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Zheng D, Yang Q, Wu J, Zhou Z, Cai J, Chen L, Ji Z, Tian H, Li Z, Chen Y. Global trends in research of endoscopic thyroidectomy from 2013 to 2022: a scientometric and visualization analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1199563. [PMID: 37635959 PMCID: PMC10449642 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1199563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recently, endoscopic thyroidectomy has been developed and applied to thyroid surgery to achieve minimized neck scar formation and enhanced aesthetic outcomes. Our scientometric research in this paper offers a thorough overview of endoscopic thyroidectomy from 2013 to 2022. Methods All pertinent articles on endoscopic thyroidectomy were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection Database. The data on the number of citations and publications, most prolific countries and institutions, significant authors and journals, top themes, and keywords were analyzed by Biblioshiny, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer. Results There were 758 publications, all of that were found from 2013 to 2022. The output of the annual publication showed an upward trend. A series of cases report by Anuwong et al. published in 2016 received the most citations. The country with the most articles published articles was South Korea, and the two countries with the most collaboration were South Korea and the United States. The most productive journal was Surgical Endoscopy and Other Interventional Techniques. Dionigi G, Kim HY, and Anuwong A were the writers with the most articles published, the highest h- and g-indices, and the strongest link strength, respectively. The keywords "endoscopic thyroidectomy", "surgical", "thyroidectomy", "robotic thyroidectomy", "experience", and others were most used. Conclusion The innovative surgical technique, transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA), leaves no scars and produces optimal cosmetic results. However, the long-term oncologic results for thyroid cancer performed with this approach are still missing. This scientometric analysis can offer valuable insights into the present research standing and key focal points in this domain, enabling researchers to gain a precise understanding of the state-of-the-art research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery, General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yexi Chen
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery, General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Clinical Application of Pectoralis Nerve Block II for Flap Dissection-Related Pain Control after Robot-Assisted Transaxillary Thyroidectomy: A Preliminary Retrospective Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174097. [PMID: 36077633 PMCID: PMC9454532 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The main findings of the study are that pectoralis nerve block II (PECS II) may be a valuable analgesic option that alleviates flap dissection pain and stress during a robot-assisted transaxillary thyroidectomy (RATT) and reduces opioid consumption in the early recovery phase. Patients who received PECS II experienced a more comfortable recovery and required fewer painkillers. PECS II may serve as a valuable new pain relief modality in addition to the multimodal analgesic strategy for patients undergoing RATT. Although we have yet to investigate the optimal block duration, regions of sensory loss, optimal technique, and possible complications, our preliminary study suggests that PECS II reduces flap dissection pain and thus promotes recovery. Appropriate analgesia during RATT remains challenging, but is a key issue for postoperative recovery. A further prospective investigation is required to validate our results and establish the optimal pain control regimen for patients undergoing RATT. Abstract Few studies have examined the clinical utility of ultrasonography-guided pectoralis nerve block II (PECS II) during wide flap dissection of a robot-assisted transaxillary thyroidectomy (RATT). We assessed the ability of PECS II to reduce postoperative pain. We retrospectively reviewed 62 patients who underwent elective RATT from December 2021 to April 2022 at Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital (Seoul, Korea). The patients were divided into a block group (n = 28, 50.9%) and no-block group (n = 27, 49.1%). Pain was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) at 4, 10, 20, 25, 35, and 45 h after surgery, and the requirements for rescue painkillers in the post-anesthesia care unit and ward were recorded. The VAS scores did not differ significantly between the two groups at 4 h postoperatively. The block group had significantly lower VAS scores at 10 and 25 h (p = 0.017 and p = 0.034, respectively). The block group required fewer painkillers in the post-anesthesia care unit than the no-block group, although the difference was not statistically significant in the ward. PECS II may serve as a new pain relief modality and valuable addition to the current multimodal analgesic strategy for patients undergoing RATT.
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Robot-Assisted Total Thyroidectomy with or without Robot-Assisted Neck Dissection in Pediatric Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123320. [PMID: 35743391 PMCID: PMC9224679 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric thyroid cancer more frequently develops cervical node metastasis than adult thyroid cancer, even in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Thus, cervical neck dissection often needs to be performed simultaneously with thyroidectomy in pediatric patients. Herein, we describe our experience with robot-assisted total thyroidectomy with/without robot-assisted neck dissection in pediatric patients compared with the conventional operated group. A total of 30 pediatric patients who underwent thyroidectomy for DTC between July 2011 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Among them, 22 underwent robot-assisted operation, whereas 8 underwent conventional operation. There was no statistical difference in the mean operation times, blood loss, drainage amounts, and hospital stay length between the robot-assisted and conventional operation groups; however, the operation time was less in the retroauricular approach subgroup (robot-assisted operation group) with better satisfaction on cosmesis. No postoperative complications, such as seromas, hemorrhages, or hematomas were observed. Our experience suggested that robot-assisted thyroidectomy with or without neck dissection through the retroauricular approach is a feasible and safe alternative treatment, producing outstanding esthetic results compared to the conventional approach, especially in pediatric patients with DTC.
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Han SH, Chung E. Robotic retroauricular thyroidectomy with additional axillary port: Early personal experiences. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2021; 6:885-891. [PMID: 34401517 PMCID: PMC8356877 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the usefulness of an additional axillary port in robotic retroauricular thyroidectomy by comparing the perioperative data and postoperative function between the operations with and without an additional axillary port. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of the medical records of 11 patients who underwent robotic thyroid operations using a unilateral retroauricular approach with or without an additional axillary port between 2016 and 2021 was conducted. Patient demographics, operation time, drainage amount, hospital stay, complication, postoperative cosmetic satisfaction, and postoperative neck and shoulder pain were analyzed. RESULTS Among the 11 patients who underwent robotic retroauricular thyroidectomy, an additional axillary port was used in 6 patients and not used in 5 patients. The total operation time was significantly shorter in the axillary port group (174.5 ± 23 minutes) compared to the without the axillary port group (207.6 ± 20.1 minutes) (P = .033). The intraoperative estimated blood loss (P = .525), total amount of drainage (P = .172), and postoperative hospital stays (P = .092) were not different between the 2 groups. There was no postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, hypoparathyroidism, hematoma, seroma in the two groups. There was no significant difference for either group in the pain score and cosmetic satisfaction at 2 weeks (P = .378, P = .650) and 6 weeks (P = .242, P = .546) postoperatively. CONCLUSION Robotic retroauricular thyroidectomy using an additional axillary port was a novel, safe, and feasible procedure. Dissection was easy due to the availability of the fourth robotic arm to retract the thyroid gland.Level of Evidence: 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hoon Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgerySeoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Eun‐Jae Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgerySeoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
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The future of robotic surgery in otolaryngology – head and neck surgery. Oral Oncol 2020; 101:104510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.104510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Ruhle BC, Ferguson Bryan A, Grogan RH. Robot-Assisted Endocrine Surgery: Indications and Drawbacks. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2019; 29:129-135. [DOI: 10.1089/lap.2018.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Ruhle
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ava Ferguson Bryan
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Raymon H. Grogan
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Byeon HK, Holsinger FC, Duvvuri U, Kim DH, Park JH, Chang E, Kim SH, Koh YW. Recent progress of retroauricular robotic thyroidectomy with the new surgical robotic system. Laryngoscope 2017; 128:1730-1737. [PMID: 29068059 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previously, we have reported the feasibility of retroauricular (RA) robotic thyroidectomy. Despite its promising surgical outcomes, there were certain intrinsic mechanical limitations inherent to the da Vinci Si System (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, California, U.S.A.). Since the advent of an upgraded model, the Xi System (Intuitive Surgical), we have actively incorporated the new model into performing RA thyroidectomy. Here, we intend to verify the feasibility of RA robotic thyroidectomy using the new da Vinci Xi System (Intuitive Surgical) with comparison of the former Si-applied surgery (Intuitive Surgical). STUDY DESIGN Comparative analysis. METHODS There were total 165 consecutive patients who received RA robotic thyroidectomy from January 2013 to February 2016. The patients were divided into two groups: Si group (n = 125) and Xi group (n = 40). Perioperative and treatment outcomes were compared and analyzed. RESULTS Compared with the previous system, new da Vinci Xi system (Intuitive Surgical) enabled insertion of an extra third robotic instrumental arm. Unlike the previous robotic surgical technique, the robotic dissection could be initiated immediately after the establishment of working space and the resulting total operation time could be significantly decreased. There was no difference in the surgical completeness, as confirmed by postoperative thyroglobulin levels. Additionally, flexed EndoWrist (Intuitive Surgical) instruments equipped with the Erbe (Erbe USA Inc., Marietta, Georgia, U.S.A.) system could be mounted, which further facilitated the operation. There were no significant differences in postoperative complications between the two groups. CONCLUSION The RA robotic thyroidectomy with the new Xi System (Intuitive Surgical) can greatly facilitate the robotic surgery with comparable or improved surgical outcomes. Its application is expected to open up a new era of robotic neck surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4. Laryngoscope, 128:1730-1737, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Kwon Byeon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - F Christopher Holsinger
- Division of Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Umamaheswar Duvvuri
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Da Hee Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Estelle Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A
| | - Se-Heon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Yoon Woo Koh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
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Liu HH, Li LJ, Shi B, Xu CW, Luo E. Robotic surgical systems in maxillofacial surgery: a review. Int J Oral Sci 2017; 9:63-73. [PMID: 28660906 PMCID: PMC5518975 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the twenty-first century, robotic surgery has been used in multiple oral surgical procedures for the treatment of head and neck tumors and non-malignant diseases. With the assistance of robotic surgical systems, maxillofacial surgery is performed with less blood loss, fewer complications, shorter hospitalization and better cosmetic results than standard open surgery. However, the application of robotic surgery techniques to the treatment of head and neck diseases remains in an experimental stage, and the long-lasting effects on surgical morbidity, oncologic control and quality of life are yet to be established. More well-designed studies are needed before this approach can be recommended as a standard treatment paradigm. Nonetheless, robotic surgical systems will inevitably be extended to maxillofacial surgery. This article reviews the current clinical applications of robotic surgery in the head and neck region and highlights the benefits and limitations of current robotic surgical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Hang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral
Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China
Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
China
| | - Long-Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral
Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China
Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
China
| | - Bin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral
Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China
Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
China
| | - Chun-Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral
Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China
Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
China
| | - En Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral
Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China
Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
China
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Alshehri M, Mohamed HE, Moulthrop T, Kandil E. Robotic thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy: An initial experience with retroauricular approach. Head Neck 2017; 39:1568-1572. [PMID: 28474427 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New approaches for robotic-assisted thyroidectomy were recently described. The purpose of this study was to present the report of our initial experience using a retroauricular approach for thyroid and parathyroid surgeries. METHODS This is a prospective study that was conducted under institutional review board approval and all surgeries were performed by a single surgeon at a North American academic institution. Some patients underwent an additional concomitant neck lift surgery in addition to the thyroid surgery. Some cases were performed without the use of the robot and they have been evaluated compared with the robotic cases. Clinical characteristics, total operative time, blood loss, surgical outcome, and length of hospital stay were evaluated. RESULTS Forty cases representing thirty-eight female patients were included in this study, which includes 37 thyroid lobectomies and 3 parathyroid surgeries. Mean age was 44 ± 13 years, and mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.9 ± 5.31. Mean thyroid nodule size was 2.01 ± 0.94 cm. All cases were completed successfully via a single retroauricular incision. There was no conversion to an open approach. Six of 38 patients underwent additional neck lift surgery with a mean total operative time of 189 ± 45 minutes. The mean operative time for the remaining 34 patients who underwent retroauricular robotic-assisted hemithyroidectomy without neck lift surgery was 156 ± 39 minutes. Five patients underwent an endoscopic, retroauricular approach to the thyroid and parathyroid without using the robot. Two of 38 patients developed postoperative hematoma, in whom one of them needed a surgical evacuation. There were no cases of permanent vocal cord paralysis or permanent hypoparathyroidism. However, 2 patients developed transient hoarseness, which resolved 9 weeks and 10 weeks postoperatively, respectively. Mean blood loss was 19.0 ± 30.93 mL. Twenty-one patients were discharged on the same day of surgery, 17 patients were discharged after an overnight stay, and the remaining 2 patients were discharged after 2 days. CONCLUSION Single-incision retroauricular robotic hemithyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy can be safe and feasible and concomitant neck lift surgery can be offered in a select group of patients. In addition, the nonrobotic retroauricular approach can be performed safely; however, future studies are warranted to further evaluate the benefits and limitations of this novel robotic retroauricular surgical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alshehri
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Hossam Eldin Mohamed
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Thomas Moulthrop
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Emad Kandil
- Division of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Transoral Robotic Surgery. AORN J 2017; 105:73-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aorn.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sung ES, Ji YB, Song CM, Yun BR, Chung WS, Tae K. Robotic Thyroidectomy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 154:997-1004. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599816636366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Robotic thyroidectomy using remote access approaches has gained popularity with patients seeking to avoid neck scarring and enhanced cosmetic satisfaction. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and advantages of a postauricular facelift approach vs a gasless unilateral axillary (GUA) approach in robotic thyroidectomy. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting University tertiary care hospital. Subjects and Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 65 patients who underwent robotic thyroidectomy with or without central neck dissection using a GUA approach (45 patients) or a postauricular facelift approach (20 patients) between September 2013 and December 2014. We excluded patients who underwent simultaneous lateral neck dissection or completion thyroidectomy. Results Robotic procedures were completed without being converted to an open procedure in all patients. There were no significant differences in terms of patient and tumor characteristics, extent of thyroidectomy and central neck dissection, operative time, complications, and postoperative pain between the 2 approaches, except the higher female ratio in the GUA approach group (female ratio, 95.6% vs 75%, P = .042). Cosmetic satisfaction evaluated by a questionnaire was not significantly different between the 2 groups, and most patients of both groups (85.7%) were satisfied with postoperative cosmesis. Conclusion Both GUA and postauricular facelift approaches are feasible, with no significant adverse events in patients, and result in excellent cosmesis. However, a GUA approach seems to be superior when performing total thyroidectomy using a unilateral incision based on the preliminary result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui Suk Sung
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Bae Ji
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Myeon Song
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo Ram Yun
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Sang Chung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Tae
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Byeon HK, Kim DH, Chang JW, Ban MJ, Park JH, Kim WS, Choi EC, Koh YW. Comprehensive application of robotic retroauricular thyroidectomy: The evolution of robotic thyroidectomy. Laryngoscope 2015; 126:1952-7. [PMID: 26525822 DOI: 10.1002/lary.25763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS As an evolvement of the robotic application to the thyroidectomy, we sought to seek the potential role of robotic thyroidectomy with the retroauricular (RA) approach prior to future comparative study between RA and transaxillary thyroidectomy. This study aims to verify the surgical feasibility of robotic RA thyroidectomy. STUDY DESIGN Case series with planned data collection. METHODS A total of 87 patients who underwent robotic RA thyroidectomy for clinically suspicious papillary thyroid carcinoma or benign lesions from January 2013 to May 2014 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS All robotic surgeries via RA approach were successfully performed, without any significant intraoperative complications or conversion to open surgery. Based on patient-reported outcome questionnaires, all patients were satisfied with their postoperative surgical scars. CONCLUSION Robotic RA thyroidectomy is technically feasible and safe, with satisfactory cosmetic results for patients where indicated. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4. Laryngoscope, 126:1952-1957, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Kwon Byeon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hee Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jin Ban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Shik Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Chang Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Woo Koh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Burton
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Robert Wong
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Tapan Padhya
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
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