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Li T, Liu Y. Evaluation and test of the reliability and validity of the Chinese defeat scale in the elite athletes of Chinese universities. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21347. [PMID: 39284866 PMCID: PMC11405387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69952-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
To test the reliability and validity of the "Defeat Scale" and explore whether the scale is suitable for use in surveys of college athletes. A total of 226 athletes from five universities in China were selected for evaluation using the defeat scale. Factor analysis and correlation analysis were used to explore the reliability and validity of the defeat scale. Exploratory factor analysis showed that two factors could be extracted from this scale, namely a sense of decadence and a sense of low achievement. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit of the two factors was excellent (X2/DF = 2.809, RMSEA = 0.092, SRMR = 0.054, NFI = 0.891, IFI = 0.927, CFI = 0.926, GFI = 0.919, TLI = 0.910) . The convergent validity AVE values are 0.579 and 0.505 respectively, AVE > 0.5, and the combined reliability is 0.946 and 0.746 respectively. Both > 0.7 indicate good convergence effect. The arithmetic square roots of AVE, 0.760 and 0.710, are both higher than the absolute value of the correlation coefficient between the two dimensions, 0.30, indicating good discriminant validity; and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of defeat is 0.931, and the Spearman-Brown coefficient is 0.888. The defeat scale has good reliability and validity among college athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Physical Education Teaching and Research Section, Cangzhou Jiaotong College, Hebei, China
| | - Yameng Liu
- Physical Education Teaching and Research Section, Cangzhou Jiaotong College, Hebei, China.
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Peres B, Campos PF. A systematic review of reminder and guidance systems for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias patients: context, barriers and facilitators. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024; 19:2133-2146. [PMID: 37987633 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2023.2277821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To present the latest available research assessing the actual impact of reminder and guidance technologies for daily activities in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia's patients, outlining design implications for these technologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The search was conducted in the ACM Digital Library, IEEExplore, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Sage Journal, ResearchGate, and SemanticScholar. An iteratively-developed Boolean search string was built including up to 18 AND/OR terms across Four categories (Memory Aids, Technology, Daily Activities, Memory Impairment). We qualitatively analyzed the findings and discussions of the findings reported in 40 studies in our corpus to determine common barriers to, and facilitators of, effective intervention implementation and adoption. RESULTS Forty studies fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In existing studies, individuals with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias understand the usefulness of different functions that can be provided within an app to assist with everyday tasks. There was a high level of heterogeneity regarding the studies' location, duration, and evaluation methodology. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for assistive reminder and guidance technologies to be tailored towards autonomy, identity and personalization. Future work should include motivating features to aid during mood changes and feelings of insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Peres
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Interactive Technologies Institute Polo Científico e Tecnológico da Madeira, Caminho da Penteada, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Campos
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Interactive Technologies Institute Polo Científico e Tecnológico da Madeira, Caminho da Penteada, Funchal, Portugal
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Choi H, Shin H. Entrapment, Hopelessness, and Cognitive Control: A Moderated Mediation Model of Depression. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081065. [PMID: 37107899 PMCID: PMC10138122 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the roles that hopelessness and cognitive control play in the relationship between entrapment and depression. Data were collected from 367 college students in South Korea. The participants completed a questionnaire that consisted of the Entrapment Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Inventory, and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory. Results showed that hopelessness partially mediated the relationship between entrapment and depression. In addition, cognitive control moderated the relationship between entrapment and hopelessness: greater cognitive control weakened the positive association between entrapment and hopelessness. Finally, the mediating effect of hopelessness was moderated by cognitive control. The findings of this study expand the understanding of the protective role of cognitive control, especially when an increased sense of entrapment and hopelessness intensifies depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Choi
- Department of Education, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - HaeJin Shin
- College of Liberal Arts, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
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Aslan M, Lee YFL, Yaman F, Aksu A. Investigation of the effect of the career management system and succession plan on employees’ work stress and feelings of entrapment. Work 2022; 74:1035-1054. [PMID: 36442179 DOI: 10.3233/wor-211096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Work stress and feeling of entrapment are harmful physical and emotional results for employees when the workload demands exceed their capacities. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the effects of the career management system and succession plan on employees’ work stress and feelings of entrapment in hopes of improving employees’ well-being to promote business continuity. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the convenient sampling method was adopted. The research was conducted with the participation of call center agents (n = 621) of three call centers in Turkey. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) path analysis was performed on the collected data for hypothesis testing. RESULTS: Both career management systems (CMS) and succession plans (SP) reduce employees’ work stress and feelings of entrapment. Work stress was found to mediate the effects of CMS and SP on the Feeling of Entrapment. The CMS reduces the work stress of employees with university degrees than those with a high school diploma. Meanwhile, SP reduces more of the feeling of entrapment for employees newly starting their jobs (with 0–2 years of seniority) than the workers with three or more years of seniority. CONCLUSION: Empirically, the feeling of entrapment seems higher among the employees with three or more years of seniority, suggesting that human resource management should focus on employees’ work stress and feeling of job insecurity issues and offer possible and timely solutions. Furthermore, organizations showing care to newly arriving staff and giving them job assurance is believed crucial to improving employees’ recruitment and retention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fatih Yaman
- Istanbul Teknik University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Aksu
- Independent Researcher, Istanbul, Turkey
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Karni‐Efrati Z, Palgi Y, Greenblatt‐Kimron L, Bodner E. The moderating effect of care‐burden on formal caregiver's mental health during
COVID
‐19. Int J Older People Nurs 2022; 17:e12482. [PMID: 35644042 PMCID: PMC9347578 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Homecare organisations employ professionals (i.e. gerontologists, nurses, occupational therapists, physiotherapists and social workers) to help their clients gain rights and supervise non‐professional formal caregivers. Formal caregivers, and especially those who work closely with impaired older people, are at greater risk of infecting or being infected by SARS‐Cov‐2 (COVID‐19). During the first waves of COVID‐19, older people were encouraged to stay home; and the care‐burden inflicted on their caregivers has increased. Objectives This study examined formal caregiver's mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic, that is, the association between anxiety and depression symptoms and how care‐burden moderated this association. Methods A cross‐sectional online survey conducted in the home care services sector throughout Israel. A sample of 400 formal caregivers of older people (Mage = 47.7, SD = 13.8) completed a questionnaire regarding their levels of care‐burden, general anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms. Results A significant positive relationship was found between anxiety and depressive symptoms among formal caregivers. The level of care‐burden moderated this relationship, showing that caregivers with higher care‐burden demonstrated a stronger association between anxiety and depressive symptoms. Conclusions Professionals may use ADL/IADL as a practical index to assess care‐burden and the risk of mistreatment. Implications for Practice Formal caregivers with higher care‐burden should get enhanced professional's support to reduce adverse mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Karni‐Efrati
- Department of Gerontology University of Haifa Mount Carmel Israel
| | - Yuval Palgi
- Department of Gerontology University of Haifa Mount Carmel Israel
| | | | - Ehud Bodner
- Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
- Deprtment of Music Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
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Zheng Y, Wu CH, Zheng XJ, Pan J. Followers' unclear demands during the COVID-19 pandemic can undermine leaders' well-being: A moderated mediation model from an entrapment perspective. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2021; 71:935-958. [PMID: 34898803 PMCID: PMC8652980 DOI: 10.1111/apps.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although effective leaders are important for reducing employee stress during the COVID-19, limited studies have examined how follower behaviors can influence leader stress and well-being during the COVID-19. This study draws on defeat-entrapment theory to examine how followers' unclear demands during the COVID-19 consequently impact leaders' psychological states and well-being. We conducted a three-wave time-lagged investigation with a sample of 281 leaders in the United Kingdom and found that followers' unclear demands could generate feelings of entrapment in leaders, leading to decreased levels of well-being outcomes in leaders. Importantly, we found that leaders who have higher levels of leadership responsibility during the COVID-19 are likely to feel trapped by followers' unclear demands. They are also likely to face higher levels of feelings of entrapment and impaired well-being compared with leaders who have lower levels of leadership responsibility. We discuss the implications for theories and practices, as well as directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Zheng
- Surrey Business School, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences University of Surrey Guildford UK
| | - Chia-Huei Wu
- Management Division, Leeds University Business School University of Leeds Leeds UK.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | | | - Jingzhou Pan
- College of Management and Economics (COME) Tianjin University Tianjin China
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Xu C, Yu X, Tsamlag L, Zhang S, Chang R, Wang H, Liu S, Wang Y, Cai Y. Evaluating the validity and reliability of the Chinese entrapment scale and the relationship to depression among men who have sex with men in Shanghai, China. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:328. [PMID: 34215241 PMCID: PMC8254295 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perception of entrapment can emerge when someone feels trapped in an aversive situation and incapable of escape. Depression is closely related to the construct of entrapment. In China, men who have sex with men (MSM) have a high prevalence of depression; therefore, a tool to evaluate entrapment in this population is needed. We evaluated the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the entrapment scale (ES) and the relationship to depression among MSM in Shanghai, China. METHODS We recruited 304 MSM from four districts in Shanghai, China. Participants completed health behavior questionnaires that included baseline information and psychological measurements such as the ES and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The sample was randomly divided into two groups for exploratory factor analysis (n = 143) and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 161). Criterion validity was tested to explore the correlation between the ES and PHQ-9 scores. The reliability of the ES was evaluated with internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α coefficient) and split-half reliability (Spearman-Brown coefficient). We performed hierarchical regression analysis to determine the variance explained of entrapment to predicting depressive symptoms after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Finally, receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was performed to measure the optimal ES cut-off value for predicting depression. RESULTS Factor analysis showed the ES had one principal component, and one-dimensional scale had more acceptable model fit indices than two-dimensional model. The correlation coefficient between the ES and PHQ-9 scores was 0.756 (P < 0.01). The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.970 and the Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.976. ES scores significantly predicted an additional 45.1% of depressive symptoms after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics in the MSM population (β = 0.689, P < 0.001). The optimum cut-off value was 23, which had a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 85.4%. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese version of the ES has good validity and reliability in the MSM population in Shanghai, and can be used to evaluate perception of entrapment among MSM. The findings confirmed an association between entrapment and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Yu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Lhakpa Tsamlag
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Chang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Huwen Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangbin Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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Figueiredo MDLF, Gutierrez DMD, Darder JJT, Silva RF, Carvalho MLD. Formal caregivers of dependent elderly people in the home: challenges experienced. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2021; 26:37-46. [PMID: 33533859 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020261.32462020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the characteristics and challenges experienced by formal caregivers of dependent elderly at home. METHODS Multicenter qualitative study, conducted in six Brazilian cities, with formal caregivers of dependent elderly people. The interviews were conducted using a semi-structured guide, at their homes, from May to August 2019, lasting an average of 60 minutes. RESULTS Participants were 27 formal caregivers with a mean age of 46 years, predominantly female, with mean care time for the elderly of two years and six months, without professional training of caregivers. The analysis and interpretation of the statements led to the formulation of three thematic categories: Working and health conditions of the formal caregiver; Profile and ways of caring; and Care challenges. FINAL THOUGHTS There is need to know the characteristics and demands of formal caregivers of dependent elderly people domiciled for the development of public policies and effective interventions, taking into account the needs presented by these professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rutielle Ferreira Silva
- Universidade Federal do Piauí. Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Ininga. 64049-550 Teresina PI Brasil.
| | - Mariana Lustosa de Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Piauí. Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Ininga. 64049-550 Teresina PI Brasil.
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Carvalho S, Caetano F, Pinto-Gouveia J, Mota-Pereira J, Maia D, Pimentel P, Priscila C, Gilbert P. Predictors of poor 6-week outcome in a cohort of major depressive disorder patients treated with antidepressant medication: the role of entrapment. Nord J Psychiatry 2021; 75:38-48. [PMID: 32646266 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2020.1790657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a small number of consistent processes predict which depressed patients will achieve remission with antidepressant medication. One set of processes is that of social ranking strategies/variables that are related to life events and severe difficulties. Particularly, defeat and entrapment predict poorer response to antidepressants. However, results are inconsistent. AIM The current study aimed to evaluate evolutionary strategies, childhood maltreatment, neglect and life events and difficulties (LEDs) as predictors of remission in depressed patients undergoing pharmacological treatment in a psychiatric outpatient sample. METHODS A cohort of 139 depressed outpatients undergoing pharmacological treatment was followed prospectively in a naturalistic study for 6 weeks. Two major evaluations were considered at baseline and 6 weeks. We allocated patients to a pharmacological treatment algorithm for depression - the Texas Medication Algorithm Project. Variables evaluated at baseline and tested as predictors of remission included demographic and clinical data, severity of depression, social ranking, evolution informed variables, LEDs and childhood maltreatment. RESULTS Of the 139 patients, only 24.5% were remitted at week 6. In univariate analyses, non-remitted patients scored significantly higher in all psychopathology and vulnerability scales except for submissive behaviour and internal entrapment. For the logistic regression, a higher load of LEDs of the entrapment and humiliation dimension in the year before the index episode (OR = 6.62), and higher levels external entrapment in the Entrapment Scale (OR = 1.10) predicted non-remission. These variables accounted for 28.7% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS Multivariate analysis revealed that external entrapment was the only predictor of non-remission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Pinto-Gouveia
- CINEICC, Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Dulce Maia
- Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paulo Pimentel
- Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Paul Gilbert
- Centre for Compassion Research and Training, College of Health and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
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Sturman ED. An evolutionary perspective on winning, losing, and acceptance: The Development of the Defeat, Victory, and Acceptance Scale (DVAS). PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Distress and demoralization of hospital nurses as a function of sources of stress and job seniority. Appl Nurs Res 2018; 43:61-63. [PMID: 30220365 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore job-related factors associated with distress and demoralization among hospital nurses, using a cross-sectional mixed-method design. BACKGROUND Sources of job stress for nurses are mainly organizational or emotional care-related and can result in adverse outcomes such as distress or demoralization, but factors associated with demoralization in nurses still need to be thoroughly explored. METHODS A convenience sample of 150 nurses from three public hospitals completed an online survey on job stress, distress, demoralization, and feelings of entrapment in the caring profession. RESULTS Emotional job stress was linked to higher distress and demoralization, compared to no job stress, and to higher feelings of entrapment, compared to both organizational and no job stress, among senior nurses. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study points to the study of demoralization as a promising line of research in hospital nursing, but further longitudinal studies with larger samples are needed.
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