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Kumar Pandey P, Bjegovic K, Gonzalez G, Wang X, Liu A, Chen Y, Xiang L. Resolution limits for radiation-induced acoustic imaging for in vivoradiation dosimetry. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:165022. [PMID: 39019059 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad64b9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Radiation-induced acoustic (RA) computed tomographic (RACT) imaging is being thoroughly explored for radiation dosimetry. It is essential to understand how key machine parameters like beam pulse, size, and energy deposition affect image quality in RACT. We investigate the intricate interplay of these parameters and how these factors influence dose map resolution in RACT.Approach.We first conduct an analytical assessment of time-domain RA signals and their corresponding frequency spectra for certain testcases, and computationally validate these analyses. Subsequently, we simulated a series of x-ray-based RACT (XACT) experiments and compared the simulations with experimental measurements.In-silicoreconstruction studies have also been conducted to demonstrate the resolution limits imposed by the temporal pulse profiles on RACT. XACT experiments were performed using clinical machines and the reconstructions were analyzed for resolution capabilities.Main results.Our paper establishes the theory for predicting the time- and frequency-domain behavior of RA signals. We illustrate that the frequency content of RA signal is not solely dependent on the spatial energy deposition characteristics but also on the temporal features of radiation. The same spatial energy deposition through a Gaussian pulse and a rectangular pulse of equal pulsewidths results in different frequency spectra of the RA signals. RA signals corresponding to the rectangular pulse exhibit more high-frequency content than their Gaussian pulse counterparts and hence provide better resolution in the reconstructions. XACT experiments with ∼3.2 us and ∼4 us rectangular radiation pulses were performed, and the reconstruction results were found to correlate well with thein-silicoresults.Significance.Here, we discuss the inherent resolution limits for RACT-based radiation dosimetric systems. While our study is relevant to the broader community engaged in research on photoacoustics, x-ray-acoustics, and proto/ionoacoustics, it holds particular significance for medical physics researchers aiming to set up RACT for dosimetry and radiography using clinical radiation machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabodh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Kristina Bjegovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Gilberto Gonzalez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - An Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America
| | - Liangzhong Xiang
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92612, United States of America
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Bjegovic K, Sun L, Pandey P, Grilj V, Ballesteros-Zebadua P, Paisley R, Gonzalez G, Wang S, Vozenin MC, Limoli CL, Xiang SL. 4D in vivodosimetry for a FLASH electron beam using radiation-induced acoustic imaging. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:115053. [PMID: 38722574 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad4950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Objective. The primary goal of this research is to demonstrate the feasibility of radiation-induced acoustic imaging (RAI) as a volumetric dosimetry tool for ultra-high dose rate FLASH electron radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) in real time. This technology aims to improve patient outcomes by accurate measurements ofin vivodose delivery to target tumor volumes.Approach. The study utilized the FLASH-capable eRT6 LINAC to deliver electron beams under various doses (1.2 Gy pulse-1to 4.95 Gy pulse-1) and instantaneous dose rates (1.55 × 105Gy s-1to 2.75 × 106Gy s-1), for imaging the beam in water and in a rabbit cadaver with RAI. A custom 256-element matrix ultrasound array was employed for real-time, volumetric (4D) imaging of individual pulses. This allowed for the exploration of dose linearity by varying the dose per pulse and analyzing the results through signal processing and image reconstruction in RAI.Main Results. By varying the dose per pulse through changes in source-to-surface distance, a direct correlation was established between the peak-to-peak amplitudes of pressure waves captured by the RAI system and the radiochromic film dose measurements. This correlation demonstrated dose rate linearity, including in the FLASH regime, without any saturation even at an instantaneous dose rate up to 2.75 × 106Gy s-1. Further, the use of the 2D matrix array enabled 4D tracking of FLASH electron beam dose distributions on animal tissue for the first time.Significance. This research successfully shows that 4Din vivodosimetry is feasible during FLASH-RT using a RAI system. It allows for precise spatial (∼mm) and temporal (25 frames s-1) monitoring of individual FLASH beamlets during delivery. This advancement is crucial for the clinical translation of FLASH-RT as enhancing the accuracy of dose delivery to the target volume the safety and efficacy of radiotherapeutic procedures will be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Bjegovic
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, United States of America
| | - Leshan Sun
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, United States of America
| | - Prabodh Pandey
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of Americaica
| | - Veljko Grilj
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Service and Oncology Department, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paola Ballesteros-Zebadua
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Service and Oncology Department, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Medical Physics, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ryan Paisley
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Service and Oncology Department, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gilberto Gonzalez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America
| | - Siqi Wang
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, United States of America
| | - Marie Catherine Vozenin
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Service and Oncology Department, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Sector of Radiobiology applied to Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Service, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charles L Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2695, United States of America
| | - Shawn Liangzhong Xiang
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, United States of America
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of Americaica
- Beckman Laser Institute & Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92612, United States of America
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3
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Choi S, Park S, Kim J, Kim H, Cho S, Kim S, Park J, Kim C. X-ray free-electron laser induced acoustic microscopy (XFELAM). PHOTOACOUSTICS 2024; 35:100587. [PMID: 38312809 PMCID: PMC10835452 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2024.100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) has remarkably advanced X-ray imaging technology and enabled important scientific achievements. The XFEL's extremely high power, short pulse width, low emittance, and high coherence make possible such diverse imaging techniques as absorption/emission spectroscopy, diffraction imaging, and scattering imaging. Here, we demonstrate a novel XFEL-based imaging modality that uses the X-ray induced acoustic (XA) effect, which we call X-ray free-electron laser induced acoustic microscopy (XFELAM). Initially, we verified the XA effect by detecting XA signals from various materials, then we validated the experimental results with simulation outcomes. Next, in resolution experiments, we successfully imaged a patterned tungsten target with drilled various-sized circles at a spatial resolution of 7.8 ± 5.1 µm, which is the first micron-scale resolution achieved by XA imaging. Our results suggest that the novel XFELAM can expand the usability of XFEL in various areas of fundamental scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongwook Choi
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Medical Device Innovation Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science and Engineering, 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinyoung Park
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Medical Device Innovation Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science and Engineering, 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Medical Device Innovation Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science and Engineering, 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhee Kim
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Medical Device Innovation Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science and Engineering, 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghee Cho
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Medical Device Innovation Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science and Engineering, 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunam Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeku Park
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Medical Device Innovation Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science and Engineering, 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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van Bergen R, Sun L, Pandey PK, Wang S, Bjegovic K, Gonzalez G, Chen Y, Lopata R, Xiang L. Discrete Wavelet Transformation for the Sensitive Detection of Ultrashort Radiation Pulse with Radiation-induced Acoustics. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 8:76-87. [PMID: 39220226 PMCID: PMC11364354 DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2023.3314339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Radiation-induced acoustics (RIA) shows promise in advancing radiological imaging and radiotherapy dosimetry methods. However, RIA signals often require extensive averaging to achieve reasonable signal-to-noise ratios, which increases patient radiation exposure and limits real-time applications. Therefore, this paper proposes a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based filtering approach to denoise the RIA signals and avoid extensive averaging. The algorithm was benchmarked against low-pass filters and tested on various types of RIA sources, including low-energy X-rays, high-energy X-rays, and protons. The proposed method significantly reduced the required averages (1000 times less averaging for low-energy X-ray RIA, 32 times less averaging for high-energy X-ray RIA, and 4 times less averaging for proton RIA) and demonstrated robustness in filtering signals from different sources of radiation. The coif5 wavelet in conjunction with the sqtwolog threshold selection algorithm yielded the best results. The proposed DWT filtering method enables high-quality, automated, and robust filtering of RIA signals, with a performance similar to low-pass filtering, aiding in the clinical translation of radiation-based acoustic imaging for radiology and radiation oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick van Bergen
- PULS/e lab Eindhoven, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Leshan Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617
| | - Prabodh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617
| | - Kristina Bjegovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617
| | - Gilberto Gonzalez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Richard Lopata
- PULS/e lab Eindhoven, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Liangzhong Xiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617.; Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617.; Beckman Laser Institute Medical Clinic, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92612
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5
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Jiang Z, Wang S, Xu Y, Sun L, Gonzalez G, Chen Y, Wu QJ, Xiang L, Ren L. Radiation-induced acoustic signal denoising using a supervised deep learning framework for imaging and therapy monitoring. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:10.1088/1361-6560/ad0283. [PMID: 37820684 PMCID: PMC11000456 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced acoustic (RA) imaging is a promising technique for visualizing the invisible radiation energy deposition in tissues, enabling new imaging modalities and real-time therapy monitoring. However, RA imaging signal often suffers from poor signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), thus requiring measuring hundreds or even thousands of frames for averaging to achieve satisfactory quality. This repetitive measurement increases ionizing radiation dose and degrades the temporal resolution of RA imaging, limiting its clinical utility. In this study, we developed a general deep inception convolutional neural network (GDI-CNN) to denoise RA signals to substantially reduce the number of frames needed for averaging. The network employs convolutions with multiple dilations in each inception block, allowing it to encode and decode signal features with varying temporal characteristics. This design generalizes GDI-CNN to denoise acoustic signals resulting from different radiation sources. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated using experimental data of x-ray-induced acoustic, protoacoustic, and electroacoustic signals both qualitatively and quantitatively. Results demonstrated the effectiveness of GDI-CNN: it achieved x-ray-induced acoustic image quality comparable to 750-frame-averaged results using only 10-frame-averaged measurements, reducing the imaging dose of x-ray-acoustic computed tomography (XACT) by 98.7%; it realized proton range accuracy parallel to 1500-frame-averaged results using only 20-frame-averaged measurements, improving the range verification frequency in proton therapy from 0.5 to 37.5 Hz; it reached electroacoustic image quality comparable to 750-frame-averaged results using only a single frame signal, increasing the electric field monitoring frequency from 1 fps to 1k fps. Compared to lowpass filter-based denoising, the proposed method demonstrated considerably lower mean-squared-errors, higher peak-SNR, and higher structural similarities with respect to the corresponding high-frame-averaged measurements. The proposed deep learning-based denoising framework is a generalized method for few-frame-averaged acoustic signal denoising, which significantly improves the RA imaging's clinical utilities for low-dose imaging and real-time therapy monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Jiang
- Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
- Contributed equally
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, United States of America
- Contributed equally
| | - Yifei Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, United States of America
| | - Leshan Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, United States of America
| | - Gilberto Gonzalez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, United States of America
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, United States of America
| | - Q Jackie Wu
- Medical Physics Graduate Program, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Liangzhong Xiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, United States of America
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
- Beckman Laser Institute & Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA 92612, United States of America
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
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Gonzalez G, Prather K, Pandey PK, Sun L, Caron J, Wang S, Ahmad S, Xiang L, Chen Y. Single-Pulse X-ray Acoustic Computed Tomographic Imaging for Precision Radiation Therapy. Adv Radiat Oncol 2023; 8:101239. [PMID: 37334315 PMCID: PMC10276220 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2023.101239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose High-precision radiation therapy is crucial for cancer treatment. Currently, the delivered dose can only be verified via simulations with phantoms, and an in-tumor, online dose verification is still unavailable. An innovative detection method called x-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography (XACT) has recently shown the potential for imaging the delivered radiation dose within the tumor. Prior XACT imaging systems have required tens to hundreds of signal averages to achieve high-quality dose images within the patient, which reduces its real-time capability. Here, we demonstrate that XACT dose images can be reproduced from a single x-ray pulse (4 µs) with sub-mGy sensitivity from a clinical linear accelerator. Methods and Materials By immersing an acoustic transducer in a homogeneous medium, it is possible to detect pressure waves generated by the pulsed radiation from a clinical linear accelerator. After rotating the collimator, signals of different angles are obtained to perform a tomographic reconstruction of the dose field. Using 2-stage amplification with further bandpass filtering increases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Results Acoustic peak SNR and voltage values were recorded for singular and dual-amplifying stages. The SNR for single-pulse mode was able to satisfy the Rose criterion, and the collected signals were able to reconstruct 2-dimensional images from the 2 homogeneous media. Conclusions By overcoming the low SNR and requirement of signal averaging, single-pulse XACT imaging holds great potential for personalized dose monitoring from each individual pulse during radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Gonzalez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Kiana Prather
- University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Prabodh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Leshan Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Joseph Caron
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Salahuddin Ahmad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Liangzhong Xiang
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California
- Beckman Laser Institute & Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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7
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Pandey PK, Wang S, Sun L, Xing L, Xiang L. Model-Based 3-D X-Ray Induced Acoustic Computerized Tomography. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 7:532-543. [PMID: 38046375 PMCID: PMC10691826 DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2023.3238017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
X-ray-induced acoustic (XA) computerized tomography (XACT) is an evolving imaging technique that aims to reconstruct the X-ray energy deposition from XA measurements. Main challenges in XACT are the poor signal-to-noise ratio and limited field-of-view, which cause artifacts in the images. We demonstrate the efficacy of model-based (MB) algorithms for three-dimensional XACT and compare with the traditional algorithms. The MB algorithm is based on iterative, matrix-free approach for regularized-least-squares minimization corresponding to XACT. The matrix-free-LSQR (MF-LSQR) and the non-iterative model-backprojection (MBP) reconstructions were evaluated and compared with universal backprojection (UBP), time-reversal (TR) and fast-Fourier transform (FFT)-based reconstructions for numerical and experimental XACT datasets. The results demonstrate the capability of MF-LSQR algorithm to reduce noisy artifacts thus yielding better reconstructions. MBP and MF-LSQR algorithms perform particularly well with the experimental XACT dataset, where noise in signals significantly affects the reconstruction of the target in UBP and FFT-based reconstructions. The TR reconstruction for experimental XACT are comparable to MF-LSQR, but takes thrice as much time and filters the frequency components greater than maximum frequency supported by the grid, resulting loss of resolution. The MB algorithms are able to overcome the challenges in XACT and hence are vital for the clinical translation of XACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabodh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Leshan Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA.; Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Liangzhong Xiang
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA,94305, USA
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8
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Li Y, Wu X, Pei Y, Wang Z, Wang C, Hua D. Recent advances on macromolecular medicinal materials for radioprotection. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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9
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Chen F, Sun M, Chen R, Li C, Shi J. Absolute Grüneisen parameter measurement in deep tissue based on X-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:1205-1215. [PMID: 36950240 PMCID: PMC10026575 DOI: 10.1364/boe.483490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Grüneisen parameter is a primary parameter of the initial sound pressure signal in the photoacoustic effect, which can provide unique biological information and is related to the temperature change information of an object. The accurate measurement of this parameter is of great significance in biomedical research. Combining X-ray-induced acoustic tomography and conventional X-ray computed tomography, we proposed a method to obtain the absolute Grüneisen parameter. The theory development, numerical simulation, and biomedical application scenarios are discussed. The results reveal that our method not only can determine the Grüneisen parameter but can also obtain the body internal temperature distribution, presenting its potential in the diagnosis of a broad range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | | | | | - Chiye Li
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
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10
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Wang Z, Yang F, Zhang W, Xiong K, Yang S. Towards in vivo photoacoustic human imaging: shining a new light on clinical diagnostics. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
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11
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Matarèse BFE, Rahmoune H, Vo NTK, Seymour CB, Schofield PN, Mothersill C. X-ray-induced bio-acoustic emissions from cultured cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2023:1-6. [PMID: 36512368 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2158248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We characterize for the first time the emission of acoustic waves from cultured cells irradiated with X-ray photon radiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS Human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HL-60) and control cell-free media were exposed to 1 Gy X-ray photons while recording the sound generated before, during and after irradiation using custom large-bandwidth ultrasound transducer. The effects of dose rate and cell viability were investigated. RESULTS We report the first recorded acoustic signals captured from a collective pressure wave response to ionizing irradiation in cell culture. The acoustic signal was co-terminous with the radiation pulse, its magnitude was dependent on radiation dose rate, and live and dead cells showed qualitatively and quantitatively different acoustic signal characteristics. The signature of the collective acoustic peaks was temporally wider and with higher acoustic power for irradiated HL-60 than for irradiated MCF-7. CONCLUSIONS We show that X-ray irradiation induces two cultured cancer cell types to emit a characteristic acoustic signal for the duration of the radiation pulse. The rapid decay of the signal excludes acoustic emissions themselves from contributing to the inter-organism bystander signal previously reported in intact animals, but they remain a potential component of the bystander process in tissues and cell cultures. This preliminary study suggests that further work on the potential role of radiation-induced acoustic emission (RIAE) in the inter-cellular bystander effect is merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno F E Matarèse
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hassan Rahmoune
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nguyen T K Vo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Colin B Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Paul N Schofield
- Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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12
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Jiang Z, Zhang M, Li P, Wang Y, Fu Q. Nanomaterial-based CT contrast agents and their applications in image-guided therapy. Theranostics 2023; 13:483-509. [PMID: 36632234 PMCID: PMC9830442 DOI: 10.7150/thno.79625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT), a diagnostic tool with clinical application, comprehensive coverage, and low cost, is used in hospitals worldwide. However, CT imaging fails to distinguish soft tissues from normal organs and tumors because their mass attenuation coefficients are similar. Various CT contrast agents have been developed in recent years to improve the sensitivity and contrast of imaging. Here, we review the progress of nanomaterial-based CT contrast agents and their applications in image-guided therapy. The CT contrast agents are classified according to their components; gold (Au)-based, bismuth (Bi)-based, lanthanide (Ln)-based, and transition metal (TM)-based nanomaterials are discussed. CT image-guided therapy of diseases, including photothermal therapy (PPT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemotherapy, radiotherapy (RT), gas therapy, sonodynamic therapy (SDT), immunotherapy, starvation therapy, gene therapy (GT), and microwave thermal therapy (MWTT), are reviewed. Finally, the perspectives on the CT contrast agents and their biomedical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Jiang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: E-mail: ; ;
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: E-mail: ; ;
| | - Qinrui Fu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, 250014, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: E-mail: ; ;
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13
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Samant P, Trevisi LM, Chen Y, Zwart T, Xiang L. 3-D Protoacoustic Imaging Through a Planar Ultrasound Array: A Simulation Workflow. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 7:83-95. [PMID: 37588600 PMCID: PMC10427128 DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2022.3177236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Bragg peak range uncertainties are a persistent constraint in proton therapy. Pulsed proton beams generate protoacoustic emissions proportional to absorbed proton energy, thereby encoding dosimetry information in a detectable acoustic wave. Here, we seek to derive and model 3D protoacoustic imaging with an ultrasound array and examine the frequency characteristics of protoacoustic emissions. A formalism is presented through which protoacoustic signals can be characterized considering transducer bandwidth as well as pulse duration of the incident beam. We have also collected an experimental proton beam intensity signal from a Mevion S250 clinical machine to analyze our formalism. We also show that proton-acoustic image reconstruction is possible even when the noise amplitude is larger than the signal amplitude on individual transducers. We find that a 4μ s Gaussian proton pulse can generate a signal in the range of MHz as long as the spatial heating function has sufficiently high temperature gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Samant
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, 73071, USA and now is with the Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Luis M Trevisi
- Chemical, Biological, & Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, 73071, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Townsend Zwart
- Vice President of Advanced Development at Mevion Medical Systems, Littleton, MA, 01460, USA
| | - Liangzhong Xiang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA and Beckman Laser Institute & Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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14
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Choi S, Park S, Pyo A, Kim DY, Min JJ, Lee C, Kim C. In situ x-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography with a contrast agent: a proof of concept. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:90-93. [PMID: 34951888 DOI: 10.1364/ol.447618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
X-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography (XACT) has shown great potential as a hybrid imaging modality for real-time non-invasive x-ray dosimetry and low-dose three-dimensional (3D) imaging. While promising, one drawback of the XACT system is the underlying low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), limiting its in vivo clinical use. In this Letter, we propose the first use of a conventional x-ray computed tomography contrast agent, Gastrografin, for improving the SNR of in situ XACT imaging. We obtained 3D volumetric XACT images of a mouse's stomach with orally injected Gastrografin establishing the proposal's feasibility. Thus, we believe, in the future, our proposed technique will allow in vivo imaging and expand or complement conventional x-ray modalities, such as radiotherapy and accelerators.
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15
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Pandey PK, Wang S, Aggrawal HO, Bjegovic K, Boucher S, Xiang L. Model-Based X-Ray-Induced Acoustic Computed Tomography. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2021; 68:3560-3569. [PMID: 34310297 PMCID: PMC8739265 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2021.3098501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
X-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography (XACT) provides X-ray absorption-based contrast with acoustic detection. For its clinical translation, XACT imaging often has a limited field of view. This can result in image artifacts and overall loss of quantification accuracy. In this article, we aim to demonstrate model-based XACT image reconstruction to address these problems. An efficient matrix-free implementation of the regularized LSQR (MF-LSQR)-based minimization scheme and a noniterative model back-projection (MBP) scheme for computing XACT reconstructions have been demonstrated in this article. The proposed algorithms have been numerically validated and then used to perform reconstructions from experimental measurements obtained from an XACT setup. While the commonly used back-projection (BP) algorithm produces limited-view and noisy artifacts in the region of interest (ROI), model-based LSQR minimization overcomes these issues. The model-based algorithms also reduce the ring artifacts caused due to the nonuniformity response of the multichannel data acquisition. Using the model-based reconstruction algorithms, we are able to obtain reasonable XACT reconstructions for acoustic measurements of up to 120° view. Although the MBP is more efficient than the model-based LSQR algorithm, it provides only the structural information of the ROI. Overall, it has been demonstrated that the model-based image reconstruction yields better image quality for XACT than the standard BP. Moreover, the combination of model-based image reconstruction with different regularization methods can solve the limited-view problem for XACT imaging (in many realistic cases where the full-view dataset is unavailable), and hence pave the way for future clinical translation.
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16
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Wang S, Ivanov V, Pandey PK, Xiang L. X-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography (XACT) imaging with single-shot nanosecond x-ray. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2021; 119:183702. [PMID: 34776515 PMCID: PMC8566011 DOI: 10.1063/5.0071911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
X-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography (XACT) has emerged as a promising imaging modality with broad applications in both biomedicine and nondestructive testing. The previous XACT imaging systems require thousands of averages to achieve reasonable images. Here, we report the experimental demonstration of single-shot XACT imaging of a metal object using a single-shot 50 ns x-ray pulse. A two-stage dedicated amplification and a 128-channel parallel data acquisition configuration were introduced for XACT imaging to enable sufficient acoustic signal amplification and maintain an overall low noise level for single-shot XACT imaging. Details of the system design are presented; the improved signal-to-noise ratio (>23 dB) and image reconstruction have been demonstrated with a ring ultrasound transducer array imaging system. The study paves the way for realizing real-time XACT imaging and its potential applications in image-guided intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | | | - Prabodh Kumar Pandey
- The Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, USA
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17
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Ba Sunbul NH, Zhang W, Oraiqat I, Litzenberg DW, Lam KL, Cuneo K, Moran JM, Carson PL, Wang X, Clarke SD, Matuszak MM, Pozzi SA, El Naqa I. A simulation study of ionizing radiation acoustic imaging (iRAI) as a real-time dosimetric technique for ultra-high dose rate radiotherapy (UHDR-RT). Med Phys 2021; 48:6137-6151. [PMID: 34431520 PMCID: PMC8943858 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Electron-based ultra-high dose rate radiation therapy (UHDR-RT), also known as Flash-RT, has shown the ability to improve the therapeutic index in comparison to conventional radiotherapy (CONV-RT) through increased sparing of normal tissue. However, the extremely high dose rates in UHDR-RT have raised the need for accurate real-time dosimetry tools. This work aims to demonstrate the potential of the emerging technology of Ionized Radiation Acoustic Imaging (iRAI) through simulation studies and investigate its characteristics as a promising relative in vivo dosimetric tool for UHDR-RT. METHODS The detection of induced acoustic waves following a single UHDR pulse of a modified 6 MeV 21EX Varian Clinac in a uniform porcine gelatin phantom that is brain-tissue equivalent was simulated for an ideal ultrasound transducer. The full 3D dose distributions in the phantom for a 1 × 1 cm2 field were simulated using EGSnrc (BEAMnrc∖DOSXYZnrc) Monte Carlo (MC) codes. The relative dosimetry simulations were verified with dose experimental measurements using Gafchromic films. The spatial dose distribution was converted into an initial pressure source spatial distribution using the medium-dependent dose-pressure relation. The MATLAB-based toolbox k-Wave was then used to model the propagation of acoustic waves through the phantom and perform time-reversal (TR)-based imaging reconstruction. The effect of the various linear accelerator (linac) operating parameters, including linac pulse duration and pulse repetition rate (frequency), were investigated as well. RESULTS The MC dose simulation results agreed with the film measurement results, specifically at the central beam region up to 80% dose within approximately 5% relative error for the central profile region and a local relative error of <6% for percentage dose depth. IRAI-based FWHM of the radiation beam was within approximately 3 mm relative to the MC-simulated beam FWHM at the beam entrance. The real-time pressure signal change agreed with the dose changes proving the capability of the iRAI for predicting the beam position. IRAI was tested through 3D simulations of its response to be based on the temporal changes in the linac operating parameters on a dose per pulse basis as expected theoretically from the pressure-dose proportionality. The pressure signal amplitude obtained through 2D simulations was proportional to the dose per pulse. The instantaneous pressure signal amplitude decreases as the linac pulse duration increases, as predicted from the pressure wave generation equations, such that the shorter the linac pulse the higher the signal and the better the temporal (spatial) resolutions of iRAI. The effect of the longer linac pulse duration on the spatial resolution of the 3D constructed iRAI images was corrected for linac pulse deconvolution. This correction has improved the passing rate of the 1%/1 mm gamma test criteria, between the pressure-constructed and dosimetric beam characteristics, to as high as 98%. CONCLUSIONS A full simulation workflow was developed for testing the effectiveness of iRAI as a promising relative dosimetry tool for UHDR-RT radiation therapy. IRAI has shown the advantage of 3D dose mapping through the dose signal linearity and, hence, has the potential to be a useful dosimeter at depth dose measurement and beam localization and, hence, potentially for in vivo dosimetry in UHDR-RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora H Ba Sunbul
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ibrahim Oraiqat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Dale W Litzenberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kwok L Lam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kyle Cuneo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jean M Moran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paul L Carson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shaun D Clarke
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Martha M Matuszak
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sara A Pozzi
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Issam El Naqa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
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18
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Lun MC, Ranasinghe M, Arifuzzaman M, Fang Y, Guo Y, Anker JN, Li C. Contrast agents for x-ray luminescence computed tomography. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:6769-6775. [PMID: 34613157 PMCID: PMC10775909 DOI: 10.1364/ao.431080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Imaging probes are an important consideration for any type of contrast agent-based imaging method. X-ray luminescence imaging (XLI) and x-ray luminescence computed tomography (XLCT) are both contrast agent-based imaging methods that employ x-ray excitable scintillating imaging probes that emit light to be measured for optical imaging. In this work, we compared the performance of several select imaging probes, both commercial and self-synthesized, for application in XLI/XLCT imaging. Commercially available cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) and europium-doped gadolinium oxysulfide (GOS:Eu) microphosphor as well as synthesized NaGdF4 nanophosphors doped with either europium or terbium were compared through their x-ray luminescence emission spectra, luminescence intensity, and also by performing XLCT scans using phantoms embedded with each of the imaging probes. Each imaging probe displayed a unique emission spectrum that was ideal for deep-tissue optical imaging. In terms of luminescence intensity, due to the large particle size, GOS:Eu had the brightest emission, followed by NaGdF4:Tb, NaGdF4:Eu, and finally the CdTe QDs. Lastly, XLCT scans showed that each imaging probe could be reconstructed with good shape and location accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Lun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | | | | | - Yile Fang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Yiping Guo
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Program, University of California, Merced, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Anker
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Program, University of California, Merced, Merced, California 95343, USA
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19
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Robertson E, Samant P, Wang S, Tran T, Ji X, Xiang L. X-Ray-Induced Acoustic Computed Tomography (XACT): Initial Experiment on Bone Sample. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2021; 68:1073-1080. [PMID: 33085608 PMCID: PMC8274389 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2020.3032779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
X-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography (XACT) is a unique hybrid imaging modality that combines high X-ray absorption contrast with high ultrasonic resolution. X-ray radiography and computerized tomography (CT) are currently the gold standards for 2-D and 3-D imaging of skeletal tissues though there are important properties of bone, such as elasticity and speed of sound (SOS), that these techniques cannot measure. Ultrasound is capable of measuring such properties though current clinical ultrasound scanners cannot be used to image the interior morphology of bones because they fail to address the complicated physics involved for exact image reconstruction; bone is heterogeneous and composed of layers of both cortical and trabecular bone, which violates assumptions in conventional ultrasound imaging of uniform SOS. XACT, in conjunction with the time-reversal algorithm, is capable of generating precise reconstructions, and by combining elements of both X-ray and ultrasound imaging, XACT is potentially capable of obtaining more information than any single of these techniques at low radiation dose. This article highlights X-ray-induced acoustic detection through linear scanning of an ultrasound transducer and the time-reversal algorithm to produce the first-ever XACT image of a bone sample. The results of this study should prove to enhance the potential of XACT imaging in the evaluation of bone diseases for future clinical use.
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20
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Bühling B, Strangfeld C, Maack S, Schweitzer T. Experimental analysis of the acoustic field of an ultrasonic pulse induced by a fluidic switch. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 149:2150. [PMID: 33940860 DOI: 10.1121/10.0003937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic inspection is a common tool for non-destructive testing in civil engineering (NDT-CE). Currently, transducers are coupled directly to the specimen surface, which makes the inspection time-consuming. Air-coupled ultrasound (ACU) transducers are more time-efficient but need a high pressure amplitude as the impedance mismatch between the air and the concrete is high and large penetration depth is needed for the inspection. Current approaches aim at eliminating the impedance mismatch between the transducer and the air to gain amplitude; however, they hardly fulfill the NDT-CE requirements. In this study, an alternative approach for ultrasound generation is presented: the signal is generated by a fluidic switch that rapidly injects a mass flow into the ambience. The acoustic field, the flow field, and their interaction are investigated. It is shown that the signal has dominant frequencies in the range of 35-60 kHz, and the amplitude is comparable to that of a commercial ACU transducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bühling
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Strangfeld
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Maack
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
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21
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Choi S, Park EY, Park S, Kim JH, Kim C. Synchrotron X-ray induced acoustic imaging. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4047. [PMID: 33603050 PMCID: PMC7893053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray induced acoustic imaging (XAI) is an emerging biomedical imaging technique that can visualize X-ray absorption contrast at ultrasound resolution with less ionizing radiation exposure than conventional X-ray computed tomography. So far, medical linear accelerators or industrial portable X-ray tubes have been explored as X-ray excitation sources for XAI. Here, we demonstrate the first feasible synchrotron XAI (sXAI). The synchrotron generates X-rays, with a dominant energy of 4 to 30 keV, a pulse-width of 30 ps, a pulse-repetition period of 2 ns, and a bunch-repetition period of 940 ns. The X-ray induced acoustic (XA) signals are processed in the Fourier domain by matching the signal frequency with the bunch-repetition frequency. We successfully obtained two-dimensional XA images of various lead targets. This novel sXAI tool could complement conventional synchrotron applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongwook Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Creative IT Engineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Yeong Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Creative IT Engineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinyoung Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Creative IT Engineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Creative IT Engineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Pogue BW, Zhang R, Cao X, Jia JM, Petusseau A, Bruza P, Vinogradov SA. Review of in vivo optical molecular imaging and sensing from x-ray excitation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-200308VR. [PMID: 33386709 PMCID: PMC7778455 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.1.010902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Deep-tissue penetration by x-rays to induce optical responses of specific molecular reporters is a new way to sense and image features of tissue function in vivo. Advances in this field are emerging, as biocompatible probes are invented along with innovations in how to optimally utilize x-ray sources. AIM A comprehensive review is provided of the many tools and techniques developed for x-ray-induced optical molecular sensing, covering topics ranging from foundations of x-ray fluorescence imaging and x-ray tomography to the adaptation of these methods for sensing and imaging in vivo. APPROACH The ways in which x-rays can interact with molecules and lead to their optical luminescence are reviewed, including temporal methods based on gated acquisition and multipoint scanning for improved lateral or axial resolution. RESULTS While some known probes can generate light upon x-ray scintillation, there has been an emergent recognition that excitation of molecular probes by x-ray-induced Cherenkov light is also possible. Emission of Cherenkov radiation requires a threshold energy of x-rays in the high kV or MV range, but has the advantage of being able to excite a broad range of optical molecular probes. In comparison, most scintillating agents are more readily activated by lower keV x-ray energies but are composed of crystalline inorganic constituents, although some organic biocompatible agents have been designed as well. Methods to create high-resolution structured x-ray-optical images are now available, based upon unique scanning approaches and/or a priori knowledge of the scanned x-ray beam geometry. Further improvements in spatial resolution can be achieved by careful system design and algorithm optimization. Current applications of these hybrid x-ray-optical approaches include imaging of tissue oxygenation and pH as well as of certain fluorescent proteins. CONCLUSIONS Discovery of x-ray-excited reporters combined with optimized x-ray scan sequences can improve imaging resolution and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W. Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Rongxiao Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Xu Cao
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Jeremy Mengyu Jia
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Arthur Petusseau
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Petr Bruza
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Sergei A. Vinogradov
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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23
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Matarèse BFE, Lad J, Seymour C, Schofield PN, Mothersill C. Bio-acoustic signaling; exploring the potential of sound as a mediator of low-dose radiation and stress responses in the environment. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 98:1083-1097. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1834162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno F. E. Matarèse
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jigar Lad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Colin Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Paul N. Schofield
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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24
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Li Y, Samant P, Wang S, Behrooz A, Li D, Xiang L. 3-D X-Ray-Induced Acoustic Computed Tomography With a Spherical Array: A Simulation Study on Bone Imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2020; 67:1613-1619. [PMID: 32286967 PMCID: PMC7394001 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2020.2983732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
X-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography (XACT) is a promising imaging modality combining high X-ray absorption contrast with the 3-D propagation advantages provided by high-resolution ultrasound waves. The purpose of this study was to optimize the configuration of a 3-D XACT imaging system for bone imaging. A 280 ultrasonic sensors with peak frequency of 10 MHz was designed to distribute on a spherical surface to optimize the 3-D volumetric imaging capability. We performed both theoretical calculations and simulations of this optimized XACT imaging configuration on a mouse-sized digital phantom containing various X-ray absorption coefficients. Iteration algorithm based on total variation has been used for 3-D XACT image reconstruction. The spatial resolution of imaging was estimated to about [Formula: see text] along both axial and lateral directions. We simulate XACT imaging of bone microstructures using digital phantoms generated from micro-CT images of real biological samples, showing that XACT imaging can provide high-resolution imaging of the mouse paw. Results of this study will greatly enhance the potential of XACT imaging in the evaluation of bone diseases for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing, Shandong Institute of Industrial Technology for Health Sciences and Precision Medicine, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250358, China
| | - P. Samant
- The School of Biomedical Engineering at the University of Oklahoma, Norman, US
| | - S. Wang
- The School of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Oklahoma, Norman, US
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