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Schkade I, Sadeghi-Bahmani D, Lang UE, Blais RK, Stanga Z, Ülgür II, Brand S, Annen H. Military Values, Military Virtues, and Vulnerable Narcissism among Cadets of the Swiss Armed Forces-Results of a Cross-Sectional Study. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:2074-2086. [PMID: 39056653 PMCID: PMC11275259 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14070138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: For military leaders, military values and virtues are important psychological prerequisites for successful leadership and for ethical and moral military behavior. However, research on predictors of military values and virtues is scarce. Given this background, we investigated whether Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), resilience, and vulnerable narcissism might be favorably or unfavorably associated with military values and virtues, and whether vulnerable narcissism could moderate the association between the OCB-by-resilience-interaction, and military virtues. Methods: A total of 214 officer cadets (mean age: 20.75 years; 96.8% males) of the Swiss Armed Forces (SAF) volunteered to take part in this cross-sectional study. They completed a booklet of self-rating scales covering dimensions of military values and military virtues, OCB, resilience, and vulnerable narcissism. Results: Higher scores for military virtues were associated with higher scores for military values, OCB, and resilience, and with lower scores for vulnerable narcissism. Multiple regression models showed that higher scores for OCB and resilience were associated with military values and virtues. Vulnerable narcissism moderated the association between military virtues, and the OCB-by-resilience-interaction: the higher the vulnerable narcissism, the more the OCB-by-resilience-interaction was associated with lower scores for military virtues. Conclusions: Among cadets of the SAF, the associations between military values, military virtues, OCB, and resilience were highly intertwined, while vulnerable narcissism appeared to attenuate the association between military virtues, OCB, and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immanuel Schkade
- Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (I.S.); (U.E.L.)
| | - Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Undine E. Lang
- Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (I.S.); (U.E.L.)
| | - Rebecca K. Blais
- Psychology Department, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - Zeno Stanga
- Centre of Competence for Military and Disaster Medicine, Swiss Armed Forces, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (Z.S.); (I.I.Ü.)
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, University Hospital and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ismail I. Ülgür
- Centre of Competence for Military and Disaster Medicine, Swiss Armed Forces, 3008 Bern, Switzerland; (Z.S.); (I.I.Ü.)
| | - Serge Brand
- Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Department of Medicine, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
- Center for Disaster Psychiatry and Disaster Psychology, Psychiatric Clinics of the University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hubert Annen
- Military Academy, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Zurich, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland;
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Psychopathic personality traits in the workplace: Implications for interpersonally- and organizationally-directed counterproductive and citizenship behaviors. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-021-09918-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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