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Amin SN, Patterson KT, Cvancara DJ, Dahl JP. Pediatric Salivary Gland Pathology. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2024; 36:317-332. [PMID: 38724422 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Benign and malignant salivary gland disorders are uncommon in the pediatric population; however, these can be frequently seen in pediatric otolaryngology or oral and maxillofacial surgery practices. The astute clinician should be aware of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management options for common inflammatory, infectious, benign, and malignant disorders of salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunak N Amin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Box 356515 Health Sciences Building, Suite BB1165, Seattle, WA 98195-65, USA
| | - Kristopher T Patterson
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 356515 Health Sciences Building, Suite BB1165, Seattle, WA 98195-65, USA
| | - David J Cvancara
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 356515 Health Sciences Building, Suite BB1165, Seattle, WA 98195-65, USA
| | - John P Dahl
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Muraoka H, Kaneda T, Kondo T, Hirahara N, Kohinata Y, Tokunaga S. Differentiation of submandibular sialadenitis based on apparent diffusion coefficient. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38566274 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to quantify the submandibular gland in suppurative sialadenitis, primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and radiation-induced sialadenitis using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for differential diagnosis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 16 patients with suppurative sialadenitis (n = 9), pSS (n = 3) and radiation-induced sialadenitis (n = 4) who underwent magnetic resonance imaging between June 2006 and May 2022. The ADC of the submandibular glands in each state was calculated, and the differences were analysed using a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the ability of the ADC to distinguish each condition. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The mean ADC value (×10-3 mm2/s) ± standard deviation in the control (non-affected side of the suppurative sialadenitis group), suppurative sialadenitis, pSS and radiation-induced groups were 0.94 ± 0.16, 1.24 ± 0.16, 1.33 ± 0.13 and 1.5 ± 0.12, respectively (p < 0.001). The diagnostic value for distinguishing each group was ≥0.75. CONCLUSION ADC values are useful for quantitatively assessing and distinguishing submandibular glands in suppurative sialadenitis, primary Sjögren's syndrome and radiation-induced sialadenitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Muraoka
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaneda
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takumi Kondo
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naohisa Hirahara
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuta Kohinata
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tokunaga
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
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Hosokawa T, Tanami Y, Sato Y, Adachi N, Asanuma H, Oguma E. Clinical audit of ultrasonography for detecting sialoliths in the submandibular gland in paediatric patients: A comparison to computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Australas J Ultrasound Med 2024; 27:19-25. [PMID: 38434548 PMCID: PMC10902828 DOI: 10.1002/ajum.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare the performance of ultrasonography with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) for detecting submandibular sialoliths. Methods Thirteen patients with suspected submandibular sialoliths who underwent ultrasonography and CT or MRI were included. Sialoliths were diagnosed using CT (11 cases) or MRI (two cases). The submandibular duct was classified into distal and proximal ducts based on the point around the mylohyoid muscle. Sialoliths located in the proximal duct were difficult to differentiate from those located within the submandibular gland (SMG). Therefore, the location of the sialoliths was classified as follows: within the SMG/proximal duct and within the distal duct. The ultrasound results were compared with CT/MRI results. Results Of the 13 patients included, two had sialoliths in both the SMG/proximal duct and the distal duct, three had sialoliths in the SMG/proximal duct, and five had sialoliths in the distal duct on CT or MRI. In this small cohort, all five sialoliths in the SMG/proximal duct were detected by ultrasoonography; however, of the seven cases with sialoliths located in the distal duct, only three could be detected by ultrasonography. Conclusions The incidence of sialoliths in the distal duct was higher than that in the SMG/proximal duct. Ultrasonography showed a good performance compared with CT/MRI in the SMG/proximal duct but not in the distal duct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hosokawa
- Department of RadiologySaitama Children's Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Yutaka Tanami
- Department of RadiologySaitama Children's Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Yumiko Sato
- Department of RadiologySaitama Children's Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Nodoka Adachi
- Department of OtolaryngologySaitama Children's Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Asanuma
- Department of OtolaryngologySaitama Children's Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Eiji Oguma
- Department of RadiologySaitama Children's Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
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Is Reflex Parotitis a Forgotten or an Unknown Pathology? J Craniofac Surg 2023. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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Skalias A, Garefis K, Markou K, Nikolaidis V, Konstantinidis I. The effectiveness and safety of sialendoscopy for sialolithiasis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:3053-3063. [PMID: 36781439 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-07877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sialendoscopy is a new, minimally invasive method that is becoming increasingly more popular than traditional methods for the treatment of sialolithiasis. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the effectiveness and safety of this method in children with sialolithiasis are investigated. METHODS Inclusion criteria were children with sialolithiasis. The information sources were databases MEDLINE and PubMed Central (through PubMed), ScienceDirect, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), citation indexes Scopus and Google Scholar, trial registries, and "gray literature". The last search was performed on September 18, 2022. The risk of bias in included studies was assessed using ROBINS-I tool (Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions). The pooled proportion of weighted means was calculated for the quantitative synthesis of available data. RESULTS The effectiveness of the method was estimated at 95.5% (95% CI 89.8-99.3%), from 13 studies including 133 cases. The safety was estimated at 97.2% (95% CI 91.8-100%), from 10 studies including 113 cases. CONCLUSION The limitations of this study, briefly summarized, are the small number of included studies, the fact that they are mostly retrospective, the difficult application of the guidelines suggested by the PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and Cochrane handbook due to the nature of this specific condition and intervention, and the difficulty in assessing reporting bias. The results of the current study indicate that sialendoscopy is an effective and safe method for the treatment of sialolithiasis in children and should be implemented in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Skalias
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, "G. Papanikolaou" General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Garefis
- 2nd Academic Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Markou
- 2nd Academic Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios Nikolaidis
- 2nd Academic Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Iordanis Konstantinidis
- 2nd Academic Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Abba M, Abramson A, Roitblat Y, Vaiman M. Topographic Positions of the Wharton's Duct Orifice in Children. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 80:1996-2002. [PMID: 36207007 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sialoendoscopic, orthodontic, and surgical interventions within the floor of the mouth require precise knowledge of the topography of the Wharton's duct orifices which is still lacking for the pediatric population. We aimed to establish a normative database for the topography of these orifices in children. METHODS The prospective cross-sectional analytic study was performed during January to December 2021. The distances between the mandible gonions and each orifice and the lingual frenulum were defined as primary outcome variables. The secondary outcome variables were the inter-position of the orifices and their location against the base of the tongue and the mandibular alveolar ridge. The segments of the cohort were classified by sex and age groups (4 to 7, 8 to 14, 15 to 17 years old) as the primary predictor variables. The data were evaluated by a 3-way ANOVA for analysis of selected distances with the level of significance at P ≤ .05. The correlation analysis between sex and locations of the orifices was performed using χ2 criterion (95% confidence interval) and r ≥ 0.60 was counted as a strong correlation. RESULTS The study involved 3,000 healthy children from 4 to 17 years of age. The orifices were symmetrical (89.3%), frenulum-independent (78.0%) openings that were usually located in the middle part of the floor of the mouth. The distance between the orifices varied from 0 mm in the frenulum-attached cases to 4.6 ± 1.8 mm for 4 to 7 years old, 7.6 ± 1.9 mm for 8 to 14 years old, and 9.1 ± 2.6 mm for 15 to 17 years old individuals. The orifices were attached to the frenulum (5.7%), were frenulum-related (16.3%), and frenulum-independent (78.0%). The sagittal asymmetry of the orifices was noted in 10.7%, and in 1.6% the lateral asymmetry was detected. No statistically significant sex-related differences were noted. CONCLUSION In the pediatric population, the Wharton's duct orifices are usually symmetrical frenulum-independent openings that are located in the middle part of the floor of the mouth. The distance between the orifices normatively varies according to sex and age. The size of the mandible does not influence the positions of the orifices. The position of the duct orifices must be established prior to submandibular sialoendoscopy, orthodontic interventions, frenotomy, and other oral surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Abba
- Attending Oral and Maxillofacial surgeon, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel.
| | - Alex Abramson
- Head, Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Yulia Roitblat
- Research Fellow, Science Research Department, Alexander Muss High School in Israel (AMHSI) affiliated with Alexander Muss Institute for Israel Education (AMIIE), Hod HaSharon, Israel; Multidisciplinary Social Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Michael Vaiman
- Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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De Vita S, Isola M, Baldini C, Goules AV, Chatzis LG, Quartuccio L, Zabotti A, Giovannini I, Donati V, Ferro F, Rizzo MT, Manfrè V, Pegolo E, Voulgarelis M, Zaja F, Fanin R, Masaoutis C, Rontogianni D, Fotiadis DI, Ponzoni M, Tzioufas AG. Predicting lymphoma in Sjögren's syndrome and the pathogenetic role of parotid microenvironment through precise parotid swelling recording. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 62:1586-1593. [PMID: 36063040 PMCID: PMC10072883 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parotid swelling (PSW) is a major predictor of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). However, since detailed information on the time of onset and duration of PSW is scarce, this was investigated to verify whether it may lead to further improved prediction. NHL localisation was concomitantly studied to evaluate the role of the parotid gland microenvironment in pSS-related lymphomagenesis. METHODS A multicentre study was conducted among patients with pSS who developed B cell NHL during follow-up and matched controls that did not develop NHL. The study focused on the history of salivary gland and lachrymal gland swelling, evaluated in detail at different times and for different durations, and on the localisation of NHL at onset. RESULTS PSW was significantly more frequent among the cases: at the time of first referred pSS symptoms before diagnosis, at diagnosis, and from pSS diagnosis to NHL. The duration of PSW was evaluated starting from pSS diagnosis, and the NHL risk increased from PSW of 2-12 months to > 12 months. NHL was prevalently localised in the parotid glands of the cases. CONCLUSION A more precise clinical recording of PSW can improve lymphoma prediction in pSS. PSW as a very early symptom is a predictor, and a longer duration of PSW is associated with a higher risk of NHL. Since lymphoma usually localises in the parotid glands, and not in the other salivary or lachrymal glands, the parotid microenvironment appears to be involved in the whole history of pSS and related lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore De Vita
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DAME), ASUFC, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Miriam Isola
- Institute of Statistics, Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Chiara Baldini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Andreas V Goules
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Institute for Autoimmune Systemic and Neurological Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Loukas G Chatzis
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Institute for Autoimmune Systemic and Neurological Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Luca Quartuccio
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DAME), ASUFC, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Alen Zabotti
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DAME), ASUFC, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Ivan Giovannini
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DAME), ASUFC, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Valentina Donati
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferro
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Rizzo
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DAME), ASUFC, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Valeria Manfrè
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine (DAME), ASUFC, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Enrico Pegolo
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, University Hospital of Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Michael Voulgarelis
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Institute for Autoimmune Systemic and Neurological Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Francesco Zaja
- Department of Hematology, DSM University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Renato Fanin
- Hematology and SCT Unit, Università di Udine, Azienda Sanitaria-Universitaria Integrata Santa Maria Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - Christos Masaoutis
- Department of Pathology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Rontogianni
- Department of Pathology, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios I Fotiadis
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GR, 45110, Greece.,Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-FORTH, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Pathology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Unit of Lymphoid Malignancies, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Athanasios G Tzioufas
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Institute for Autoimmune Systemic and Neurological Diseases, Athens, Greece
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Pediatric Sialendoscopy. CURRENT OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40136-022-00415-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
To describe the pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of sialadenitis as well as the indications for and outcomes of sialendoscopy in the pediatric population.
Recent Findings
Pediatric sialadenitis makes up a small proportion of all salivary gland disease. Acute viral sialadenitis and juvenile recurrent parotitis are the most common forms of the condition. Juvenile recurrent parotitis is thought to be multifactorial in etiology with infectious, behavioral, autoimmune, and structural contributions. Review of the current literature supports a potential benefit from sialendoscopy for children with recurrent acute or chronic sialadenitis. Sialendoscopy can provide both diagnostic and therapeutic benefits with very low associated risks. The most common sialendoscopy findings include intraductal sludge or debris, sialoliths, and ductal strictures.
Summary
In the select pediatric population, sialendoscopy is a safe and effective procedure with associated decreased rates of recurrent acute sialadenitis including juvenile recurrent parotitis.
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Chen T, Szwimer R, Daniel SJ. The changing landscape of pediatric salivary gland stones: A half-century systematic review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 159:111216. [PMID: 35777140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the evidence for pediatric sialolithiasis, including its demographic characteristics, diagnosis, and demonstrate the shift in its treatment paradigm. DESIGN A systematic review of sources from the Medline and Embase databases was conducted from inception to Dec 4, 2020. Two researchers independently extracted data and assessed quality. PATIENTS Patients under the age of 18 with sialolithiasis were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Study design, cohort size, age, sex, symptoms, stone characteristics, diagnostic modality and intervention were collected data points. RESULTS Forty-one studies with 243 patients were included in the review, of which 40 were case reports or series. Most stones were found in the submandibular gland (n = 210, 85.4%) and were single stones (n = 101, 71.1%). Average stone size was 7.7 mm. The most common diagnostic imaging modality used was ultrasound (n = 73, 47.4%), shifting from plain radiograph which was favoured in earlier years. Similarly, open gland excision was historically preferred, but since 2000, sialoendoscopy comprised 40.5% of all treatment modalities and continues to increase in prevalence, up to 52.1% by 2020. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was associated with the highest complication rate of 54.2%. CONCLUSIONS The pediatric sialolithiasis diagnostic and therapeutic landscape has changed with ultrasound replacing plain radiographs, and sialoendoscopy replacing submandibular gland excision. Further high-level quality evidence research is required to refine the indications, effectiveness, and safety of sialoendoscopy in pediatric sialolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rachel Szwimer
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sam J Daniel
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
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10
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[Medical examination: Preparation for ENT specialisation : Part 61]. HNO 2022; 70:630-634. [PMID: 35867113 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-022-01194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mustakim KR, Nguyen TTH, Eo MY, Kim SM. Histopathology and ultrastructural findings of pediatric sialolithiasis: a brief communication. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 48:125-129. [PMID: 35491145 PMCID: PMC9065641 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2022.48.2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialolithiasis is a condition in which the salivary gland excretory duct is obstructed due to the formation of calcareous deposits and is uncommon in children compared to adults. The treatment modalities range from a conservative approach involving hydration to a surgical approach. Though several studies have analyzed the sialolith micromorphology structures, studies on pediatric sialoliths remain scarce. This brief communication aims to describe the sialolith micromorphology to understand the mechanism of mineralization and growth of pediatric sialoliths. A 6-year-old Korean female presented with swelling under her tongue. The intraoral examination revealed a painless yellowish hard mass beneath the tongue near the Wharton’s duct which was suspected as a sialolith. After receiving the informed consent, the sialolithotomy was performed under local anesthesia. The obtained stone was analyzed through histopathology and transmission electron microscope examinations to understand the mechanism of mineralization and growth of pediatric sialolith. The micromorphology and growth processes of pediatric sialolith remain undescribed. More comprehensive microscopic studies are needed regarding their distinctive characteristics. By expanding knowledge about sialoliths micromorphology, development of new preventive, diagnostic and patient-tailored treatment methods of pediatric sialolithiasis will be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezia Rachellea Mustakim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Truc Thi Hoang Nguyen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Young Eo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soung Min Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Oral and Maxillofacial Microvascular Reconstruction LAB, Brong Ahafo Regional Hospital, Sunyani, Ghana
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Chafin JB, Bayazid L. Pediatric Salivary Gland Disease. Pediatr Clin North Am 2022; 69:363-380. [PMID: 35337545 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Salivary gland disease in the pediatric population is rare, yet it encompasses a wide spectrum of disease. It is estimated that 4.3% of salivary gland disease occurs in the pediatric population, with most classified as nonneoplastic. Further extrapolation reveals that 5% of salivary gland neoplastic diseases occur in patients younger than 20 years. Moreover, salivary gland tumors represent 1% of all head and neck tumors across all ages. Regardless, clinicians across all fields should be familiar with the workup of various pediatric salivary gland diseases and appropriate referral to a pediatric otolaryngologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Brett Chafin
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Nemours Children's Health System, 807 Childrens Way 4th Floor, Jacksonville, FL 32207, USA.
| | - Leith Bayazid
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, MDC 73, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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13
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Baldovsky MD. Mass on the Floor of the Mouth in a Teenager. Pediatr Rev 2022; 43:e9-e11. [PMID: 35229115 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2020-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Chalard F, Hermann AL, Elmaleh-Bergès M, Ducou le Pointe H. Imaging of parotid anomalies in infants and children. Insights Imaging 2022; 13:27. [PMID: 35201515 PMCID: PMC8873326 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-022-01166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide spectrum of disorders involves the parotid glands, in infancy and childhood. Acute or chronic inflammatory/infectious diseases are predominant. The first branchial cleft anomalies are congenital lesions that typically manifest during childhood. Tumor lesions are more likely to be benign, with infantile hemangioma the most common in infancy and pleomorphic adenoma the most frequent in childhood. Malignant tumors are uncommon, with mucoepidermoid carcinoma the least rare. Infiltrative parotid diseases are rare and have some pediatric clinical specificities. These common and uncommon disorders of parotid glands during childhood and their imaging characteristics are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Chalard
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, 26, Avenue du Dr. Arnold Netter, 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Anne-Laure Hermann
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, 26, Avenue du Dr. Arnold Netter, 75012, Paris, France
| | | | - Hubert Ducou le Pointe
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, 26, Avenue du Dr. Arnold Netter, 75012, Paris, France
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15
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Ho ML. Pediatric Neck Masses: Imaging Guidelines and Recommendations. Radiol Clin North Am 2021; 60:1-14. [PMID: 34836558 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neck masses commonly present in children and several potential diagnostic and management pathways exist, though with a paucity of evidence-based recommendations. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the current literature and utilization of various diagnostic imaging modalities , with a review of imaging features and management pearls for pediatric neck masses. A comprehensive understanding and practical imaging workflow will guide optimal patient workup and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai-Lan Ho
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, 700 Children's Drive - ED4, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
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16
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Lin B, Li R, Handley TN, Wade JD, Li W, O’Brien-Simpson NM. Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides Are Leading the Way to Combat Oropathogenic Infections. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2959-2970. [PMID: 34587737 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral dental infections are one of the most common diseases affecting humans, with caries and periodontal disease having the highest incidence. Caries and periodontal disease arise from infections caused by oral bacterial pathogens. Current misuse and overuse of antibiotic treatments have led to the development of antimicrobial resistance. However, recent studies have shown that cationic antimicrobial peptides are a promising family of antibacterial agents that are active against oral pathogenic bacteria and also possess less propensity for development of antimicrobial resistance. This timely Review has a focus on two primary subjects: (i) the oral bacterial pathogens associated with dental infections and (ii) the current development of antimicrobial peptides targeting oral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Lin
- The Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rong Li
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas N.G. Handley
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - John D. Wade
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Wenyi Li
- The Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- The Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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17
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Ronchi A, Montella M, Marra PM, Colella G, Franco R, Cozzolino I. Myoepithelial sialadenitis with metachromatic matrix: A diagnostic pitfall. A case of salivary gland swelling in a paediatric patient evaluated by fine needle aspiration cytology. Cytopathology 2020; 32:257-260. [PMID: 32931074 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is generally characterized by a high diagnostic accuracy in differentiating non-neoplastic/inflammatory lesions from neoplastic lesions of the salivary glands. Lymphoepithelial sialadenitis/myoepithelial sialadenitis is exceedingly rare in paediatric patients and is characterized by a diffuse, often bilateral, salivary gland enlargement and the differential diagnosis may sometimes be difficult. We report the case of a 10-year-old boy who presented with a swelling of the left parotid gland investigated by ultrasound salivary gland FNAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ronchi
- Division of Pathology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Montella
- Division of Pathology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Martina Marra
- Complex Operative Unit of Stomatological Surgery in Developmental Age, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colella
- Maxillo-Facial Unit, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialities, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Division of Pathology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Cozzolino
- Division of Pathology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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18
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D'Arco F, Ugga L. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric salivary gland diseases: a guide to the differential diagnosis. Pediatr Radiol 2020; 50:1293-1307. [PMID: 32556808 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Salivary gland pathologies in children are frequent, particularly viral infections, but rarely need cross-sectional imaging. However, when a mass involves the salivary spaces (primarily or as a secondary invasion from other neck spaces) it may pose problems in the differential diagnosis and in immediate management. Infrequently, systemic autoimmune diseases can also involve the salivary parenchyma in children and correctly interpreting the constellation of findings in the whole body is critical for the diagnosis. Distinguishing between cystic and solid masses is the first step for radiologists in order to narrow down the diagnosis. Location and spatial extension are the most important elements differentiating cystic masses, while signal characteristics, internal structure and local invasion help in the differential diagnosis of solid masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice D'Arco
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.
| | - Lorenzo Ugga
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences,, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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19
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Abstract
The differential diagnosis for facial swelling is broad and can be a diagnostic challenge in the pediatric emergency department. We describe the first pediatric case of acute parotitis with sialolithiasis where the diagnosis was facilitated by point-of-care ultrasound.
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20
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Eu D, Seng Loh K, Shyang Loh W. Efficacy of Sialendoscopy in the Management of Noncalculi-Related Sialadenitis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 78:943-948. [PMID: 32081692 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sialendoscopy has effectively changed the paradigm for the treatment of sialolithiasis. Its effect on noncalculi-related recurrent sialadenitis is, however, unclear, especially regarding the long-term outcomes. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the long-term efficacy of sialendoscopy for noncalculi-related recurrent sialadenitis and determine the clinical and intraoperative features that might be prognosticate outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a prospective cohort study of 33 consecutive patients who had undergone sialendoscopy for recurrent noncalculi-related sialadenitis by a single surgeon in a tertiary institution from January 2010 to December 2016. The patient-reported outcome measures were used as the primary determinant of treatment efficacy. The clinical features and endoscopic findings were evaluated as variables that might predict the treatment outcomes. The Fischer exact test was used to analyze the descriptive data, and a P value of < .05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS Of the 33 patients with recurrent noncalculi-related sialadenitis, 1 was lost to follow-up and thus excluded from the analysis. The mean and median follow-up period for the 32 patients was 27 and 21.5 months, respectively. Of the 33 patients, 28 (87.5%) reported symptom improvement, and 19 patients (59.4%) were symptom free after a single sialendoscopic treatment. The chronicity of symptoms, younger patient age, and concurrent autoimmune disease were predictive of recurrent symptoms despite sialendoscopy. CONCLUSIONS The use of sialendoscopy achieved sustained long-term improvements or resolution of symptoms for most patients with recurrent noncalculi-related sialadenitis. The data from our study support the benefits of sialendoscopy for patients with recurrent noncalculi-related sialadenitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan Eu
- Consultant, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Kwok Seng Loh
- Associate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National University Health System; and Associate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Woei Shyang Loh
- Associate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National University Health System; and Associate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore.
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21
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Vaduva C, Gómez JIT, Zaid DM, Rivera-Rodríguez T. [Acute infectious disease of otolaryngology focus]. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 12:5339-5351. [PMID: 32287913 PMCID: PMC7143590 DOI: 10.1016/j.med.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections are the most common cause of antibiotic prescription and one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in Primary Care. Among them, stand out acute media otitis and diffuse external otitis, acute pharyngitis and acute rhinosinusitis. Commonly they are viral and self-limited, so their complications are rare. Currently, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics have leaded to bacterial resistances; therefore antibiotic prescription should be more careful. Nowadays, several diagnostic strategies are available. In current updated etiological and pathophysiological factors of each infection, diagnostic and therapeutic strategy to be applied in Primary Care as well as the complications of each pathology and the referral indications to be assessed by specialists in the ENT area, will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vaduva
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - J I Tato Gómez
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - D Mora Zaid
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - T Rivera-Rodríguez
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
- Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (Ciber), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
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22
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Júnior VM, Netto R, Janini MER, Azevedo AB, de Andrade VM. Dystrophic calcification vs sialolithiasis in a pediactric parotid gland: A case report. J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 11:e496-e499. [PMID: 31275525 PMCID: PMC6599698 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcinosis is a connective tissue disorder characterized by ectopic calcification in soft tissues. It is subdivided into: dystrophic, metastatic, idiopathic and iatrogenic calcification. The formation of mineralized material in the salivary glands is a common finding in the daily practice of dentists and other specialists. In most cases, this calcification is a sialolith. However, a type of ectopic calcification termed dystrophic calcification is characterized by inappropriate biomineralization in soft tissues and may be associated with trauma, chronic and localized infection or inflammatory diseases. We report a case of a 9-year-old female patient who complained of small nodules in the left parotid region, which begun two years before. Her main complaint was of recurring periods of worsened symptoms characterized by the exacerbation and symptomatic remission of the gland volume with occasional otolaryngologic infections. This study aims to discuss ectopic dystrophic calcification in the parotid gland associated with recurrent infection in children.
Key words:Dystrophic calcification, salivary gland, pediatric pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdir-Meirelles Júnior
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Departamento de Patologia e Diagnóstico Oral - Serviço de Estomatologia - Av. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - 1o andar - Rio de Janeiro - Brazil
| | - Rafael Netto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Departamento de Patologia e Diagnóstico Oral - Serviço de Estomatologia - Av. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - 1o andar - Rio de Janeiro - Brazil
| | - Maria-Elisa-Rangel Janini
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Departamento de Patologia e Diagnóstico Oral - Serviço de Estomatologia - Av. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - 1o andar - Rio de Janeiro - Brazil
| | - Alexandro B Azevedo
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Departamento de Patologia e Diagnóstico Oral - Serviço de Estomatologia - Av. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - 1o andar - Rio de Janeiro - Brazil
| | - Vitor-Marcello de Andrade
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Departamento de Patologia e Diagnóstico Oral - Serviço de Estomatologia - Av. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - 1o andar - Rio de Janeiro - Brazil
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Buch K, Reinshagen KL, Juliano AF. MR Imaging Evaluation of Pediatric Neck Masses:. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2019; 27:173-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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24
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Abstract
The submandibular and sublingual salivary glands are major salivary glands with a wide spectrum of pathologic conditions. The corresponding spaces along the floor of mouth have complex anatomy, best evaluated with cross-sectional imaging. The spectrum of diseases in these regions varies from simple infection to advanced malignancy, not just from the gland itself but also from the surrounding structures. The most common abnormalities in these spaces are inflammatory and infectious, and computed tomography is currently the most common imaging modality used. The anatomy of these spaces is much better depicted with MR; however, all the modalities have their unique roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Agarwal
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Sangam G Kanekar
- Department of Radiology, Penn State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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25
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Yuhan BT, Svider PF, Mutchnick S, Sheyn A. Benign and Malignant Oral Lesions in Children and Adolescents: An Organized Approach to Diagnosis and Management. Pediatr Clin North Am 2018; 65:1033-1050. [PMID: 30213347 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral lesions in children encompass a wide range of etiologies, including idiopathic entities as well as those related to an underlying systemic illness. In addition, oral masses include benign entities harboring locally destructive behavior and even malignancies in rare cases. Thorough patient history and detailed and efficient physical examination are critical for determining which lesions can be closely observed versus those require further diagnostic work-up. Understanding normal oral cavity anatomy is crucial for performing appropriate evaluation. This review describes the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for oral cavity lesions and reviews the broad differential diagnosis of oral cavity masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Yuhan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4201 Street Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Peter F Svider
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4201 Street Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Sean Mutchnick
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4201 Street Antoine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Anthony Sheyn
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 910 Madison Avenue, Suite 420, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, LeBonheur Children's Hospital, 848 Adams Avenue, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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26
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Capaccio P, Canzi P, Gaffuri M, Occhini A, Benazzo M, Ottaviani F, Pignataro L. Modern management of paediatric obstructive salivary disorders: long-term clinical experience. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA 2018; 37:160-167. [PMID: 28516980 PMCID: PMC5463525 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological improvements in head and neck field have changed diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for salivary disorders. Diagnosis is now based on colour Doppler ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance (MR) sialography and cone beam 3D computed tomography (CT), and extra- and intracorporeal lithotripsy, interventional sialendscopy and sialendoscopy-assisted surgery are used as minimally invasive, conservative procedures for functional preservation of the affected gland. We evaluated the results of our long-term experience in the management of paediatric obstructive salivary disorders. The study involved a consecutive series of 66 children (38 females) whose obstructive salivary symptoms caused by juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP) (n = 32), stones (n = 20), ranula (n = 9) and ductal stenosis (n = 5). 45 patients underwent interventional sialendoscopy for JRP, stones and stenoses, 12 a cycle of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), three sialendoscopy-assisted transoral surgery, one drainage, six marsupialisation, and two suturing of a ranula. Three children underwent combined ESWL and interventional sialendoscopy, and seven a secondary procedure. An overall successful result was obtained in 90.9% of cases. None of the patients underwent traditional invasive sialadenectomy notwithstanding persistence of mild obstructive symptoms in six patients. No major complications were observed. Using a diagnostic work-up based on colour Doppler US, MR sialography and cone beam 3D TC, children with obstructive salivary disorders can be effectively treated in a modern minimally-invasive manner by extracorporeal and intracorporeal lithotripsy, interventional sialendoscopy and sialendoscopy-assisted transoral surgery; this approach guarantees a successful result in most patients, thus avoiding the need for invasive sialadenectomy while functionally preserving the gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Capaccio
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P Canzi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Gaffuri
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - A Occhini
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Benazzo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Ottaviani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano Ospedale Fatebenefratelli San Giuseppe, Milano
| | - L Pignataro
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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27
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Friedman E, Patiño MO, Udayasankar UK. Imaging of Pediatric Salivary Glands. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2018; 28:209-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Dar-Odeh N, Fadel HT, Abu-Hammad S, Abdeljawad R, Abu-Hammad OA. Antibiotic Prescribing for Oro-Facial Infections in the Paediatric Outpatient: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2018; 7:antibiotics7020038. [PMID: 29693642 PMCID: PMC6022866 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many reports on the complications associated with antibiotics abuse during the treatment of paediatric patients, particularly those related to antimicrobial resistance. The dental profession is no exception; there is growing evidence that dental practitioners are misusing antibiotics in the treatment of their paediatric patients. This review is directed to dental practitioners who provide oral healthcare to children. It is also directed to medical practitioners, particularly those working in emergency departments and encountering children with acute orofacial infections. A systematic search of literature was conducted to explore the clinical indications and recommended antibiotic regimens for orofacial infections in paediatric outpatients. The main indications included cellulitis, aggressive periodontitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, and pericoronitis. Amoxicillin was found to be the most commonly recommended antibiotic for short durations of 3–5 days, with metronidazole or azithromycin being the alternative antibiotics in penicillin-sensitive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Dar-Odeh
- Dental College & Hospital, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 42353, Saudi Arabia.
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Hani T Fadel
- Dental College & Hospital, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 42353, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Rua'a Abdeljawad
- Department of Pediatrics, Ibn Alhaitham Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan.
| | - Osama A Abu-Hammad
- Dental College & Hospital, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 42353, Saudi Arabia.
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
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29
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Abdel Razek AAK, Mukherji S. Imaging of sialadenitis. Neuroradiol J 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1971400916682752 and 67=89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialadenitis is an inflammation or infection of the salivary glands that may affect the parotid, submandibular and small salivary glands. Imaging findings vary among unilateral or bilateral salivary gland enlargement, atrophy, abscess, ductal dilation, cysts, stones and calcification. Imaging can detect abscess in acute bacterial suppurative sialadenitis, ductal changes with cysts in chronic adult and juvenile recurrent parotitis. Imaging is sensitive for detection of salivary stones and stricture in obstructive sialadenitis. Immunoglobulin G4-sialadenitis appears as bilateral submandibular gland enlargement. Imaging is helpful in staging and surveillance of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Correlation of imaging findings with clinical presentation can aid diagnosis of granulomatous sialadenitis. Post-treatment sialadenitis can occur after radiotherapy, radioactive iodine or surgery.
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30
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Abstract
Sialadenitis is an inflammation or infection of the salivary glands that may affect the parotid, submandibular and small salivary glands. Imaging findings vary among unilateral or bilateral salivary gland enlargement, atrophy, abscess, ductal dilation, cysts, stones and calcification. Imaging can detect abscess in acute bacterial suppurative sialadenitis, ductal changes with cysts in chronic adult and juvenile recurrent parotitis. Imaging is sensitive for detection of salivary stones and stricture in obstructive sialadenitis. Immunoglobulin G4-sialadenitis appears as bilateral submandibular gland enlargement. Imaging is helpful in staging and surveillance of patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Correlation of imaging findings with clinical presentation can aid diagnosis of granulomatous sialadenitis. Post-treatment sialadenitis can occur after radiotherapy, radioactive iodine or surgery.
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31
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Abdel Razek AAK, Mukherji S. Imaging of sialadenitis. Neuroradiol J 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1971400916682752 and 21=21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialadenitis is an inflammation or infection of the salivary glands that may affect the parotid, submandibular and small salivary glands. Imaging findings vary among unilateral or bilateral salivary gland enlargement, atrophy, abscess, ductal dilation, cysts, stones and calcification. Imaging can detect abscess in acute bacterial suppurative sialadenitis, ductal changes with cysts in chronic adult and juvenile recurrent parotitis. Imaging is sensitive for detection of salivary stones and stricture in obstructive sialadenitis. Immunoglobulin G4-sialadenitis appears as bilateral submandibular gland enlargement. Imaging is helpful in staging and surveillance of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Correlation of imaging findings with clinical presentation can aid diagnosis of granulomatous sialadenitis. Post-treatment sialadenitis can occur after radiotherapy, radioactive iodine or surgery.
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33
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Bannister M, Chowdhury MM, Sharma A. Radiologically-guided balloon sialoplasty for treatment of salivary duct stricture: A novel technique in young children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 88:22-4. [PMID: 27497380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe our experience using radiologically-guided balloon sialoplasty to successfully treat sialadenitis in two children as a single modality intervention. METHODS A retrospective case series. RESULTS Both children were successfully treated using balloon sialoplasty with complete and lasting resolution of their symptoms. CONCLUSION Paediatric sialadenitis secondary to salivary strictures are traditionally managed surgically. We believe that this is the first article to describe this intervention in such a series of children and that balloon sialoplasty is a safe technique and can be repeated as necessary, which should be considered as a management option in such paediatric cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Bannister
- Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children Edinburgh, 9 Sciennes, Edinburgh, EH9 1LF, United Kingdom.
| | - Moti M Chowdhury
- Department of Radiology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children Edinburgh, 9 Sciennes, Edinburgh, EH9 1LF, United Kingdom
| | - Alok Sharma
- Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children Edinburgh, 9 Sciennes, Edinburgh, EH9 1LF, United Kingdom
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34
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Management of the Salivary Glands and Facial Nerve in Face Transplantation. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 137:1887-1897. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000002179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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35
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[Neonatal acute suppurative submandibular sialadenitis. Literature reports from 1950-2015]. BOLETIN MEDICO DEL HOSPITAL INFANTIL DE MEXICO 2016; 73:302-308. [PMID: 29384122 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmhimx.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Submandibular salivary gland infections are uncommon. For this reason, neonatal acute suppurative submandibular sialadenitis non-coincident with parotitis is considered as a rare entity. The aim of this work was to verify if there have been changes in the clinical and microbiological aspects of this infection from its first descriptions. METHODS A review of the international literature from different sources was performed from the earliest reports until April, 2016, in order to collect all the cases reported with this infection up to the present date. RESULTS We found 39 neonate patients reported in 30 articles for this review. Most articles came from the United States of America and Europe, whereas in Latin America there was only one case declared in Cuba. Some of the clinical aspects of the presentation and evolution of this infection in the reported patients are described. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal acute suppurative submandibular sialadenitis is an uncommon infection that presents similar clinical features through the years. As microbiological feature, this infection is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus, although some methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus have been implicated during the last 16 years. In general, it presents a satisfactory evolution with an early and appropriate antibiotic treatment.
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