1
|
Considering sadism in the shadow of the Dark Triad traits: A meta-analytic review of the Dark Tetrad. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
2
|
The ends justify the means? Psychometric parameters of the MACH-IV, the two-dimensional MACH-IV and the trimmed MACH in Brazil. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00892-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
3
|
Starlinger A, Voracek M, Tran US. Vulnerable narcissism and the dark factor of personality: Insights from a cross-validated item-level and scale-level factor-analytic approach. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
4
|
Into the heart of darkness: A person-centered exploration of the Dark Triad. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
5
|
Schade EC, Voracek M, Tran US. The Nexus of the Dark Triad Personality Traits With Cyberbullying, Empathy, and Emotional Intelligence: A Structural-Equation Modeling Approach. Front Psychol 2021; 12:659282. [PMID: 34149547 PMCID: PMC8211728 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.659282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study set out to elucidate the complex suite of associations between the Dark Triad personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy), emotional intelligence, empathy, and cyberbullying, as the respective findings regarding this topic have been inconsistent. Studies preponderantly have relied on abbreviated Dark Triad measures that do not differentiate between its lower-order facets. Further, most extant studies have exclusively been based on female psychology undergraduates and have not accounted for known sex differences on the Dark Triad traits and cyberbullying, or for negative associations between cyberbullying and age. Therefore, this nexus of interrelations was investigated in a diverse community sample (N = 749). A structural equation-modeling approached was used to examine predictors of cyberbullying and to test for mediating relationships between lower-order Dark Triad facets and emotional intelligence and empathy. Multigroup models were applied to test for sex-specific patterns. Empathy did not predict cyberbullying, whereas emotional intelligence partly mediated the Dark Triad associations with cyberbullying among both sexes. Sex-specific patterns in the associations between Dark Triad traits and cyberbullying were particularly observed for the grandiose and vulnerable narcissism facets. Emotional intelligence appeared to buffer effects of grandiose narcissism on cyberbullying. Future research could fruitfully explore cyberbullies' profiles regarding primary and secondary psychopathy, sex differences in narcissism, and buffering effects of emotional intelligence. Further improvements regarding the measurement of dark personality traits are indicated as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estelle C Schade
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Voracek
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich S Tran
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dinić BM, Sadiković S, Wertag A. Factor Mixture Analysis of the Dark Triad and Dark Tetrad. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The aim of this research was to examine the structure of the Dark Triad and Tetrad traits by answering the question whether a person-centered or a variable-centered approach is more suitable for their description, or its combination. Moreover, we examined whether the inclusion of sadism into the dark traits constellation would change the results. On a sample of 404 participants, both short and full-length measures of the Dark Triad were used, while sadism was assessed via Short Sadistic Impulse Scale. The results of the factor mixture analysis showed that the variable-centered approach is better at describing the Dark Triad, but the inclusion of sadism resulted in qualitatively different latent profiles, suggesting that the person-centered approach could serve in describing the Dark Tetrad. Inclusion of sadism led to the isolation of higher Dark Tetrad-sadism profile in both short and full-length measures and this profile showed the higher risk behaviors and interpersonal problems. Other isolated profiles could be interpreted as lower and higher Dark Tetrad profiles, with some specificities. Results showed that inclusion of sadism contributed to the isolation of profile more prone to sadism, but also to isolation of other profiles, suggesting that it could change the relations among dark traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bojana M. Dinić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Selka Sadiković
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Anja Wertag
- Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Haslam N. Unicorns, snarks, and personality types: A review of the first 102 taxometric studies of personality. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Haslam
- Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ren F, Li X, Chen G, Wang MC, Xia F. A taxometric analysis of psychopathy in a Chinese prison sample. Psych J 2020; 9:924-933. [PMID: 32844608 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As psychopathy is one of the major personality disorders-relating to severe pathological syndromes of personality-clarity concerning the nature of the latent structure of psychopathy is necessary for accurate assessment. In the present study, psychopathy was assessed in 339 Chinese male prisoners aged 18 to 35 years with three subscales of the Youth Psychopathy Trait Inventory - Short Version (YPI-SV). Three different taxometric analyses were used to assess the taxonicity of psychopathy, and a three-factor solution to the YPI-SV was used as the basis of the analysis. Consistency tests of the three different procedures showed strongly that the latent structure was dimensional rather than categorical. Moreover, the mean comparison curve fit index was close to .40, which also clearly indicates a dimensional result. These results confirm the fact that the factor solution applies in most studies of psychopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Ren
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gongxiang Chen
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng-Cheng Wang
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, The Key Laboratory for Juveniles Mental Health and Educational Neuroscience in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangjing Xia
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Taxometric procedures have been used extensively to investigate whether individual differences in personality and psychopathology are latently dimensional or categorical ('taxonic'). We report the first meta-analysis of taxometric research, examining 317 findings drawn from 183 articles that employed an index of the comparative fit of observed data to dimensional and taxonic data simulations. Findings supporting dimensional models outnumbered those supporting taxonic models five to one. There were systematic differences among 17 construct domains in support for the two models, but psychopathology was no more likely to generate taxonic findings than normal variation (i.e. individual differences in personality, response styles, gender, and sexuality). No content domain showed aggregate support for the taxonic model. Six variables - alcohol use disorder, intermittent explosive disorder, problem gambling, autism, suicide risk, and pedophilia - emerged as the most plausible taxon candidates based on a preponderance of independently replicated findings. We also compared the 317 meta-analyzed findings to 185 additional taxometric findings from 96 articles that did not employ the comparative fit index. Studies that used the index were 4.88 times more likely to generate dimensional findings than those that did not after controlling for construct domain, implying that many taxonic findings obtained before the popularization of simulation-based techniques are spurious. The meta-analytic findings support the conclusion that the great majority of psychological differences between people are latently continuous, and that psychopathology is no exception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Haslam
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie J McGrath
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Viechtbauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Kuppens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The Dark Triad and the Detection of Parental Judicial Manipulators. Development of a Judicial Manipulation Scale. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082843. [PMID: 32326146 PMCID: PMC7216058 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This research examines the relationship between dark triad and the use that some parents make of their children in order to attack the other parent after a couple break-up. We examined whether parents who are willing to lie about issues concerning the other parent and their children during a couple break-up process show higher levels of dark triad traits. Across two different samples of divorced participants (N = 1085 and N = 249), we measured dark triad traits and willingness to engage in judicial manipulation. The objective of this study was to build a judicial manipulation scale to measure willingness to lie and use children to harm the other parent that could be used in professional practice. Results show significant correlations for judicial manipulation and dark triad traits and confirm the psychometric properties of reliability and validity of a proposed scale. We found that dark triad traits are adequate indicators of judicial manipulation. We discuss the importance of the scale to help the judicial system to determine which parent is the most appropriate to be designated as the legal custodial parent.
Collapse
|
12
|
Pilch I. As cold as a fish? Relationships between the Dark Triad personality traits and affective experience during the day: A day reconstruction study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229625. [PMID: 32097954 PMCID: PMC7041966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dark Triad of personality is a cluster of three socially aversive personality traits: Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy. These traits are associated with a selfish, aggressive and exploitative interpersonal strategy. The objective of the current study was to establish relationships between the Dark Triad traits (and their dimensions) and momentary affect. Machiavellianism, grandiose narcissism, vulnerable narcissism and the dimensions of the Triarchic model of psychopathy (namely, boldness, meanness and disinhibition) were examined. We used the Day Reconstruction Method, which is based on reconstructing affective states experienced during the previous day. The final sample consisted of 270 university students providing affective ratings of 3047 diary episodes. Analyses using multilevel modelling showed that only boldness had a positive association with positive affective states and affect balance, and a negative association with negative affective states. Grandiose narcissism and its sub-dimensions had no relationship with momentary affect. The other dark traits were related to negative momentary affect and/or inversely related to positive momentary affect and affect balance. As a whole, our results empirically demonstrated distinctiveness of the Dark Triad traits in their relationship to everyday affective states. These findings are not congruent with the notion that people with the Dark Triad traits, who have a dispositional tendency to manipulate and exploit others, are generally cold and invulnerable to negative feelings. The associations between the Dark Triad and momentary affect were discussed in the contexts of evolutionary and positive psychology, in relation to the role and adaptive value of positive and negative emotions experienced by individuals higher in Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Pilch
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Szabó E, Jones DN. Gender differences moderate Machiavellianism and impulsivity: Implications for Dark Triad research. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
15
|
Kircaburun K, Griffiths MD. The dark side of internet: Preliminary evidence for the associations of dark personality traits with specific online activities and problematic internet use. J Behav Addict 2018; 7:993-1003. [PMID: 30427212 PMCID: PMC6376394 DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Research has shown that personality traits play an important role in problematic internet use (PIU). However, the relationship between dark personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism, and spitefulness) and PIU has yet to be investigated. Consequently, the objectives of this study were to investigate the relationships of dark traits with specific online activities (i.e., social media, gaming, gambling, shopping, and sex) and PIU. METHODS A total of 772 university students completed a self-report survey, including the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen Scale, Short Sadistic Impulse Scale, Spitefulness Scale, and an adapted version of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale. RESULTS Hierarchical regression analysis and a multiple mediation model indicated that being male was positively associated with higher online gaming, online sex, and online gambling, and negatively associated with social media and online shopping. Narcissism was related to higher social media use; Machiavellianism was related to higher online gaming, online sex, and online gambling; sadism was related to online sex; and spitefulness was associated with online sex, online gambling, and online shopping. Finally, Machiavellianism and spitefulness were directly and indirectly associated with PIU via online gambling, online gaming, and online shopping, and narcissism was indirectly associated with PIU through social media use. DISCUSSION Findings of this preliminary study show that individuals high in dark personality traits may be more vulnerable in developing problematic online use and that further research is warranted to examine the associations of dark personality traits with specific types of problematic online activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kagan Kircaburun
- Faculty of Education, Department of Computer and Instructional Technologies, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey,Corresponding author: Kagan Kircaburun; Faculty of Education, Department of Computer and Instructional Technologies, Duzce University, Konuralp Campus, Duzce 81620, Turkey; Phone: +90 0380 542 1355; Fax: +90 0380 542 1366; E-mail:
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kircaburun K, Jonason PK, Griffiths MD. The Dark Tetrad traits and problematic social media use: The mediating role of cyberbullying and cyberstalking. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|