1
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Sharma YK, Gawande M, Reche A, Bardia MR. Circulating Tumor Cells in Oral Cancer. Cureus 2024; 16:e51684. [PMID: 38318575 PMCID: PMC10839405 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Till now, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is graded as well-differentiated, moderately-differentiated, poorly-differentiated, and undifferentiated. However, this grading does not have a prediction of the prognosis of the patient. Also, prognosis impacts lymph node metastases, surgical margins, and vascular invasions (neural invasion, muscular invasion, salivary gland invasion). The prognosis of lymph node metastases is significant, which affects the survival of the patients which is 50%. So, a dependable blood marker is needed for prognosis in OSCC patients with loco-regional and distant recurrence. Some factors can be assisted only after surgery and invasive techniques to check the prognosis of the disease. Despite the ease of examining the oral cavity, there is no practical approach for non-invasive screening and detecting cancer. As it is abrupt to use such invasive procedures from time to time, there is a need for nonsurgical and reliable techniques to assess the progression of tumors. Also, frozen sections are helpful during the intraoperative procedure to evaluate the lymph node metastases. An increase in the number of tumor cells through blood is a significant event in disease metastases toward the peripheral blood. Oral health impact assessment instruments could aid in determining the quality of life, and their usage in the initial stages of oral carcinoma could help physicians choose the best treatment option for enhancing the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika K Sharma
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Madhuri Gawande
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Amit Reche
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Muskan R Bardia
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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2
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Minami S, Chikazu D, Ochiya T, Yoshioka Y. Extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsies in cancer: Future biomarkers for oral cancer. Transl Oncol 2023; 38:101786. [PMID: 37713973 PMCID: PMC10509717 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with approximately 530,000 new cases and 300,000 deaths each year. The process of carcinogenesis is complex, and survival rates have not changed significantly in recent decades. Early detection of cancer, prognosis prediction, treatment selection, and monitoring of progression are important to improve survival. With the recent significant advances in analytical technology, liquid biopsy has made it possible to achieve these goals. In this review, we report new results from clinical and cancer research applications of liquid biopsy, focusing on extracellular vesicles (EVs) among the major targets of liquid biopsy, namely, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and EVs. In addition, the potential application of EVs derived from gram-negative bacteria (outer membrane vesicles; OMVs) among oral bacteria, which have recently attracted much attention, to liquid biopsy for oral cancer will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Minami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Daichi Chikazu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
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3
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Ida S, Takahashi H, Tada H, Mito I, Matsuyama T, Chikamatsu K. Dynamic changes of the EMT spectrum between circulating tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment in human papillomavirus-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2023; 137:106296. [PMID: 36571985 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) differs in terms of cellular and molecular biological characteristics from HPV-negative HNSCC. However, differences in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) between HPV-positive and -negative HNSCC remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first analyzed eight epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes (VIM, CDH1, CDH2, SNAI1, SNAI2, TWIST1, ZEB1, and ZEB2) using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Next, we isolated CTCs from patients with HNSCC using CD45-negative selection and expression analysis of epithelial-related genes (EPCAM, EGFR, and MET) by RT-qPCR. CTC-positive samples were further analyzed for EMT-related genes. In addition, we investigated the proportion of circulating T cell subsets and CD38+ T cells using flow cytometry and their involvement in CTCs. RESULTS Compared with HPV-negative HNSCC, expression of CDH1, SNAI1, SNAI2, TWIST1, and ZEB1 was downregulated in HPV-positive HNSCC, as determined by TCGA analysis. CTCs were detected in 19 (52.8 %) of 36 HPV-positive and 26 (68.4 %) of 38 HPV-negative patients with HNSCC. EPCAM-positive and MET-positive CTCs were significantly more frequent in patients with HPV-negative HNSCC. HPV-positive patients with HNSCC exhibited significantly high SNAI1 and ZEB2 expression in CTCs. Interestingly, differences in SNAI1 expression levels differed markedly between CTCs and TCGA based on HPV status. Moreover, HPV-positive patients with HNSCC exhibiting SNAI1-high CTCs showed a superior prognosis and a lower proportion of CD38+ T cells than those with SNAI1-low CTCs. CONCLUSION Our results provide novel insights into the EMT-MET spectrum of CTCs and may contribute to the development of prognostic biomarkers for HPV-positive HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Ida
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroe Tada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ikko Mito
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsuyama
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chikamatsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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Dholariya S, Singh RD, Sonagra A, Yadav D, Vajaria BN, Parchwani D. Integrating Cutting-Edge Methods to Oral Cancer Screening, Analysis, and Prognosis. Crit Rev Oncog 2023; 28:11-44. [PMID: 37830214 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023047772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC) has become a significant barrier to health worldwide due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. OC is among the most prevalent types of cancer that affect the head and neck region, and the overall survival rate at 5 years is still around 50%. Moreover, it is a multifactorial malignancy instigated by genetic and epigenetic variabilities, and molecular heterogeneity makes it a complex malignancy. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are often the first warning signs of OC, although it is challenging to predict which cases will develop into malignancies. Visual oral examination and histological examination are still the standard initial steps in diagnosing oral lesions; however, these approaches have limitations that might lead to late diagnosis of OC or missed diagnosis of OPMDs in high-risk individuals. The objective of this review is to present a comprehensive overview of the currently used novel techniques viz., liquid biopsy, next-generation sequencing (NGS), microarray, nanotechnology, lab-on-a-chip (LOC) or microfluidics, and artificial intelligence (AI) for the clinical diagnostics and management of this malignancy. The potential of these novel techniques in expanding OC diagnostics and clinical management is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Dholariya
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Ragini D Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Sonagra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | | | | | - Deepak Parchwani
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India
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Patel S, Patel A, Nair A, Shah K, Shah K, Tanavde V, Rawal R. Salinomycin mediated therapeutic targeting of circulating stem like cell population in oral cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:11141-11153. [PMID: 34308783 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1957018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CD44+ circulating tumor stem cells (CTSCs) have been significantly associated with aggressiveness, resistance and poor prognosis of oral cancer patients. Thus, targeted elimination of these CTSCs could be a new conceptual framework for enhancing the therapeutic outcome of patients. Docking of potential investigational molecules and simulation results identified Salinomycin as a potential lead compound that could effectively inhibit CD44 receptor. To assess the cytotoxic effect, immuno-magnetically sorted circulatory CD44+ cells were subjected to increasing concentrations of 5FU, Cisplatin and Salinomycin. Salinomycin demonstrated significant cytotoxic effect towards the CD44+ subpopulation in a dose and time dependent manner. Further the effect of these compounds was investigated on apoptosis, cell cycle, signaling pathways and gene expression profiles using MuseTM flow cytometer and Real-Time PCR. It was observed that mRNA expression patterns of CD44v6, Nanog, AKT1, CDKN2A and β-catenin of Salinomycin treated CD44+ cells. Moreover, Salinomycin significantly induced programmed cell death by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and inhibiting MAPK/PI3K pathways in this chemo-resistant population. Thus, this study demonstrated the potential of Salinomycin to target the chemo-resistant circulating CD44 population by attenuating its proliferation and survival.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanaya Patel
- Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Aditi Patel
- Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Aishwarya Nair
- Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Kavan Shah
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kanisha Shah
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Vivek Tanavde
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rakesh Rawal
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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6
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Patel A, Patel S, Patel P, Tanavde V. Saliva Based Liquid Biopsies in Head and Neck Cancer: How Far Are We From the Clinic? Front Oncol 2022; 12:828434. [PMID: 35387114 PMCID: PMC8977527 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.828434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) remains to be a major cause of mortality worldwide because of confounding factors such as late-stage tumor diagnosis, loco-regional aggressiveness and distant metastasis. The current standardized diagnostic regime for HNC is tissue biopsy which fails to determine the thorough tumor dynamics. Therefore, due to the ease of collection, recent studies have focused on the utility of saliva based liquid biopsy approach for serial sampling, early diagnosis, prognosis, longitudinal monitoring of disease progression and treatment response in HNC patients. Saliva collection is convenient, non-invasive, and pain-free and offers repetitive sampling along with real time monitoring of the disease. Moreover, the detection, isolation and analysis of tumor-derived components such as Circulating Tumor Nucleic Acids (CTNAs), Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and metabolites from saliva can be used for genomic and proteomic examination of HNC patients. Although, these circulatory biomarkers have a wide range of applications in clinical settings, no validated data has yet been established for their usage in clinical practice for HNC. Improvements in isolation and detection technologies and next-generation sequencing analysis have resolved many technological hurdles, allowing a wide range of saliva based liquid biopsy application in clinical backgrounds. Thus, in this review, we discussed the rationality of saliva as plausible biofluid and clinical sample for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics of HNC. We have described the molecular components of saliva that could mirror the disease status, recent outcomes of salivaomics associated with HNC and current technologies which have the potential to improve the clinical value of saliva in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Patel
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Shanaya Patel
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Parina Patel
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Vivek Tanavde
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India.,Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
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7
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Yang G, Wei L, Thong BKS, Fu Y, Cheong IH, Kozlakidis Z, Li X, Wang H, Li X. A Systematic Review of Oral Biopsies, Sample Types, and Detection Techniques Applied in Relation to Oral Cancer Detection. BIOTECH 2022; 11:5. [PMID: 35822813 PMCID: PMC9245907 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Early identification of the stage of oral cancer development can lead to better treatment outcomes and avoid malignant transformation. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview that describes the development of standardized procedures for oral sample collection, characterization, and molecular risk assessment. This can help investigators to choose the appropriate sampling method and downstream analyses for different purposes. Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Using both PubMed and Web of Science databases, four independent authors conducted a literature search between 15 and 21 June 2021. We used key search terms to broaden the search for studies. Non-conforming articles were removed using an EndNote-based and manual approach. Reviewers used a designed form to extract data. Results: This review included a total of 3574 records, after eliminating duplicate articles and excluding papers that did not meet the inclusion criteria. Finally, 202 articles were included in this review. We summarized the sampling methods, biopsy samples, and downstream analysis. The biopsy techniques were classified into tissue and liquid biopsy. The common sequential analysis of tissue biopsy includes histopathological examination such as H&E or IHC to identify various pathogenic features. Meanwhile, liquid samples such as saliva, blood, and urine are analyzed for the purpose of screening to detect mutations in cancer. Commonly used technologies are PCR, RT-PCR, high-throughput sequencing, and metabolomic analysis. Conclusions: Currently, tissue biopsies provide increased diagnostic value compared to liquid biopsy. However, the minimal invasiveness and convenience of liquid biopsy make it a suitable method for mass screening and eventual clinical adoption. The analysis of samples includes histological and molecular analysis. Metabolite analysis is rising but remains scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Luqi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Benjamin K. S. Thong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Io Hong Cheong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Centre for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (G.Y.); (L.W.); (B.K.S.T.); (Y.F.); (I.H.C.); (X.L.)
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8
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Adeola HA, Bello IO, Aruleba RT, Francisco NM, Adekiya TA, Adefuye AO, Ikwegbue PC, Musaigwa F. The Practicality of the Use of Liquid Biopsy in Early Diagnosis and Treatment Monitoring of Oral Cancer in Resource-Limited Settings. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1139. [PMID: 35267452 PMCID: PMC8909754 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An important driving force for precision and individualized medicine is the provision of tailor-made care for patients on an individual basis, in accordance with best evidence practice. Liquid biopsy(LB) has emerged as a critical tool for the early diagnosis of cancer and for treatment monitoring, but its clinical utility for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) requires more research and validation. Hence, in this review, we have discussed the current applications of LB and the practicality of its routine use in Africa; the potential advantages of LB over the conventional "gold-standard" of tissue biopsy; and finally, practical considerations were discussed in three parts: pre-analytic, analytic processing, and the statistical quality and postprocessing phases. Although it is imperative to establish clinically validated and standardized working guidelines for various aspects of LB sample collection, processing, and analysis for optimal and reliable use, manpower and technological infrastructures may also be an important factor to consider for the routine clinical application of LB for OSCC. LB is poised as a non-invasive precision tool for personalized oral cancer medicine, particularly for OSCC in Africa, when fully embraced. The promising application of different LB approaches using various downstream analyses such as released circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell free DNA (cfDNA), microRNA (miRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), and salivary exosomes were discussed. A better understanding of the diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of OSCC, using LB applications, would significantly reduce the cost, provide an opportunity for prompt detection and early treatment, and a method to adequately monitor the effectiveness of the therapy for OSCC, which typically presents with ominous prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Ademola Adeola
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Ibrahim O. Bello
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Raphael Taiwo Aruleba
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;
| | - Ngiambudulu M. Francisco
- Grupo de Investigação Microbiana e Imunológica, Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (National Institute for Health Research), Luanda 3635, Angola;
| | - Tayo Alex Adekiya
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, 7 York Road, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
| | - Anthonio Oladele Adefuye
- Division of Health Sciences Education, Office of the Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
| | - Paul Chukwudi Ikwegbue
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (P.C.I.); (F.M.)
| | - Fungai Musaigwa
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (P.C.I.); (F.M.)
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Pérez-Ruiz E, Gutiérrez V, Muñoz M, Oliver J, Sánchez M, Gálvez-Carvajal L, Rueda-Domínguez A, Barragán I. Liquid Biopsy as a Tool for the Characterisation and Early Detection of the Field Cancerization Effect in Patients with Oral Cavity Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101478. [PMID: 34680596 PMCID: PMC8533108 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes approximately 25% of all head and neck cancer, for which the consumption of tobacco and alcohol are the main associated risk factors. The field cancerization effect of OSCC is one of the main reasons for the poor survival rates associated with this disease. Despite some advances, its ccharacterization and early diagnosis continue to challenge modern oncology, and the goal of improving the prognosis remains to be achieved. Among new early diagnostic tools for OSCC that have been proposed, liquid biopsy appears to be an ideal candidate, as studies have shown that the analysis of blood and saliva provides promising data for the early detection of relapses or second tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Pérez-Ruiz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Oncology Department, Institute of Biomedical Investigation of Malaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (V.G.); (M.M.); (L.G.-C.)
- Correspondence: (E.P.-R.); (A.R.-D.)
| | - Vanesa Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Oncology Department, Institute of Biomedical Investigation of Malaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (V.G.); (M.M.); (L.G.-C.)
| | - Marta Muñoz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Oncology Department, Institute of Biomedical Investigation of Malaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (V.G.); (M.M.); (L.G.-C.)
| | - Javier Oliver
- Researcher Unit, Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Institute of Biomedical Investigation of Malaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.O.); or (I.B.)
| | - Marta Sánchez
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Laura Gálvez-Carvajal
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Oncology Department, Institute of Biomedical Investigation of Malaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (V.G.); (M.M.); (L.G.-C.)
| | - Antonio Rueda-Domínguez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Oncology Department, Institute of Biomedical Investigation of Malaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (V.G.); (M.M.); (L.G.-C.)
- Correspondence: (E.P.-R.); (A.R.-D.)
| | - Isabel Barragán
- Researcher Unit, Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Institute of Biomedical Investigation of Malaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (J.O.); or (I.B.)
- Group of Pharmacoepigenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Liao C, An J, Tan Z, Xu F, Liu J, Wang Q. Changes in Protein Glycosylation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2021; 12:1455-1466. [PMID: 33531990 PMCID: PMC7847636 DOI: 10.7150/jca.51604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important posttranslational modification of proteins, and it has a profound influence on diverse life processes. An abnormal polysaccharide structure and mutation of the glycosylation pathway are closely correlated with human cancer progression. Glycoproteins such as EGFR, E-cadherin, CD44, PD-1/PD-L1, B7-H3 and Muc1 play important roles in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and their levels of glycosylation and changes in glycosyl structure are closely linked to HNSCC progression and malignant transformation. The regulation of protein glycosylation in HNSCC provides potential strategies to control cancer stem cell (CSC) subgroup expansion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor-related immunity escape and autophagy. Glycoproteins with altered glycosylation can be used as biomarkers for the early diagnosis, monitoring and prognostication of HNSCC. However, the glycobiology of cancer is still a new field that needs to be deeply studied, especially in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Liao
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Jiaxing An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhangxue Tan
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Fangping Xu
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China.,Microbial Resources and Drug Development Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, Life Sciences Institute, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
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11
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Pang S, Jia M, Gao J, Liu X, Guo W, Zhang H. Effects of dietary patterns combined with dietary phytochemicals on breast cancer metastasis. Life Sci 2021; 264:118720. [PMID: 33157089 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dietary phytochemicals and diet types (e.g., the Mediterranean diet) have been shown to have anti-cancer properties. However, the effects of combined treatment with dietary phytochemicals and different diet types on primary and metastatic tumor growth have yet to be investigated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of phytochemicals combined with diet types on breast cancer metastasis. MAIN METHODS The inhibitory effects on breast cancer metastasis of three phytochemicals (allicin, hesperidin, astragalus polysaccharides) and two diet types (Mediterranean diet, restricted diet), separately or in combination, were evaluated based on: (i) detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using an in vivo capture method; and (ii) primary tumor growth. KEY FINDINGS All dietary factors significantly inhibited the growth of primary tumors and metastases, with combinations showing enhancing the effects. SIGNIFICANCE Dietary phytochemicals and diet types should be further evaluated as adjunct therapies and lifestyle modifications in cancer patients. Furthermore, the in vivo CTC capture method allows dynamic monitoring of cancer metastasis over time, providing a useful approach to evaluating treatment effects in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxue Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Min Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Jianxin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Wenhui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China.
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12
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Yang WY, Feng LF, Meng X, Chen R, Xu WH, Hou J, Xu T, Zhang L. Liquid biopsy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, and exosomes. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:1213-1227. [PMID: 33232189 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1855977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Due to a lack of reliable markers, HNSCC patients are usually diagnosed at a late stage, which will lead to a worse outcome. Therefore, it is critical to improve the clinical management of cancer patients. Nowadays, the development of liquid biopsy enables a minimally invasive manner to extract molecular information from HNSCCs. Thus, this review aims to outline the clinical value of liquid biopsy in early detection, real-time monitoring, and prognostic evaluation of HNSCC. Areas covered: This comprehensive review focused on the characteristics as well as clinical applications of three liquid biopsy markers (CTCs, ctDNA, and exosomes) in HNSCC. What is more, it is promising to incorporate machine learning and 3D organoid models in the liquid biopsy of HNSCC. Expert opinion: Liquid biopsy provides a noninvasive technique to reflect the inter and intra-lesional heterogeneity through the detection of tumor cells or materials released from the primary and secondary tumors. Recently, some evolving technologies have the potential to combine with liquid biopsy to improve clinical management of HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Yang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. Of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province , Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lin-Fei Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. Of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province , Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ran Chen
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University , Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wen-Hua Xu
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. Of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province , Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University , Hefei, 230032, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University , Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. Of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province , Hefei, 230032, China.,Periodontal Department, Anhui Stomatology Hospital affiliated to Anhui Medical University , Hefei, 230032, China
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13
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Ahrens TD, Bang-Christensen SR, Jørgensen AM, Løppke C, Spliid CB, Sand NT, Clausen TM, Salanti A, Agerbæk MØ. The Role of Proteoglycans in Cancer Metastasis and Circulating Tumor Cell Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:749. [PMID: 32984308 PMCID: PMC7479181 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are accessible by liquid biopsies via an easy blood draw. They represent not only the primary tumor site, but also potential metastatic lesions, and could thus be an attractive supplement for cancer diagnostics. However, the analysis of rare CTCs in billions of normal blood cells is still technically challenging and novel specific CTC markers are needed. The formation of metastasis is a complex process supported by numerous molecular alterations, and thus novel CTC markers might be found by focusing on this process. One example of this is specific changes in the cancer cell glycocalyx, which is a network on the cell surface composed of carbohydrate structures. Proteoglycans are important glycocalyx components and consist of a protein core and covalently attached long glycosaminoglycan chains. A few CTC assays have already utilized proteoglycans for both enrichment and analysis of CTCs. Nonetheless, the biological function of proteoglycans on clinical CTCs has not been studied in detail so far. Therefore, the present review describes proteoglycan functions during the metastatic cascade to highlight their importance to CTCs. We also outline current approaches for CTC assays based on targeting proteoglycans by their protein cores or their glycosaminoglycan chains. Lastly, we briefly discuss important technical aspects, which should be considered for studying proteoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa D. Ahrens
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara R. Bang-Christensen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VarCT Diagnostics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Caroline Løppke
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte B. Spliid
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Nicolai T. Sand
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas M. Clausen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Ø. Agerbæk
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- VarCT Diagnostics, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Jariyal H, Gupta C, Bhat VS, Wagh JR, Srivastava A. Advancements in Cancer Stem Cell Isolation and Characterization. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:755-773. [PMID: 31863337 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of stem cells (CSCs) in cancer is well established in last two decades. These rare cells share several properties including presence of common surface markers, stem cell markers, chemo- and radio- resistance and are highly metastatic in nature; thus, considered as valuable prognostic and therapeutic targets in cancer. However, the studies related to CSCs pave number of issues due to rare cell population and difficulties in their isolation ascribed to common stem cell marker. Various techniques including flow cytometry, laser micro-dissection, fluorescent nanodiamonds and microfluidics are used for the isolation of these rare cells. In this review, we have included the advance strategies adopted for the isolation of CSCs using above mentioned techniques. Furthermore, CSCs are primarily found in the core of the solid tumors and their microenvironment plays an important role in maintenance, self-renewal, division and tumor development. Therefore, in vivo tracking and model development become obligatory for functional studies of CSCs. Fluorescence and bioluminescence tagging has been widely used for transplantation assay and lineage tracking experiments to improve our understanding towards CSCs behaviour in their niche. Techniques such as Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Positron emission tomography (PET) have proved useful for tracking of endogenous CSCs which could be helpful in their identification in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Jariyal
- Department of Biotechnology, National institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Chanchal Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, National institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vedika Sandeep Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, National institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Jayant Ramakant Wagh
- Department of Biotechnology, National institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Akshay Srivastava
- Department of Medical Device, National institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research -Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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15
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Kashyap T, Nath N, Mishra P, Jha A, Nagini S, Mishra R. Pluripotency transcription factor Nanog and its association with overall oral squamous cell carcinoma progression, cisplatin‐resistance, invasion and stemness acquisition. Head Neck 2020; 42:3282-3294. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.26373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Kashyap
- Department of Life Sciences School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand Ranchi Jharkhand India
| | - Nidhi Nath
- Department of Life Sciences School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand Ranchi Jharkhand India
| | - Prajna Mishra
- Centre for Applied Chemistry School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand Ranchi Jharkhand India
| | - Arpita Jha
- Department of Life Sciences School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand Ranchi Jharkhand India
| | - Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Annamalai University Annamalainagar Tamil Nadu India
| | - Rajakishore Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand Ranchi Jharkhand India
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16
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Hyaluronan-CD44 axis orchestrates cancer stem cell functions. Cell Signal 2019; 63:109377. [PMID: 31362044 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prominent role of CD44 in tumor cell signaling together with its establishment as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker for various tumor entities imply a key role for CD44 in CSC functional properties. Hyaluronan, the main ligand of CD44, is a major constituent of CSC niche and, therefore, the hyaluronan-CD44 signaling axis is of functional importance in this special microenvironment. This review aims to provide recent advances in the importance of hyaluronan-CD44 interactions in the acquisition and maintenance of a CSC phenotype. Hyaluronan-CD44 axis has a substantial impact on stemness properties of CSCs and drug resistance through induction of EMT program, oxidative stress resistance, secretion of extracellular vesicles/exosomes and epigenetic control. Potential therapeutic approaches targeting CSCs based on the hyaluronan-CD44 axis are also presented.
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17
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Balakrishnan A, Koppaka D, Anand A, Deb B, Grenci G, Viasnoff V, Thompson EW, Gowda H, Bhat R, Rangarajan A, Thiery JP, Govind Babu K, Kumar P. Circulating Tumor Cell cluster phenotype allows monitoring response to treatment and predicts survival. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7933. [PMID: 31138856 PMCID: PMC6538674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are putative markers of tumor prognosis and may serve to evaluate patient’s response to chemotherapy. CTCs are often detected as single cells but infrequently as clusters and are indicative of worse prognosis. In this study, we developed a short-term culture of nucleated blood cells which was applied to blood samples from breast, lung, esophageal and bladder cancer patients. Clusters of different degrees of compactness, classified as very tight, tight and loose were observed across various cancer types. These clusters show variable expression of cytokeratins. Cluster formation from blood samples obtained during the course of chemotherapy was found to be associated with disease progression and shorter overall survival. The short-term cultures offer a robust and highly reliable method for early prediction of treatment response in different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Balakrishnan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak Koppaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Abhishek Anand
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Barnali Deb
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Gianluca Grenci
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Virgile Viasnoff
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.,CNRS UMI3639, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Erik W Thompson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI) and Invasion and Metastasis Unit, Translational Research Institute (TRI), Queensland University of Technolgy, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
| | - Ramray Bhat
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, France. .,CNRS UMR 7057, Matter and Complex Systems, Université Paris Diderot, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet Paris, Paris, France.
| | - K Govind Babu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India. .,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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18
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Perumal V, Corica T, Dharmarajan AM, Sun Z, Dhaliwal SS, Dass CR, Dass J. Circulating Tumour Cells (CTC), Head and Neck Cancer and Radiotherapy; Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E367. [PMID: 30875950 PMCID: PMC6468366 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is the seventh most common cancer in Australia and globally. Despite the current improved treatment modalities, there is still up to 50⁻60% local regional recurrence and or distant metastasis. High-resolution medical imaging technologies such as PET/CT and MRI do not currently detect the early spread of tumour cells, thus limiting the potential for effective minimal residual detection and early diagnosis. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are a rare subset of cells that escape from the primary tumour and enter into the bloodstream to form metastatic deposits or even re-establish themselves in the primary site of the cancer. These cells are more aggressive and accumulate gene alterations by somatic mutations that are the same or even greater than the primary tumour because of additional features acquired in the circulation. The potential application of CTC in clinical use is to acquire a liquid biopsy, by taking a reliable minimally invasive venous blood sample, for cell genotyping during radiotherapy treatment to monitor the decline in CTC detectability, and mutational changes in response to radiation resistance and radiation sensitivity. Currently, very little has been published on radiation therapy, CTC, and circulating cancer stem cells (CCSCs). The prognostic value of CTC in cancer management and personalised medicine for head and neck cancer radiotherapy patients requires a deeper understanding at the cellular level, along with other advanced technologies. With this goal, this review summarises the current research of head and neck cancer CTC, CCSC and the molecular targets for personalised radiotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanathi Perumal
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
- Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Cancer Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Tammy Corica
- Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Cancer Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Arun M Dharmarajan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Zhonghua Sun
- Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Satvinder S Dhaliwal
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Crispin R Dass
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Joshua Dass
- Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Cancer Centre, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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Seyedmajidi S, Seyedmajidi M, Foroughi R, Zahedpasha A, Zolfaghari Saravi Z, Pourbagher R, Bijani A, Motallebnejad M, Monfared Shabestani A, Mostafazadeh A. Comparison of Salivary and Serum Soluble CD44 Levels between Patients with Oral SCC and Healthy Controls. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:3059-3063. [PMID: 30485941 PMCID: PMC6318390 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2018.19.11.3059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The most common type of oral cancer is oral squamous cell carcinoma. If it is diagnosed in the early stages; the success of the treatment can be increased. It seems that ELISA-based techniques as a screening tool for society are the most cost-effective methods for early diagnosis. CD44 is a key marker for the detection of SCC stem cells. The aim of this study was to compare the level of soluble CD44 in saliva and serum between patients with oral SCC and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: Saliva and serum were collected from 20 patients with primary OSCC and 20 healthy persons as control group. The samples were evaluated by an ELISA test kit. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22, chi-square, ANOVA, T-test and Spearman correlation test. Results: The mean of soluble CD44 level in serum and saliva of the patient and control groups are 531.51±228.95 and 453.3±113.74 (for serum) and 48.53±59.02 and 17.76±39.14 (for saliva) respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in serum and saliva solCD44 level between the patient and control groups (P value = 0.182 and P value = 0.061 respectively). Also, there was no significant correlation between the solCD44 level in each patient and control group in serum (P value = 0.61) and in saliva (P value = 0.445). Conclusions: Determination of solCD44 level in saliva and serum can be a useful method for diagnosis the person’s involvement with cancer cells and the cancer in the early stages. But according to the controversial outcomes of past studies, larger and more accurate studies are needed in groups with more cases of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedali Seyedmajidi
- Dental Materials Rresearch Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of medical sciences, Babol, Iran.
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20
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Kashyap T, Pramanik KK, Nath N, Mishra P, Singh AK, Nagini S, Rana A, Mishra R. Crosstalk between Raf-MEK-ERK and PI3K-Akt-GSK3β signaling networks promotes chemoresistance, invasion/migration and stemness via expression of CD44 variants (v4 and v6) in oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2018; 86:234-243. [PMID: 30409306 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cell-surface glycoprotein CD44 is an important oral cancer stem cell (OCSC) marker and plays significant role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) aggressiveness, however, the regulation of CD44 is incompletely understood. METHODS In the present study, 145 fresh human OSCC tissue specimens, including 18 adjacent normal, 42 noninvasive (N0), 53 invasive tumor samples (N1-3) and 32 chemo-radiation resistant samples (RCRT), were included. The expression of CD44 standard (CD44s) and variants (CD44v4, CD44v6); the activation of pERK1/2, GSK3β, NICD (Notch) pathways; the cell viability; and the MMP-9/-2 activity were assessed using RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, MTT assay and gelatin zymography. OSCC cell lines, including parental (SCC9/SCC4) and Cisplatin-resistant (CisR-SCC9/-SCC4) cells, were used. Knock down of CD44v4/CD44v6 (by siRNA) or inactivation of MAPK/PI3K pathways using specific PD98059/LY294002 was achieved for in vitro analysis of chemoresistance and invasion/migration. RESULTS Elevated CD44 variants were associated with overall OSCC progression, chemoresistance and invasion. Positive correlations were observed, mainly between the expression of CD44v4 and the activation of ERK1/2 causing chemoresistance, whereas CD44v6 expression and inactivation of GSK3β caused invasiveness of OSCC. Cisplatin resistant, CisR-SCC9/SCC4 cell lines showed OCSC properties. Inhibition of MEK/ERK1/2 by SMI or knock down (KD) of CD44v4 by siRNA reversed cisplatin-resistance, whereas blocking the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway by SMI or KD of CD44v6 isoforms by respective siRNA diminished invasion/metastasis potential. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results demonstrated that CD44v4 expression is more linked with ERK1/2 activation and promote cisplatin resistance, whereas CD44v6 expression is associated primarily with PI3K/Akt/GSK3β activation and driving tumor invasion/migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Kashyap
- Centre for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi 835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Kamdeo K Pramanik
- Centre for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi 835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Nidhi Nath
- Centre for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi 835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Prajna Mishra
- Centre for Applied Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi 835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Abhay K Singh
- Centre for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi 835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Rana
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago 840 S. Wood Street, Suite 601 Clinical Sciences Building, MC 958, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Rajakishore Mishra
- Centre for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi 835205, Jharkhand, India.
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Lousada-Fernandez F, Rapado-Gonzalez O, Lopez-Cedrun JL, Lopez-Lopez R, Muinelo-Romay L, Suarez-Cunqueiro MM. Liquid Biopsy in Oral Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061704. [PMID: 29890622 PMCID: PMC6032225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer worldwide. Carcinogenesis is a complex process, in which heterogeneity plays an important role in the development and progression of the disease. This review provides an overview of the current biological and clinical significance of circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), and exosomes for diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer. We highlight the importance of liquid biopsy—using blood and saliva—which represents a potential alternative to solid biopsy for diagnosis and prognosis. Moreover, liquid biomarkers allow for the real-time monitoring of tumour evolution and therapeutic responses, initiating the era of personalized medicine. However, in oral cancer, the impact of liquid biopsies in clinical settings is still limited, requiring further studies to discover the best scenario for its clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Lousada-Fernandez
- Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain.
| | - Oscar Rapado-Gonzalez
- Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain.
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), CIBERONC, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Jose-Luis Lopez-Cedrun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (SERGAS), 15006 La Coruña, Spain.
| | - Rafael Lopez-Lopez
- Translational Medical Oncology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), ONCOMET, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), CIBERONC, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Maria Mercedes Suarez-Cunqueiro
- Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain.
- Oral Sciences, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Shah K, Patel S, Modi B, Shah F, Rawal R. Uncovering the potential of CD44v/SYNE1/miR34a axis in salivary fluids of oral cancer patients. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:345-352. [PMID: 29315816 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Late-stage diagnosis is one of the major confounders for poor prognosis of patients with oral cancer owing to lack of a biomarker to diagnose this disease at an early stage. Moreover, till date, invasive biopsies are the only option to assess disease occurrence and progression in this malignancy. Thus, this study aims to identify and assess potential salivary markers in OSCC patients in order to open newer avenues in the field of non-invasive biopsies. METHODOLOGY Bioinformatic-based analysis was performed to identify potential biomarkers that could be assessed in OSCC patients. The expression patterns of CD44v and its genetic and epigenetic modulators were assessed in saliva of OSCC patients, leukoplakia, and controls using real-time and methylation-specific PCR. Statistical analysis was conducted to understand the significance of these markers in terms of their clinical relevance. RESULTS CD44v/SYNE1/miR34a axis was identified using bioinformatic analysis, and the expression profile of these markers was assessed in saliva of OSCC patients. CD44v6 and CD44v10 demonstrated a significantly increased expression, whereas SYNE1 and miR34a depicted a significantly decreased expression in OSCC patients. Statistical analysis suggested a probable role of CD44v6, SYNE1, and miR34a in early stages of the malignancy, whereas a strong association was observed between CD44v6, CD44v10, and miR34a expression with locoregional aggressiveness and histopathological conditions. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings suggested a plausible role of CD44v/SYNE1/miR34a axis as non-invasive salivary biomarkers to diagnose this disease at an early stage and predict the early onset of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavan Shah
- Stem Cell Biology Lab, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Gujarat, India
| | - Shanaya Patel
- Stem Cell Biology Lab, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Gujarat, India
| | - Bansri Modi
- Stem Cell Biology Lab, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Gujarat, India
| | - Franky Shah
- Stem Cell Biology Lab, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh Rawal
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Gujarat, India
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Peng Y, Prater AR, Deutscher SL. Targeting aggressive prostate cancer-associated CD44v6 using phage display selected peptides. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86747-86768. [PMID: 29156833 PMCID: PMC5689723 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a crucial need to identify new biomarkers associated with aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) including those associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs). CD44v6, generated by alternative splicing of CD44, has been proposed as a CSC biomarker due to its correlation with aggressive PCa disease. We hypothesized that phage display selected peptides that target CD44v6 may serve as theranostic agents for aggressive PCa. Here, a 15 amino acid peptide ("PFT") was identified by affinity selection against a peptide derived from the v6 region of CD44v6. Synthesized PFT exhibited specific binding to CD44v6 with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 743.4 nM. PFT also bound CD44v6 highly expressed on human PCa cell lines. Further, an aggressive form of PCa cells (v6A3) was isolated and tagged by a novel CSC reporter vector. The v6A3 cells had a CSC-like phenotype including enriched CD44v6 expression, enhanced clonogenicity, resistance to chemotherapeutics, and generation of heterogeneous offspring. PFT exhibited preferential binding to v6A3 cells compared to parental cells. Immunohistofluorescence studies with human PCa tissue microarrays (TMA) indicated that PFT was highly accurate in detecting CD44v6-positive aggressive PCa cells, and staining positivity was significantly higher in late stage, metastatic and higher-grade samples. Taken together, this study provides for the first time phage display selected peptides that target CD44v6 overexpressed on PCa cells. Peptide PFT may be explored as an aid in the diagnosis and therapy of advanced PCa disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Austin R Prater
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Susan L Deutscher
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
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