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Lobo R, Kumar SP, Tm R. Professional Quality of Life Among Mental Health Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 39261296 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The professional quality of life (ProQOL) is increasingly applied to nurses and is a measure of the positive and negative aspects of their work. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the level of compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress (STS) in empirical studies. Electronic databases Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science were searched on 7th February 2024, and the review followed PRISMA guidelines. The pooled estimate of compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress mean scores using a random-effects model for meta-analyses was undertaken. R statistical software and the dmetar program were used to execute the analysis. Heterogeneity was evaluated with the I2 statistics, while publication bias was evaluated using Egger's regression test. Twenty-four studies (sample size = 4274) were systematically reviewed and 18 studies (n = 3163) were incorporated into the meta-analysis. Burnout, secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction are found to be at moderate levels in this research. The qualitative analysis informs that variables such as healthy lifestyle, work environment and psychological resilience contribute towards optimum ProQOL scores. The pooled mean estimate was 32.79 (95% CI = 29.57-36) for compassion satisfaction, 24.99 (95% CI = 23.75-26.23) for burnout and 21.99 (95% CI = 18.93-25.06) for secondary traumatic stress, respectively. Mental health nurse managers need to address the factors in the work environment and promote interventions to enhance coping with burnout and STS. Subgroup analyses of country-based economies & regions and years revealed significant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runa Lobo
- School of Humanities, Social Sciences, and Management, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore, India
| | - S Pavan Kumar
- School of Humanities, Social Sciences, and Management, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore, India
| | - Rofin Tm
- Indian Institute of Management, Mumbai, India
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Rangwaneni ME, Raliphaswa NS, Maluleke M, Letlalo VP, Masutha TC, Manyuma D, Makhado L, Rikhotso TN. 'We are working in specialty units'-An exploratory qualitative study. Nurs Open 2024; 11:e70041. [PMID: 39321208 PMCID: PMC11423907 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.70041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore related support needs of general nurses in specialty mental health units and provide references for formulating a model to support this population working in mental health care units. DESIGN An exploratory qualitative design. METHOD In-depth individual unstructured interviews were performed with 15 general nurses who worked in mental health care units and were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth, individual, unstructured interviews. Data were analysed thematically using Tech's eight-step analysis method. RESULTS Two themes with their subthemes were extracted. The two themes included (a) Needs for professional growth and (b) the Need for emotional support. CONCLUSION Influenced by many factors, general nurses could not perform some nursing activities in mental health care units. Health managers should plan the training program to empower and provide emotional support to the general nurses in mental health care units. Further research is required to develop a model to facilitate the support of general nurses allocated to these units. REPORTING METHOD This study follows the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research. PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION A total of 15 general nurses participated in the study. We utilized their lunch time to conduct the interviews, significantly contributing to the article's content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary Maluleke
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa
| | | | - Thingahangwi Cecilia Masutha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa
- Department of Public Health, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Duppy Manyuma
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa
- Department of Public Health, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Langanani Makhado
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa
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Alyousef SM, Alhamidi SA. Nurse views of obstacles encountered by nurses in Saudi Arabia during the provision of psychiatric care. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2023; 44:8-17. [PMID: 37197867 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing staff within the mental health sector are major actors in delivering healthcare. They face considerable obstacles that may hinder the provision of high-quality care to patients with mental health challenges. AIM The current study offers a description of mental health nurses' viewpoints, insights into obstacles encountered during their experiences, and recommendations for enhancing psychiatric inpatient nursing care and achieving progress toward the goals set out by Saudi Vision 2030. METHODS The study employed a phenomenological qualitative design. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 currently practicing mental health nurses during two focus group sessions. The inductive data produced underwent member and peer checking. Emergent themes and subthemes were extracted. RESULTS Two main themes and related subthemes were identified. The first theme-obstacles faced by mental health nurses-was composed of the following subthemes: policy at institutions; clear job roles; low professional self-confidence and inadequate support; stressed, insecure, and unsafe; and stigmatization. The second theme-recommendations to improve the quality of mental health nursing-was composed of two subthemes: to enhance mental health awareness and improve professional skills and education. CONCLUSION The data suggest that maintaining high-quality nursing standards within an inpatient psychiatric facility requires a consistent and accountable organizational structure, which can lead to fostering the development and improvement of relevant nursing skills through continuing education, improved awareness of mental health disorders and care within the community, and initiatives to combat the stigma of mental disorders among patients, families, and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham Mansour Alyousef
- Community and Psychiatric Department, Nursing College, King Saud University, P.O. Box 54995, Riyadh 11524, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sami Abdulrahman Alhamidi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Nursing College, Postgraduate and Research Center, King Saud University, P.O. Box 54995, Riyadh 11524, Saudi Arabia.
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Korhonen J, Axelin A, Stein DJ, Seedat S, Mwape L, Jansen R, Groen G, Grobler G, Jörns-Presentati A, Katajisto J, Lahti M. Mental health literacy among primary healthcare workers in South Africa and Zambia. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2807. [PMID: 36326480 PMCID: PMC9759138 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In developing countries, mental health literacy (MHL) still needs to be improved due to the high prevalence of mental disorders. It is widely recognized that MHL can improve health outcomes for both individuals and populations. Healthcare professionals' development in MHL is crucial to the prevention of mental disorders. The aim of this study was to assess MHL of primary healthcare (PHC) workers in South Africa (SA) and Zambia and determinants thereof. Limited evidence is available on the levels of MHL among PHC workers in the sub-Saharan Africa region, which faces a large burden of mental disorders. METHODS The study population for this cross-sectional survey comprised PHC workers (n = 250) in five provinces of SA and Zambia. MHL was measured with the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS). We conducted a multivariate analysis to explore determinants of MHL. RESULTS Results showed moderate MHL among PHC professionals, but with a wide range from low to high MHL. Knowledge-related items had a greater dispersion than other attributes of MHL. PHC workers with more education showed a greater ability to recognize mental health-related disorders. Those who had experience in the use of mental health-related assessment scales or screening tools reported a higher total MHL. The results confirmed strong internal consistency for the MHLS. CONCLUSION The results highlighted varying mental health perceptions and knowledge in PHC. Implementation of specifically developed formal training programs and interventions to improve MHL in PHC workers to strengthen their competence may help bridge the treatment gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonas Korhonen
- Health and Well-being, Turku University of Applied Science, Turku, Finland.,Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Axelin
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lonia Mwape
- Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, School of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ronelle Jansen
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Gunter Groen
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Grobler
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Tshwane, South Africa
| | - Astrid Jörns-Presentati
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jouko Katajisto
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mari Lahti
- Health and Well-being, Turku University of Applied Science, Turku, Finland.,Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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- Health and Well-being, Turku University of Applied Science, Turku, Finland
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Mpheng OI, Scrooby B, Du Plessis E. Healthcare practitioners' views of comprehensive care to mental healthcare users in a community setting. Curationis 2022; 45:e1-e8. [PMID: 36453815 PMCID: PMC9724071 DOI: 10.4102/curationis.v45i1.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive care means ensuring quality services, protecting rights, promoting available social services and using protocols and standards that emphasise quality assurance for all mental healthcare users (MHCUs). It also involves advocacy, early detection and rehabilitation, as well as encouraging appropriate patient-centred care to ensure adequate psychiatric care. However, according to research, there is a vacuum in the provision of comprehensive mental healthcare to MHCUs. As a result, there is an immediate need to consult healthcare providers on providing comprehensive community-based care to MHCUs. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the views of healthcare practitioners on the aspects that hinder providing comprehensive care for MHCUs, the role players needed to execute comprehensive care and what can be done to improve comprehensive care for MHCUs in the community setting in one of the subdistricts of the North West province (NWP), South Africa (SA). METHOD A qualitative research design that was exploratory, descriptive and contextual was adopted. The healthcare practitioners that took part in the study were chosen through purposive sampling. The sample size was established through data saturation, and 19 telephonic semistructured individual interviews were held with registered nurses and one medical doctor. Tesch's eight steps were used to analyse the data. RESULTS The four main themes identified were: (1) healthcare practitioners' understanding of comprehensive care to MHCUs, (2) factors hindering comprehensive care to MHCUs, (3) stakeholders needed for providing comprehensive care to MHCUs and (4) suggestions for improving comprehensive care to MHCUs. CONCLUSION Healthcare practitioners in the community advocate for the need for comprehensive psychiatric treatment. They are of the view that greater coordination of psychiatric services will improve mental treatment and minimise relapse in MHCUs. To sustain integrated psychiatry, stakeholders and other psychiatric programmes must be included.Contribution: The findings and conclusions of this study indicated that improvement is needed in mental healthcare in general, and all relevant aspects to improve comprehensive care among MHCUs in a community setting should be given full attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ontlotlile I Mpheng
- School of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Mahikeng.
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Korhonen J, Axelin A, Katajisto J, Lahti M. Construct validity and internal consistency of the revised Mental Health Literacy Scale in South African and Zambian contexts. Nurs Open 2021; 9:966-977. [PMID: 34822738 PMCID: PMC8859090 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the construct validity and internal consistency of the revised Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) in South Africa (SA) and Zambia. DESIGN This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2018 and December 2019. METHODS The study population comprised PHC workers (n = 454) in five districts in SA and Zambia. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to explore the construct validity, and Cronbach's alpha was applied to measure the internal consistency of the MHLS. RESULTS Cronbach's alpha values for three attributes were below the appropriate level, but the value was strong (0.804) for the whole scale. The study found nine components explaining ~59% of the total variance of variables. All MHLS items loaded to main attributes based on the theory of MHL. The results stated that the revised version of the MHLS is a construct valid instrument with strong internal consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonas Korhonen
- Turku University of Applied Science, Turku, Finland.,Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Axelin
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jouko Katajisto
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mari Lahti
- Turku University of Applied Science, Turku, Finland.,Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Mulaudzi NP, Mashau NS, Akinsola HA, Murwira TS. Working conditions in a mental health institution: An exploratory study of professional nurses in Limpopo province, South Africa. Curationis 2020; 43:e1-e8. [PMID: 32787431 PMCID: PMC7479419 DOI: 10.4102/curationis.v43i1.2081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Professional nurses are responsible for the provision of care, treatment and rehabilitation of all mental healthcare users (MHCUs) in the institutions for mental healthcare. However, professional nurses find themselves in difficult circumstances under which they must provide quality healthcare services to MHCUs. OBJECTIVES The study explored and described the challenges experienced by the professional nurses working in a mental healthcare institution in Limpopo province of South Africa. METHOD A qualitative approach was used to explore and describe the challenges faced by professional nurses working in a mental healthcare institution. The study was conducted from July 2016 to December 2016. Purposive sampling was used to select participants. Data were obtained through individual in-depth interviews with professional nurses between the ages of 26 and 50 years. Data collection continued until data saturation, which occurred after interviewing 18 participants. Tech's open coding method was used to analyse data in this study. RESULTS Four themes emerged from data analysis, namely: inadequate safety measures, inadequate resources, impact of high workload and shortage of staff. The themes were further sub-divided into sub-themes. CONCLUSION The study revealed several challenges that professional nurses face in mental healthcare institutions which might be a barrier to the provision of quality healthcare. Conducive working environments should be established to enable professional health nurses to provide quality nursing care, thereby promoting the health of MHCUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndivhuwo P Mulaudzi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou.
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Lahti M, Groen G, Mwape L, Korhonen J, Breet E, Chapima F, Coetzee M, Ellilä H, Jansen R, Jonker D, Jörns-Presentati A, Mbanga I, Mukwato P, Mundenda J, Mutagubya J, Janse van Rensburg-Bonthuyzen E, Seedat S, Stein DJ, Suliman S, Sukwa T, Turunen TJ, Valtins K, van den Heuvel L, Wahila R, Grobler G. Design and Development Process of a Youth Depression Screening m-Health Application for Primary Health Care Workers in South Africa and Zambia: An Overview of the MEGA Project. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2020; 41:24-30. [PMID: 31225763 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2019.1604919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Literature indicates a high prevalence and burden of mental illness in youths world-wide, which may be even higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), such as South Africa and Zambia. Additionally, there is a lack of knowledge regarding youth depression amongst many primary health care (PHC) practitioners. The principal goal of the MEGA project is to provide youth with better access to mental health services and appropriate care, by developing a mental health screening mobile application tool to be used in PHC settings in South Africa and Zambia. In this study, we will use a mixed methods multi-center study design. In phase one, we will investigate the mental health literacy of PHC practitioners to identify areas in need of development. Based on the needs identified, we will develop and test a mobile health application to screen for common youth mental health problems in phase two. In phase three, we will implement and evaluate a tiered education and training program in the use of the m-health application. In the final phase, we will evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of the m-health application in PHC centres across South Africa and Zambia. Evidence suggests that PHC practitioners should routinely consider mental illness when assessing youth. However, common psychiatric disorders remain largely undetected and untreated in PHC settings. By identifying limitations in PHC workers knowledge with regard to youth mental health, we aspire to improve the depression care provided to youth in Southern Africa and Zambia by developing and implementing a locally relevant m-health application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Lahti
- Turku University of Applied Science, Health and Well-being, Turku, Finland.,Department of Nursing, Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Gunter Groen
- Department of Social Science, Hamburg University of Applied Science, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lonia Mwape
- Department of Nursing, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Joonas Korhonen
- Turku University of Applied Science, Health and Well-being, Turku, Finland
| | - Elsie Breet
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fabian Chapima
- Department of Nursing, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Marita Coetzee
- Department of Nursing, University of Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Heikki Ellilä
- Turku University of Applied Science, Health and Well-being, Turku, Finland
| | - Ronelle Jansen
- Department of Nursing, University of Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Deporah Jonker
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Ireen Mbanga
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - John Mundenda
- Department of Nursing, Lusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Joseph Mutagubya
- Department of Nursing, Lusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sharain Suliman
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Thomas Sukwa
- Department of Nursing, Lusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Timo-J Turunen
- International Cooperation and Foreign Students Department, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Karlis Valtins
- International Cooperation and Foreign Students Department, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Ruth Wahila
- Department of Nursing, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Gerhard Grobler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Mabala J, van der Wath A, Moagi M. Newly qualified nurses' perceptions of working at mental health facilities: A qualitative study. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2019; 26:175-184. [PMID: 31099077 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THE TOPIC?: Newly qualified nurses often feel overwhelmed by the challenges of the work environment and struggle to transition into healthcare work environments. Nurses require opportunities during the transition period to develop both competence and confidence in their ability to practise independently. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Newly qualified mental health nurses experience fear during their adaptation period, especially when they perceive mental healthcare users as dangerous and the working environment as risky, with little concern for their safety. Nurses new to the mental health environment learn from accepting responsibility, taking on challenges and making adjustments, in order to develop confidence as mental healthcare professionals. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Nursing management should ensure a safe and supportive mental healthcare environment. The potential for and consequences of negative stereotyping of patients among mental health nurses should be acknowledged and addressed as it may hinder the smooth adaptation of newly qualified nurses. Although stressful experiences can help mental health nurses to develop confidence and skills to manage future demanding situations, newly qualified nurses need to be given appropriate support and debriefing to ensure challenging situations do not "go the wrong way" and decrease confidence levels. Abstract Introduction Much has been written about the experiences of newly qualified nurses in their first year of employment, yet not much has been heard from the perspectives of newly qualified nurses working in mental health facilities. Aim To explore and describe the adaptation process of newly qualified nurses working in public mental health facilities in South Africa. Method Following a qualitative descriptive design, 11 newly qualified nurses in their first 6-18 months of employment were purposively selected from three public mental health facilities in South Africa. Data collected through unstructured individual interviews were thematically analysed. Results Four themes emerged from the analysis: fear related to the mental healthcare environment; self-doubt upon meeting the expectations of the inter-professional team; ways to adjust to the challenges; and confidence as mental healthcare professionals. Discussion During the adaptation process newly qualified nurses working in mental health facilities need support to overcome their initial fears and develop self-confidence in both managerial and therapeutic realms. Implications for practice Management of mental healthcare facilities needs to be cognisant of the importance of creating a supportive and safe environment that discourages negative stereotyping of patients and fosters newly qualified nurses' adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaftaline Mabala
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Miriam Moagi
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Korhonen J, Axelin A, Grobler G, Lahti M. Content validation of Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) for primary health care workers in South Africa and Zambia ─ a heterogeneous expert panel method. Glob Health Action 2019; 12:1668215. [PMID: 31699016 PMCID: PMC6853208 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1668215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The lack of public knowledge and the burden caused by mental-health issues' effect on developing and implementing adequate mental-health care for young and adolescent in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Primary health care could be the key in facing the challenge, but it suffers from insufficient resources and poor mental health literacy. This study's aim was to adapt the content validity of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) developed by O'Connor & Casey (2015) with researchers and primary health-care workers in low- and middle-income contexts in South Africa (SA) and in Zambia.Objectives: The study population comprised two expert panels (N = 21); Clinical Experts (CE) (n = 10) from Lusaka, Zambia and Professional Research Experts (PE) (n = 11) from the MEGA project management team were recruited to the study.Methods: MHLS was validated in a South African and a Zambian context using a heterogeneous expert-panel method. Participants were asked to rate the 35 MHLS items on a 4-point scale with 1 as not relevant and 4 as very relevant After the rating, all 35 MHLS items were carefully discussed by the expert panel and evaluated according their relevance. The data were analyzed using an item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and narrative and thematic analyses.Results: All 35 items ranked by the PREs met the cutoff criteria (≥0.8), and ten (n = 10) items were seen as relevant by CE when calculating I-CVIs. Based on the results of ratings and discussion, a group of sixteen (n = 16) of all items (n = 35) were retained as original without reviewing. A total of nineteen (n = 19) items were reviewed.Conclusion: This study found the MHLS to have sufficient validity in LMICs' context but also recognized a gap between professional researchers' and clinical workers' knowledge and attitudes related to mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonas Korhonen
- Faculty of Health and Well-Being, Turku University of Applied Science, Turku, Finland
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Axelin
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Gerhard Grobler
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mari Lahti
- Faculty of Health and Well-Being, Turku University of Applied Science, Turku, Finland
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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