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Bermúdez V, Durán P, Rojas E, Díaz MP, Rivas J, Nava M, Chacín M, Cabrera de Bravo M, Carrasquero R, Ponce CC, Górriz JL, D´Marco L. The Sick Adipose Tissue: New Insights Into Defective Signaling and Crosstalk With the Myocardium. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:735070. [PMID: 34603210 PMCID: PMC8479191 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.735070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) biology is linked to cardiovascular health since obesity is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and positively correlated with excessive visceral fat accumulation. AT signaling to myocardial cells through soluble factors known as adipokines, cardiokines, branched-chain amino acids and small molecules like microRNAs, undoubtedly influence myocardial cells and AT function via the endocrine-paracrine mechanisms of action. Unfortunately, abnormal total and visceral adiposity can alter this harmonious signaling network, resulting in tissue hypoxia and monocyte/macrophage adipose infiltration occurring alongside expanded intra-abdominal and epicardial fat depots seen in the human obese phenotype. These processes promote an abnormal adipocyte proteomic reprogramming, whereby these cells become a source of abnormal signals, affecting vascular and myocardial tissues, leading to meta-inflammation, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, heart hypertrophy, heart failure and myocardial infarction. This review first discusses the pathophysiology and consequences of adipose tissue expansion, particularly their association with meta-inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis. We also explore the precise mechanisms involved in metabolic reprogramming in AT that represent plausible causative factors for CVD. Finally, we clarify how lifestyle changes could promote improvement in myocardiocyte function in the context of changes in AT proteomics and a better gut microbiome profile to develop effective, non-pharmacologic approaches to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmore Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Pablo Durán
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Edward Rojas
- Cardiovascular Division, University Hospital, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - María P. Díaz
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - José Rivas
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Florida-College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Manuel Nava
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | - Rubén Carrasquero
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Clímaco Cano Ponce
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - José Luis Górriz
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis D´Marco
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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A JIR, Uddandrao VVS, G S, G S, P C, S S, P T, P P S, Vadivukkarasi S. Biochanin A attenuates obesity cardiomyopathy in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation through the Nrf-2 pathway. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 129:788-798. [PMID: 33471570 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1874017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, we evaluated the effect of biochanin A (BCA) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity cardiomyopathy. METHODS BCA (10 mg/kg body weight) was administered to HFD-induced obese rats for 30 days, and its effect on anthropometrical, morphological, plasma cardiac, and inflammatory biomarkers, along with cardiac lipid profiles was assessed. RESULTS Supplementation of HFD to rats significantly increased body mass index, obesity index parameters, and cardiac lipid profile along with notable oxidative stress and inflammation. Additionally, BCA treatment in obese rats demonstrated a superior therapeutic action by restoring the altered parameters to almost normal levels. Simultaneously, BCA increased the activities and mRNA expressions of enzymatic antioxidants by upregulating the Nrf-2 pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB cascade. CONCLUSION BCA may attenuate obesity and its associated cardiomyopathy by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation through activation of the Nrf-2 pathway and inhibition of NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jansy Isabella Rani A
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Vellalar College for Women (Autonomous), Erode, India
| | - V V Sathibabu Uddandrao
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, India
| | - Sangeethadevi G
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Vellalar College for Women (Autonomous), Erode, India
| | - Saravanan G
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, India
| | - Chandrasekaran P
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, India
| | - Sengottuvelu S
- Department of Pharmacology, Nandha College of Pharmacy, Erode, India
| | - Tamilmani P
- Department of Biochemistry, PGP College of Arts and Science, Namakkal, India
| | - Sethumathi P P
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Nandha College of Pharmacy, Erode, India
| | - S Vadivukkarasi
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, India
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Senesi P, Luzi L, Terruzzi I. Adipokines, Myokines, and Cardiokines: The Role of Nutritional Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218372. [PMID: 33171610 PMCID: PMC7664629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now established that adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and heart are endocrine organs and secrete in normal and in pathological conditions several molecules, called, respectively, adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines. These secretory proteins constitute a closed network that plays a crucial role in obesity and above all in cardiac diseases associated with obesity. In particular, the interaction between adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines is mainly involved in inflammatory and oxidative damage characterized obesity condition. Identifying new therapeutic agents or treatment having a positive action on the expression of these molecules could have a key positive effect on the management of obesity and its cardiac complications. Results from recent studies indicate that several nutritional interventions, including nutraceutical supplements, could represent new therapeutic agents on the adipo-myo-cardiokines network. This review focuses the biological action on the main adipokines, myokines and cardiokines involved in obesity and cardiovascular diseases and describe the principal nutraceutical approaches able to regulate leptin, adiponectin, apelin, irisin, natriuretic peptides, and follistatin-like 1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Senesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (L.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (L.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (L.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Hunsche C, Martínez de Toda I, Hernandez O, Jiménez B, Díaz LE, Marcos A, De la Fuente M. The supplementations with 2-hydroxyoleic acid and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids revert oxidative stress in various organs of diet-induced obese mice. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:455-466. [PMID: 32752974 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1800004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its related diseases have been associated with oxidative stress. Thus, the search for nutritional strategies to ameliorate oxidative stress in obese individuals seems important. We hypothesized that the supplementation with monounsaturated (2-hydroxyoleic acid (2-OHOA)) and with combined n-3 polyunsaturated (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) fatty acids would ameliorate oxidative stress in different organs, including brain, liver, lungs, and kidneys of adult diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Adult female ICR-CD1 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. During the last 6 weeks of HFD feeding, one group of DIO mice received the same HFD, supplemented with 1500 mg of 2-OHOA per kg of HFD and another group with 1500 mg of EPA and 1500 mg of DHA per kg of HFD. At the end of the experiment, several parameters of oxidative stress were assessed. The supplementation with 2-OHOA or with EPA and DHA in DIO mice was able to revert oxidative stress, enhancing the activities of catalase and glutathione reductase, as well as diminishing the activity of xanthine oxidase, the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the ratio between oxidized glutathione and reduced glutathione in several organs. These reached similar values to those of control mice, which were fed a standard diet. These data suggest that supplementation with 2-OHOA and with EPA and DHA could be an effective nutritional intervention to restore an appropriate redox state in DIO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hunsche
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid and Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid and Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oskarina Hernandez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid and Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Jiménez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid and Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ligia Esperanza Díaz
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unit of Animal Physiology), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid and Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12), Madrid, Spain
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