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Panyaping T, Tepkidakarn N, Kiatthanabumrung S, Wattanatranon D, Tritanon O. Usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficient values for distinguishing between squamous cell carcinoma and malignant salivary gland tumor of the head and neck. Neuroradiol J 2023; 36:548-554. [PMID: 36898679 PMCID: PMC10569202 DOI: 10.1177/19714009231163561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for differentiating between SCC and malignant salivary gland tumors of the head and neck. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 29 patients with SCCs and 10 patients with malignant salivary gland tumors who underwent pretreatment MRI of the head and neck. The minimum and average ADC values of the tumors were measured, with normalized tumor to spinal cord ADC ratios generated. Comparisons of ADC values and normalized ADC ratios between the two tumor types were performed using the unpaired t-test. RESULTS The minimum and average ADC values and normalized average ADC ratios of SCCs (753.17 ± 214.47 × 10-6 mm2/s, 848.79 ± 250.13 × 10-6 mm2/s, and 0.92 ± 0.25, respectively) were significantly lower than those of malignant salivary gland tumors (1084.90 ± 242.60 × 10-6 mm2/s, 1305.90 ± 270.99 × 10-6 mm2/s, and 1.58 ± 0.31, respectively; all p < 0.001). A cutoff value of 1.31 for the normalized average ADC ratio was used to distinguish between SCCs and malignant salivary gland tumors and achieved an area under the curve of 0.93, sensitivity of 96.6%, specificity of 90%, and accuracy of 94.6%. CONCLUSION ADC value measurement could help differentiate between SCCs and malignant salivary gland tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theeraphol Panyaping
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Thailand
| | - Nawanwat Tepkidakarn
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Thailand
| | - Sivaporn Kiatthanabumrung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Thailand
| | - Duangkamon Wattanatranon
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Thailand
| | - Oranan Tritanon
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Thailand
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Jaiswal AS, Bollu S, Budhiraja S, Kaushal S, Sikka K, Thakar A, Verma H. Perineural Invasion of Superior and Inferior Laryngeal Nerves in Advanced Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx: A Case Series and Review. Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 61:20-24. [PMID: 37583977 PMCID: PMC10424581 DOI: 10.4274/tao.2023.2023-2-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate bilateral superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves for tumor spread in patients of advanced-stage laryngeal carcinoma undergoing surgical resection. Methods A prospective study was conducted including biopsy-proven cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that were planned for total laryngectomy. Patients with metachronous or synchronous SCC were excluded from the study. All patients underwent total laryngectomy, where both superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves were harvested along with the specimen, and the proximal ends of the nerves were marked for reference. Perineural invasion (PNI) was assessed in nerves within the tumor and in bilateral extra-laryngeal nerves. Results The study included 22 patients with a mean age of 58 years. Intra-tumoral PNI was found in 7 of the 22 cases (32%). The free nerve margins of superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves, which were examined from proximal to distal orientation, showed no tumor infiltration in any of the cases. Conclusion Perineural invasion of minor nerves constitutes a major pathway of spread. On the contrary, invasion of superior or recurrent laryngeal nerves does not constitute a route for tumor spread. Hence, there is no need to extend the surgical boundary for total laryngectomy to include these major nerves separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Shekhar Jaiswal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumanth Bollu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shilpi Budhiraja
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kaushal
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kapil Sikka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Thakar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Hitesh Verma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Shin HI, Bang JI, Kim GJ, Sun DI, Kim SY. Perineural Invasion Predicts Local Recurrence and Poor Survival in Laryngeal Cancer. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020449. [PMID: 36675378 PMCID: PMC9864268 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Perineural invasion (PNI) in head and neck cancer is associated with a poor prognosis; however, the effect of PNI on the prognosis of laryngeal cancer remains under debate. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the effect of PNI in fresh or salvaged larynges on survival in patients who had undergone laryngectomy for squamous cell carcinoma. (2) Methods: This study enrolled 240 patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer who had undergone open surgery at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Korea. The effects of PNI, other histopathologic factors, and treatment history on survival and recurrence patterns were assessed. (3) Results: PNI was observed in 30 of 240 patients (12.5%). PNI (HR: 3.05; 95% CI: 1.90-4.88; p = 0.01) was a significant predictor of poor 5-year disease-free survival. In fresh cases, preepiglottic invasion (HR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.45-3.88; p = 0.01) and PNI (HR: 2.96; 95% CI: 1.62-2.96; p = 0.01) were negative prognostic factors for 5-year disease-free survival. In the salvage group, however, only PNI (HR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.26-5.92; p = 0.01) was a significant predictor of disease-free survival. Further, PNI significantly influenced high local recurrence (HR: 5.02, 95% CI: 1.28-9.66; p = 0.02). (4) Conclusions: Independent of treatment history, PNI is a prognostic factor for poor survival and local recurrence in laryngeal cancer.
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Galli J, Di Cintio G, Settimi S, Salvati A, Parrilla C, Almadori G, Paludetti G. Elective Neck Dissection during Salvage Total Laryngectomy: Personal Experience. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051438. [PMID: 35268528 PMCID: PMC8911131 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of elective neck dissection during salvage surgery in patients with a clinically negative neck (cN0) is still discussed. The main objective of this work was to estimate the prevalence and predictive factors of occult neck nodes metastasis; we therefore aimed to evaluate the survival rate and the main oncologic outcomes of cN0 patients who underwent salvage total laryngectomy and elective bilateral neck dissection. In this retrospective observational study, we enrolled 80 cN0 patients affected by recurrent laryngeal cancer and who underwent salvage total laryngectomy and bilateral selective elective neck dissection. Several parameters were collected in order to find prognostic factors; finally, postoperative complications were reviewed and survival analysis was performed. Occult lymph node metastases were reported in 18 out of 80 patients (22.5%). Significant statistical correlation between lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.007), perineural invasion (p = 0.025) and occult nodal metastasis was found. Other variables (glottic subsite of recurrence, clinical T, pathological T, previous chemotherapy) were not significantly predictive of occult nodal metastasis. The 5-year OS, DSS, and RFS were 50.4%, 64.7%, and 63.4%, respectively. In conclusion, our single-institution data on a large cohort of patients, suggest performing routinely elective selective bilateral neck dissection during salvage total laryngectomy in cN0 patients due to the biological attitude of the tumor to spread to cervical nodes, considering an acceptable complications rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Galli
- Unit of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, “A. Gemelli” Hospital Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (C.P.); (G.A.); (G.P.)
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Cintio
- Unit of Otolaryngology, “Nuovo Ospedale Degli Infermi”, 13875 Ponderano, Italy;
| | - Stefano Settimi
- Unit of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, “A. Gemelli” Hospital Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (C.P.); (G.A.); (G.P.)
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-30154149
| | - Antonio Salvati
- Airway Surgery Unit, Pediatric Surgery Department, “Bambino Gesù” Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Claudio Parrilla
- Unit of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, “A. Gemelli” Hospital Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (C.P.); (G.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Giovanni Almadori
- Unit of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, “A. Gemelli” Hospital Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (C.P.); (G.A.); (G.P.)
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Paludetti
- Unit of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, “A. Gemelli” Hospital Foundation IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (J.G.); (C.P.); (G.A.); (G.P.)
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Quintana DMVO, Dedivitis RA, Kowalski LP. Prognostic impact of perineural invasion in oral cancer: a systematic review. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA : ORGANO UFFICIALE DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI OTORINOLARINGOLOGIA E CHIRURGIA CERVICO-FACCIALE 2022; 42:17-25. [PMID: 35292785 PMCID: PMC9058930 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-n1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Numerous studies have evaluated the prognostic significance of perineural invasion (PNI) in oral cancer; however, the results are inconclusive. Purpose To identify the prognostic value of PNI in oral cancer through a metanalysis. Methods A literature review was carried out, searching the MedLine databases via Pubmed, Scielo, Lilacs, Cochrane and Websco. Results A total of 56 studies were included. The results indicate that PNI in oral cancer has an incidence of 28% (95% confidence interval (CI) 24-31%); 5-year survival with relative risk (RR) 0.67 (0.59-0.75); 5-year disease-free survival RR 0.71 (0.68-0.75); locoregional recurrence with RR 2.09 (1.86-2.35). Conclusions PNI is a negative prognostic factor in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rogerio Aparecido Dedivitis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Head of the Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kim D, Kim N, Koh S, Chung MK, Son YI, Oh D, Jeong HS, Ahn YC. Oncological and Functional Outcomes of Larynx-preserving Surgery for Hypopharyngeal Cancer: A Comparison with Definitive Radiation-based Treatment. Cancer Res Treat 2021; 54:84-95. [PMID: 33781050 PMCID: PMC8756124 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2020.1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Larynx-preserving surgery (LPS) have recently gained popularity and achieved comparable oncologic outcomes to conventional radical surgery for localized hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC). In the current study, the role of LPS has been assessed thoroughly in comparison with upfront radiation therapy (RT). Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 185 candidates for LPS with cT1–2 disease; 59 patients underwent upfront LPS while 126 patients received upfront RT, respectively. Oncological and functional outcomes were investigated and compared. Results Following LPS, safe margin (≥ 5 mm) was achieved in 37.3% of patients. Overall, better clinical outcomes at 5 years were achieved following upfront LPS than those following upfront RT: overall survival (OS) (72.7% vs. 59.0%, p=0.045), disease-free survival (DFS) (59.8% vs. 45.0%, p=0.039), and functional laryngeal preservation (100% vs. 89.7%, p=0.010). Although similar outcomes were observed in patients with cT1 disease, better 5-year DFS was achieved following upfront LPS in patients with cT2 disease (57.0% vs. 36.4%, p=0.023) by virtue of better local control. Despite frequent cN2–3 disease in upfront LPS group, comparable outcomes were observed between upfront RT and LPS group. However, multivariable analyses revealed that performance status and double primary cancer diagnosed within 6 months of HPC diagnosis affected OS significantly, while treatment modality per se did not. Conclusion Although upfront LPS could provide better local control than upfront RT in patients with cT2 disease, overall outcomes were comparable following either modality. Treatment selection of larynx-preserving approach for HPC should be individualized based on tumor and patient factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyeok Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nalee Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungmin Koh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Ki Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ik Son
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongryul Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Sin Jeong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Chan Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Shin J, Lee J, Hwang N, Choi SY, Park W, Choi N, Son YI, Cho J, Jeong HS. Tumor dimension-dependent microscopic extensions of hypopharyngeal cancer: Therapeutic implications for larynx-preserving hypopharyngectomy. J Surg Oncol 2021; 123:872-880. [PMID: 33497489 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC) is well characterized by the early submucosal spread of cancer cells into adjacent subsites of the hypopharynx and deep tissues, advocating a wide extent of treatment. However, the microscopic extensions (ME) from gross tumors, according to the primary tumor dimensions, has not been reported in detail. METHODS We included patients who underwent upfront curative surgery, and retrospectively reviewed pathology specimens from 45 HPC cases. The distance of the MEs, defined as tumor infiltration beyond the gross tumor border on the submucosal and deep sides, was measured. We analyzed potential correlations between MEs and various physical tumor factors. RESULTS A rough linear correlation between the submucosal ME and the maximal diameter of tumors was found (p < .001, r2 = 0.225). Deep MEs did not correlate with tumor physical factors. However, the MEs differed significantly by the T status (p = .033 and .015 in submucosal and deep sides). In T1-2 tumors, the submucosal MEs were less than 0.5 cm, whereas those of T3-4 tumors were 1.5-2.0 cm. CONCLUSION In HPC, local MEs beyond the gross tumor border correlated with primary tumor T status. Our findings support that the surgical safety margin for HPC can be adjusted according to tumor dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joongbo Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Lee
- Department of Pathology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoung Hwang
- Biostatistics and Future Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Korea
| | - Sung Yong Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woori Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayeon Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ik Son
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junhun Cho
- Department of Pathology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Sin Jeong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Belli S, Yıldırım M, Kaya FE, Bilece T, Oktay MF. How do histopathologIcal fIndIngs affect cervical lymph metastasis in laryngeal cancer? A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY AND LITERATURE REVIEW. ENT UPDATES 2019. [DOI: 10.32448/entupdates.536842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Del Bon F, Piazza C, Lancini D, Paderno A, Bosio P, Taboni S, Morello R, Montalto N, Missale F, Incandela F, Marchi F, Filauro M, Deganello A, Peretti G, Nicolai P. Open Partial Horizontal Laryngectomies for T3⁻T4 Laryngeal Cancer: Prognostic Impact of Anterior vs. Posterior Laryngeal Compartmentalization. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030289. [PMID: 30832209 PMCID: PMC6468624 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Open partial horizontal laryngectomies (OPHLs) are well-established and oncologically safe procedures for intermediate–advanced laryngeal cancers (LC). T–N categories are well-known prognosticators: herein we tested if “anterior” vs. “posterior” tumor location (as defined in respect to the paraglottic space divided according to a plane passing through the arytenoid vocal process, perpendicular to the ipsilateral thyroid lamina) may represent an additional prognostic factor. We analyzed a retrospective cohort of 85 T3–4a glottic LCs, treated by Type II or III OPHL (according to the European Laryngological Society classification) from 2005 to 2017 at two academic institutions. Five-year overall survival (OS), disease-specific survivals (DSS), and recurrence-free survivals (RFS) were compared according to tumor location and pT category. Anterior and posterior tumors were 43.5% and 56.5%, respectively, 78.8% of lesions were T3 and 21.2% were T4a. Five-year OS, DSS, and RFS for T3 were 74.1%, 80.5%, and 63.4%, respectively, and for T4a 71.8%, 71.8%, and 43%, respectively (p not significant). In relation to tumor location, the survival outcomes were 91%, 94.1%, and 72.6%, respectively, for anterior tumors, and 60.3%, 66.3%, and 49.1%, respectively, for posterior lesions (statistically significant differences). These data provide evidence that laryngeal compartmentalization is a valid prognosticator, even more powerful than the pT category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Del Bon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Cesare Piazza
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Maxillofacial and Thyroid Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS, National Cancer Institute of Milan, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Davide Lancini
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Alberto Paderno
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Paolo Bosio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Taboni
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Morello
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Nausica Montalto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Francesco Missale
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Genoa-IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Fabiola Incandela
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Maxillofacial and Thyroid Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS, National Cancer Institute of Milan, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Filippo Marchi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Genoa-IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Marta Filauro
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Genoa-IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alberto Deganello
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Peretti
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Genoa-IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Piero Nicolai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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Lee H, Lazor JW, Assadsangabi R, Shah J. An Imager’s Guide to Perineural Tumor Spread in Head and Neck Cancers: Radiologic Footprints on 18F-FDG PET, with CT and MRI Correlates. J Nucl Med 2018; 60:304-311. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.214312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Cortactin as a potential predictor of second esophageal neoplasia in hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Auris Nasus Larynx 2018; 46:260-266. [PMID: 30107961 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypopharyngeal carcinoma has a very poor prognosis. The high incidence of second esophageal neoplasia is one of the major causes. To establish an efficient follow-up scheme for increasing the diagnostic yield and reducing the adverse impact of second esophageal neoplasia on survival, the purpose of this study was to explore a biomarker to predict second esophageal neoplasia. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, consecutive tissue specimens from those patients who underwent tumor resection between September 2007 and October 2015 were collected. Gene amplification was performed by real-time PCR. The expression of cortactin was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The predictive risk factors of developing second esophageal neoplasia and prognostic factors related to survival were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 187 patients were included with a mean follow-up of 48months (12-118months). Second esophageal tumors were found in 53 (28.3%), including 41 (21.9%) esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 12 severe dysplasia. The results of multivariate analyses revealed that age (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.16-6.78), cortactin overexpression (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.17-5.33), and stage IV versus I (OR 6.49, 95% CI 1.68-25.18) were independent predictors of second esophageal neoplasia, and second esophageal neoplasia (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.05-3.01) was an independent predictor of overall survival. CONCLUSION This is the first report to identify a potential biomarker for predicting second esophageal neoplasia in patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma. In those patients with cortactin overexpression and younger age (≤60years old), close surveillance for second esophageal neoplasia is required. In addition, the real effect of cortactin overexpression on development of primary esophageal carcinoma is required to be validated in a large cohort study.
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Rodrigues J, Breda E, Monteiro E. Surgically-Treated Locoregionally Advanced Hypopharyngeal Cancer: Outcomes. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 22:443-448. [PMID: 30357103 PMCID: PMC6197975 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Hypopharyngeal tumors are head and neck malignancies associated with a great mortality rate, and the treatment of advanced lesions constitutes a challenging problem. Pharyngolaryngectomy continues to be the gold standard treatment modality for locally-advanced diseases, and it is currently used as the primary treatment or in cases of relapse after an organ preservation strategy.
Objective
This study aims to compare the survival rates of patients with advanced hypopharyngeal tumors treated with pharyngolaryngectomy as a primary or salvage option, and identify possible prognostic factors.
Methods
All patients with advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas who performed pharyngolaryngectomy between 2007 and 2014 were reviewed retrospectively.
Results
A total of 87 patients fulfilled the aforementioned criteria, and the sample had a mean age of 57.2 years and a male predominance of 43:1. The tumors were located in the pyriform sinus walls (81 tumors), in the posterior pharyngeal wall (4 tumors) and in the postcricoid region (2 tumors). A total of 60 patients underwent surgery as the primary treatment option, and 27 were submitted to salvage pharyngolaryngectomy after a previous treatment with chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy. The 5-year overall survival was of 25.9%, the 5-year disease-free survival was of 24.2%, and the disease-specific survival was of 29.5%.
Conclusion
The patients treated with pharyngolaryngectomy as the primary option revealed a better 5-year-disease free survival than the patients who underwent the salvage surgery (35.8% versus 11.7% respectively;
p
< 0.05). The histopathological criteria of capsular rupture of the lymph nodes (30.1% versus 19.8% respectively for the primary and salvage groups;
p
< 0.05) and vascular invasion (30.5% versus 22.5% respectively;
p
< 0.05) reduced the 5-year disease-free survival. Pharyngolaryngectomy as the primary intent revealed a lower local recurrence rate than the salvage surgery (40.6% versus 83.3% respectively;
p
< 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rodrigues
- Department of Otorhinolaringology, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira Guimarães EPE, Creixomil, Guimarães, Portugal.,Department of Anatomy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Breda
- Department of Otorhinolaringology, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eurico Monteiro
- Department of Otorhinolaringology, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil EPE, Porto, Portugal
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13
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Fletcher KT, Gal TJ, Ebelhar AJ, Valentino J, Brill YM, Dressler EV, Aouad RK. Prognostic indicators and survival in salvage surgery for laryngeal cancer. Head Neck 2017; 39:2021-2026. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T. Fletcher
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Kentucky Medical Center; Lexington Kentucky
| | - Thomas J. Gal
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Kentucky Medical Center; Lexington Kentucky
| | - Andrew J. Ebelhar
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Kentucky Medical Center; Lexington Kentucky
| | - Joseph Valentino
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Kentucky Medical Center; Lexington Kentucky
| | - Yolanda M. Brill
- Department of Pathology; University of Kentucky Medical Center; Lexington Kentucky
| | - Emily V. Dressler
- Division of Cancer Biostatistics; University of Kentucky Medical Center; Lexington Kentucky
| | - Rony K. Aouad
- Department of Otolaryngology; University of Kentucky Medical Center; Lexington Kentucky
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14
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Saito Y, Omura G, Yasuhara K, Rikitake R, Akashi K, Fukuoka O, Yoshida M, Ando M, Asakage T, Yamasoba T. Prognostic value of lymphovascular invasion of the primary tumor in hypopharyngeal carcinoma after total laryngopharyngectomy. Head Neck 2017; 39:1535-1543. [PMID: 28580699 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to determinate the prognostic value of lymphovascular invasion in the specimens resected during total laryngopharyngectomy for hypopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS Patients who underwent total laryngopharyngectomy at our institution between 2004 and 2014 were included in this study and retrospectively analyzed. We then discriminated for vascular invasion and lymphatic invasion of the primary tumor in all cases. RESULTS We reviewed 135 records (120 men and 15 women; age range, 36-84 years). Tumors with lymphatic invasion tended to be associated with more metastatic lymph nodes and extracapsular spread (ECS) of metastatic lymph nodes. Tumors with vascular invasion tended to be associated with nonpyriform sinus locations. In a multivariate analysis, nonpyriform sinus locations, >3 metastatic lymph nodes, and vascular invasion remained significant prognostic factors for overall survival (OS); in recursive partitioning analysis, ECS and vascular invasion remained important categorical variables for OS. CONCLUSION Vascular invasion is a strong prognostic biomarker for advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 1535-1543, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Saito
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Go Omura
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yasuhara
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Rikitake
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Akashi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Fukuoka
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yoshida
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuo Ando
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Asakage
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Sindhu K, Armstrong W, Hasso A, Farzaneh T, Daroui P. Recurrent squamous cell carcinoma involving cranial nerves in a patient with left glottic carcinoma treated with definitive radiation therapy: A case report. Pract Radiat Oncol 2017; 7:100-102. [PMID: 28274392 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Sindhu
- Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - William Armstrong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Anton Hasso
- Department of Radiology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Ted Farzaneh
- Department of Pathology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Parima Daroui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange, California.
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16
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MESOLELLA MASSIMO, IORIO BRIGIDA, MISSO GABRIELLA, LUCE AMALIA, CIMMINO MARIANO, IENGO MAURIZIO, LANDI MARIO, SPERLONGANO PASQUALE, CARAGLIA MICHELE, RICCIARDIELLO FILIPPO. Role of perineural invasion as a prognostic factor in laryngeal cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2595-2598. [PMID: 27073523 PMCID: PMC4812306 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The diffusion of laryngeal cancer cells in the perineural space is a parameter associated with a negative prognosis, high loco-regional recurrence and low disease-free survival rates. The spread of tumor cells on the perineural sheath highlights the histopathological and clinically aggressive behavior of this type of tumor, which may extend proximally or distally in the nerve for >10 cm. Therefore, the surgical resection margin is generally insufficient to treat patients with laryngeal cancer presenting with perineural invasion (PNI) with surgery alone. In PNI, the minor laryngeal nerves are frequently involved, rather than the superior and inferior laryngeal nerves. The aim of the present study was: i) To evaluate the prognostic importance of PNI; ii) to correlate the rate of infiltration with factors associated with the tumor, including histotype, site and tumor-node-metastasis stage, and with the type of surgery (total or partial laryngectomy); and iii) to evaluate the rate of disease-free survival according to the outcome of combined surgery and radiotherapy (RT) treatment, by means of retrospective analysis. The results of the present study highlighted the importance of performing a closer clinical and instrumental follow-up in patients with laryngeal cancer whose histopathological examination is positive for PNI. In such cases, it is important to complement the surgical therapeutic treatment with adjuvant RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- MASSIMO MESOLELLA
- Department of Neurosciences, Ear, Nose and Throat Section, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples I-80138, Italy
| | - BRIGIDA IORIO
- Department of Neurosciences, Ear, Nose and Throat Section, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples I-80138, Italy
| | - GABRIELLA MISSO
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples I-80138, Italy
| | - AMALIA LUCE
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples I-80138, Italy
| | - MARIANO CIMMINO
- Department of Neurosciences, Ear, Nose and Throat Section, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples I-80138, Italy
| | - MAURIZIO IENGO
- Department of Neurosciences, Ear, Nose and Throat Section, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples I-80138, Italy
| | - MARIO LANDI
- Department of Neurosciences, Ear, Nose and Throat Section, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples I-80138, Italy
| | - PASQUALE SPERLONGANO
- Unit of General and Geriatric Surgery, School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples I-80137, Italy
| | - MICHELE CARAGLIA
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples I-80138, Italy
| | - FILIPPO RICCIARDIELLO
- Department of Neurosciences, Ear, Nose and Throat Section, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Naples I-80138, Italy
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17
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Khoueir N, Matar N, Farah C, Francis E, Tabchy B, Haddad A. Survival of T4aN0 and T3N+ laryngeal cancer patients: a retrospective institutional study and systematic review. Am J Otolaryngol 2015; 36:755-62. [PMID: 26545467 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to assess the correlation of tumor and nodal staging to survival in pT3N+ and T4aN0 laryngeal cancer with subgroup analysis within stage IVa (pT4N0 and pT3N2). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study with systematic review of the literature. SETTING Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital (tertiary referral center). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Laryngeal cancer patients' registries were reviewed from 1998 to 2012 selecting pT3N+ and pT4aN0 patients treated by primary total layngectomy. Overall survivals were compared using Log rank and Kaplan-Meier analysis. A systematic review was performed by 2 reviewers including all the articles reporting the outcome of these categories of patients. Online databases, including PubMed and EMBASE, were used. Reference sections of identified studies were examined for additional articles. RESULTS Thirteen T3N+ patients and 19 T4aN0 patients treated by primary total laryngectomy were included. Five-year overall survival for T3N+, T3N2 and T4aN0 was respectively 33%, 32.1% and 73.7%. Due to the small sample, the difference was not significant. The systematic review revealed three articles reporting overall survival outcome for the T4N0 group and 6 articles for the T3N+. At 5years, the survival ranged from 62.5% to 73% in T4N0 and from 32.2% to 77% in T3N+. CONCLUSION In advanced stage laryngeal cancer, T4aN0 tends toward a better survival than T3N+ especially when compared to T3N2 although they are grouped in the same TNM stage IVa.
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18
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Paes FM, Singer AD, Checkver AN, Palmquist RA, De La Vega G, Sidani C. Perineural spread in head and neck malignancies: clinical significance and evaluation with 18F-FDG PET/CT. Radiographics 2014; 33:1717-36. [PMID: 24108559 DOI: 10.1148/rg.336135501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Certain tumors of the head and neck use peripheral nerves as a direct conduit for tumor growth away from the primary site by a process known as perineural spread. Perineural spread is associated with decreased survival and a higher risk of local recurrence and metastasis. Radiologists play an important role in the assessment and management of head and neck cancer, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 2-[fluorine 18]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) is part of the work-up and follow-up of many affected patients. Awareness of abnormal FDG uptake patterns within the head and neck is fundamental for diagnosing perineural spread. The cranial nerves most commonly affected by perineural spread are the trigeminal and facial nerves. Risk of perineural spread increases with a midface location of the tumor, male gender, increasing tumor size, recurrence after treatment, and poor histologic differentiation. Focal or linear increased FDG uptake along the V2 division of the trigeminal nerve or along the medial surface of the mandible, or asymmetric activity in the masticator space, foramen ovale, or Meckel cave should raise suspicion for perineural spread. If FDG PET/CT findings suggest perineural spread, the radiologist should look at available results of other imaging studies, especially magnetic resonance imaging, to confirm the diagnosis. Knowledge of common FDG PET/CT patterns of neoplastic involvement along the cranial nerves and potential diagnostic pitfalls is of the utmost importance for adequate staging and treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio M Paes
- Department of Radiology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Jackson Memorial Hospital, West Wing-279, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL 33136
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19
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Fountzilas E, Markou K, Vlachtsis K, Nikolaou A, Arapantoni-Dadioti P, Ntoula E, Tassopoulos G, Bobos M, Konstantinopoulos P, Fountzilas G, Spentzos D. Identification and validation of gene expression models that predict clinical outcome in patients with early-stage laryngeal cancer. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:2146-2153. [PMID: 22219018 PMCID: PMC3493135 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite improvement in therapeutic techniques, patients with early-stage laryngeal cancer still recur after treatment. Gene expression prognostic models could suggest which of these patients would be more appropriate for testing adjuvant strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression profiling using whole-genome DASL arrays was carried out on 56 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples of patients with early-stage laryngeal cancer. We split the samples into a training and a validation set. Using the supervised principal components survival analysis in the first cohort, we identified gene expression profiles that predict the risk of recurrence. These profiles were then validated in an independent cohort. RESULTS Gene models comprising different number of genes identified a subgroup of patients who were at high risk of recurrence. Of these, the best prognostic model distinguished between a high- and a low-risk group (log-rank P<0.005). The prognostic value of this model was reproduced in the validation cohort (median disease-free survival: 38 versus 161 months, log-rank P=0.018), hazard ratio=5.19 (95% confidence interval 1.14-23.57, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS We have identified gene expression prognostic models that can refine the estimation of a patient's risk of recurrence. These findings, if further validated, should aid in patient stratification for testing adjuvant treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fountzilas
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - K Markou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, "AHEPA" Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki
| | - K Vlachtsis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, "AHEPA" Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki
| | - A Nikolaou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, "AHEPA" Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki
| | | | | | - G Tassopoulos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, "Metaxa" Cancer Hospital, Piraeus
| | - M Bobos
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research, Thessaloniki
| | - P Konstantinopoulos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - G Fountzilas
- Department of Medical Oncology, "Papageorgiou" Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D Spentzos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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20
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Ambrosio EP, Rosa FE, Domingues MAC, Villacis RAR, Coudry RDA, Tagliarini JV, Soares FA, Kowalski LP, Rogatto SR. Cortactin is associated with perineural invasion in the deep invasive front area of laryngeal carcinomas. Hum Pathol 2011; 42:1221-9. [PMID: 21419472 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2010.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The cortactin gene, mapped at 11q13, has been associated with an aggressive clinical course in many cancers because of its function of invasiveness. This study evaluated CTTN protein and its prognostic value in the deep invasive front and superficial areas of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. The transcript expression levels were evaluated in a subset of cases. Overexpression of CTTN cytoplasmatic protein (80% of cases in both the deep invasive front and superficial areas) and transcript (30% of samples) was detected in a significant number of cases. In more than 20% of cases, observation verified membrane immunostaining in the deep invasive front and superficial areas. Perineural invasion was significantly associated with N stage and recurrence (P = .0058 and P = .0037, respectively). Higher protein expression levels were correlated with perineural invasion (P = .004) in deep invasive front cells, suggesting that this area should be considered a prognostic tool in laryngeal carcinomas. Although most cases had moderate to strong CTTN expression on the tumor surface, 2 sets of cases revealed a differential expression pattern in the deep invasive front. A group of cases with absent to weak expression of CTTN in the deep invasive front showed good prognosis parameters, and a second group with moderate to strong expression of CTTN were associated with an unfavorable prognosis, suggesting an association with worse outcome. Taken together, these results suggest that the deep invasive front might be considered a grading system in laryngeal carcinomas and that cortactin is a putative marker of worse outcome in the deep invasive front of laryngeal carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Papa Ambrosio
- Institute of Biosciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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