1
|
Mori S, Akita H, Kobayashi S, Iwagami Y, Yamada D, Tomimaru Y, Noda T, Gotoh K, Takeda Y, Tanemura M, Doki Y, Eguchi H. Inhibition of c-MET reverses radiation-induced malignant potential in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 512:51-59. [PMID: 33965452 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
As a treatment option for PDAC, radiation therapy induces good local control. However, radiation also reportedly enhances the malignant potential (e.g., invasion and migration ability) in various cancers, thus increasing the risk of distant metastasis. It remains unclear how radiation induces malignant potential, and how such enhanced malignant potential can be suppressed. In the current study, we evaluated the sequential change of c-Met expression in pancreatic cancer cells following irradiation. We found that irradiation transiently induced c-Met expression in vitro. In an in vivo subcutaneous tumor mouse model, irradiation also enhanced downstream phosphorylated Met (p-Met). Furthermore, this enhancement of p-Met protein expression was suppressed by oral administration of the c-Met inhibitor INC280. Irradiated pancreatic cancer cells with enhanced c-Met expression exhibited higher malignant potential, including invasion and migration ability, compared with cells showing low c-Met expression. Pancreatic cancer cells that overexpressed c-met also showed enhanced malignant potential, which was reversed by c-Met inhibition. Additionally, c-Met inhibitor suppressed the metastatic potential in a liver metastasis mouse model using c-met-overexpressing cells. Overall, our present results revealed that irradiation could induce c-met expression in pancreatic cancer cells, leading to enhanced malignant potential (e.g., invasion and migration ability) and thus promoting distant metastasis. Moreover, a c-Met inhibitor could reverse this enhanced malignant potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Mori
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Osaka, 591-8025, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoshifumi Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisaku Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tomimaru
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takehiro Noda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kunihito Gotoh
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takeda
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Hyogo, 660-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tanemura
- Department of Surgery, Rinku General Medical Center, Osaka, 598-8577, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghasemi Z, Tahmasebi-Birgani MJ, Ghafari Novin A, Motlagh PE, Teimoori A, Ghadiri A, Pourghadamyari H, Sarli A, Khanbabaei H. Fractionated radiation promotes proliferation and radioresistance in bystander A549 cells but not in bystander HT29 cells. Life Sci 2020; 257:118087. [PMID: 32702442 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recent studies suggest that direct exposure of cells to fractionated radiotherapy might induce radioresistance. However, the effects of fractionated radiotherapy on the non-irradiated bystander cells remain unclear. We hypothesized that fractionated radiotherapy could enhance radioresistance and proliferation of bystander cells. MAIN METHODS Human tumor cell lines, including A549 and HT29 were irradiated (2 Gy per day). The irradiated cells (either A549 or HT29) were co-cultured with non-irradiated cells of the same line using transwell co-culture system. Tumor cell proliferation, radioresistance and apoptosis were measured using MTT assay, clonogenic survival assay and Annexin-V in bystander cells, respectively. In addition, activation of Chk1 (Ser 317), Chk2 (Thr 68) and Akt (Ser473) were measured via western blot. KEY FINDINGS Irradiated HT29 cells induced conventional bystander effects detected as modulation of clonogenic survival parameters (decreased area under curve, D10 and ED50 and increased α) and proliferation in recipient neighbors. While, irradiated A549 cells significantly enhanced the radioresistance and proliferation of bystander cells. These changes were accompanied with enhanced activation of Chk1, Chk2 and Akt in non-irradiated bystander A549 cells. Moreover, both bystander effects (damaging and protective) were mediated through secreted factors. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that fractionated radiotherapy could promote proliferation and radioresistance of bystander cells probably through survival and proliferation pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghasemi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Modern Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arefeh Ghafari Novin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Esmaili Motlagh
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, General Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Ata Ghadiri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Pourghadamyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abdolazim Sarli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Science School, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hashem Khanbabaei
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fiedler M, Weber F, Hautmann MG, Bohr C, Reichert TE, Ettl T. Infiltrating immune cells are associated with radiosensitivity and favorable survival in head and neck cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 129:612-620. [PMID: 32409191 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of CD4+, CD8+ and Forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, as well as CD1a+ tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells on the radiosensitivity and survival of primarily chemoirradiated advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. STUDY DESIGN Immunohistochemical staining for CD4, CD8, FoxP3 and CD1a was performed in 82 primarily chemoirradiated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Associations with clinicopathologic data, programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), p16, radiation response, and survival were examined. RESULTS High CD4 expression was associated with complete response after radiation (P = .006) and high CD1a expression (P = .024). High CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte counts were associated with absence of tumor relapse (P = .032) and better disease-free survival (P = .051). Strong overall T-cell infiltration was found more often in tumors with high-grade differentiation (P = .004), complete response after radiation (P = .022), and better overall survival and disease-specific survival (each P = .052). Tumors with high FoxP3+ T regulatory (Treg) infiltration more often showed high-grade tumor differentiation (P = .017), advanced patient age (P = .02), high PD-1 (P = .007), high CD4 (P = .002), and high CD8 expression (P = .002), as well as better disease-free survival (P = .019). CONCLUSIONS T-cell activation (high CD4, CD8 and FoxP3 expression) is associated with radio response and favorable survival in advanced head and neck cancer treated with definitive chemoradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Fiedler
- Fellow, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Tobias Ettl
- Deputy Chairman, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Harsha C, Banik K, Ang HL, Girisa S, Vikkurthi R, Parama D, Rana V, Shabnam B, Khatoon E, Kumar AP, Kunnumakkara AB. Targeting AKT/mTOR in Oral Cancer: Mechanisms and Advances in Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093285. [PMID: 32384682 PMCID: PMC7246494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC) is a devastating disease that takes the lives of lots of people globally every year. The current spectrum of treatment modalities does not meet the needs of the patients. The disease heterogeneity demands personalized medicine or targeted therapies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify potential targets for the treatment of OC. Abundant evidence has suggested that the components of the protein kinase B (AKT)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway are intrinsic factors for carcinogenesis. The AKT protein is central to the proliferation and survival of normal and cancer cells, and its downstream protein, mTOR, also plays an indispensable role in the cellular processes. The wide involvement of the AKT/mTOR pathway has been noted in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This axis significantly regulates the various hallmarks of cancer, like proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, autophagy, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Activated AKT/mTOR signaling is also associated with circadian signaling, chemoresistance and radio-resistance in OC cells. Several miRNAs, circRNAs and lncRNAs also modulate this pathway. The association of this axis with the process of tumorigenesis has culminated in the identification of its specific inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of OC. In this review, we discussed the significance of AKT/mTOR signaling in OC and its potential as a therapeutic target for the management of OC. This article also provided an update on several AKT/mTOR inhibitors that emerged as promising candidates for therapeutic interventions against OC/head and neck cancer (HNC) in clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Hui Li Ang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Rajesh Vikkurthi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Varsha Rana
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Bano Shabnam
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Elina Khatoon
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Correspondence: (A.P.K.); (A.B.K.); Tel.: +65-6516-5456 (A.P.K.); +91-361-258-2231 (A.B.K.); Fax: +65-6873-9664 (A.P.K.); +91-361-258-2249 (A.B.K.)
| | - Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (C.H.); (K.B.); (S.G.); (R.V.); (D.P.); (V.R.); (B.S.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.K.); (A.B.K.); Tel.: +65-6516-5456 (A.P.K.); +91-361-258-2231 (A.B.K.); Fax: +65-6873-9664 (A.P.K.); +91-361-258-2249 (A.B.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Circumventing AKT-Associated Radioresistance in Oral Cancer by Novel Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Capivasertib. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030533. [PMID: 32106632 PMCID: PMC7140405 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of radioresistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a significant problem in cancer treatment, contributing to the lack of improvement in survival trends in recent decades. Effective strategies to overcome radioresistance are necessary to improve the therapeutic outcomes of radiotherapy in OSCC patients. METHODS Cells and xenograft tumors were irradiated using the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform. AKT inhibitor capivasertib (AZD5363) was encapsulated into cathepsin B-responsible nanoparticles (NPs) for tumor-specific delivery. Cell viability was measured by alamarBlue, cell growth was determined by colony formation and 3D culture, and apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry with the staining of Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) Annexin V and PI. An orthotopic tongue tumor model was used to evaluate the in vivo therapeutic effects. The molecular changes induced by the treatments were assessed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We show that upregulation of AKT signaling is the critical mechanism for radioresistance in OSCC cells, and AKT inactivation by a selective and potent AKT inhibitor capivasertib results in radiosensitivity. Moreover, relative to irradiation (IR) alone, IR combined with the delivery of capivasertib in association with tumor-seeking NPs greatly enhanced tumor cell repression in 3D cell cultures and OSCC tumor shrinkage in an orthotopic mouse model. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that capivasertib is a potent agent that sensitizes radioresistant OSCC cells to IR and is a promising strategy to overcome failure of radiotherapy in OSCC patients.
Collapse
|
6
|
Riva G, Pecorari G, Biolatti M, Pautasso S, Lo Cigno I, Garzaro M, Dell'Oste V, Landolfo S. PYHIN genes as potential biomarkers for prognosis of human papillomavirus-positive or -negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3333-3347. [PMID: 30980272 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to determine the expression levels of PYHIN (IFI16 and AIM2) and APOBEC3 (A3A, A3B, A3C, A3D, A3F, A3G, and A3H) gene family members in a cohort of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and assess their potential correlation with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status, clinical characteristics, and survival. For this purpose, 34 HNSCC tissue specimens along with healthy surrounding mucosa were collected from patients surgically treated for HNSCC. Nucleic acids were isolated to assess the presence of HPV and the expression levels of selected molecular markers. Survival analysis was carried out using the Kaplan-Meier method. In HPV-negative (HPV-) HNSCCs, we detected low mRNA expression levels of IFI16, A3A, and A3B, whereas these genes were upregulated of 2-100 folds in HPV-positive (HPV+) tumors (p < 0.05). Interestingly, AIM2 gene expression levels were predominantly unchanged in HPV+ HNSCCs compared to their HPV- counterparts, in which AIM2 was predominantly upregulated (10% vs. 50% of patients). In HPV- tumors, upregulation of TP53, NOTCH1, PD-L1, and IFI16 correlated with lower occurrence of nodal metastases. On the other hand, the expression of APOBEC family members did not correlate with clinical characteristics. Regarding survival, patients with upregulated A3F gene expression had a worse prognosis, while patients without changes in A3H expression had a lower survival rate. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the innate immune sensors IFI16 and AIM2 and some APOBEC family members could be potentially used as biomarkers for disease outcome in HNSCC patients regardless of HPV presence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Riva
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 9, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pecorari
- Otorhinolaryngology Division, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Matteo Biolatti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 9, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Pautasso
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 9, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Irene Lo Cigno
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Garzaro
- Otorhinolaryngology Division, Department of Surgery, University of Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro", Corso Mazzini 18, Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Dell'Oste
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 9, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Santo Landolfo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 9, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jagadeeshan S, Prasad M, Ortiz-Cuaran S, Gregoire V, Saintigny P, Elkabets M. Adaptive Responses to Monotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer: Interventions for Rationale-Based Therapeutic Combinations. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:365-390. [PMID: 31208698 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Most Phase II and III clinical trials in head and neck cancer (HNC) combine two or more treatment modalities, which are based, in part, on knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of innate and acquired resistance to monotherapy. In this review, we describe the range of tumor-cell autonomously derived (intrinsic) and tumor-microenvironment-derived (extrinsic) acquired-resistance mechanisms to various FDA-approved monotherapies for HNC. Specifically, we describe how tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) respond to radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy (cetuximab), and immunotherapies [programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors] and adapt to the selective pressure of these monotherapies. Due to the diversity of adaptive responses to monotherapy, monitoring the response to treatment in patients is critical to understand the path that leads to resistance and to guide the optimal therapeutic drug combinations in the clinical setting. We envisage that applying such a rationale-based therapeutic strategy will improve treatment efficacy in HNC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Jagadeeshan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Manu Prasad
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Sandra Ortiz-Cuaran
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Vincent Gregoire
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France; Department of Radiation Therapy, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Pierre Saintigny
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rosin FCP, Teixeira MG, Pelissari C, Corrêa L. Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by 5-aminolevulinic Acid Promotes the Upregulation and Modifies the Intracellular Expression of Surveillance Proteins in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:635-643. [PMID: 30267573 DOI: 10.1111/php.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Expression of proteins related to cell surveillance has been described in tumors presenting resistance to photodynamic therapy (PDT). The aim of this study was to verify whether there was upregulation of proteins related to resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) after PDT. OSCC was chemically induced in rats and treated after one cycle of PDT mediated by 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA-PDT). Immunolabeling of p-NFκB, Bcl-2, survivin, iNOS, p-Akt, p-mTOR and cyclin D1 was performed after the treatment. There was increased expression of Bcl-2 (P = 0.008), iNOS (P = 0.020), p-Akt (P = 0.020) and p-mTOR (P = 0.010) by surviving neoplastic cells after PDT when compared to the control. In conclusion, after one cycle of 5-ALA-mediated PDT, Bcl-2, p-Akt, p-mTOR and iNOS were upregulated in neoplastic cells of OSCC, suggesting an activation of antiapoptosis and cell proliferation pathways. This fact must be considered in the establishment of PDT protocols for OSCC treatment, mainly those in which PDT will be combined with chemotherapy drugs targeted at the studied proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cibele Pelissari
- Oral Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Corrêa
- General Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hervieu A, Kermorgant S. The Role of PI3K in Met Driven Cancer: A Recap. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:86. [PMID: 30406111 PMCID: PMC6207648 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) Met, overexpressed or mutated in cancer, plays a major role in cancer progression and represents an attractive target for cancer therapy. However RTK inhibitors can lead to drug resistance, explaining the necessity to develop therapies that target downstream signaling. Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is one of the most deregulated pathways in cancer and implicated in various types of cancer. PI3K signaling is also a major signaling pathway downstream of RTK, including Met. PI3K major effectors include Akt and "mechanistic Target of Rapamycin" (mTOR), which each play key roles in numerous and various cell functions. Advancements made due to the development of molecular and pharmaceutical tools now allow us to delve into the roles of each independently. In this review, we summarize the current understanding we possess of the activation and role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, downstream of Met, in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Hervieu
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Pharmacology Team, Cancer Therapeutics Division, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Spatial Signalling Team, Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphanie Kermorgant
- Spatial Signalling Team, Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao W, Sun M, Li S, Chen Z, Geng D. Transcription factor ATF3 mediates the radioresistance of breast cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4664-4675. [PMID: 30117642 PMCID: PMC6156394 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to research the influence of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) on the radioresistance of breast cancer. ATF3 expression was measured by qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. Cancerous cell lines were cultured in vitro, and the expression of ATF3 was gauged by both qRT‐PCR and Western blot before and after the radiation therapy. Cellular cycle and apoptosis were analysed by flow cytometry. Changes in the expression of corresponding proteins in the downstream pathways were identified by Western blot. Tumour xenograft was used to evaluate the effect of ATF3 in vivo. ATF3 was observed stronger in breast cancer tissues and cells. After radiation therapy, the expression of ATF3 in breast cancer cells was up‐regulated. Silencing ATF3 could promote G2/M phase block, facilitate cell apoptosis and decrease clonogenic survival rate. The overexpression of ATF3 could curb G2/M‐phase block, cell apoptosis and increase clonogenic survival rate. Overexpression ATF3 could increase radioresistance by up‐regulating the level of phosphorylation of Akt in the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Radioresistance of breast cancer cells could be alleviated by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. ATF3 could also promote radioresistance in vivo. ATF3 gene was able to promote radioresistance of breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuqiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaofu Chen
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Donghua Geng
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ghaffari H, Beik J, Talebi A, Mahdavi SR, Abdollahi H. New physical approaches to treat cancer stem cells: a review. Clin Transl Oncol 2018; 20:1502-1521. [PMID: 29869042 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-018-1896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified as the main center of tumor therapeutic resistance. They are highly resistant against current cancer therapy approaches particularly radiation therapy (RT). Recently, a wide spectrum of physical methods has been proposed to treat CSCs, including high energetic particles, hyperthermia (HT), nanoparticles (NPs) and combination of these approaches. In this review article, the importance and benefits of the physical CSCs therapy methods such as nanomaterial-based heat treatments and particle therapy will be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Ghaffari
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Junction of Shahid Hemmat and Chamran Expressway, Tehran, Iran
| | - J Beik
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Junction of Shahid Hemmat and Chamran Expressway, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Talebi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Junction of Shahid Hemmat and Chamran Expressway, Tehran, Iran
| | - S R Mahdavi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Junction of Shahid Hemmat and Chamran Expressway, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Junction of Shahid Hemmat and Chamran Expressway, Tehran, Iran.
| | - H Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Junction of Shahid Hemmat and Chamran Expressway, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang LJ, Li NN, Xu SJ, Zhang F, Hao MH, Yang XJ, Cai XH, Qiu PY, Ji HL, Xu P. A new and important relationship between miRNA-147a and PDPK1 in radiotherapy. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3519-3527. [PMID: 29144017 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It was found that the expression level of miR-147a was significantly increased and the pathway of PI3K/AKT was dramatically inhibited after radiation. In view of the relationship between miRNA and target genes, we put forward the question, what is the relationship between PI3K/AKT and miR-147a? In order to find the answer to the question, we used bioinformatics techniques to analyze the relationship between miR-147 (a or b) and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. miR-147a overexpression plasmid and PDPK1 3'UTR luciferase reporter gene plasmid were constructed. Dual luciferase reporter gene system validation experiments were carried out on miR-147a and PDPK1 relationship. The verification experiments were also carried out. Bioinformatics analysis showed that there is a miR-147a binding site in the non-coding region (3'UTR) of PDPK1. In the experimental groups transfected with wild type PDPK1 gene of 3'UTR plasmid, the luciferase activity decreased (or increased) significantly in miR-147a (or inhibitor) group compared with miR-NC (or anti-miR-NC); There was no significant difference between the miR-147a group (or inhibitor) and the miR-NC group (or anti-miR-NC) in the transfection of PDPK1-3'UTR-Mut gene vector. PDPK1 was a target gene for direct regulation of miR-147a downstream. Verifying test results showed that the expression of PDPK1 mRNA and protein was reduced after overexpression of miR-147a, which was up-regulated after silencing miR-147a in TC, and V79 cells. These results suggest that miR-147a could be involved in the regulation of PDPK1 transcription by binding to the target site in PDPK1 mRNA 3'UTR, and then regulated AKT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Na-Na Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Sai-Juan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ming-Hua Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xian-Jun Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombiant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xin-Hua Cai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Pei-Yong Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Long Ji
- Institute of Lung and Molecular Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rosin FCP, Teixeira MG, Pelissari C, Corrêa L. Resistance of oral cancer cells to 5‐ALA‐mediated photodynamic therapy. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3554-3562. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Cristina P. Rosin
- Pathology DepartmentSchool of DentistryUniversity of São Paulo. Av Prof Lineu PrestesSão PauloBrazil
| | - Marina Gabriela Teixeira
- Pathology DepartmentSchool of DentistryUniversity of São Paulo. Av Prof Lineu PrestesSão PauloBrazil
| | - Cibele Pelissari
- Pathology DepartmentSchool of DentistryUniversity of São Paulo. Av Prof Lineu PrestesSão PauloBrazil
| | - Luciana Corrêa
- Pathology DepartmentSchool of DentistryUniversity of São Paulo. Av Prof Lineu PrestesSão PauloBrazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fiedler M, Weber F, Hautmann MG, Haubner F, Reichert TE, Klingelhöffer C, Schreml S, Meier JK, Hartmann A, Ettl T. Biological predictors of radiosensitivity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:189-200. [PMID: 28315964 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of prognostic biomarkers on radiosensitivity and survival of advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas treated by primary (chemo)radiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The clinicopathological data and immunohistochemical staining of p16, c-Met, survivin, PD-1, and PD-L1 of 82 primarily (chemo)irradiated patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed. Associations with local and locoregional radiation response, overall survival (OS), disease-free (DFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS) were assessed. RESULTS Complete tumor response was associated with increased patient age (p = 0.007), N0-status (p = 0.022), M0-status (p = 0.007), and p16-positivity (p = 0.022). High PD-L1 was associated with M0-status (p = 0.026) and indicated tumor response to irradiation (p = 0.057); survivin expression showed higher rates of response failure (p = 0.073). Low PD-1 was associated with increased T-stage (p = 0.029) and local recurrence (p = 0.014). High PD-1 was strongly correlated with PD-L1-positive tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (p < 0.001). Low PD-L1 showed a significant correlation with high c-Met expression (p = 0.01). Significant predictors for unfavorable univariate survival were incomplete tumor response (DSS, p < 0.001), single radiotherapy (DSS, p = 0.002), M1-status (DSS, p < 0.001), decreased radiation dose (DSS, p = 0.014), high survivin (DSS, p = 0.045), and high c-Met (OS, p < 0.05). Survivin and c-Met also showed prognostic significance in multivariate survival analysis. CONCLUSIONS P16 and PD-L1 indicate radiosensitivity, whereas survivin and c-Met implicate radioresistance in primarily (chemo)irradiated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. The role of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints in radiation response and survival merits further investigation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The findings may improve patient-specific therapy according to individual tumor characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Fiedler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weber
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias G Hautmann
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Haubner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Torsten E Reichert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Klingelhöffer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schreml
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes K Meier
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 8/10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Ettl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu P, Zhang WB, Cai XH, Qiu PY, Hao MH, Lu DD. Activating AKT to inhibit JNK by troxerutin antagonizes radiation-induced PTEN activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 795:66-74. [PMID: 27916554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most effective non-surgical treatments for many tumors. However, radiation damage remains a major negative consequence of radiotherapy. At present, radio-protective effect of troxerutin has been confirmed, but the mechanism of this radioprotection has not been elucidated. Here, this study showed that troxerutin protected thymus tissue of irradiated mice, and its radio-protective effect on thymocytes was significant in the range of 0.625-10μg/ml. Troxerutin significantly inhibited apoptosis of irradiated thymocytes at the concentration of 10μg/ml. Computer-aided drug design was used to investigate potential candidate targets for troxerutin, and an excellent correlation was identified between troxerutin and AKT (Pharm mapper and KEGG signal pathway). Troxerutin inhibited the activation of PTEN to stimulate AKT, which in turn prevented the activation of JNK to protect cells. Our results showed that troxerutin enhanced radioprotection at least partially by activating AKT to inhibit the activation of JNK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.
| | - Wen-Bo Zhang
- Synthetic Biology Remaking Engineering and Application Laboratory, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Xin-Hua Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Pei-Yong Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Ming-Hua Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Dan-Dan Lu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yamamoto VN, Thylur DS, Bauschard M, Schmale I, Sinha UK. Overcoming radioresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2016; 63:44-51. [PMID: 27938999 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy plays an essential role in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), yet therapeutic efficacy is hindered by treatment-associated toxicity and tumor recurrence. In comparison to other cancers, innovation has proved challenging, with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody cetuximab being the only new radiosensitizing agent approved by the FDA in over half a century. This review examines the physiological mechanisms that contribute to radioresistance in HNSCC as well as preclinical and clinical data regarding novel radiosensitizing agents, with an emphasis on those with highest translational promise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicky N Yamamoto
- USC Tina and Rick Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - David S Thylur
- USC Tina and Rick Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael Bauschard
- USC Tina and Rick Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Isaac Schmale
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Uttam K Sinha
- USC Tina and Rick Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hartmann S, Bhola NE, Grandis JR. HGF/Met Signaling in Head and Neck Cancer: Impact on the Tumor Microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4005-13. [PMID: 27370607 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies to date have revealed several major molecular alterations that contribute to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) initiation, progression, metastatic spread, and therapeutic failure. The EGFR is the only FDA-approved therapeutic target, yet responses to cetuximab have been limited. Activation and cross-talk of cellular receptors and consequent activation of different signaling pathways contribute to limited activity of blockade of a single pathway. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, Met, has been implicated in HNSCC tumorigenesis and EGFR inhibitor resistance. HGF, the sole ligand of Met, is overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment. The role of HGF/Met signaling in proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis has been investigated in HNSCC, leading to clinical trials with various Met inhibitors and HGF antibodies. However, the role of the HGF/Met signaling axis in mediating the tumor microenvironment has been relatively understudied in HNSCC. In this review, we discuss the functional roles of Met and HGF in HNSCC with a focus on the tumor microenvironment and the immune system. Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 4005-13. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hartmann
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Neil E Bhola
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sonis ST, Hashemi S, Epstein JB, Nair RG, Raber-Durlacher JE. Could the biological robustness of low level laser therapy (Photobiomodulation) impact its use in the management of mucositis in head and neck cancer patients. Oral Oncol 2016; 54:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
19
|
Chen Y, Zhang F, Tsai Y, Yang X, Yang L, Duan S, Wang X, Keng P, Lee SO. IL-6 signaling promotes DNA repair and prevents apoptosis in CD133+ stem-like cells of lung cancer after radiation. Radiat Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26572130 DOI: 10.1186/s13014a015-0534a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local tumor control by standard fractionated radiotherapy (RT) remains poor because of tumor resistance to radiation (radioresistance). It has been suggested that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are more radioresistant than non-CSCs. In previous studies, we have shown IL-6 promotes self-renewal of CD133+ CSC-like cells. In this study, we investigated whether IL-6 plays roles not only in promoting self-renewal of CD133+ cells after radiation, but also in conferring radioresistance of CD133+ cells in NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS To compare radiation sensitivity of CSCs and non-CSCs, CD133+ CSC-like and CD133- cell populations were isolated from two NSCLC cell lines, A549 and H157, by immunomagnetic separation and their sensitivities to ionizing radiation were investigated using the clonogenic survival assay. To further study the IL-6 effect on the radiosensitivity of CD133+ CSC-like cells, CD133+ cells were isolated from A549IL-6si/sc and H157IL-6si/sc cells whose intracellular IL-6 levels were manipulated via the lentiviral transduction with IL-6siRNA. Post-irradiation DNA damage was analyzed by γ-H2AX staining and Comet assay. Molecular mechanisms by which IL-6 regulates the molecules associated with DNA repair and anti-apoptosis after radiation were analyzed by Western blot and immunofluoresecence (IF) staining analyses. RESULTS NSCLC CD133+ CSC-like cells were enriched upon radiation. Survival of NSCLC CD133+ cells after radiation was higher than that of CD133- cells. Survival of IL-6 expressing NSC LC CD133+ cells (sc) was higher than that of IL-6 knocked-down cells (IL-6si) after radiation. IL-6 played a role in protecting NSCLC CD133+ cells from radiation-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS IL-6 signaling promotes DNA repair while protecting CD133+ CSC-like cells from apoptotic death after radiation for lung cancer. A combined therapy of radiation and agents that inhibit IL-6 signaling (or its downstream signaling) is suggested to reduce CSC-mediated radioresistance in lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhchyau Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Ying Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Xiadong Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Shanzhou Duan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Peter Keng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Soo Ok Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen Y, Zhang F, Tsai Y, Yang X, Yang L, Duan S, Wang X, Keng P, Lee SO. IL-6 signaling promotes DNA repair and prevents apoptosis in CD133+ stem-like cells of lung cancer after radiation. Radiat Oncol 2015; 10:227. [PMID: 26572130 PMCID: PMC4647293 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-015-0534-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Local tumor control by standard fractionated radiotherapy (RT) remains poor because of tumor resistance to radiation (radioresistance). It has been suggested that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are more radioresistant than non-CSCs. In previous studies, we have shown IL-6 promotes self-renewal of CD133+ CSC-like cells. In this study, we investigated whether IL-6 plays roles not only in promoting self-renewal of CD133+ cells after radiation, but also in conferring radioresistance of CD133+ cells in NSCLC. Materials and methods To compare radiation sensitivity of CSCs and non-CSCs, CD133+ CSC-like and CD133- cell populations were isolated from two NSCLC cell lines, A549 and H157, by immunomagnetic separation and their sensitivities to ionizing radiation were investigated using the clonogenic survival assay. To further study the IL-6 effect on the radiosensitivity of CD133+ CSC-like cells, CD133+ cells were isolated from A549IL-6si/sc and H157IL-6si/sc cells whose intracellular IL-6 levels were manipulated via the lentiviral transduction with IL-6siRNA. Post-irradiation DNA damage was analyzed by γ-H2AX staining and Comet assay. Molecular mechanisms by which IL-6 regulates the molecules associated with DNA repair and anti-apoptosis after radiation were analyzed by Western blot and immunofluoresecence (IF) staining analyses. Results NSCLC CD133+ CSC-like cells were enriched upon radiation. Survival of NSCLC CD133+ cells after radiation was higher than that of CD133- cells. Survival of IL-6 expressing NSC LC CD133+ cells (sc) was higher than that of IL-6 knocked-down cells (IL-6si) after radiation. IL-6 played a role in protecting NSCLC CD133+ cells from radiation-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. Conclusions IL-6 signaling promotes DNA repair while protecting CD133+ CSC-like cells from apoptotic death after radiation for lung cancer. A combined therapy of radiation and agents that inhibit IL-6 signaling (or its downstream signaling) is suggested to reduce CSC-mediated radioresistance in lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhchyau Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Ying Tsai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Xiadong Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Shanzhou Duan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Peter Keng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Soo Ok Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 647, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling as a key mediator of tumor cell responsiveness to radiation. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:180-90. [PMID: 26192967 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is a key cascade downstream of several protein kinases, especially membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinases, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family members. Hyperactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is correlated with tumor development, progression, poor prognosis, and resistance to cancer therapies, such as radiotherapy, in human solid tumors. Akt/PKB (Protein Kinase B) members are the major kinases that act downstream of PI3K, and these are involved in a variety of cellular functions, including growth, proliferation, glucose metabolism, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and survival. Accumulating evidence indicates that activated Akt is one of the major predictive markers for solid tumor responsiveness to chemo/radiotherapy. DNA double-strand breaks (DNA-DSB), are the prime cause of cell death induced by ionizing radiation. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that constitutive activation of Akt and stress-induced activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway accelerate the repair of DNA-DSB and, consequently, lead to therapy resistance. Analyzing dysregulations of Akt, such as point mutations, gene amplification or overexpression, which results in the constitutive activation of Akt, might be of special importance in the context of radiotherapy outcomes. Such studies, as well as studies of the mechanism(s) by which activated Akt1 regulates repair of DNA-DSB, might help to identify combinations using the appropriate molecular targeting strategies with conventional radiotherapy to overcome radioresistance in solid tumors. In this review, we discuss the dysregulation of the components of upstream regulators of Akt as well as specific modifications of Akt isoforms that enhance Akt activity. Likewise, the mechanisms by which Akt interferes with repair of DNA after exposure to ionizing radiation, will be reviewed. Finally, the current status of Akt targeting in combination with radiotherapy will be discussed.
Collapse
|