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Shimo S, Sakamoto Y, Amari T, Chino M, Sakamoto R, Nagai M. Differences between the Sexes in the Relationship between Chronic Pain, Fatigue, and QuickDASH among Community-Dwelling Elderly People in Japan. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9060630. [PMID: 34070450 PMCID: PMC8230304 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9060630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain and fatigue have negative effects on the health, ADL, work, and hobbies of the elderly. As the proportion of people 65 years of age and older in the population increases, chronic pain and disability research regarding this group is receiving more consideration. However, little empirical evidence of the association between chronic pain, fatigue, and physical disability between the sexes is available. This study investigated the association between chronic pain, fatigue, and instrumental activities of daily living among community-dwelling elderly people by sex in Japan. Concerning the presence of chronic pain, 61% of males and 78% of females reported chronic pain, indicating that many elderly people living in the community suffer from chronic pain and fatigue on a daily basis. The number of sites of chronic pain was higher in females than in males (p = 0.016), with more chronic pain in the knees (p < 0.001) and upper arms (p = 0.014). Regarding chronic pain, males showed a higher correlation with QuickDASH-DS (rs = 0.433, p = 0.017) and QuickDASH-SM (rs = 0.643, p = 0.018) than females. Furthermore, fatigue also showed a higher correlation with QuickDASH-W (rs = 0.531, p = 0.003) in males than in females. These results indicate that the association between chronic pain, fatigue, and QuickDASH differed between the sexes among community-dwelling elderly people in Japan. A better understanding of the risk factors for elderly chronic pain and fatigue among sexes will facilitate the development of elderly healthcare welfare and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Shimo
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Health Science University, Fujikawaguchiko, Yamanashi 401-0380, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-555-83-5266
| | - Yuta Sakamoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Science University, Fujikawaguchiko, Yamanashi 401-0380, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Takashi Amari
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Science University, Fujikawaguchiko, Yamanashi 401-0380, Japan; (Y.S.); (T.A.)
| | - Masaaki Chino
- Yamanashi Research Institute Foundation, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0031, Japan;
| | - Rie Sakamoto
- Fuefuki City Council of Social Welfare, Fuefuki, Yamanashi 406-0822, Japan;
| | - Masanori Nagai
- Department of Welfare Psychology, Health Science University, Fujikawaguchiko, Yamanashi 401-0380, Japan;
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Welsh VK, Mallen CD, Ogollah R, Wilkie R, McBeth J. Investigating multisite pain as a predictor of self-reported falls and falls requiring health care use in an older population: A prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226268. [PMID: 31826023 PMCID: PMC6905547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Older people are continuing to fall despite fall prevention guidelines targeting known falls’ risk factors. Multisite pain is a potential novel falls’ risk factor requiring further exploration. This study hypothesises that: (1) an increasing number of pain sites and widespread pain predicts self-reported falls and falls recorded in primary and secondary healthcare records; (2) those relationships are independent of known falls’ risk factors and putative confounders. This prospective cohort study linked data from self-completed questionnaires, primary care electronic health records, secondary care admission statistics and national mortality data. Between 2002–2005, self-completion questionnaires were mailed to community-dwelling individuals aged 50 years and older registered with one of eight general practices in North Staffordshire, UK(n = 26,129) yielding 18,497 respondents. 11,375 respondents entered the study; 4386 completed six year follow-up. Self-reported falls were extracted from three and six year follow-up questionnaires. Falls requiring healthcare were extracted from routinely collected primary and secondary healthcare data. Increasing number of pain sites increased odds of future 3 year (odds ratio 1.12 (95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.24)) and 6 year self-reported fall (odds ratio 1.02 (1.00–1.03)) and increased hazard of future fall requiring primary healthcare (hazard ratio 1.01 (1.00–1.03)). The presence of widespread pain increased odds of future 3 year (odds ratio 1.27 (0.92–1.75)) and 6 year fall (odds ratio 1.43(1.06–1.95)) and increased hazard of future fall requiring primary healthcare (hazard ratio 1.27(0.98–1.65)). Multisite pain was not associated with future fall requiring secondary care admission. Multisite pain must be included as a falls’ risk factor in guidelines to ensure clinicians identify their older patients at risk of falls and employ timely implementation of current falls prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K. Welsh
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Christian D. Mallen
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Reuben Ogollah
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, South Block, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Wilkie
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - John McBeth
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Hay E, Dziedzic K, Foster N, Peat G, van der Windt D, Bartlam B, Blagojevic-Bucknall M, Edwards J, Healey E, Holden M, Hughes R, Jinks C, Jordan K, Jowett S, Lewis M, Mallen C, Morden A, Nicholls E, Ong BN, Porcheret M, Wulff J, Kigozi J, Oppong R, Paskins Z, Croft P. Optimal primary care management of clinical osteoarthritis and joint pain in older people: a mixed-methods programme of systematic reviews, observational and qualitative studies, and randomised controlled trials. PROGRAMME GRANTS FOR APPLIED RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3310/pgfar06040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most common long-term condition managed in UK general practice. However, care is suboptimal despite evidence that primary care and community-based interventions can reduce OA pain and disability.ObjectivesThe overall aim was to improve primary care management of OA and the health of patients with OA. Four parallel linked workstreams aimed to (1) develop a health economic decision model for estimating the potential for cost-effective delivery of primary care OA interventions to improve population health, (2) develop and evaluate new health-care models for delivery of core treatments and support for self-management among primary care consulters with OA, and to investigate prioritisation and implementation of OA care among the public, patients, doctors, health-care professionals and NHS trusts, (3) determine the effectiveness of strategies to optimise specific components of core OA treatment using the example of exercise and (4) investigate the effect of interventions to tackle barriers to core OA treatment, using the example of comorbid anxiety and depression in persons with OA.Data sourcesThe North Staffordshire Osteoarthritis Project database, held by Keele University, was the source of data for secondary analyses in workstream 1.MethodsWorkstream 1 used meta-analysis and synthesis of published evidence about effectiveness of primary care treatments, combined with secondary analysis of existing longitudinal population-based cohort data, to identify predictors of poor long-term outcome (prognostic factors) and design a health economic decision model to estimate cost-effectiveness of different hypothetical strategies for implementing optimal primary care for patients with OA. Workstream 2 used mixed methods to (1) develop and test a ‘model OA consultation’ for primary care health-care professionals (qualitative interviews, consensus, training and evaluation) and (2) evaluate the combined effect of a computerised ‘pop-up’ guideline for general practitioners (GPs) in the consultation and implementing the model OA consultation on practice and patient outcomes (parallel group intervention study). Workstream 3 developed and investigated in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) how to optimise the effect of exercise in persons with knee OA by tailoring it to the individual and improving adherence. Workstream 4 developed and investigated in a cluster RCT the extent to which screening patients for comorbid anxiety and depression can improve OA outcomes. Public and patient involvement included proposal development, project steering and analysis. An OA forum involved public, patient, health professional, social care and researcher representatives to debate the results and formulate proposals for wider implementation and dissemination.ResultsThis programme provides evidence (1) that economic modelling can be used in OA to extrapolate findings of cost-effectiveness beyond the short-term outcomes of clinical trials, (2) about ways of implementing support for self-management and models of optimal primary care informed by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommendations, including the beneficial effects of training in a model OA consultation on GP behaviour and of pop-up screens in GP consultations on the quality of prescribing, (3) against adding enhanced interventions to current effective physiotherapy-led exercise for knee OA and (4) against screening for anxiety and depression in patients with musculoskeletal pain as an addition to current best practice for OA.ConclusionsImplementation of evidence-based care for patients with OA is feasible in general practice and has an immediate impact on improving the quality of care delivered to patients. However, improved levels of quality of care, changes to current best practice physiotherapy and successful introduction of psychological screening, as achieved by this programme, did not substantially reduce patients’ pain and disability. This poses important challenges for clinical practice and OA research.LimitationsThe key limitation in this work is the lack of improvement in patient-reported pain and disability despite clear evidence of enhanced delivery of evidence-based care.Future work recommendations(1) New thinking and research is needed into the achievable and desirable long-term goals of care for people with OA, (2) continuing investigation into the resources needed to properly implement clinical guidelines for management of OA as a long-term condition, such as regular monitoring to maintain exercise and physical activity and (3) new research to identify subgroups of patients with OA as a basis for stratified primary care including (i) those with good prognosis who can self-manage with minimal investigation or specialist treatment, (ii) those who will respond to, and benefit from, specific interventions in primary care, such as physiotherapy-led exercise, and (iii) develop research into effective identification and treatment of clinically important anxiety and depression in patients with OA and into the effects of pain management on psychological outcomes in patients with OA.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN06984617, ISRCTN93634563 and ISRCTN40721988.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Programme Grants for Applied Research Programme and will be published in full inProgramme Grants for Applied Research Programme; Vol. 6, No. 4. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Hay
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Krysia Dziedzic
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Nadine Foster
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - George Peat
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Danielle van der Windt
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Bernadette Bartlam
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Milisa Blagojevic-Bucknall
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - John Edwards
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Emma Healey
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Melanie Holden
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Rhian Hughes
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Clare Jinks
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Kelvin Jordan
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Sue Jowett
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
- Health Economics Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martyn Lewis
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Christian Mallen
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Andrew Morden
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Elaine Nicholls
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Bie Nio Ong
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Mark Porcheret
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Jerome Wulff
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Jesse Kigozi
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
- Health Economics Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Raymond Oppong
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
- Health Economics Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zoe Paskins
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Peter Croft
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute of Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
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Abstract
Hand disabilities are frequent causes of pain and disability in older people, yet knowledge regarding the characteristics and patterns of hand pain and problems over time is lacking. The main aim of this study was to identify subgroups of older individuals with distinct presentations (phenotypes) of hand pain and function, investigate how these might change over a 6-year period, and explore what characteristics and factors are associated with long-term status. The study population stemmed from the North Staffordshire Osteoarthritis Project, a large, general population-based, prospective, cohort study of adults aged 50 years and older. Information on hand pain and problems was collected using questionnaires at baseline, 3 years, and 6 years. Overall, 5617 participants responded at all time points and were included in the analysis. Five phenotypes were identified using latent transition analysis ("least affected," "high pain," "poor gross function," "high pain and poor gross function," and "severely affected") based on 8 hand pain and functional items. The most common transition between phenotypes was from "high pain" at baseline to "least-affected" group. There was a high level of stability in individuals in the "least-affected" or "severely affected" group at baseline. Individuals with widespread body pain, nodes, sleep problems, and pain in both hands at baseline were more likely to be in a severe hand phenotype at 6 years. The results provide clinically relevant information regarding the pattern of hand pain and problems over time and factors that predict transition to more severe hand phenotypes.
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Patel KV, Guralnik JM, Dansie EJ, Turk DC. Prevalence and impact of pain among older adults in the United States: findings from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study. Pain 2014; 154:2649-2657. [PMID: 24287107 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to determine the prevalence and impact of pain in a nationally representative sample of older adults in the United States. Data from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study were analyzed. In-person interviews were conducted in 7601 adults ages ≥65 years. The response rate was 71.0% and all analyses were weighted to account for the sampling design. The overall prevalence of bothersome pain in the last month was 52.9%, afflicting 18.7 million older adults in the United States. Pain did not vary across age groups (P = 0.21), and this pattern remained unchanged when accounting for cognitive performance, dementia, proxy responses, and residential care living status. Pain prevalence was higher in women and in older adults with obesity, musculoskeletal conditions, and depressive symptoms (P < 0.001). The majority (74.9%) of older adults with pain endorsed multiple sites of pain. Several measures of physical capacity, including grip strength and lower-extremity physical performance, were associated with pain and multisite pain. For example, self-reported inability to walk 3 blocks was 72% higher in participants with than without pain (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.72 [95% confidence interval 1.56-1.90]). Participants with 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 sites of pain had gait speeds that were 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.08 meters per second slower, respectively, than older adults without pain, adjusting for disease burden and other potential confounders (P < 0.001). In summary, bothersome pain in the last month was reported by half of the older adult population of the United States in 2011 and was strongly associated with decreased physical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushang V Patel
- Center for Pain Research on Impact, Measurement and Effectiveness, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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