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Salgado ADY, Feitosa VP, Farrapo MT, Rifane TO, Ribeiro LL, de Oliveira AS, Lomonaco D. Experimental Bracket Design Performance on Bonding and Polymerization of Orthodontic Composite. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 2024:7457900. [PMID: 38884017 PMCID: PMC11178397 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7457900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the enamel bonding ability and orthodontic adhesive resin degree of conversion using the experimental bracket design. Material and Methods. Thirteen bovine teeth were used in the study. The experimental bracket was modified with a translucent region in the center of its body. After enamel etching, Orthocem orthodontic adhesive (FGM, Joinville, Brazil) was applied on the bracket base for bonding. The groups were divided as follows (n = 10 per group): (1) control (CB) with standard brackets and (2) spot bracket (SB) with experimental brackets featuring a 0.8 mm translucent region at the center using carbide bur. Shear bond strength (SBS) was evaluated after 24 hours in a universal testing machine and adhesive remnant index (ARI). The degree of conversion (DC) was analyzed using Raman spectroscopy (n = 3 per group). Data were then analyzed using Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney statistical methods. Results The SB group exhibited a higher mean SBS (10.33 MPa) compared to the CB Group (8.77 MPa). However, there was no statistical difference between the groups (p = 0.376). Both SB and CB groups had a mean ARI score of 1. Raman analysis revealed a higher degree of conversion in the SB group (49.3%) compared to the CB group (25.9%). Conclusions The experimental support showed a higher degree of adhesive conversion, although there was no significant increase in bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tainah Oliveira Rifane
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Piracicaba Dental School University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Lara Leal Ribeiro
- Department of Orthodontics Paulo Picanço School of Dentistry, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Lomonaco
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Polychronis G, Papageorgiou SN, Riollo CS, Panayi N, Zinelis S, Eliades T. Fracture toughness and hardness of in-office, 3D-printed ceramic brackets. Orthod Craniofac Res 2023. [PMID: 36648375 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is a promising manufacturing technique for fabricating ceramic brackets. The aim of this research was to assess fundamental mechanical properties of in-office, 3D printed ceramic brackets. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3D-printed zirconia brackets, commercially available polycrystalline alumina ceramic brackets (Clarity, 3 M St. Paul, MN) and 3D-printed customized polycrystalline alumina ceramic ones (LightForce™, Burlington, Massachusetts) were included in this study. Seven 3D printed zirconia brackets and equal number of ceramic ones from each manufacturer underwent metallographic grinding and polishing followed by Vickers indentation testing. Hardness (HV) and fracture toughness (K1c) were estimated by measuring impression average diagonal length and crack length, respectively. After descriptive statistics calculation, group differences were analysed with 1 Way ANOVA and Holm Sidak post hoc multiple comparison test at significance level α = .05. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found among the materials tested with respect to hardness and fracture toughness. The 3D-printed zirconia proved to be less hard (1261 ± 39 vs 2000 ± 49 vs 1840 ± 38) but more resistant to crack propagation (K1c = 6.62 ± 0.61 vs 5.30 ± 0.48 vs 4.44 ± 0.30 MPa m1/2 ) than the alumina brackets (Clarity and Light Force respectivelty). Significant differences were observed between the 3D printed and the commercially available polycrystalline alumina ceramic brackets but to a lesser extent. CONCLUSIONS Under the limitations of this study, the 3D printed zirconia bracket tested is characterized by mechanical properties associated with advantageous orthodontic fixed appliances traits regarding clinically relevant parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Polychronis
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon N Papageorgiou
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christopher S Riollo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nearchos Panayi
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Spiros Zinelis
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore Eliades
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Jung O, Becker JP, Smeets R, Gosau M, Becker G, Kahl-Nieke B, Jung AK, Heiland M, Kopp A, Barbeck M, Koehne T. Surface Characteristics of Esthetic Nickel⁻Titanium and Beta-Titanium Orthodontic Archwires Produced by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO)-Primary Results. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12091403. [PMID: 31052150 PMCID: PMC6539843 DOI: 10.3390/ma12091403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim: There is continuing interest in engineering esthetic labial archwires. The aim of this study was to coat nickel–titanium (NiTi) and beta-titanium (β-Ti), also known as titanium molybdenum (TMA), archwires by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and to analyze the characteristics of the PEO-surfaces. Materials and Methods: PEO-coatings were generated on 0.014-inch NiTi and 0.19 × 0.25-inch β-Ti archwires. The surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and stereomicroscopy. Cytocompatibility testing was performed with ceramized and untreated samples according to EN ISO 10993-5 in XTT-, BrdU- and LDH-assays. The direct cell impact was analyzed using LIVE-/DEAD-staining. In addition, the archwires were inserted in an orthodontic model and photographs were taken before and after insertion. Results: The PEO coatings were 15 to 20 µm thick with a whitish appearance. The cytocompatibility analysis revealed good cytocompatibility results for both ceramized NiTi and β-Ti archwires. In the direct cell tests, the ceramized samples showed improved compatibility as compared to those of uncoated samples. However, bending of the archwires resulted in loss of the PEO-surfaces. Nevertheless, it was possible to insert the β-Ti PEO-coated archwire in an orthodontic model without loss of the PEO-ceramic. Conclusion: PEO is a promising technique for the generation of esthetic orthodontic archwires. Since the PEO-coating does not resist bending, its clinical use seems to be limited so far to orthodontic techniques using straight or pre-bent archwires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Jung
- Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, Research Group Biomaterials/Surfaces, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jean-Philippe Becker
- Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, Research Group Biomaterials/Surfaces, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ralf Smeets
- Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, Research Group Biomaterials/Surfaces, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Gosau
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Germain Becker
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Bärbel Kahl-Nieke
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Anne-Kathrin Jung
- Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, Research Group Biomaterials/Surfaces, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Max Heiland
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 12200 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Mike Barbeck
- Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, Research Group Biomaterials/Surfaces, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Till Koehne
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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