Dissociation as a mediator between perceived parental rearing style and depression in an adult community population using college students

Influential factors of depression: The impact of harsh parenting, school support, and rumination

Building on Beck's cognitive model of depression, this study examined the link between harsh parenting and adolescent depression via rumination. In addition, this study examined the moderating effect of school support. A survey of 4991 high school students in China was conducted utilizing the Harsh Parenting Scale, Rumination Responses Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The results of this study unveiled a positive association between harsh parenting and adolescent depression. Furthermore, it was observed that rumination partially mediated the relationship between harsh parenting and adolescent depression. Notably, the results indicated that school support exerted a negative regulatory influence on the latter part of the mediation model, demonstrating that higher levels of school support effectively mitigated the adverse impact of rumination on depression. These findings highlight the crucial role of interventions targeted at reducing harsh parenting practices and bolstering school support in mitigating adolescent depression. By addressing these factors, we can make noteworthy progress in promoting the overall well-being and mental health of adolescents.

The relationship between harsh parenting and adolescent depression

Guided by Beck's cognitive model of depression, this study comprehensively explores the mechanisms linking harsh parenting, rumination, and victimization to the development of adolescent depression. A total of 5047 adolescents were assessed using the Harsh Parenting Scale, Rumination Scale, Olweus Bullying/Victimization Questionnaire, and Beck Depression Inventory. The results indicated that harsh parenting positively influences adolescent depression. Moreover, rumination emerged as an important mediator between harsh parenting and adolescent depression, similar to victimization. Additionally, we found that both rumination and victimization act as chain mediators in the relationship between harsh parenting and adolescent depression. These findings demonstrate that harsh parenting impacts adolescent depression mediated by rumination and victimization. By shedding light on these mechanisms, this study improves our comprehension of how harsh parenting influences adolescent depression and offers valuable insights for designing interventions to alleviate depression in this population.

Dramaturgical perspective mediates the association between parenting by lying in childhood and adolescent depression and the protective role of parent-child attachment

BACKGROUND

Recent findings reveal that individuals who experience parenting by lying in childhood may exhibit depression through adulthood. Questions remain regarding the cognitive mechanism underlying this association and whether depression manifests as early as adolescence.

OBJECTIVE

Our current study used a survey to test the associations among parenting by lying in childhood, adolescent depression, dramaturgical perspective, and parent-child attachment.

PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING

Adolescents (n = 964, M_age = 13.62, SD_age = 1.04) were recruited from five secondary schools in a city in central China. A total of 446 (46.3 %) boys and 518 (53.7 %) girls participated in the survey.

METHODS

We used questionnaires to measure parenting by lying, dramaturgical perspective, parent-child attachment and depression.

RESULTS

A bias-corrected bootstrapping mediation test indicated that the process by which parenting by lying predicted depression through a dramaturgical perspective was significant,ab = .06, SE = .01, 95 % CI = [.027, .089]. Moderation analysis indicated that the interaction between parenting by lying and parent-child attachment was associated with depression (B = - .05, p < .05).

CONCLUSIONS

Parenting by lying in childhood was found to be positively associated with adolescent depression. The association was mediated by the child's use of a dramaturgical perspective and moderated by parent-child attachment. This study highlights an intriguing but under-researched parenting practice and extends our understanding of its association with adolescent depression. In practice, strengthening parent-child attachment can weaken the association between parenting by lying and depression.

How Does Parental Smartphone Addiction Affect Adolescent Smartphone Addiction?: Testing the Mediating Roles of Parental Rejection and Adolescent Depression

Little has been known about the mechanisms underlying parental smartphone addiction (PSA) and adolescent smartphone addiction (ASA). This study examined whether PSA predicts ASA and investigated the mediating roles of parental rejection (PR) and adolescent depression (ADP) among a sample of 4,415 parent-child dyads. Analysis of a serial multiple-mediator model indicated that PSA positively predicted ASA (B = 0.13, SE = 0.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.09-0.16). In addition, PR and ADP sequentially mediated the link between PSA and ASA (B = 0.01, 95% boot CI = 0.01-0.02). Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.

The prevalence of Dissociative Disorders and dissociative experiences in college populations: a meta-analysis of 98 studies

This meta-analysis of 31,905 college students includes 12 studies diagnosing Dissociative Disorders (DD) and 92 studies measuring dissociation with the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). Prevalence rates were used to separately test the plausibility of the Trauma Model (TM) and the Fantasy Model (FM) of dissociation. Results show 11.4% of students sampled meet criteria for DD, which is consistent with the prevalence of experiencing multiple (types of) trauma during childhood (12%), but is not consistent with the very low prevalence expected from the role of fantasy-proneness proposed in the FM. DES scores varied significantly across the 16 countries and were not higher in North America, but in countries that were comparatively unsafe. The least well-known DD was the most common, which is inconsistent with the FM which holds that the diagnosed person is enacting a familiar social role. There was no evidence that DES scores had decreased over recent decades, which does not support FM assertions that DD were a fad of the 1990s. Three of the five hypotheses tested provided clear support for the TM and a fourth hypothesis provided partial support for the TM. None of the five hypotheses tested supported the FM. The finding that DD were slightly more common in college populations than the general population did not support predictions of either model. The theoretical perspective of the authors moderated DES scores, although this is unlikely due to experimenter bias as studies led by FM theorists had significantly higher DES scores than those led by TM theorists.

Dissociative Experiences and Psychopathology Among Inmates in Italian and Portuguese Prisons

The association between dissociation and psychopathological symptoms is well established, yet studies with inmates are lacking. If higher rates of dissociation and psychiatric symptoms are reported in inmate samples, it is not clear whether they represent two separate, albeit related, characteristics. We examined the association between dissociation and psychopathological symptoms among 320 Italian subjects (122 inmates and 198 community participants) and a Portuguese inmate sample ( n = 67). Then, we tested whether dissociation and psychopathology levels were higher among inmates. Both hypotheses were supported, confirming the relevance of dissociative, paranoid, and psychotic symptoms among inmates, as well as their interrelations. Notably, the group difference in dissociation remained significant after partialing out the variance associated with other psychopathological symptoms. Conversely, only the difference in paranoid symptoms remained-marginally-significant when controlling for the influence of dissociation. This finding suggests that dissociation may have unique relevance for the psychological functioning of inmates.

Evaluative beliefs as mediators of the relationship between parental bonding and symptoms of paranoia and depression

This study was aimed to explore the distinct pathways that lead to depression and paranoia. We first examined the association of dysfunctional parenting experiences and negative self-evaluations in depression and paranoia. Furthermore, we also examined whether different self-evaluative beliefs could mediate the relationships between dysfunctional parenting experiences (i.e. parental overprotection or lack of care) and the development of depression and paranoia. A sample composed of 55 paranoid patients, 38 depressed patients and 44 healthy controls completed the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), the Evaluative Beliefs Scale (EBS) and some clinical scales. Our analyses revealed that lack of parental care and negative self-self evaluations were associated with depression symptoms. Analyses also revealed that parental overprotection and negative other-self evaluations were associated with paranoid symptoms. Furthermore, negative self-self and other-self evaluations fully mediated the relationship of parental overprotection and paranoia, whereas negative self-self evaluations partially mediated the relationship between lack of parental care and depression. These findings suggest that distinct patterns of parental practices may contribute to the development of different dysfunctional schemas which in turn may lead to either depression or paranoia.

Control or involvement? Relationship between authoritative parenting style and adolescent depressive symptomatology

Among factors predicting adolescent mood problems, certain aspects of the parent-adolescent relationship play an important role. In previous studies, children whose parents had an authoritative style of parenting reported the best behavioral and psychological outcomes. Therefore, the main goal of this paper was to investigate the role of authoritative parenting style and other family variables (negative family interactions and positive identification with parents) in adolescents' depressive symptomatology. The study was carried out in all primary and secondary schools in Mako and the surrounding region in Hungary in the spring of 2010, students of grades 7-12 (N = 2,072): 49.2% of the sample were males; 38.1% primary school pupils; and 61.9% high school students. Self-administered questionnaires contained items of measuring depressive symptoms (CDI) and parental variables beyond sociodemographics. Beyond descriptive statistics and calculation of correlation coefficients, multiple linear regression analyses were applied to detect relationships between parental variables and depressive scores by gender. Overall, our data support a negative association between authoritative parenting style and adolescent mood problems, particularly among girls. Among boys, only mother's responsiveness was a significant predictor. Among girls, father's parenting played a decisive role; not only his responsiveness but also demandingness. Interestingly, mother's demandingness went together with an elevated depressive score for girls. Prevention programs cannot guarantee success without taking into account the role of parents. Teaching positive parenting seems to be a part of these prevention programs that may include facilitating intimate yet autonomous relationships.

Causal Evidence that Terrorism Salience Increases Authoritarian Parenting Practices 1It is journal policy that submissions coauthored by a current editor are handled by a guest editor. We thank Guido Gendolla, who handled the current manuscript, for his efforts

The present research experimentally investigated the impact of terrorism salience on authoritarian practices. It was found that terrorist threat cues (induced by reminders of terrorist incidents) had a significant impact upon both attitudes and behaviors regarding authoritarian parenting practices (Studies 1 and 2) as well as their actual occurrence in a real parent-child playing interaction (Study 3). The implications of these findings for the social psychological perspective on threat and parenting style are discussed.