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Janopaul-Naylor J, Liu Y, Cao Y, Schlafstein AJ, Steuer C, Patel MR, Bates JE, McDonald MW, Stokes WA. Institution-level Patterns of Care for Early-stage Oropharynx Cancers in the United States. Am J Clin Oncol 2024:00000421-990000000-00202. [PMID: 38898571 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The adoption of transoral robotic surgery and shifting epidemiology in oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer have stimulated debate over upfront and adjuvant treatment. Institutional variation in practice patterns can be obscured in patient-level analyses. We aimed to characterize institutional patterns of care as well as identify potential associations between patterns of care and survival. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of patients identified from 2004-2015 in the National Cancer Database. We analyzed 42,803 cases of oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer Stage cT1-2N0-2bM0 (AJCC 7th edition) treated with curative intent surgery and/or radiotherapy. We defined facility-4-year periods to account for changing institutional practice patterns. The 42,803 patients were treated within 2578 facility-4-year periods. We assessed institutional practice patterns, including the ratio of upfront surgery to definitive radiotherapy, case volumes, use of adjuvant therapies (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy), and margin positivity rates. Survival associations with institutional practice patterns were estimated with Cox regression. RESULTS The ratio of upfront surgery to definitive radiotherapy ranged from 80-to-1 to 1-to-23. The institution-level median rate of adjuvant radiotherapy was 69% (IQR 50%-100%), adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was 44% (IQR 0%-67%), and margin-positive resection was 33% (IQR 0%-50%). On patient-level MVA, worse overall survival was not significantly associated with institutional case volume, adjuvant radiotherapy, or adjuvant chemoradiotherapy utilization. CONCLUSIONS High rates of multimodal therapy and positive margins underscore the importance of multidisciplinary care and highlight variable patterns of care across institutions. Further work is warranted to explore indicators of high-quality care and to optimize adjuvant therapy in the HPV era.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Janopaul-Naylor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University School of Medicine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University
| | - Yichun Cao
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University
| | - Ashley J Schlafstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Conor Steuer
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Mihir R Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - James E Bates
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Mark W McDonald
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University School of Medicine
| | - William A Stokes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University School of Medicine
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Contrera KJ, Patel MR, Burtness B, Mehra R, Ferris RL. The role of surgery and deescalation for HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer. Cancer 2024. [PMID: 38497569 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Recently published and ongoing trials are helping to define the role of transoral robotic surgery for oropharyngeal cancer. Evidence to date supports the use of surgery as a valuable tool in the multidisciplinary deescalation of low-risk human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mihir R Patel
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Barbara Burtness
- Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ranee Mehra
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Nyirjesy SC, McCrary HC, Zhao S, Judd RT, Farlow JL, Seim NB, Ozer E, Agrawal A, Old MO, Rocco JW, Kang SY, Haring CT. National Trends in 30-Day Readmission Following Transoral Robotic Surgery for Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 150:133-141. [PMID: 38153724 PMCID: PMC10853828 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2023.4025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Importance As the incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) continues to rise in the US, an increasing number of patients are being treated with transoral robotic surgery (TORS). Readmission following surgery can potentially delay initiation of adjuvant treatment and affect survival outcomes. Objective To identify risk factors for 30-day postoperative readmission in patients undergoing TORS for OPSCC. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective, population-based cohort study used data from the Nationwide Readmissions Database from 2010 to 2017. All patients undergoing TORS for OPSCC were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes and included. Exclusion criteria were age younger than 18 years or incomplete information regarding index admission or readmission. The analysis was performed from April to October 2023. Exposure TORS for OPSCC. Main Outcomes and Measures Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine factors associated with 30-day readmission. Covariates included demographics and medical comorbidities, socioeconomic factors, hospital characteristics, and surgical details. Trends in readmission over time, reasons for readmission, and characteristics of the readmission were also examined. Results A weighted total of 5544 patients (mean [SD] age, 60.7 [0.25] years; 4475 [80.7%] male) underwent TORS for OPSCC. The overall readmission rate was 17.5% (n = 971), and these rates decreased over the study period (50 of 211 patients [23.7%] in 2010 vs 58 of 633 patients [9.1%] in 2017). Risk factors associated with readmission included male sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.54; 95% CI, 1.07-2.20) and a diagnosis of congestive heart failure (AOR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.28-4.58). Factors associated with decreased rate of readmission included undergoing concurrent selective neck dissection (AOR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.22-0.41). Among the 971 readmissions, the most common readmission diagnoses were bleeding (151 [15.6%]), electrolyte and digestive problems (44 [4.5%]), pneumonia (44 [4.5%]), and sepsis (26 [2.7%]). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, readmission rates following TORS for oropharynx cancer decreased over time; however, a subset of patients required readmission most commonly related to bleeding, infection, and electrolyte imbalance. Concurrent neck dissection may be protective against readmission. Elucidation of risk factors for readmission after TORS for OPSCC offers opportunities for evidence-based shared decision-making, quality improvement initiatives, and improved patient counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Nyirjesy
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
| | - Hilary C. McCrary
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
| | - Songzhu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
| | - Ryan T. Judd
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
| | - Janice L. Farlow
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
| | - Nolan B. Seim
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
| | - Enver Ozer
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
| | - Matthew O. Old
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
| | - James W. Rocco
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
| | - Stephen Y. Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
| | - Catherine T. Haring
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
- The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
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Hughes RT, Levine BJ, May N, Shenker RF, Yang JH, Lanier CM, Frizzell BA, Greven KM, Waltonen JD. Survival and Swallowing Function after Primary Radiotherapy versus Transoral Robotic Surgery for Human Papillomavirus-Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2023; 85:284-293. [PMID: 37647863 PMCID: PMC10631491 DOI: 10.1159/000531995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of primary transoral robotic surgery (TORS) versus radiotherapy (RT) on progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and 1-year swallowing function for patients with early-stage HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). METHODS Patients with stage I-II (AJCC 8th Ed.) HPV-associated OPSCC treated with TORS followed by risk-adapted adjuvant therapy or (chemo)radiotherapy between 2014 and 2019 were identified. PFS, OS, and swallowing outcomes including gastrostomy tube (GT) use/dependence, and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) change over 1 year were compared. RESULTS One hundred sixty-seven patients were analyzed: 116 treated with TORS with or without adjuvant RT and 51 treated with RT (50 chemoRT). The RT group had more advanced tumor/nodal stage, higher comorbidity, and higher rates of concurrent chemotherapy. There were no differences in 3-year PFS (88% TORS vs. 75% RT) or OS (90% vs. 81%) between groups, which persisted after adjusting for stage, age, and comorbidity. GT use/dependence rates were higher in the RT group. Mean (SD) FOIS scores in the TORS group were 6.9 (0.4) at baseline and 6.4 (1.0) at 1 year, compared with 6.7 (0.6) and 5.6 (1.7) for the RT group. Only clinical nodal stage was found to be significantly associated with FOIS change from baseline to 1 year. CONCLUSION There were no differences in PFS or OS between patients treated with primary TORS or RT for early-stage HPV-associated OPSCC. Clinical N2 status is associated with FOIS change at 1 year and may be the major factor affecting long-term swallowing function, irrespective of primary treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T. Hughes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University
School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Beverly J. Levine
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake
Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Nelson May
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest University School
of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Rachel F. Shenker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of
Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jae H. Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest University School
of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Claire M. Lanier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University
School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Bart A. Frizzell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University
School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Greven
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University
School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Joshua D. Waltonen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wake Forest University School
of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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Richmon JD, Chan AW, Sadow PM, Wirth LJ, Goldsmith T, Juliano AF, Wallner P, Quon H. Does Current Training in Radiation Oncology Prepare Radiation Oncologists to Optimally Manage Patients With Head and Neck Cancer? Am J Clin Oncol 2023; 46:281-283. [PMID: 37271861 PMCID: PMC10330423 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000001019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D. Richmon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Annie W. Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter M. Sadow
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lori J. Wirth
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tessa Goldsmith
- Department of Speech, Language and Swallowing Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Amy F. Juliano
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Harry Quon
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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Patel SH, Ma DJ, Van Abel KM. In Reply to Yigit et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 116:467-468. [PMID: 37179098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir H Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Daniel J Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Janopaul-Naylor JR, Rupji M, Tobillo RA, Lorenz JW, Switchenko JM, Tian S, Kaka AS, Qian DC, Schlafstein AJ, Steuer CE, Remick JS, Rudra S, McDonald MW, Saba NF, Stokes WA, Patel MR, Bates JE. Ninety-day mortality following transoral robotic surgery or radiation at Commission on Cancer-accredited facilities. Head Neck 2023; 45:658-663. [PMID: 36549012 PMCID: PMC9898134 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative mortality for oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) with transoral robotic surgery (TORS) varies from 0.2% to 6.5% on trials; the real-world rate is unknown. METHODS NCDB study from 2010 to 2017 for patients with cT1-2N0-2M0 OPSCC with Charleson-Deyo score 0-1. Ninety-day mortality assessed from start and end of treatment at Commission on Cancer-accredited facilities. RESULTS 3639 patients were treated with TORS and 1937 with radiotherapy. TORS cohort had more women and higher income, was younger, more often treated at academic centers, and more likely to have private insurance (all p < 0.05). Ninety-day mortality was 1.3% with TORS and 0.7% or 1.4% from start or end of radiotherapy, respectively. From end of therapy, there was no significant difference on MVA between treatment modality. CONCLUSIONS There is minimal difference between 90-day mortality in patients treated with TORS or radiotherapy for early-stage OPSCC. While overall rates are low, for patients with expectation of cure, work is needed to identify optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Janopaul-Naylor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Manali Rupji
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rachel A. Tobillo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joshua W. Lorenz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Switchenko
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sibo Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Azeem S. Kaka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David C. Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ashley J. Schlafstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Conor E. Steuer
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jill S. Remick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Soumon Rudra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mark W. McDonald
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nabil F. Saba
- Department of Otolaryngology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - William A. Stokes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mihir R. Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James E. Bates
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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30-day morbidity and mortality after transoral robotic surgery for human papillomavirus (HPV) associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective analysis of two prospective adjuvant de-escalation trials (MC1273 & MC1675). Oral Oncol 2023; 137:106248. [PMID: 36603364 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dose de-escalation of adjuvant therapy (DART) in patients with HPV(+)OPSCC was investigated in two prospective Phase II and III clinical trials (MC1273 and MC1675). We report the 30-day morbidity and mortality associated with primary TORS resection in patients enrolled in these trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with HPV(+)OPSCC, who underwent TORS resection between 2013 and 2020 were considered in this analysis. The severity of postoperative transoral bleeding was graded using both the Hinni Grade (HG) transoral surgery bleeding scale and the Common Terminology for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0. Post-surgical complications within 30 days of surgery, as well as rates of tracheostomy, PEG and nasogastric tube placement. RESULTS 219 patients were included. A total of 7 (3.2 %) patients had a tracheostomy placed at the time of surgery, and all were decannulated within 26 days (median: 5, range: 2-26). There were 33 (15.1 %) returns to the emergency department (ED) with 10 (4.6 %) patients requiring readmission. Using the HG scale, 10 (4.6 %) patients experienced ≥ Grade 3 bleeding with no Grade 5 or 6 bleeds. In contrast, using the CTCAE scale, 15 patients (6.8 %) experienced ≥ Grade 3 bleeding with no Grade 5 bleeds. There was one post-operative death in a patient withdrawn from the trial, and no deaths related to hemorrhage. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE TORS for HPV(+)OPSCC in carefully selected patients at a high volume center was associated with low morbidity and mortality.
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Li H, Zhang X, Chen W, Zhang Q, Li Q, Chen S, Yang Z, Su X, Yan S, Yang A, Song M. Analysis of T1-T2 stage oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with transoral robotic surgery. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2023; 8:103-112. [PMID: 36846425 PMCID: PMC9948596 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has become an effective treatment for early-stage oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs). We aimed to analyze the clinical safety and efficacy of TORS for human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative OPSCC in China. Methods Patients with OPSCC of pT1-T2 stage who underwent TORS from March 2017 to December 2021 were analyzed. Results A total of 83 patients (HPV-positive, n = 25; HPV-negative, n = 58) were included. The median age of the patients was 57.0 years and 71 were men. The majority of primary tumor sites were palatine tonsils (52, 62.7%) and base of tongues (20, 24.1%). Three patients have a positive margin. A total of 12 (14.5%) patients received tracheotomies, the average duration of tracheostomy tube use was 9.4 days, and nasogastric tube was 14.5 days. No patient had a long-term tracheotomy. The 3-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) for all 83 patients were 89.5%, 80.1%, and 83.3%, respectively. The OS at 3 years between the HPV-positive group and HPV-negative group were 100% versus 84.3% (P = .07), while the DFS and RFS between two groups also showed no significant difference. Among multivariate cox regression analysis of all potential risk factors, smoking was the significant risk factors for disease recurrence (P < .05). Conclusion Transoral robotic surgery achieved encouraging oncologic outcomes and safety in T1-T2 stage OPSCC treatment, regardless of HPV status. Level of Evidence 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Xing Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Wenkuan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Quan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Qiuli Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Shuwei Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhongyuan Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Xuan Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Shida Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Ankui Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Ming Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Department of Head and Neck SurgerySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
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10
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Treating Head and Neck Cancer in the Age of Immunotherapy: A 2023 Update. Drugs 2023; 83:217-248. [PMID: 36645621 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01835-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Most patients diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) will present with locally advanced disease, requiring multimodality therapy. While this approach has a curative intent, a significant subset of these patients will develop locoregional failure and/or distant metastases. The prognosis of these patients is poor, and therapeutic options other than palliative chemotherapy are urgently needed. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression is an important factor in the pathogenesis of HNSCC, and a decade ago, the EGFR targeting monoclonal antibody cetuximab was approved for the treatment of late-stage HNSCC in different settings. In 2016, the anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab were both approved for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy, and in 2019, pembrolizumab was approved for first-line treatment (either as monotherapy in PD-L1 expressing tumors, or in combination with chemotherapy). Currently, trials are ongoing to include immune checkpoint inhibition in the (neo)adjuvant treatment of HNSCC as well as in novel combinations with other drugs in the recurrent/metastatic setting to improve response rates and survival and help overcome resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint blockade. This article provides a comprehensive review of the management of head and neck cancers in the current era of immunotherapy.
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11
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Verma A, Burtness B. Top advances of the year: Head and neck cancer. Cancer 2023; 129:1308-1312. [PMID: 36692372 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Advances in treatment deintensification for human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer include use of transoral surgery to permit reduction in pathologic risk-based postoperative therapy after transoral resection. The E3311 cooperative group trial demonstrated 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) of 95% for intermediate risk patients treated with 50 Gy radiation alone, with no decrement for those with a smoking history. Favorable risk patients could be observed, with a 3-year PFS of 93%. Reduction in radiation dose is also feasible for favorable risk patients (low or no smoking history and low stage) treated with chemoradiation on the NRG HN002 trial, where 2-year PFS was 90.7%. For those favorable risk patients treated with radiation alone, 2-year PFS was 87.7% and this arm did not meet criteria for further testing. Important phase 3 trials of immunotherapy in first-line treatment of recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck cancer were also reported in 2022. For patients with nonnasopharyngeal sites of disease, the combination of the programmed death-1-directed antibody nivolumab plus the anti-CTLA-4 agent ipilimumab was not superior to chemotherapy plus cetuximab in the Checkmate 651 trial. However, in an important breakthrough for patients with nasopharyngeal cancer, the JUPITER-02 trial, conducted in China, Singapore, and Taiwan among patients with predominantly Epstein-Barr virus-related cancers, demonstrated a significant improvement in PFS (hazard ratio, 0.52) when toripalimab was added to gemcitabine/cisplatin chemotherapy. Immature survival data indicate overall survival will likely also be impacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanti Verma
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Barbara Burtness
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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12
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A Prospective Study of Mucosal Sparing Radiation Therapy in Resected Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 115:192-201. [PMID: 36309077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our objective was to report the prospective results of mucosal sparing radiation therapy in human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS From March 2016 through May 2019, patients were enrolled in this institutional review board-approved prospective cohort study at a multisite institution. Inclusion criteria included p16+ American Joint Committee on Cancer seventh edition pathologic T1 or T2, N1 to N3, and M0 oropharyngeal cancers. Proton therapy (PT) was delivered to at-risk nodal regions, excluding the primary mucosal site. Secondary to insurance denial for PT, intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) was allowed. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck Module and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System surveys (quality of life [QOL]) and modified barium swallowing impairment profiles (MBSImP) were obtained at baseline before radiation therapy, then 3 and 12 months after radiation therapy. Kaplan-Meier estimates were calculated for time-to-event clinical outcomes, and repeated measures mixed models were used to explore changes in QOL over time. A comparison of QOL and swallowing outcomes with standard-of-care treatment was analyzed. RESULTS There were 61 evaluable patients with a median follow-up of 38 months (range, 10-64); 44 (72%) were treated with PT and 17 (28%) were treated with IMRT. The 2-year local control, locoregional control, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival were 98%, 97%, 98%, and 100%, respectively. There were 6 grade ≥3 events related to treatment. Two IMRT patients required percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement during treatment secondary to significant nausea due to dysgeusia. Patients noted significant QOL improvement over time in the pain, swallowing, speech, social eating, social contact, mouth opening, and use of pain medication domains (all P < .02). The MBSImP overall severity score as well as oral and pharyngeal impairment scores showed stability with no significant change over time. For the 44 patients treated with PT, the mean D95 to the primary target was 10.7 Gy (standard deviation = 12.5 Gy). CONCLUSIONS Mucosal sparing radiation is well tolerated in select resected human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with a low risk of recurrence at the mucosal primary site, a low rate of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement, and few radiation-related grade ≥3 adverse events.
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13
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Lee J, Kim K, Kim KH, Keum KC, Kim HR, Hong MH, Choi EC, Kim SH, Koh YW, Lee CG. Treatment outcomes and radiotherapy deintensification strategies in human papillomavirus-associated tonsil cancer. Radiat Oncol 2022; 17:209. [PMID: 36539912 PMCID: PMC9764715 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-022-02177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive tonsil cancer has a better prognosis than HPV-negative tonsil cancer. Deintensification strategies to reduce or avoid radiotherapy (RT) for patients with HPV-associated tonsil cancer have been suggested. This study investigated the treatment outcomes of patients with HPV-associated tonsil cancer and suggested RT deintensification strategies. METHODS A cohort of 374 patients with HPV-associated tonsil cancer treated with primary surgery or RT between 2008 and 2020 was retrospectively evaluated. Survival and locoregional control rates after primary surgery or RT were analyzed, and propensity score matching was performed to adjust for clinical factors. Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact test was used to compare categorical variables, and Student's t-test was used to compare continuous variables. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to assess overall survival, progression-free survival, and locoregional failure (LRF). RESULTS No significant differences in survival or LRF were observed between the primary surgery and RT groups. Subgroup analysis was conducted for patients who underwent primary surgery. Advanced pathological N stage, negative contralateral nodes at diagnosis, abutting or positive surgical margins, and no adjuvant RT were independent risk factors for LRF. Advanced pathological T stage was an independent risk factor for LRF in patients who underwent primary surgery without subsequent adjuvant RT. None of the patients with pathological complete remission (CR) after induction chemotherapy died or experienced LRF. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that the outcomes of primary surgery and primary RT in HPV-positive tonsil cancer were similar after adjusting for clinical factors. Primary RT might be considered instead of surgery in patients with advanced pathological T stage. In the case of pathological CR after induction chemotherapy, deintensification for adjuvant RT should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joongyo Lee
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Kangpyo Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Chang Keum
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hee Hong
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Chang Choi
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Heon Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Woo Koh
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Geol Lee
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
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14
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Lin C, Sharbel DD, Topf MC. Surgical clinical trials for HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:992348. [PMID: 36439459 PMCID: PMC9682030 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.992348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) continues to evolve as multiple ongoing and recently completed clinical trials investigate the role of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Current trials are investigating transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in treatment de-escalation protocols in an effort to optimize quality of life, while maintaining historical survival rates. The advantage of TORS is its minimally invasive approach to primary resection of the tumor as well as valuable pathologic staging. The ORATOR trial reported poorer quality of life in patients treated with TORS compared to primary radiotherapy though this was not a clinically meaningful difference. The recently published ECOG 3311 trial showed that surgery can be used to safely de-escalate the adjuvant radiation dose to 50 Gy in intermediate-risk patients. In this review, we summarize and discuss the past and current clinical trials involving surgery in the treatment of HPV-positive OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Daniel D. Sharbel
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Michael C. Topf
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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15
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McDowell L, Chua MLK, Beadle BM, Ma DJ, Mierzwa M, Thomson DJ, Margalit DN. A Bit More Here and a Little Less There: The Trials (and Tribulations) of Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Head and Neck Studies in 2021. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 113:243-251. [PMID: 35569469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewit Teckie
- NYC Health and Hospitals, New York, New York.,SUNY Downstate Medical School, New York, New York
| | - Neil D Gross
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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17
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Takahashi M, Hwang M, Misiukiewicz K, Gupta V, Miles BA, Bakst R, Genden E, Selkridge I, Botzler J, Virani V, Moshier E, Bonomi MR, Posner MR. Quality of Life Analysis of HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients in a Randomized Trial of Reduced-Dose Versus Standard Chemoradiotherapy: 5-Year Follow-Up. Front Oncol 2022; 12:859992. [PMID: 35463348 PMCID: PMC9024140 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.859992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma (HPVOPC) portends a more favorable prognosis compared to environmentally related oropharynx cancer (EROPC). Patients with HPVOPC may be overtreated and endure unnecessary long-term toxicities. Methods Patients with untreated locally advanced HPVOPC received induction chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) and were randomized to standard chemoradiotherapy (sdCRT) (70 Gy) or reduced-dose chemoradiotherapy (rdCRT) (56 Gy) with weekly carboplatin. Patients were followed for changes in five validated quality of life (QoL) surveys: MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory and Symptom Inventory for head and neck cancer (MDADI, MDASI-HN), Xerostomia Questionnaire (XQ), and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Questionnaire (EORTC) with head and neck module (EORTC HN). The secondary endpoints of this study were 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results Twenty patients were enrolled and randomized to rdCRT (n = 12) or sdCRT (n = 8). Median follow-up was 88 months. At 5 years, difference in QoL changes all favored the rdCRT arm and two QoL scales reached statistical significance (EORTC global health score: 11.49 vs. -23.94, P = 0.014; EORTC symptom scale: -7.76 vs. 15.19, P = 0.015). The 5-year PFS and OS were 87.5% and 83.3% for sdCRT and rdCRT, respectively. Conclusions Therefore, rdCRT after TPF in HPVOPC is feasible in accordance with the earlier results of the Quarterback Trial and long-term follow-up. These limited results are more favorable in specific QoL domains compared to those of sdCRT and demonstrate equivalent long-term survival. Clinical Trial Registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01706939, The Quarterback Trial [NCT 01706939].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Takahashi
- The Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael Hwang
- The Departments of Hematology/Oncology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Krysztof Misiukiewicz
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,The Departments of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vishal Gupta
- Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brett A Miles
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Richard Bakst
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eric Genden
- Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Isaiah Selkridge
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - John Botzler
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vruti Virani
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erin Moshier
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Biostatistics in the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marcelo R Bonomi
- The Departments of Hematology/Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Marshall R Posner
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,The Departments of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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18
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Saito Y, Homma A, Kiyota N, Tahara M, Hanai N, Asakage T, Matsuura K, Ota I, Yokota T, Sano D, Kodaira T, Motegi A, Yasuda K, Takahashi S, Tanaka K, Onoe T, Okano S, Imamura Y, Ariizumi Y, Hayashi R. Human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2022; 52:700-706. [PMID: 35383359 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It was not until around 2000 that human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinoma was recognized as carcinoma with clinical presentations different from nonrelated head and neck carcinoma. Twenty years after and with the revision of the tumor-node-metastasis classification in 2017, various clinical trials focused on human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinoma to improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients with this disease. However, the incidence of human papillomavirus-related cancers is increasing, which is expected to be particularly prominent in Japan, where human papillomavirus vaccination is not widely available. In this review, we describe the current status of clinical trials (mainly focused on initial surgery and radiation dose reduction) for, primary and secondary prevention of, and the present status of human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinoma in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Saito
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naomi Kiyota
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Center, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Makoto Tahara
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hanai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Asakage
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuto Matsuura
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Ichiro Ota
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yokota
- Divisions of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kodaira
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Motegi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Koichi Yasuda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Shunji Takahashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuma Onoe
- Division of Medical Oncology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Susumu Okano
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Imamura
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Center, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ariizumi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Hayashi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
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19
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Ferris RL, Burtness B, Flamand Y. Reply to A.S. Garden. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:1133-1134. [PMID: 35171688 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Ferris
- Robert L. Ferris, MD, PhD, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Barbara Burtness, MD, Yale University, New Haven, CT; and Yael Flamand, PhD, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Barbara Burtness
- Robert L. Ferris, MD, PhD, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Barbara Burtness, MD, Yale University, New Haven, CT; and Yael Flamand, PhD, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Yael Flamand
- Robert L. Ferris, MD, PhD, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Barbara Burtness, MD, Yale University, New Haven, CT; and Yael Flamand, PhD, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
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20
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[Highlights from the 2021 ASCO and ESMO annual meetings on radiotherapy of head and neck cancer]. HNO 2022; 70:258-264. [PMID: 35294576 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-022-01150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
At this year's annual meetings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), several studies on radiotherapy of locally advanced head and neck cancer were presented. For the indication of definitive radiochemotherapy, particularly the administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors concomitant to radiotherapy was investigated. In the phase III GORTEC-REACH trial, combined inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and programmed death-ligand (PD-L1) concomitant to radiotherapy of locally advanced head and neck cancer was inferior to platinum-based chemoradiotherapy. However, this therapeutic approach may be more efficient than radiotherapy with simultaneous EGFR inhibition alone. The concept of the phase II CheckRad-CD8 trial with induction chemoimmunotherapy followed by chemotherapy-free radioimmunotherapy after appropriate patient selection also proved to be highly efficient. In initial phase II trials, dose de-escalation of radiotherapy seems feasible for HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer after appropriate patient selection both postoperatively (ECOG-ACRIN E3311 trial) and after induction therapy (Optima II trial). However, dose de-escalation should currently not be performed outside of clinical trials. In addition, first studies indicate a benefit of functional imaging (diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] or F‑fluoromisonidazole positron-emission tomography [FMISO-PET]) to establish personalized dose concepts in radiotherapy.
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21
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Brody RM, Shimunov D, Cohen RB, Lin A, Lukens JN, Hartner L, Aggarwal C, Duvvuri U, Montone KT, Jalaly JB, LiVolsi VA, Carey RM, Shanti RM, Rajasekaran K, Chalian AA, Rassekh CH, Cannady SB, Newman JG, O'Malley BW, Weinstein GS, Gimotty PA, Basu D. A benchmark for oncologic outcomes and model for lethal recurrence risk after transoral robotic resection of HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers. Oral Oncol 2022; 127:105798. [PMID: 35245888 PMCID: PMC9288202 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing use of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is likely to impact outcomes for HPV+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs). We aimed to describe oncologic outcomes for a large HPV+ OPSCC cohort after TORS and develop a risk prediction model for recurrence under this treatment paradigm. MATERIALS AND METHODS 634 HPV+ OPSCC patients receiving TORS-based therapy at a single institution were reviewed retrospectively to describe survival across the entire cohort and for patients suffering recurrence. Risks for distant metastatic recurrence (DMR) and locoregional recurrence (LRR) were modeled using multivariate logistic regression analyses of case-control sub-cohorts. RESULTS 5-year overall and recurrence-free survival were 91.2% and 86.1%, respectively. 5-year overall survival was 52.5% following DMR and 83.3% after isolated LRR (P = .01). In case-control analyses, positive surgical margins were associated with DMR (adjusted OR 5.8, CI 2.1-16.0, P = .001), but not isolated LRR, and increased DMR risk 4.2 fold in patients with early clinical stage disease. By contrast, LRR was associated with not receiving recommended adjuvant therapy (OR 13.4, CI 6.3-28.5, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study sets a benchmark for oncologic outcomes from HPV+ OPSCC after TORS-based therapy. Under this treatment paradigm, margins are relevant for assessing lethal recurrence risk during clinical trial design and post-treatment surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Brody
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - David Shimunov
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Roger B Cohen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Alexander Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - John N Lukens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Lee Hartner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Charu Aggarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Umamaheswar Duvvuri
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Kathleen T Montone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Jalal B Jalaly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Virginia A LiVolsi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Ryan M Carey
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Rabie M Shanti
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Karthik Rajasekaran
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Ara A Chalian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Christopher H Rassekh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Steven B Cannady
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Jason G Newman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Gregory S Weinstein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Phyllis A Gimotty
- Department of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Devraj Basu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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22
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[De-escalation of adjuvant radiotherapy after transoral surgery of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer: results of the E3311 trial]. Strahlenther Onkol 2022; 198:400-403. [PMID: 35137242 PMCID: PMC8940873 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-022-01907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer: epidemiology, molecular biology and clinical management. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:306-327. [PMID: 35105976 PMCID: PMC8805140 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 158.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has one of the most rapidly increasing incidences of any cancer in high-income countries. The most recent (8th) edition of the UICC/AJCC staging system separates HPV+ OPSCC from its HPV-negative (HPV−) counterpart to account for the improved prognosis seen in the former. Indeed, owing to its improved prognosis and greater prevalence in younger individuals, numerous ongoing trials are examining the potential for treatment de-intensification as a means to improve quality of life while maintaining acceptable survival outcomes. In addition, owing to the distinct biology of HPV+ OPSCCs, targeted therapies and immunotherapies have become an area of particular interest. Importantly, OPSCC is often detected at an advanced stage owing to a lack of symptoms in the early stages; therefore, a need exists to identify and validate possible diagnostic biomarkers to aid in earlier detection. In this Review, we provide a summary of the epidemiology, molecular biology and clinical management of HPV+ OPSCC in an effort to highlight important advances in the field. Ultimately, a need exists for improved understanding of the molecular basis and clinical course of this disease to guide efforts towards early detection and precision care, and to improve patient outcomes. The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is increasing rapidly in most developed countries. In this Review, the authors provide an overview of the epidemiology, molecular biology and treatment of HPV-positive OPSCC, including discussions of the role of treatment de-escalation and emerging novel therapies. The incidence of human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer (HPV+ OPSCC) is expected to continue to rise over the coming decades until the benefits of gender-neutral prophylactic HPV vaccination begin to become manifest. The incidence of HPV+ OPSCC appears to be highest in high-income countries, although more epidemiological data are needed from low- and middle-income countries, in which HPV vaccination coverage remains low. The substantially better prognosis of patients with HPV+ OPSCC compared to those with HPV– OPSCC has been recognized in the American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM8 staging guidelines, which recommend stratification by HPV status to improve staging. The molecular biology and genomic features of HPV+ OPSCC are similar to those of other HPV-associated malignancies, with HPV oncogenes (E6 and E7) acting as key drivers of pathogenesis. Treatment de-intensification is being pursued in clinical trials, although identifying the ~15% of patients with HPV+ OPSCC who have recurrent disease, and who therefore require more intensive treatment, remains a key challenge.
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Ferris RL, Flamand Y, Weinstein GS, Li S, Quon H, Mehra R, Garcia JJ, Chung CH, Gillison ML, Duvvuri U, O'Malley BW, Ozer E, Thomas GR, Koch WM, Gross ND, Bell RB, Saba NF, Lango M, Méndez E, Burtness B. Phase II Randomized Trial of Transoral Surgery and Low-Dose Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy in Resectable p16+ Locally Advanced Oropharynx Cancer: An ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group Trial (E3311). J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:138-149. [PMID: 34699271 PMCID: PMC8718241 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.01752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Definitive or postoperative chemoradiation (CRT) is curative for human papillomavirus-associated (HPV+) oropharynx cancer (OPC) but induces significant toxicity. As a deintensification strategy, we studied primary transoral surgery (TOS) and reduced postoperative radiation therapy (RT) in intermediate-risk HPV+ OPC. METHODS E3311 is a phase II randomized trial of reduced- or standard-dose postoperative RT for resected stage III-IVa (American Joint Committee on Cancer-seventh edition) HPV+ OPC, determined by pathologic parameters. Primary goals were feasibility of prospective multi-institutional study of TOS for HPV+ OPC, and oncologic efficacy (2-year progression-free survival) of TOS and adjuvant therapy in intermediate-risk patients after resection. TOS plus 50 Gy was considered promising if the lower limit of the exact 90% binomial confidence intervals exceeded 85%. Quality of life and swallowing were measured by functional assessment of cancer therapy-head and neck and MD Anderson Dysphagia Index. RESULTS Credentialed surgeons performed TOS for 495 patients. Eligible and treated patients were assigned as follows: arm A (low risk, n = 38) enrolled 11%, intermediate risk arms B (50 Gy, n = 100) or C (60 Gy, n = 108) randomly allocated 58%, and arm D (high risk, n = 113) enrolled 31%. With a median 35.2-month follow-up for 359 evaluable (eligible and treated) patients, 2-year progression-free survival Kaplan-Meier estimate is 96.9% (90% CI, 91.9 to 100) for arm A (observation), 94.9% (90% CI, 91.3 to 98.6]) for arm B (50 Gy), 96.0% (90% CI, 92.8 to 99.3) for arm C (60 Gy), and 90.7% (90% CI, 86.2 to 95.4) for arm D (66 Gy plus weekly cisplatin). Treatment arm distribution and oncologic outcome for ineligible or step 2 untreated patients (n = 136) mirrored the 359 evaluable patients. Exploratory comparison of functional assessment of cancer therapy-head and neck total scores between arms B and C is presented. CONCLUSION Primary TOS and reduced postoperative RT result in outstanding oncologic outcome and favorable functional outcomes in intermediate-risk HPV+ OPC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yael Flamand
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute-ECOG-ACRIN Biostatistics Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Shuli Li
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute-ECOG-ACRIN Biostatistics Center, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Neil D. Gross
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Nabil F. Saba
- Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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McDowell L, Magarey MJR, Rischin D. Transoral Surgery and Deintensified Adjuvant Therapy: Another Step in Determining Its Role in the Management of Human Papillomavirus Oropharyngeal Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2021; 40:114-117. [PMID: 34767480 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan McDowell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J R Magarey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Education, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danny Rischin
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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26
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Ma DJ, Van Abel KM. Treatment De-intensification for HPV-associated Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Definitive Surgery Paradigm. Semin Radiat Oncol 2021; 31:332-338. [PMID: 34455988 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+OPSCC) constitutes the majority of head and neck diagnoses within the United States. Patients with HPV+OPSCC have biologically and demographically distinct disease, leading to high cure rates after standard treatments. This long survivorship period coupled with the toxicity of standard treatments makes de-intensification strategies an urgent research question. Surgery has generally been avoided for HPV+OPSCC as historical surgical techniques were invasive and morbid. With the advent of minimally invasive transoral techniques, definitive surgical options are becoming more popular. Minimally invasive surgery offers unique opportunities in a de-intensification paradigm, including more detailed patient selection, radiation volume reduction, and radiation dose de-intensification. Nevertheless, careful patient selection must be exercised as surgical defects may lead to quality of life decrements beyond what is gained through de-intensification. Ongoing phase III efforts will help clarify the patient cohorts best suited for surgically oriented de-intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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27
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Ronen O, Robbins KT, de Bree R, Guntinas-Lichius O, Hartl DM, Homma A, Khafif A, Kowalski LP, López F, Mäkitie AA, Ng WT, Rinaldo A, Rodrigo JP, Sanabria A, Ferlito A. Standardization for oncologic head and neck surgery. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 278:4663-4669. [PMID: 33982178 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The inherent variability in performing specific surgical procedures for head and neck cancer remains a barrier for accurately assessing treatment outcomes, particularly in clinical trials. While non-surgical modalities for cancer therapeutics have evolved to become far more uniform, there remains the challenge to standardize surgery. The purpose of this review is to identify the barriers in achieving uniformity and to highlight efforts by surgical groups to standardize selected operations and nomenclature. While further improvements in standardization will remain a challenge, we must encourage surgical groups to focus on strategies that provide such a level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohad Ronen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center, Affiliated with Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
| | - K Thomas Robbins
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University Medical School, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Orlando Guntinas-Lichius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Institute of Phoniatry/Pedaudiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Dana M Hartl
- Head and Neck Oncology Service, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Akihiro Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Avi Khafif
- Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology Unit, A.R.M. Center for Advanced Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Assuta Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Luiz P Kowalski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando López
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias-ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.,University of Oviedo-IUOPA, Oviedo, Spain.,Head and Neck Cancer Unit, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antti A Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wai Tong Ng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias-ISPA, Oviedo, Spain.,University of Oviedo-IUOPA, Oviedo, Spain.,Head and Neck Cancer Unit, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Sanabria
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia/Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia.,CEXCA Centro de Excelencia en Enfermedades de Cabeza Y Cuello, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group, Padua, Italy
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Cheraghlou S, Christensen SR, Leffell DJ, Girardi M. Association of Treatment Facility Characteristics With Overall Survival After Mohs Micrographic Surgery for T1a-T2a Invasive Melanoma. JAMA Dermatol 2021; 157:531-539. [PMID: 33787836 PMCID: PMC8014201 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Importance Early-stage melanoma, among the most common cancers in the US, is typically treated with wide local excision. However, recent advances in immunohistochemistry have led to an increasing number of these cases being excised via Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). Although studies of resections for other cancers have reported that facility-level factors are associated with patient outcomes, it is not yet established how these factors may affect outcomes for patients treated with Mohs micrographic surgery. Objective To evaluate the association of treatment center academic affiliation and case volume with long-term patient survival after MMS for T1a-T2a invasive melanoma. Design, Setting, and Participants In a retrospective cohort study, 4062 adults with nonmetastatic, T1a-T2a melanoma diagnosed from 2004 to 2014 and treated with MMS in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) were identified. The NCDB includes all reportable cases from Commission on Cancer-accredited facilities and is estimated to capture approximately 50% of all incident melanomas in the US. Multivariable survival analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazards models. Data analysis was conducted from February 27 to August 18, 2020. Exposures Treatment facility characteristics. Main Outcomes and Measures Overall survival. Results The study population included 4062 patients (2213 [54.5%] men; median [SD] age, 60 [16.3] years) treated at 462 centers. Sixty-two centers were top decile-volume facilities (TDVFs), which treated 1757 patients (61.9%). Most TDVFs were academic institutions (37 of 62 [59.7%]). On multivariable analysis, treatment at an academic center was associated with a nearly 30% reduction in hazard of death (hazard ratio, 0.730; 95% CI, 0.596-0.895). In a separate analysis, treatment at TDVFs was also associated with improved survival (hazard ratio, 0.795; 95% CI, 0.648-0.977). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, treatment of patients with T1a-T2a invasive melanoma excised with MMS at academic and top decile-volume (≥8 cases per year) facilities was associated with improved long-term survival compared with those excised by MMS at nonacademic and low-volume facilities. Identification and protocolization of the practices of these facilities may help to reduce survival differences between centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Cheraghlou
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - David J. Leffell
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael Girardi
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Sun Y, Wang Z, Qiu S, Wang R. Therapeutic strategies of different HPV status in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1104-1118. [PMID: 33867833 PMCID: PMC8040311 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the 9th most common malignant tumor in the world. Based on the etiology, HNSCC has two main subtypes: human papillomavirus (HPV) -related and HPV-unrelated. HPV-positive HNSCC is more sensitive to treatment with favorable survival. Due to the different biological behaviors, individual therapy is necessary and urgently required to deduce the therapeutic intensity of HPV-positive disease and look for a more effective and toxicity-acceptable regimen for HPV-negative disease. EGFR amplification and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway aberrant activation are quite common in HPV-positive HNSCC. Besides, HPV infection alters immune cell infiltrating in HNSCC and encompasses a diverse and heterogeneous landscape with more immune infiltration. On the other hand, the chance of HPV-negative cancers harboring mutation on the P53 gene is significantly higher than that of HPV-positive disease. This review focuses on the updated preclinical and clinical data of HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC and discusses the therapeutic strategies of different HPV status in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingming Sun
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming 365001, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomarker High Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Dalian University, Dalian 116001, P. R. China
| | - Sufang Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital & Fujian Cancer Hospital; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350014, P.R. China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, P. R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomarker High Throughput Screening and Target Translation of Breast and Gastrointestinal Tumor, Dalian University, Dalian 116001, P. R. China
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Acceptance and adoption of transoral robotic surgery in Germany. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 278:4021-4026. [PMID: 33550435 PMCID: PMC8382611 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06623-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since its introduction over a decade ago, the use of robotic surgery (RS) in head and neck surgery has widely spread around the globe, with very differential adoption of this novel surgical technique in different parts of the world. In this study, we analyze the acceptance and adoption of robotic surgery in the head and neck in Germany. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional analysis using a questionnaire evaluating the acceptance and adoption of RS was performed. Questionnaires were distributed to all chairmen /-women of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Departments in Germany. RESULTS A total of 107 respondents completed the questionnaire (65.2%). At university hospitals, 71.4% of the respondents indicated that a robotic system was available, and 21.4% responded that robotic surgery was performed at their institution; 22.7% and 0.04%, respectively, at non-university hospitals. The overall adoption rate was 0.8%. The most common cases performed were TORS resection in the oropharynx. Main reasons for not adopting this technique were costs, lack of interest and available co-operations. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of the extent of adoption of TORS in Germany; main perceived barriers to adoption are costs with lack of cost-covering reimbursement and insufficient co-operations with other disciplines as well as hospital administration resulting in a very low adoption rate of this technique over the past decade. Results from this study may assist in decision-making processes on adopting this technique in the future.
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Young A, Bigcas JL, Yang A, Reeve N, Kim Y, Wang RC. Transoral robotic submandibular gland transposition to reconstruct radical tonsillar resection defects. Head Neck 2021; 43:1695-1698. [PMID: 33506547 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant dysphagia, pain, and risk of bleeding occur after transoral robotic surgery (TORS) radical tonsillectomy. We present a novel surgical technique utilizing robotically assisted submandibular gland transposition (SMGT) to reconstruct the radical tonsillar defect. A 48-year-old male with p16+ tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma underwent deep TORS radical tonsillectomy, contralateral tonsillectomy, ipsilateral neck dissection, and TORS-assisted reconstruction of the radical defect with ipsilateral SMGT. Postoperatively, the patient experienced minimal pain and was discharged on postoperative day (POD) 3 tolerating a soft diet. There were no episodes of postoperative bleeding. This procedure was performed in five other cases as well. Transoral robotic SMGT can be used successfully to repair deep TORS radical tonsillectomy defects and may theoretically reduce dysphagia, pain, and the risk of hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Young
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Jo-Lawrence Bigcas
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Albert Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Nathaniel Reeve
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Yuna Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Robert C Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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Patel EJ, Zhu AW, Oliver JR, Cornwell M, Jacobson AS, Hu KS, Tam M, Vaezi A, Morris LGT, Givi B. Treatment of Early Stage Tonsil Cancer in the Age of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Malignancies. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 165:104-112. [PMID: 33290171 DOI: 10.1177/0194599820973256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the patterns of care and outcomes of treatment of early stage tonsil cancers, controlling for human papillomavirus (HPV) status. STUDY DESIGN Historical cohort study. SETTING National Cancer Database (NCDB). METHODS Review of the NCDB between 2010 and 2017 for all T1-2N0M0 tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Demographics, clinical characteristics, HPV status, treatment regimens, and survival were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 4720 patients were identified with early stage SCC of the tonsil. Most were tested for HPV (2759 [58.5%]). Among tested patients, 1758 (63.7%) were positive for HPV and 1001 (36.3%) were negative for HPV. HPV-positive patients had higher 3-year survival compared to HPV-negative patients (93.2% vs 77.8%, P < .001). Among HPV-positive patients, there was no significant difference in survival between treatment cohorts. However, in the HPV-negative cohort, 3-year survival was higher in both bimodality surgical-based settings (tonsillectomy + neck dissection + radiotherapy, 86.0% vs chemoradiotherapy, 69.6%, P = .01) and for all surgical-based treatments when compared to nonsurgical management (84.6% vs 69.3%, P < .001). This difference was maintained in multivariable regression controlling for age, sex, comorbidities, clinical T stage, and treatments. In a subpopulation of HPV-negative patients propensity score matched by all factors significant in multivariable analysis, 3-year survival remained higher in the surgically treated group compared to the nonsurgically treated cohort (84.9% vs 67.1%, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Surgical- or radiation-based treatment resulted in similar survival in early stage HPV-positive tonsil cancer. Surgical-based treatments were associated with longer survival in HPV-negative cancers. These findings should be further investigated in a randomized prospective trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angela W Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jamie R Oliver
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - MacIntosh Cornwell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam S Jacobson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kenneth S Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Moses Tam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alec Vaezi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Luc G T Morris
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Babak Givi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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