together, our results show that NPC cells depend on CHK1 and WEE1 activity for growth and that inhibitors of these kinases may serve as potential therapeutics for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce P Y Mak
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Yu Man
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Jeremy P H Chow
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi Tang Ma
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Randy Y C Poon
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
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12
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Gong Z, Yang Q, Zeng Z, Zhang W, Li X, Zu X, Deng H, Chen P, Liao Q, Xiang B, Zhou M, Li X, Li Y, Xiong W, Li G. An integrative transcriptomic analysis reveals p53 regulated miRNA, mRNA, and lncRNA networks in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3683-95. [PMID: 26462838 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that p53 dysfunction is closely related to the carcinogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Recently, an increasing body of evidence has indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in p53-associated signaling pathways and, in addition to mRNAs, form a complex regulation network to promote tumor occurrence and progression. The aim of this study was to elucidate the p53-regulated miRNAs, mRNAs, and lncRNAs and their regulating networks in NPC. Firstly, we overexpressed p53 in the NPC cell line HNE2 and performed transcriptomic gene expression profiling (GEP) analysis, which included miRNAs, mRNAs, and lncRNAs, using microarray technology at 0, 12, 24, and 48 h after transfection. There were 38 miRNAs (33 upregulated and 5 downregulated), 2107 mRNAs (296 upregulated and 1811 downregulated), and 1190 lncRNAs (133 upregulated and 1057 downregulated) that were significantly dysregulated by p53. Some of the dysregulated molecules were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Then, we integrated previously published miRNAs, mRNAs, and lncRNAs GEP datasets from NPC biopsies to investigate the expression of these p53 regulated molecules and found that 7 miRNAs, 218 mRNAs, and 101 lncRNAs regulated by p53 were also differentially expressed in NPC tissues. Finally, p53-regulated miRNA, mRNA, and lncRNA networks were constructed using bioinformatics methods. These miRNAs, mRNAs, and lncRNAs may participate in p53 downstream signaling pathways and play important roles in the carcinogenesis of NPC. Thorough investigations of their biological functions and regulating relationships will provide a novel view of the p53 signaling pathway, and the restoration of p53 functioning or its downstream gene regulating network is potentially of great value in treating NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojian Gong
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Nursing, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- Clinical Research Institution, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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13
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Li J, Hong MJ, Chow JP, Man WY, Mak JP, Ma HT, Poon RY. Co-inhibition of polo-like kinase 1 and Aurora kinases promotes mitotic catastrophe. Oncotarget 2015; 6:9327-40. [PMID: 25871386 PMCID: PMC4496220 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitosis is choreographed by a number of protein kinases including polo-like kinases and Aurora kinases. As these kinases are frequently dysregulated in cancers, small-molecule inhibitors have been developed for targeted anticancer therapies. Given that PLK1 and Aurora kinases possess both unique functions as well as co-regulate multiple mitotic events, whether pharmacological inhibition of these kinases together can enhance mitotic catastrophe remains an outstanding issue to be determined. Using concentrations of inhibitors that did not induce severe mitotic defects on their own, we found that both the metaphase arrest and mitotic slippage induced by inhibitors targeting Aurora A and Aurora B (MK-5108 and Barasertib respectively) were enhanced by a PLK1 inhibitor (BI 2536). We found that PLK1 is overexpressed in cells from nasopharyngeal carcinoma, a highly invasive cancer with poor prognosis, in comparison to normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells were more sensitive to BI 2536 as a single agent and co-inhibition with Aurora kinases than normal cells. These observations underscore the mechanism and potential benefits of targeting PLK1 and Aurora kinases to induce mitotic catastrophe in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Myung Jin Hong
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Jeremy P.H. Chow
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Yu Man
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Joyce P.Y. Mak
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi Tang Ma
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Randy Y.C. Poon
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
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