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Guo H, Li Y, Qi W, Xi L. Photoacoustic endoscopy: A progress review. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000217. [PMID: 32935920 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopy has been widely used in biomedical imaging and integrated with various optical and acoustic imaging modalities. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI), one of the fastest growing biomedical imaging modalities, is a noninvasive and nonionizing method that owns rich optical contrast, deep acoustic penetration depth, multiscale and multiparametric imaging capability. Hence, it is preferred to miniaturize the volume of PAI and develop an emerged endoscopic imaging modality referred to as photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE). It has been developed for more than one decade since the first report of PAE. Unfortunately, until now, there is no mature photoacoustic endoscopic technique recognized in clinic due to various technical limitations. To address this concern, recent development of new scanning mechanisms, adoption of novel optical/acoustic devices, utilization of superior computation methods and exploration of multimodality strategies have significantly promoted the progress of PAE toward clinic. In this review, we comprehensively reviewed recent progresses in single- and multimodality PAE with new physics, mechanisms and strategies to achieve practical devices for potential applicable scenarios including esophageal, gastrointestinal, urogenital and intravascular imaging. We ended this review with challenges and prospects for future development of PAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Guo
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weizhi Qi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Yang C, Jian X, Zhu X, Lv J, Jiao Y, Han Z, Stylogiannis A, Ntziachristos V, Sergiadis G, Cui Y. Sensitivity Enhanced Photoacoustic Imaging Using a High-Frequency PZT Transducer with an Integrated Front-End Amplifier. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20030766. [PMID: 32019228 PMCID: PMC7038444 DOI: 10.3390/s20030766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a hybrid imaging technique that can provide both structural and functional information of biological tissues. Due to limited permissible laser energy deposited on tissues, highly sensitive PA imaging is required. Here, we developed a 20 MHz lead zirconium titanate (PZT) transducer (1.5 mm × 3 mm) with front-end amplifier circuits for local signal processing to achieve sensitivity enhanced PA imaging. The electrical and acoustic performance was characterized. Experiments on phantoms and chicken breast tissue were conducted to validate the imaging performance. The fabricated prototype shows a bandwidth of 63% and achieves a noise equivalent pressure (NEP) of 0.24 mPa/√Hz and a receiving sensitivity of 62.1 μV/Pa at 20 MHz without degradation of the bandwidth. PA imaging of wire phantoms demonstrates that the prototype is capable of improving the detection sensitivity by 10 dB compared with the traditional transducer without integrated amplifier. In addition, in vitro experiments on chicken breast tissue show that structures could be imaged with enhanced contrast using the prototype and the imaging depth range was improved by 1 mm. These results demonstrate that the transducer with an integrated front-end amplifier enables highly sensitive PA imaging with improved penetration depth. The proposed method holds the potential for visualization of deep tissue structures and enhanced detection of weak physiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China; (X.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Xiaohua Jian
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China; (X.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Xinle Zhu
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China; (X.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Jiabing Lv
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China; (X.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Yang Jiao
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China; (X.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Zhile Han
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China; (X.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.H.); (G.S.)
| | - Antonios Stylogiannis
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (A.S.); (V.N.)
- Chair for Biological Imaging, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (A.S.); (V.N.)
- Chair for Biological Imaging, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - George Sergiadis
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China; (X.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.H.); (G.S.)
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (A.S.); (V.N.)
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Yaoyao Cui
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China; (X.J.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.H.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Gao F, Feng X, Zhang R, Liu S, Ding R, Kishor R, Zheng Y. Single laser pulse generates dual photoacoustic signals for differential contrast photoacoustic imaging. Sci Rep 2017; 7:626. [PMID: 28377616 PMCID: PMC5429673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic sensing and imaging techniques have been studied widely to explore optical absorption contrast based on nanosecond laser illumination. In this paper, we report a long laser pulse induced dual photoacoustic (LDPA) nonlinear effect, which originates from unsatisfied stress and thermal confinements. Being different from conventional short laser pulse illumination, the proposed method utilizes a long square-profile laser pulse to induce dual photoacoustic signals. Without satisfying the stress confinement, the dual photoacoustic signals are generated following the positive and negative edges of the long laser pulse. More interestingly, the first expansion-induced photoacoustic signal exhibits positive waveform due to the initial sharp rising of temperature. On the contrary, the second contraction-induced photoacoustic signal exhibits exactly negative waveform due to the falling of temperature, as well as pulse-width-dependent signal amplitude. An analytical model is derived to describe the generation of the dual photoacoustic pulses, incorporating Gruneisen saturation and thermal diffusion effect, which is experimentally proved. Lastly, an alternate of LDPA technique using quasi-CW laser excitation is also introduced and demonstrated for both super-contrast in vitro and in vivo imaging. Compared with existing nonlinear PA techniques, the proposed LDPA nonlinear effect could enable a much broader range of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Feng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruochong Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siyu Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ran Ding
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rahul Kishor
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuanjin Zheng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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Liu Y, Nie L, Chen X. Photoacoustic Molecular Imaging: From Multiscale Biomedical Applications Towards Early-Stage Theranostics. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 34:420-433. [PMID: 26924233 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has ushered in a new era of observational biotechnology and has facilitated the exploration of fundamental biological mechanisms and clinical translational applications, which has attracted tremendous attention in recent years. By converting laser into ultrasound emission, PAI combines rich optical contrast, high ultrasonic spatial resolution, and deep penetration depth in a single modality. This evolutional technique enables multiscale and multicontrast visualization from cells to organs, anatomy to function, and molecules to metabolism with high sensitivity and specificity. The state-of-the-art developments and applications of PAI are described in this review. Future prospects for clinical use are also highlighted. Collectively, PAI holds great promise to drive biomedical applications towards early-stage theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine (CMITM), School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Liming Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine (CMITM), School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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He G, Xu D, Qin H, Yang S, Xing D. In vivo cell characteristic extraction and identification by photoacoustic flow cytography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:3748-3756. [PMID: 26504626 PMCID: PMC4605035 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a photoacoustic flow cytography with fast cross-sectional (B-scan) imaging to precisely identify specific cells in vivo. The B-scan imaging speed of the system is up to 200 frame/s with a lateral resolution of 1.5 μm, which allows to dynamically image the flowing cells within the microvascular. The shape, size and photoacoustic intensity of the target cells are extracted from streaming images and integrated into a standard pattern to distinguish cell types. Circulating red blood cells and melanoma cells in blood vessels are simultaneously identified on melanoma-bearing mouse model. The results demonstrate that in vivo photoacoustic flow cytography can provide cells characteristics analysis and cell type's visual identification, which will be applied for noninvasively monitoring circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and analyzing hematologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Dong Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Huan Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Sihua Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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