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Heffer T, Flournoy JC, Baum GL, Somerville LH. Examining the Association between Punishment and Reward Sensitivity and Response Inhibition to Previously-Incentivized Cues across Development. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-01966-z. [PMID: 38499821 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Processing and learning from affective cues to guide goal-directed behavior may be particularly important during adolescence; yet the factors that promote and/or disrupt the ability to integrate value in order to guide decision making across development remain unclear. The present study (N = 1046) assessed individual difference factors (self-reported punishment and reward sensitivity) related to whether previously-rewarded and previously-punished cues differentially impact goal-directed behavior (response inhibition) in a large developmental sample. Participants were between the ages of 8-21 years (Mage = 14.29, SD = 3.97, 50.38% female). Previously-rewarded cues improved response inhibition among participants age 14 and older. Further, punishment sensitivity predicted overall improved response inhibition among participants aged 10 to 18. The results highlight two main factors that are associated with improvements in the ability to integrate value to guide goal-directed behaviour - cues in the environment (e.g., reward-laden cues) and individual differences in punishment sensitivity. These findings have implications for both educational and social policies aimed at characterizing the ways in which youth integrate value to guide decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Heffer
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - John C Flournoy
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Graham L Baum
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Leah H Somerville
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Zhang Q. Trait anxiety predicting the developmental trajectories of depression symptoms in children: The mediating role of attentional control. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38439653 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Trait anxiety and attentional control are important factors related to depression symptoms. The study investigated how trait anxiety and attentional control predicted the trajectories of depression symptoms during the transition into early adolescence. The mediating effect of attentional control on the relationship of trait anxiety to the trajectories of depression symptoms was also examined. Children of 9 to 10 years were recruited at Time 1. Trait anxiety, attentional control, and depression symptoms were assessed at Time 1. Depression symptoms were measured at three follow-up assessments across 18 months. Latent class growth modeling revealed high (14.4%) and low (85.6%) trajectories of depression symptoms. Higher trait anxiety and lower attentional control predicted a higher likelihood of showing the trajectory of high depressive symptoms. Attentional control mediated the relationship of trait anxiety to the trajectory membership of depression symptoms. The findings had important implications for the association of trait anxiety with the trajectory membership of depression symptoms and highlighted the importance of attentional control in the development of depression symptoms for children with high trait anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Zhang
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Talisman NW, Rohrbeck CA. Anxiety and fear: Testing distinctions with theoretically-informed vignettes. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Balle M, Fiol-Veny A, de la Torre-Luque A, Llabres J, Bornas X. Temperamental Change in Adolescence and Its Predictive Role on Anxious Symptomatology. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12060194. [PMID: 35735404 PMCID: PMC9219936 DOI: 10.3390/bs12060194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that temperamental traits are not static throughout adolescence. The known links between both reactive and regulatory temperament and anxiety symptoms should be investigated bearing this hypothesis in mind. This study collected self-reported data on behavioral inhibition system (BIS) sensitivity, attentional control (AC), and anxiety symptomatology, from 296 adolescents (64.2% girls; M = 12.96 years at the first assessment, SD = 0.47) every six months, four times over eighteen months. The relationships between temperament factors (AC and BIS sensitivity), considered longitudinally (by means of their trajectories) and anxiety symptoms were investigated using Multigroup Latent Growth Modeling (MLGM), as well as the mediating effect of sex on trajectories and anxiety. BIS sensitivity decreased over time and showed differential patterns across sexes. AC remained relatively stable and we found no sex influence on its trajectory. On the other hand, we observed that the BIS sensitivity trajectory was a significant predictor of anxiety symptomatology at age 15. In conclusion, temperamental changes between the ages of 13 and 15 seem to play a relevant role in explaining subsequent anxiety symptomatology, under the mediating influence of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Balle
- University Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain; (M.B.); (A.F.-V.); (J.L.); (X.B.)
| | - Aina Fiol-Veny
- University Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain; (M.B.); (A.F.-V.); (J.L.); (X.B.)
| | - Alejandro de la Torre-Luque
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, CIBERSAM, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Jordi Llabres
- University Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain; (M.B.); (A.F.-V.); (J.L.); (X.B.)
| | - Xavier Bornas
- University Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain; (M.B.); (A.F.-V.); (J.L.); (X.B.)
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Developmental differences in description-based versus experience-based decision making under risk in children. J Exp Child Psychol 2022; 219:105401. [PMID: 35245779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The willingness to take a risk is shaped by temperaments and cognitive abilities, both of which develop rapidly during childhood. In the adult developmental literature, a distinction is drawn between description-based tasks, which provide explicit choice-reward information, and experience-based tasks, which require decisions from past experience, each emphasizing different cognitive demands. Although developmental trends have been investigated for both types of decisions, few studies have compared description-based and experience-based decision making in the same sample of children. In the current study, children (N = 112; 5-9 years of age) completed both description-based and experience-based decision tasks tailored for use with young children. Child temperament was reported by the children's primary teacher. Behavioral measures suggested that the willingness to take a risk in a description-based task increased with age, whereas it decreased in an experience-based task. However, computational modeling alongside further inspection of the behavioral data suggested that these opposite developmental trends across the two types of tasks both were associated with related capacities: older (vs. younger) children's higher sensitivity to experienced losses and higher outcome sensitivity to described rewards and losses. From the temperamental characteristics, higher attentional focusing was linked with a higher learning rate on the experience-based task and a bias to accept gambles in the gain domain on the description-based task. Our findings demonstrate the importance of comparing children's behavior across qualitatively different tasks rather than studying a single behavior in isolation.
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Anxiety Sensitivity and Distress Tolerance Predict Changes in Internalizing Symptoms in Individuals Exposed to Interpersonal Trauma. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-021-10234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Struijs SY, Lamers F, Rinck M, Roelofs K, Spinhoven P, Penninx BWJH. The predictive value of Approach and Avoidance tendencies on the onset and course of depression and anxiety disorders. Depress Anxiety 2018; 35:551-559. [PMID: 29689597 PMCID: PMC6032866 DOI: 10.1002/da.22760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trait and automatic approach-avoidance (AA) tendencies are central concepts in research on affective disorders. We longitudinally examined the associations of trait and automatic AA tendencies with the risk of onset and chronicity of anxiety and depressive disorders. METHODS Participants were subdivided into those with (n = 766) versus without (n = 1,636) a current anxiety or depression diagnosis at baseline. Clinical diagnoses were reassessed after 2-year follow-up. Automatic AA tendencies in reaction to facial expressions were assessed using the Approach-Avoidance Task, whereas self-reported trait AA tendencies were assessed using the Behavioral Inhibition System and the Behavioral Activation System scales. Analyses were adjusted for socio-demographics (basic adjustment) and for severity and history of psychopathology (full adjustment). RESULTS Stronger trait avoidance tendencies predicted both increased risk of onset and increased risk of a chronic course of anxiety disorders after full adjustment (Odds ratioonset = 1.55, P < .001, and Odds ratiochronicity = 1.31, P = .03). The associations between stronger trait avoidance tendencies and increased risk of onset and chronicity of depressive disorders were no longer significant after full adjustment. In contrast, trait approach tendencies and automatic AA tendencies were not related to onset or chronicity of disorders. CONCLUSIONS Increased trait avoidance tendencies are a risk factor for affective disorders in general, with possibly a slightly more pronounced role in anxiety than depressive disorders. This underlines the importance of addressing trait avoidance tendencies in both the treatment and aftercare of affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Y. Struijs
- Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteVU University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Femke Lamers
- Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteVU University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Mike Rinck
- Behavioural Science InstituteRadboud University NijmegenNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Karin Roelofs
- Behavioural Science InstituteRadboud University NijmegenNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Philip Spinhoven
- Institute of PsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenthe Netherlands,Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteVU University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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Forcadell E, Torrents-Rodas D, Treen D, Fullana MA, Tortella-Feliu M. Attentional Control and Fear Extinction in Subclinical Fear: An Exploratory Study. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1654. [PMID: 29018384 PMCID: PMC5622961 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Attentional control (AC) and fear extinction learning are known to be involved in pathological anxiety. In this study we explored whether individual differences in non-emotional AC were associated with individual differences in the magnitude and gradient of fear extinction (learning and recall). In 50 individuals with fear of spiders, we collected measures of non-emotional AC by means of self-report and by assessing the functioning of the major attention networks (executive control, orienting, and alerting). The participants then underwent a paradigm assessing fear extinction learning and extinction recall. The two components of the orienting network functioning (costs and benefits) were significantly associated with fear extinction gradient over and above the effects of trait anxiety. Specifically, participants with enhanced orienting costs (i.e., difficulties in disengaging attention from cues not relevant for the task) showed faster extinction learning, while those with enhanced orienting benefits (i.e., attention facilitated by valid cues) exhibited faster extinction recall as measured by fear-potentiated startle and Unconditioned Stimulus expectancies, respectively. Our findings suggest that, in non-emotional conditions, the orienting component of attention may be predictive of fear extinction. They also show that the use of fear extinction gradients and the exploration of individual differences in non-emotional AC (using performance-based measures of attentional network functioning) can provide a better understanding of individual differences in fear learning. Our findings also may help to understand differences in exposure therapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Forcadell
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - David Torrents-Rodas
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Specialized Department in Mental Health and Intellectual Disability, Institut Assistència Sanitària (IAS), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Salt, Spain
| | - Devi Treen
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel A Fullana
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Anxiety Unit, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Hospital del Mar, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Tortella-Feliu
- University Research Institute on Health Sciencies (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Mallorca, Spain.,PROMOSAM Red de Investigación en Procesos, Mecanismos y Tratamientos Psicológicos para la Promoción de la Salud Mental, Mallorca, Spain
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Vervoort L, Vandeweghe L, Vandewalle J, Van Durme K, Vandevivere E, Wante L, McIntosh K, Verbeken S, Moens E, Goossens L, Braet C. Measuring Punishment and Reward Sensitivity in children and adolescents with a parent-report version of the Bis/Bas-scales. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Tortella-Feliu M, Morillas-Romero A, Balle M, Bornas X, Llabrés J, Pacheco-Unguetti AP. Attentional control, attentional network functioning, and emotion regulation styles. Cogn Emot 2013; 28:769-80. [PMID: 24295123 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2013.860889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Attentional network functioning in emotionally neutral conditions and self-reported attentional control (AC) were analysed as predictors of the tendency to engage in dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies. Diminished attentional orienting predicted an increased tendency to engage in brooding rumination, and enhanced alertness predicted a greater chance of suppression, beyond trait anxiety and self-reported AC, which were not predictive of either rumination or suppression. This is the first study to show that some forms of dysfunctional emotion regulation are related to the attentional network functioning in emotionally neutral conditions. Results are discussed in relation to regulatory temperament and anxiety-related attentional biases literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Tortella-Feliu
- a University Institute for Research on Health Sciences , University of the Balearic Islands , Palma (Majorca) , Spain
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