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Saboor S, Medina A, Marciano L. Application of Positive Psychology in Digital Interventions for Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e56045. [PMID: 39141906 PMCID: PMC11358669 DOI: 10.2196/56045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising prevalence of mental health issues in children, adolescents, and young adults has become an escalating public health issue, impacting approximately 10%-20% of young people on a global scale. Positive psychology interventions (PPIs) can act as powerful mental health promotion tools to reach wide-ranging audiences that might otherwise be challenging to access. This increased access would enable prevention of mental disorders and promotion of widespread well-being by enhancing self-efficacy, thereby supporting the achievement of tangible objectives. OBJECTIVE We aimed to conduct a comprehensive synthesis of all randomized controlled trials and controlled trials involving children, adolescents, and young adults, encompassing both clinical and nonclinical populations, to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of digital PPIs in this age group. METHODS After a literature search in 9 electronic databases until January 12, 2023, and gray literature until April 2023, we carried out a systematic review of 35 articles, of which 18 (51%) provided data for the meta-analysis. We included randomized controlled trials and controlled trials mainly based on web-based, digital, or smartphone-based interventions using a positive psychology framework as the main component. Studies included participants with a mean age of <35 years. Outcomes of PPIs were classified into indicators of well-being (compassion, life satisfaction, optimism, happiness, resilience, emotion regulation and emotion awareness, hope, mindfulness, purpose, quality of life, gratitude, empathy, forgiveness, motivation, and kindness) and ill-being (depression, anxiety, stress, loneliness, and burnout). PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were used for the selection of studies and data extraction. Quality assessment was performed following the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) guidelines. RESULTS For well-being outcomes, meta-analytic results showed that PPIs augmented the feeling of purpose, gratitude, and hope (Hedges g=0.555), compassion (Hedges g=0.447), positive coping behaviors (Hedges g=0.421), body image-related outcomes (Hedges g=0.238), and positive mindset predisposition (Hedges g=0.304). For ill-being outcomes, PPIs reduced cognitive biases (Hedges g=-0.637), negative emotions and mood (Hedges g=-0.369), and stress levels (Hedges g=-0.342). Of note, larger effect sizes were found when a waiting list control group was considered versus a digital control group. A funnel plot showed no publication bias. Meta-regression analyses showed that PPIs tended to show a larger effect size on well-being outcomes in studies including young adults, whereas no specific effect was found for ill-being outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Revised evidence suggests that PPIs benefit young people's well-being and mitigate ill-being symptoms. Digital platforms offer a unique way to address their mental health challenges, although not without limitations. Future research should explore how they work for the needs of the young population and further examine what specific PPIs or combination of interventions is most beneficial with respect to other digital control groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42023420092; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=420092.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundas Saboor
- Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Adrian Medina
- Deptartment of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Laura Marciano
- Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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2
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Pastore OL, Fortier MS. The mediating role of self-compassion in positive education for student mental health during COVID-19. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daad107. [PMID: 37721374 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this quasi-experimental design, we tested the hypothesis that a quality of life (QOL) positive education course delivered online during COVID-19 would promote undergraduate students' mental health by improving self-compassion. A total of 104 students (69 enrolled in the QOL course and 35 in control courses) completed a questionnaire assessing mental health and self-compassion before and after completion of their courses. Two-way mixed ANCOVAs were used to analyse the effects of the positive education course on mental health and self-compassion over time. Compared to control students, QOL students' mental health and self-compassion significantly increased from baseline to endpoint. A simple mediation analysis confirmed the mediating role of self-compassion between the positive education course and enhanced mental health. This study adds to the emerging literature vis-à-vis positive education and its effects on student mental health through self-compassion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L Pastore
- Department of Human Kinetics, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 125 University Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 1A2, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, 475 Pine Ave W, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1S4, Canada
| | - Michelle S Fortier
- Department of Human Kinetics, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 125 University Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 1A2, Canada
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Sheikh-Wu SF, Anglade D, Gattamorta K, Downs CA. Relationships Between Colorectal Cancer Survivors' Positive Psychology, Symptoms, and Quality of Life. Clin Nurs Res 2023; 32:171-184. [PMID: 35996878 DOI: 10.1177/10547738221113385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examined colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors' symptom and symptom cluster characteristics (occurrence, frequency, and severity), positive psychology (benefit-finding and post-traumatic growth), and quality of life (QoL), and determined whether positive psychology moderates symptoms and QoL relationship during acute cancer survivorship, time from diagnosis to treatment completion. A total of 117 CRC survivors completed demographics, symptoms, QoL, and positive psychology questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression, and moderation analyses were performed. Participants reported high QoL (94%, M = 5.15) and moderate-high positive psychology (75%, M = 3.21). Nineteen symptoms and five symptom clusters were inversely related to QoL (p < .05). Positive psychology (M = ~≥3.24) moderated the relationship of QoL (p < .05) with symptoms occurrence (n = 10), symptom severity (n = 1), and with the generalized symptom cluster (weakness, fatigue, dizziness, drowsy, sleep disturbances, and pain). Positive psychology aids in symptom management and improves QoL. Nurses are poised to identify, prevent, promote, and advocate self-management skills to improve health-related outcomes.
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Liu X, Wang H, Zhu Z, Zhang L, Cao J, Zhang L, Yang H, Wen H, Hu Y, Chen C, Lu H. Exploring bridge symptoms in HIV-positive people with comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:448. [PMID: 35790936 PMCID: PMC9254609 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders in people living with HIV (PLWH) is high. However, it is unclear which symptom is the bridge symptom between depression and anxiety in PLWH. This study aimed to develop symptom networks for depression and anxiety and explore the bridge symptoms and interconnectedness between these disorders in PLWH with comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders. METHODS A multisite, hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2020 to November 2021. Depression and anxiety were measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. We visualized the symptom network using the qgraph package and computed the bridge expected influence of each node. The GLASSO layout was used to generate undirected association networks. RESULTS A total of 2016 individuals were included in the analysis. In the anxiety cluster, "not feeling relaxed" had the highest bridge expected influence and strength (rbridge expected influence = 0.628, rstrength = 0.903). In the depression cluster, "not feeling cheerful" was identified as having a high bridge expected influence (rbridge expected influence = 0.385). "Not feeling cheerful" and "not feeling relaxed" were the strongest edges across the depression and anxiety clusters (r = 0.30 ± 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Healthcare professionals should take note when PLWH report severe bridge symptoms. To enhance the levels of perceived cheerfulness and relaxation, positive psychology interventions could be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Liu
- grid.410741.7Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112 Guangdong Province China ,grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111National Heart & Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hui Wang
- grid.410741.7Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112 Guangdong Province China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, 305 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Fudan University Centre for Evidence-based Nursing: A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- grid.410741.7Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112 Guangdong Province China
| | - Jing Cao
- grid.410741.7Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112 Guangdong Province China
| | - Lin Zhang
- grid.470110.30000 0004 1770 0943Department of Nursing, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Yang
- grid.508267.eDepartment of Nursing, Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Huan Wen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443School of Nursing, Fudan University, 305 Fenglin Rd, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Fudan University Centre for Evidence-based Nursing: A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Shanghai, China
| | - Congzhou Chen
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China.
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Sheikh-Wu SF, Gerber KS, Pinto MD, Downs CA. Mechanisms and Methods to Understand Depressive Symptoms. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2022; 43:434-446. [PMID: 34752200 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2021.1998261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms, feelings of sadness, anger, and loss that interfere with a person's daily life, are prevalent health concerns across populations that significantly result in adverse health outcomes with direct and indirect economic burdens at a national and global level. This article aims to synthesize known mechanisms of depressive symptoms and the established and emerging methodologies used to understand depressive symptoms; implications and directions for future nursing research are discussed. A comprehensive search was performed by Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, MEDLINE, and PUBMED databases between 2000-2021 to examine contributing factors of depressive symptoms. Many environmental, psychological, and physiological factors are associated with the development or increased severity of depressive symptoms (anhedonia, fatigue, sleep and appetite disturbances to depressed mood). This paper discusses biological and psychological theories that guide our understanding of depressive symptoms, as well as known biomarkers (gut microbiome, specific genes, multi-cytokine, and hormones) and established and emerging methods. Disruptions within the nervous system, hormonal and neurotransmitters levels, brain structure, gut-brain axis, leaky-gut syndrome, immune and inflammatory process, and genetic variations are significant mediating mechanisms in depressive symptomology. Nursing research and practice are at the forefront of furthering depressive symptoms' mechanisms and methods. Utilizing advanced technology and measurement tools (big data, machine learning/artificial intelligence, and multi-omic approaches) can provide insight into the psychological and biological mechanisms leading to effective intervention development. Thus, understanding depressive symptomology provides a pathway to improve patients' health outcomes, leading to reduced morbidity and mortality and the overall nation-wide economic burden.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2021.1998261 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameena F Sheikh-Wu
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Kathryn S Gerber
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Melissa D Pinto
- Sue and Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Charles A Downs
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
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Krifa I, Hallez Q, van Zyl LE, Braham A, Sahli J, Ben Nasr S, Shankland R. Effectiveness of an online positive psychology intervention among Tunisian healthcare students on mental health and study engagement during the Covid-19 pandemic. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2021; 14:1228-1254. [PMID: 34939332 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imen Krifa
- Mental illness Epidemiology Research Laboratory, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Higher School of Sciences and Techniques of Health of Sousse, Department of Psychiatry LR12ES04, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Quentin Hallez
- Laboratory DIPHE, Department of Psychology, Education and Vulnerabilities, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Llewellyn Ellardus van Zyl
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands.,Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, South Africa.,Department of Human Resource Management, University of Twente, the Netherlands.,Department of Social Psychology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Amel Braham
- Mental illness Epidemiology Research Laboratory, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Department of Psychiatry LR12ES04, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Jihene Sahli
- Laboratory of Research Quality of Care and Management of Maternal Health Services, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Selma Ben Nasr
- Mental illness Epidemiology Research Laboratory, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Department of Psychiatry LR12ES04, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Rebecca Shankland
- Laboratory DIPHE, Department of Psychology, Education and Vulnerabilities, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France
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Trémaud M, Aguiar YP, Pavani JB, Gepner B, Tardif C. What do digital tools add to classical tools for sociocommunicative and adaptive skills in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder? ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE 2021. [DOI: 10.3917/anpsy1.214.0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Effectiveness of different music interventions on managing symptoms in cancer survivors: A meta-analysis. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2021; 52:101968. [PMID: 34020137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2021.101968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Music-based interventions can provide non-pharmacological, low-cost treatment for symptoms. This meta-analysis's purpose is to examine music-based interventions' effectiveness on psychological distress symptoms (anxiety, stress, and depressive symptoms), aspects of positive psychology (benefit-finding and resilience), and quality of life (QoL). METHODS This meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and meta-analytic methods suggested by Hedges and Olkin (1985). A systematic literature search between 2000 and 2020 was conducted using CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Studies and intervention characteristics were independently coded. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies, Cochrane Collaboration's Tool for Assessing Risk of Bias, Begg and Mazumdar's rank correlation, and Egger's regression test evaluated publication bias. RESULTS Twenty-nine of thirty-five eligible studies were included in the statistical analysis. The overall (g = 0.34, SE = 2.27, p < 0.05) and psychological distress symptoms sub-outcome type (g = 0.47, SE = 0.18, p < 0.05) models with moderator analyses were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Culturally appropriate music-based interventions conducted in the clinical setting that used passive listening with headphones, occurring ≥ 3-times a week over ≥ 2 months, positively impacted gynecology survivors undergoing chemotherapy and surgical treatments. Specifically, interventions that were ≥ 35-minutes, listening to folk or mixed-music positively impacted psychological distress symptoms, whereas new-age music negatively impacted psychological distress symptoms, positive psychology, and QoL outcomes. Future research should examine positive psychology characteristics (perceived levels of positive adjustment, change, and coping) and include larger cohorts with various cancer populations across all cancer survivorship continuum. Culturally appropriate interventions could lead to greater adherence, compliance, and clinical effectiveness and increase the findings' significance and generalizability.
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Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial that Altruism Moderates the Effect of Prosocial Acts on Adolescent Well-being. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 50:29-43. [PMID: 33278014 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite growing public and scientific interest in the positive benefits of prosociality, there has been little research on the causal effects of performing kind acts for others on psychological well-being during adolescence. Developmental changes during adolescence, such as greater perspective taking, can promote prosociality. It was hypothesized that performing kind acts for others would improve adolescent well-being (positive and negative affect, perceived stress) and increase prosocial giving. As part of a randomized controlled trial, 97 adolescents (Mage = 16.224, SD = 0.816, range 14-17; 53.608% female) were assigned to either perform kind acts for others (Kindness to Others, N = 33), perform kind acts for themselves (Kindness to Self, N = 34), or report on daily activities (Daily Report, N = 30) three times per week for four weeks. Well-being factors were measured weekly and giving was tested post-intervention. Overall, changes over time in well-being did not differ across conditions. However, altruism emerged as a significant moderator such that altruistic adolescents in the Kindness to Others condition showed increased positive affect, decreased negative affect, and decreased stress. Increased positive affect was also linked to greater prosocial giving for Kindness to Others adolescents. These findings identify individual differences that may shape the effects of doing kind acts for others on well-being during adolescence.
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Congard A, Andreotti E, Dauvier B, Le Vigouroux S, Antoine P. Modification of Affective Trajectory in a Positive Psychology Intervention. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2020; 12:770-786. [DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Congard
- Nantes UniversityLaboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la LoireLPPL, EA 4638 Nantes France
| | - Eva Andreotti
- University of LilleCNRSUMR 9193 ‐ SCALab ‐ Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives Lille France
| | - Bruno Dauvier
- Center for Research on the Psychology of Cognition, Langage and Emotion Aix‐Marseille University Aix‐en‐Provence France
| | | | - Pascal Antoine
- University of LilleCNRSUMR 9193 ‐ SCALab ‐ Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives Lille France
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Antoine P, Andreotti E, Congard A. Positive psychology intervention for couples: A pilot study. Stress Health 2020; 36:179-190. [PMID: 31943738 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this randomized study, a multicomponent, theory-driven, autonomous self-help positive psychology intervention (PPI) for couples was examined. This intervention was not designed for distressed couples but rather to address autonomous couples with a good initial level of functioning who, nonetheless, wished to improve it. The objective was to assess the efficacy of the PPI on satisfaction with life, affective life, communication patterns, and dyadic adjustment in each member of the dyad. The 4-week PPI encompassed dyadic and individual daily activities. Thirty-eight couples were assigned to an intervention group (n = 20 couples) or a waiting list control (WLC) group (n = 18 couples). Assessments were conducted prior to and after the PPI, with an immediate post-test and a follow-up. Ninety-two percent of the PPI was completed by the participants. Linear mixed models revealed improvements in positive emotions, communication patterns of mutuality, and dyadic adjustment from the pretest to the immediate post-test in the intervention group compared with the WLC group. Effects of dyadic adjustment were maintained from pretest to 1-month follow-up in the intervention group. This pilot study suggests that the realization of intentional dyadic activities presents an interesting approach to contribute to individual positive emotions and dyadic functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Antoine
- CNRS, UMR 9193-SCALab-Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Eva Andreotti
- CNRS, UMR 9193-SCALab-Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne Congard
- Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL, EA 4638, Univ. Nantes, Nantes, France
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12
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Pavani JB, Berna G, Andreotti E, Guiller T, Antoine P, Dauvier B, Congard A. Between-Individual Differences in Baseline Well-Being and Emotion Regulation Strategy Use Moderate the Effect of a Self-Help Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Typical Adults. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2019; 12:411-431. [PMID: 31869005 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-help interventions intended to help nonclinical individuals regulate their emotions can have important social benefits (i.e. mental disorder prevention, well-being promotion). However, their mean effect size on well-being is generally low, possibly because there are considerable between-individual differences in the response to these interventions. The present study examined whether individuals' baseline levels of emotional well-being and engagement in emotion regulation strategies moderate the effects on these same variables in a 4-week self-help cognitive-behavioral intervention intended for typical adults. METHODS Data were collected from 158 nonclinical French adults (n = 95 for the control group, n = 63 for the cognitive-behavioral group) using experience sampling. Emotional well-being was assessed, as well as the engagement in three emotion regulation strategies (i.e. cognitive reappraisal, problem solving, and appreciation). RESULTS As expected, the post-test scores on some variables were significantly predicted by the interactions between the intervention and the pre-test scores on these same variables. In particular, it was the participants with the most negative baseline levels (i.e. low emotional well-being, low engagement in appreciation) who benefitted most from the intervention. CONCLUSIONS Results are discussed in the light of current knowledge on between-individual differences in how individuals respond to interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Pavani
- Center for Research on the Psychology of Cognition, Language and Emotion (PsyCLE), Aix Marseille University, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Guillaume Berna
- Cognitive and Affective Sciences Laboratory (SCALab), University of Lille 3-CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Eva Andreotti
- Cognitive and Affective Sciences Laboratory (SCALab), University of Lille 3-CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Theo Guiller
- Center for Research on the Psychology of Cognition, Language and Emotion (PsyCLE), Aix Marseille University, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Pascal Antoine
- Cognitive and Affective Sciences Laboratory (SCALab), University of Lille 3-CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Bruno Dauvier
- Center for Research on the Psychology of Cognition, Language and Emotion (PsyCLE), Aix Marseille University, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Anne Congard
- Pays de la Loire Psychology Laboratory (LPPL), University of Nantes, Nantes, France
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Görges F, Oehler C, von Hirschhausen E, Hegerl U, Rummel-Kluge C. GET.HAPPY2 - User perspectives on an internet-based self-management positive psychology intervention among persons with and without depression: Results from a retrospective survey. J Clin Psychol 2019; 76:1030-1046. [PMID: 31714609 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research suggests that online positive psychology interventions (PPI) are frequently used by individuals with symptoms of depression. We aimed to investigate differences in the way depressed and nondepressed users react to the content of an existing online PPI, originally designed for the general public. METHOD In a retrospective online survey, we assessed discontinuation parameters, aspects of satisfaction with the program, and negative reactions among users of an online PPI. RESULTS Bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that, overall, reactions between depressed and nondepressed individuals were similar. Differences were observed concerning reasons for using and for discontinuing the program, the perception of exercises, and negative reactions. CONCLUSIONS Although satisfaction with the program was high, it did not seem to fully meet users' expectations and might be more difficult to complete during episodes of depression. Implications of this study for the adaptation of online PPIs addressing depressed individuals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Görges
- Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Caroline Oehler
- Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Hegerl
- Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Rummel-Kluge
- Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Barnes C, Mongrain M. A three-factor model of personality predicts changes in depression and subjective well-being following positive psychology interventions. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2019.1651891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Lilly M, Calhoun R, Painter I, Beaton R, Stangenes S, Revere D, Baseman J, Meischke H. Destress 9-1-1-an online mindfulness-based intervention in reducing stress among emergency medical dispatchers: a randomised controlled trial. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:705-711. [PMID: 31138676 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emergency medical dispatchers (EMDs) experience significant stress in the workplace. Yet, interventions aimed at reducing work-related stress are difficult to implement due to the logistic challenges associated with the relatively unique EMD work environment. This investigation tested the efficacy of a 7-week online mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) tailored to the EMD workforce. METHODS Active-duty EMDs from the USA and Canada (n=323) were randomly assigned to an intervention or wait list control condition. Participants completed surveys of stress and mindfulness at baseline, post intervention, and 3 months follow-up. Repeated measures mixed effects models were used to assess changes in stress and mindfulness. RESULTS Differences between the intervention group and control group in pre-post changes in stress using the Calgary Symptoms of Stress Inventory were statistically significant, with a difference of -10.0 (95% CI: -14.9, -5.2, p<0.001) for change from baseline to post intervention, and a difference of -6.5 (95% CI: -11.9, -1.1, p=0.02) for change from baseline to 3 months follow-up. Change in mindfulness scores did not differ between groups. However, increases in mindfulness scores were correlated with greater reductions in stress for all participants, regardless of group (r=-0.53, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Development of tailored online MBIs for employees working in challenging work environments offer a promising direction for prevention and intervention. This study found that a short, weekly online MBI for EMDs resulted in reductions in reports of stress. Implications of online MBIs in other emergency responding populations and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Lilly
- Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Rebecca Calhoun
- Northwest Center for Public Health Practice, University of Washington, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Ian Painter
- Northwest Center for Public Health Practice, University of Washington, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Randal Beaton
- Northwest Center for Public Health Practice, University of Washington, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Scott Stangenes
- Northwest Center for Public Health Practice, University of Washington, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Debra Revere
- Northwest Center for Public Health Practice, University of Washington, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Janet Baseman
- Northwest Center for Public Health Practice, University of Washington, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Hendrika Meischke
- Northwest Center for Public Health Practice, University of Washington, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
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16
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Choubisa R, Singh K. Development and validation of a web-delivered positive psychological intervention in an Indian Milieu: Lessons from a limited pilot randomized controlled trial. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2018.1488512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rajneesh Choubisa
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS), Pilani, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kamlesh Singh
- Department of Humanities & Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Görges F, Oehler C, von Hirschhausen E, Hegerl U, Rummel-Kluge C. GET.HAPPY - Acceptance of an internet-based self-management positive psychology intervention for adult primary care patients with mild and moderate depression or dysthymia: A pilot study. Internet Interv 2018; 12:26-35. [PMID: 30135766 PMCID: PMC6096332 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A growing number of internet interventions have been shown to help in alleviating symptoms of depression. So far, only little research has focused on other methods than CBT. The present study aimed to investigate the level of satisfaction with a positive psychology online training among patients with mild and moderate depression or dysthymia. Secondary outcome measures included changes in symptom severity, health related quality of life, and negative effects. METHODS A total of 81 participants were allocated to the intervention. They were asked to complete online questionnaires and were called by one of the study psychologists at baseline, at post-treatment, and at follow-up (3 months after completion of the intervention). Shorter questionnaires were administered after each module. RESULTS Overall satisfaction was promising. While participants seemed to be very satisfied with many aspects of the program itself, they were slightly less satisfied with its impact on the problems they sought to solve. Overall, negative effects attributed to the program were small with one exception. At post-treatment, 22.6% of the participants felt that they or their problems were not taken seriously by the program. Symptom severity decreased over time with mild to moderate effect sizes. There was a moderate increase in satisfaction with mental health at both post-treatment and follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The online program investigated here may be a useful resource-oriented addition to the standard treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Görges
- Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Caroline Oehler
- Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Hegerl
- Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Rummel-Kluge
- Depression Research Centre, German Depression Foundation, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University, Semmelweisstr. 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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