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Liang T, Wang X, Ng S, Xu X, Ning Z. The dark side of mental toughness: a meta-analysis of the relationship between the dark triad traits and mental toughness. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1403530. [PMID: 39118845 PMCID: PMC11308948 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1403530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This meta-analysis investigates the relationships between the Dark Triad personality traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) and mental toughness. Previous research has shown mixed results regarding the influence of these traits on mental toughness. The objective of this meta-analysis is to synthesize existing literature and provide a comprehensive understanding of how Dark Triad traits correlate with mental toughness. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted in 7 databases, Data were extracted by correlation and analyzed using a random-effects model. Results The results yielding 27 effect sizes with a total of 12,378 participants, revealed a significant moderate positive association between narcissism and mental toughness (r = 0.327, p < 0.001), suggesting that individuals with higher levels of narcissism tend to exhibit greater mental toughness. However, no significant associations were found between Machiavellianism (r = 0.023, p = 0.719) or psychopathy (r = -0.022, p = 0.625) and mental toughness. Discussion The findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the Dark Triad traits and their differential associations with adaptive psychological constructs, highlighting the unique role of narcissism in mental toughness. This meta-analysis provides valuable insights for future research and practical applications in fostering adaptive aspects of narcissism while mitigating its potential maladaptive consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taihe Liang
- Institute of Physical Education, Hainan Normal University, Hainan, China
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China
| | - Xianfei Wang
- Institute of Physical Education, Hainan Normal University, Hainan, China
| | - Sanfan Ng
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziheng Ning
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China
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Fathirezaie Z, Badicu G, Yagin FH, Aghdasi M, Zamani Sani SH, Abbaspour K, Ballı ÖM, Entezar S, Ardigò LP. Personality and motivation of physical activity in adolescent girls: effects of perceived parental support and social physical anxiety. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:799. [PMID: 38481212 PMCID: PMC10938660 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the relationship between personality and motivation for physical activity while introducing perceived parental support and social physical anxiety in adolescent girls (N = 318, Mage: 16.19 ± 0.51 years). The present study was a retrospective correlational study that was conducted to analyze of a path model. Dark triad traits: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy, student's motivation for physical activity, social physique anxiety, and participants' perceptions of parents' behaviors were measured. The findings indicated that psychopathy and Machiavellianism were directly and indirectly associated with motivation for physical activity, but Narcissism could only directly predict the motivation for physical activity. Also, need-thwarting (the most), need-supportive and social physical anxiety could predict motivation for physical activity. This model of the result suggests that among adolescent girls, dark triad personality could, directly and indirectly, predict motivation with need-supportive and need-thwarting and also social physical anxiety. It seems that the sense of importance and more attention to oneself in adolescent girls, which exists in the narcissistic personality, can directly lead to more motivation for physical activity. Also, the duplicitous ways of Machiavellian people in pursuing their motives were confirmed in this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Fathirezaie
- Motor Behavior Department, Physical Education and Sport Sciences Faculty; Brain & Movement research group, Research Center of Biosciences and Biotechnology (RCBB), University of Tabriz, 51666, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Georgian Badicu
- Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, 500068, Braşov, Romania.
| | - Fatma Hilal Yagin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Türkiye.
| | - Mohamadtaghi Aghdasi
- Motor Behavior Department, Physical Education and Sport Sciences Faculty; Brain & Movement research group, Research Center of Biosciences and Biotechnology (RCBB), University of Tabriz, 51666, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Hojjat Zamani Sani
- Motor Behavior Department, Physical Education and Sport Sciences Faculty; Brain & Movement research group, Research Center of Biosciences and Biotechnology (RCBB), University of Tabriz, 51666, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kosar Abbaspour
- Motor Behavior Department, Physical Education and Sport Sciences Faculty; Brain & Movement research group, Research Center of Biosciences and Biotechnology (RCBB), University of Tabriz, 51666, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sara Entezar
- Motor Behavior Department, Physical Education and Sport Sciences Faculty; Brain & Movement research group, Research Center of Biosciences and Biotechnology (RCBB), University of Tabriz, 51666, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Luca Paolo Ardigò
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA Høgskolen, Linstows gate 3, 0166, Oslo, Norway.
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Hughes DJ, Adie JW, Kratsiotis IK, Bartholomew KJ, Bhakta R, Martindale J. Dark personality traits and psychological need frustration explain future levels of student satisfaction, engagement, and performance. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Socially aversive dark traits and the drive for social connectedness. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lisá E, Valachová M. Dispositional employability and self-regulation in antisocial and prosocial personalities: different contributions to employability. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:7. [PMID: 36624541 PMCID: PMC9830865 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The manuscript is based on the dispositional approach of employability, dispositional personality trait theories (dark triad, light triad, HEXACO honesty-humility), and reinforcement sensitivity theory. The facet-focused analysis allowed a more targeted interpretation of the results about the contribution of dark/light personalities and self-regulation for employability and a deeper understanding of practical implications. We analyzed the mediating effect of the behavioral activating system (BAS drive) on antisocial and prosocial traits in predicting employability. The convenient research sample consisted of 343 students. Participants completed: The short dark triad, light triad, honesty-humility, dispositional employability, and BIS/BAS. Dark traits explained 17.5% of work/career resilience, 12% of work identity, 6.4% of career motivation, and 6.6% of openness to changes at work. Narcissism explained 20% of work/career resilience. Prosocial traits explained 19.7% of work/career resilience, 16.8% of work identity, 11.8% of career motivation, and 5.3% of openness to changes at work. Modesty explained 10% of career motivation variance. BAS drive mediates predictions of employability by prosocial and antisocial traits. Demanding attention from others and focusing on making a good impression are effective tools for employability. Prosocial traits significant for BAS drive-activated participants (believing in the goodness of people and avoiding fraud and corruption) can be supported in organizations by providing career growth opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lisá
- grid.7634.60000000109409708Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynské Luhy 4, 821 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Valachová
- grid.7634.60000000109409708Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynské Luhy 4, 821 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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How Does Collective Moral Judgment Induce Unethical Pro-Organizational Behaviors in Infrastructure Construction Projects: The Mediating Role of Machiavellianism. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13010057. [PMID: 36661629 PMCID: PMC9854831 DOI: 10.3390/bs13010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The sustainable development of infrastructure construction projects heavily depends on favorable cooperation of all parties and ethical code of conduct, while Un-ethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) may undermine the mutual efforts and cause serious consequences. UPB has aroused wide interest of researchers, but what may trigger construction employees to engage in UPB at team-level has not been elucidated completely. With information asymmetry and huge uncertainty, the behaviors of employees in temporary project teams are marked by environmental and personal characters. The study discusses the influences of collective moral judgement focus on self (CMJS) and Machiavellianism on UPB. Through a moderated mediation analysis conducted on a set of survey data from Chinese construction projects, the empirical results of the two-level hierarchical linear model indicate that CMJS positively impacts UPB directly, and meanwhile Machiavellianism acts as a partial mediator in the relationship between CMJS and UPB. The findings also reveal that performance-avoidance goal orientation (PAGO) and motivation to learn (MTL) moderate and strengthen the relationship between Machiavellianism and UPB. The study offers practical suggestions for both project managers and policymakers of construction projects.
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Xu X, Gao LF, Lian SL, Chen Q, Zhou ZK. How the Dark Triad associated with internet gaming disorder? The serial mediation of basic psychological needs satisfaction and negative coping styles. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-9. [PMID: 36471813 PMCID: PMC9714411 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03996-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
According to the I-PACE model, this study focused on the role of need satisfaction and negative coping styles in the relationship between the Dark Triad (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism) and internet gaming disorder (IGD). In a sample of 749 emerging adult gamers, a multiple mediation model with Dark Triad as the distal variable, psychological need satisfaction and negative coping style as mediating variables, and IGD as the outcome variable was tested. Results indicated that Machiavellianism and psychopathy were found to be significant predictors of IGD when mediated by psychological need satisfaction and negative coping styles. Narcissism predicts IGD only through the indirect effect of negative coping styles. The findings enhanced our understanding that Machiavellianism and psychopathy are characterized by compensatory use of internet games, as well as added new perspectives to the understanding of addiction mechanisms in narcissists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling-feng Gao
- Institute of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuai-lei Lian
- College of Education and Sports Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zong-kui Zhou
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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9
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Kay CS. Animal House: The Dark Tetrad traits and membership in sororities and fraternities. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 222:103473. [PMID: 34915340 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Very little is known about the relationship between antagonistic personality traits and membership in Greek-letter organizations (GLOs). The present study (N = 2191) examined the association between the Dark Tetrad traits-Machiavellianism, grandiose narcissism, psychopathy, and everyday sadism-and membership in sororities and fraternities. Participants who were high in grandiose narcissism were more likely to be in sororities and fraternities, whereas participants who were high in Machiavellianism and everyday sadism were less likely to be in these organizations. Psychopathy was not significantly associated with membership in GLOs. Taken together, the present results suggest that members of GLOs are not necessarily more manipulative, cold-hearted, or cruel than their non-GLO counterparts, but they may be more entitled, domineering, and status-seeking.
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Schattke K, Marion-Jetten AS. Distinguishing the Explicit Power Motives. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIE-JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Power is an important motivator at work, particularly for leaders. However, power also relates to dark personality traits, which negatively affect employees and organizations. Therefore, we argue that a high explicit power motive is a double-edged sword depending on whether people desire power for dominance, prestige, or leadership. We explored these research questions in a cross-sectional ( N = 151 employees) and a prospective study ( N = 371 leaders). Both studies revealed that dominance is most strongly related to Machiavellianism and moderately to narcissism and psychopathy. Prestige related strongly to narcissism and weakly to Machiavellianism, while leadership only weakly related to narcissism. Dominance best predicted counterproductive work behavior (CWB), while leadership best-predicted organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). In addition, Study 2 showed that transformational and, to a lesser extent, transactional leadership styles mediated the relations between the three power motives with OCB and CWB, respectively. Thus, promoting transformational leadership might be a fruitful way of channeling leaders’ power motives into pro-social actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaspar Schattke
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
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11
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Lisá E, Valachová M. Dispositional mindfulness as a mediator between basic psychological needs and dark triad traits. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Differential benefits of social resources for low versus high Machiavellians: A three-study constructive replication. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Onyedire NG, Chukwuorji JC, Orjiakor TC, Onu DU, Aneke CI, Ifeagwazi CM. Associations of Dark Triad traits and problem gambling: Moderating role of age among university students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-0093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Zhu X, Wang F, Geng Y. Machiavellianism on quality of life: The role of lifestyle, age, gender, social support. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica A. Koehn
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Ceylan Okan
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Peter K. Jonason
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia,
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Schilbach M, Baethge A, Rigotti T. Why employee psychopathy leads to counterproductive workplace behaviours : an analysis of the underlying mechanisms. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2020.1739650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Baethge
- Department of Psychology, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Rigotti
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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17
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O viés da aquiescência e a estrutura fatorial do Dirty Dozen e do Short Dark Triad. PSICO 2020. [DOI: 10.15448/1980-8623.2020.2.33945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A tríade sombria—maquiavelismo, narcisismo e psicopatia—tem sido tradicionalmente avaliada via inventários de autorrelato. Entretanto, instrumentos de autorrelato podem estar suscetíveis à aquiescência ou tendência a concordar com itens mesmo quando possuem conteúdo antagônico. O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar a dimensionalidade de dois populares instrumentos de autorrelato da tríade, o Dirty Dozen e o Short Dark Triad, verificando a interferência do viés da aquiescência na estrutura fatorial de cada medida. Participaram do estudo 449 universitários (média de idades = 23,47; DP = 6,76; 64% mulheres). O controle da aquiescência produziu soluções fatoriais mais interpretáveis do que a tradicional modelagem bi-factor, amplamente utilizada na área. Os achados também revelam fragilidades na composição teórica de ambos os instrumentos. Argumenta-se que a economia das medidas breves da “tríade sombria” não deve vir desencontrada de uma estrutura fatorial que reflita o conhecimento atual sobre a multidimensionalidade desses traços.
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Jonason PK, Underhill D, Navarrate CD. Understanding prejudice in terms of approach tendencies: The Dark Triad traits, sex differences, and political personality traits. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Curtis SR, Richards DK, Jones DN. The Association between Psychopathy and Influencing Others to Use Substances. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:1097-1105. [PMID: 32091946 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1729196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Although a large body of research has examined the impact of peer influence on substance use, little is known about the psychology of who influences others to use substances and why. The Dark Triad is a set of personality traits that may inform the characteristics of people who influence others to use substances.Objective: The aim of the present two studies was to examine potential associations between Dark Triad personality traits, especially psychopathy, and influencing others to use substances.Methods: Two samples of 162 and 161 Mechanical Turk workers were recruited for Study 1 to complete an online survey that assessed Dark Triad traits, history of influencing others to use substances, and motivations for doing so. Similarly, 303 Mechanical Turk workers were recruited for Study 2 to complete an online survey that assessed personal substance use as well as psychopathy levels of participants' closest friends.Results: Study 1 found that individuals high in psychopathy were more likely to have provided illegal substances to others and indicated a willingness to do so in the future. Study 2 found that participants reported a higher likelihood of using substances if they indicated that their best friend was high in psychopathy and had themselves used substances in the past.Conclusions: Taken together, these findings suggest that psychopathy has a unique association with influencing others to use substances. These findings have implications for intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby R Curtis
- Department of Social Psychology, The University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Dylan K Richards
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel N Jones
- Department of Social Psychology, The University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
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Grapsas S, Brummelman E, Back MD, Denissen JJA. The "Why" and "How" of Narcissism: A Process Model of Narcissistic Status Pursuit. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020; 15:150-172. [PMID: 31805811 PMCID: PMC6970445 DOI: 10.1177/1745691619873350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We propose a self-regulation model of grandiose narcissism. This model illustrates an interconnected set of processes through which narcissists (i.e., individuals with relatively high levels of grandiose narcissism) pursue social status in their moment-by-moment transactions with their environments. The model shows that narcissists select situations that afford status. Narcissists vigilantly attend to cues related to the status they and others have in these situations and, on the basis of these perceived cues, appraise whether they can elevate their status or reduce the status of others. Narcissists engage in self-promotion (admiration pathway) or other-derogation (rivalry pathway) in accordance with these appraisals. Each pathway has unique consequences for how narcissists are perceived by others, thus shaping their social status over time. The model demonstrates how narcissism manifests itself as a stable and consistent cluster of behaviors in pursuit of social status and how it develops and maintains itself over time. More broadly, the model might offer useful insights for future process models of other personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eddie Brummelman
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam
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Prusik M, Szulawski M. The Relationship Between the Dark Triad Personality Traits, Motivation at Work, and Burnout Among HR Recruitment Workers. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1290. [PMID: 31231283 PMCID: PMC6566539 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We focus on the Dark Triad personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) and their relationships to the mechanisms of motivation and level of burnout that people experience at work. From the motivational perspective, the needs associated with the Dark Triad traits might be satisfied in work environments by selecting different goals or motives. Moreover, the selection of different goals and motives may be related to the level of burnout syndrome that some people develop. We use the Short Dark Triad Personality Test, Barbuto’s Motivation Sources Inventory, and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory to measure triad traits, preferred work motives, and level of burnout, respectively. The results show that in general, some part of the relationship between the Dark Triad traits and burnout is mediated by the motivational sources. As expected, the Dark Triad traits are more closely related to external sources of motivation (especially instrumental motivation), which are in turn partly associated with higher levels of burnout. The results also suggest that the trajectory of the relationship between the Dark Triad traits and burnout via motivation sources is different from expected, presenting a background for discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Prusik
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Kaufman SB, Yaden DB, Hyde E, Tsukayama E. The Light vs. Dark Triad of Personality: Contrasting Two Very Different Profiles of Human Nature. Front Psychol 2019; 10:467. [PMID: 30914993 PMCID: PMC6423069 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While there is a growing literature on "dark traits" (i.e., socially aversive traits), there has been a lack of integration with the burgeoning research literature on positive traits and fulfilling and growth-oriented outcomes in life. To help move the field toward greater integration, we contrasted the nomological network of the Dark Triad (a well-studied cluster of socially aversive traits) with the nomological network of the Light Triad, measured by the 12-item Light Triad Scale (LTS). The LTS is a first draft measure of a loving and beneficent orientation toward others ("everyday saints") that consists of three facets: Kantianism (treating people as ends unto themselves), Humanism (valuing the dignity and worth of each individual), and Faith in Humanity (believing in the fundamental goodness of humans). Across four demographically diverse samples (N = 1,518), the LTS demonstrated excellent reliability and validity, predicting life satisfaction and a wide range of growth-oriented and self-transcendent outcomes above and beyond existing measures of personality. In contrast, the Dark Triad was negatively associated with life satisfaction and growth-oriented outcomes, and showed stronger linkages to selfish, exploitative, aggressive, and socially aversive outcomes. This exploratory study of the contrasting nomological networks of the Light vs. Dark Triad provides several ways forward for more principled and data driven approaches to explore both the malevolent and beneficent sides of human nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Barry Kaufman
- Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania,, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David Bryce Yaden
- Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania,, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Hyde
- Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania,, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eli Tsukayama
- Business Administration Division, University of Hawai‘i-West O‘ahu, Kapolei, HI, United States
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Jonason PK, Tome J. How happiness expectations relate to the Dark Triad traits. The Journal of Social Psychology 2018; 159:371-382. [PMID: 30307810 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2018.1529652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In samples of Americans (N = 273) and Indians (N = 194) paid through Mechanical Turk (Study 1) and British (N = 132) volunteers contacted through Reddit (Study 2), we examined how the Dark Triad traits (i.e., psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism) were associated with happiness expectations when participants imagined solving adaptive tasks. In Study 1, the traits were linked to forecasted happiness in achieving status and power and mate-seeking, with psychopathy demonstrating less happiness when pursuing slow life history tasks (e.g., avoiding diseases), whereas the other two traits led to expectations of happiness when forming social bonds, retaining mates, and avoiding pathogens. In Study 2, the traits were associated with choosing to pursue mating opportunities to induce happiness. Women expected more happiness in response to ensuring their safety over pursuing mating opportunities. We suggest happiness might be an affective feedback system that rewards people for pursuing their life history goals.
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Jonason PK, Zeigler-Hill V. The fundamental social motives that characterize dark personality traits. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jonason PK. Bright lights, big city: The Dark Triad traits and geographical preferences. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rogers KH, Le MT, Buckels EE, Kim M, Biesanz JC. Dispositional malevolence and impression formation: Dark Tetrad associations with accuracy and positivity in first impressions. J Pers 2018; 86:1050-1064. [PMID: 29457846 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Dark Tetrad traits (subclinical psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and everyday sadism) have interpersonal consequences. At present, however, how these traits are associated with the accuracy and positivity of first impressions is not well understood. The present article addresses three primary questions. First, to what extent are perceiver levels of Dark Tetrad traits associated with differing levels of perceptive accuracy? Second, to what extent are target levels of Dark Tetrad traits associated with differing levels of expressive accuracy? Finally, to what extent can Dark Tetrad traits be differentiated when examining perceptions of and by others? METHOD In a round-robin design, undergraduate participants (N = 412) in small groups engaged in brief, naturalistic, unstructured dyadic interactions before providing impressions of their partner. RESULTS Dark Tetrad traits were associated with being viewed and viewing others less distinctively accurately and more negatively. CONCLUSIONS Interpersonal perceptions that included an individual scoring highly on one of the Dark Tetrad traits differed in important ways from interactions among individuals with more benevolent personalities. Notably, despite the similarities between the Dark Tetrad, traits had unique associations with interpersonal perceptions.
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Geng Y, Yang Z, Zhang R, Fan W, Yan F, Sai X, Liu Y. Relations between Machiavellianism, internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in adolescents: A one-year longitudinal study. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wissing BG, Reinhard MA. The Dark Triad and the PID-5 Maladaptive Personality Traits: Accuracy, Confidence and Response Bias in Judgments of Veracity. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1549. [PMID: 28983264 PMCID: PMC5613765 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dark Triad traits—narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy—have been found to be associated with intra- or interpersonal deception production frequency. This cross-sectional study (N = 207) investigated if the Dark Triad traits are also associated with deception detection accuracy, as implicated by the recent conception of a deception-general ability. To investigate associations between maladaptive personality space and deception, the PID-5 maladaptive personality traits were included to investigate if besides Machiavellianism, Detachment is negatively associated with response bias. Finally, associations between the Dark Triad traits, Antagonism, Negative Affectivity and confidence judgments were investigated. Participants watched videos of lying vs. truth-telling senders and judged the truthfulness of the statements. None of the Dark Triad traits was found to be associated with the ability to detect deception. Detachment was negatively associated with response bias. Psychopathy was associated with global confidence judgments. The results provide additional support that dark and maladaptive personality traits are associated with judgmental biases but not with accuracy in deception detection. The internal consistencies of 4 of the 8 subscales of the used personality short scales were only low and nearly sufficient (αs =0.65–0.69).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benno G Wissing
- Department of Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, University of KasselKassel, Germany
| | - Marc-André Reinhard
- Department of Psychology, Social Psychology, University of KasselKassel, Germany
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Fatfouta R, Zeigler-Hill V, Schröder-Abé M. I’m merciful, am I not? Facets of narcissism and forgiveness revisited. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Jonason PK, Foster J, Oshio A, Sitnikova M, Birkas B, Gouveia V. Self-construals and the Dark Triad traits in six countries. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractWe argue that the target authors focus too much on adaptive behavioral responses and not enough on actual psychological adaptations. We suggest the Dark Triad traits may represent facultative, psychological adaptations sensitive to seasonal variance and food shortages. We document that shorter distances from the equator are linked to higher national narcissism levels, whereas longer distances are associated with higher national-level machiavellianism. Dark Triad traits may serve as critical survival mechanisms when prioritizing oneself over and/or at the cost of others.
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Nübold A, Bader J, Bozin N, Depala R, Eidast H, Johannessen EA, Prinz G. Developing a Taxonomy of Dark Triad Triggers at Work - A Grounded Theory Study Protocol. Front Psychol 2017; 8:293. [PMID: 28326048 PMCID: PMC5339219 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In past years, research and corporate scandals have evidenced the destructive effects of the dark triad at work, consisting of narcissism (extreme self-centeredness), psychopathy (lack of empathy and remorse) and Machiavellianism (a sense of duplicity and manipulativeness). The dark triad dimensions have typically been conceptualized as stable personality traits, ignoring the accumulating evidence that momentary personality expressions - personality states - may change due to the characteristics of the situation. The present research protocol describes a qualitative study that aims to identify triggers of dark triad states at work by following a grounded theory approach using semi-structured interviews. By building a comprehensive categorization of dark triad triggers at work scholars may study these triggers in a parsimonious and structured way and organizations may derive more effective interventions to buffer or prevent the detrimental effects of dark personality at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Nübold
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands
| | - Josef Bader
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Nera Bozin
- Department of Psychology, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Romil Depala
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of OxfordOxford, UK
| | | | | | - Gerhard Prinz
- Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
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