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Hollins M, Bryen CP, Taylor D. Effects of chronic pain history on perceptual and cognitive inhibition. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:321-332. [PMID: 31907554 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05715-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Measures of sensory and cognitive inhibition were obtained from university students with and without a history of chronic pain. The form of sensory inhibition measured was diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC), the capacity of a painful stimulus to reduce the subjective intensity of a second stimulus delivered to a remote body site. To measure cognitive inhibition, the Stroop effect was used. Participants with a history of chronic pain showed less DNIC (i.e., less sensory inhibition) than the healthy controls, but had a smaller Stroop effect (indicating greater cognitive inhibition). The fact that chronic pain history is associated with opposite changes in these two measures casts doubt on the view that the two inhibitory processes are related. Scores on each experimental measure were equivalent in pain-history subjects with ongoing chronic pain and those whose chronic pain had resolved. This equivalence suggests that chronic pain in childhood or adolescence may have lingering effects on sensory and cognitive inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hollins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Chloe P Bryen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Dillon Taylor
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Abstract
AIM Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a highly prevalent and significant cause of disability which is often resistant to pharmacological management. Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology with the potential to influence CLBP, and has been suggested as an alternative to opioids for pain management. VR is a goalfocused, computer-simulated reality allowing modification of the user's experience of their perceived world. MATERIALS/METHODS A narrative review of peer-reviewed literature using a systematic search strategy, and sole reviewer for data extraction. CONCLUSIONS VR has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing acute, experimental and chronic pain. This review describes the theoretical basis of the therapeutic effects of VR on CLBP via three distinct mechanisms: distraction, neuromodulation and graded exposure therapy. Furthermore, clinical application will be considered, including discussion of ethical issues associated with the technology.Implications for rehabilitationVirtual reality (VR) is suggested as an alternative for opioids in the management of acute and chronic pain.The therapeutic mechanisms of VR in chronic low back pain (CLBP) are equivocal but include distraction, neuromodulation of body perception and graded exposure therapy.VR may show greater efficacy in patients with CLBP with associated kinesiophobia.VR may show greater effect with increased immersion.
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Yamashita H, Nishigami T, Mibu A, Tanaka K, Manfuku M, Fukuhara H, Yoshino K, Seto Y, Wand BM. Perceived Body Distortion Rather Than Actual Body Distortion Is Associated With Chronic Low Back Pain in Adults With Cerebral Palsy: A Preliminary Investigation. Pain Pract 2019; 19:826-835. [DOI: 10.1111/papr.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomohiko Nishigami
- Department of Nursing and Physical Therapy Konan Women's University Kobe Japan
| | - Akira Mibu
- Department of Rehabilitation Tanabe Orthopaedics Osaka Japan
| | | | | | - Hikaru Fukuhara
- Day‐care and Rehabilitation Center for Disabled Children “Asashioen” Osaka Japan
| | - Koichi Yoshino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery SKY Orthopaedics Clinic Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yoichi Seto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery SKY Orthopaedics Clinic Ibaraki Japan
| | - Benedict M. Wand
- The School of Physiotherapy The University of Notre Dame Australia Fremantle Western Australia Australia
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Nishigami T, Wand BM, Newport R, Ratcliffe N, Themelis K, Moen D, Jones C, Moseley GL, Stanton TR. Embodying the illusion of a strong, fit back in people with chronic low back pain. A pilot proof-of-concept study. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2019; 39:178-183. [PMID: 30049618 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This proof-of-concept pilot study aimed to investigate if a visual illusion that altered the size and muscularity of the back could be embodied and alter perception of the back. METHODS The back visual illusions were created using the MIRAGE multisensory illusion system. Participants watched real-time footage of a modified version of their own back from behind. Participants undertook one experimental condition, in which the image portrayed a muscled, fit-looking back (Strong), and two control conditions (Reshaped and Normal) during a lifting task. Embodiment, back perception as well as pain intensity and beliefs about the back during lifting were assessed. RESULTS Two participants with low back pain were recruited for this study: one with altered body perception and negative back beliefs (Participant A) and one with normal perception and beliefs (Participant B). Participant A embodied the Strong condition and pain and fear were less and both perceived strength and confidence were more than for the Normal or the Reshaped condition. Participant B did not embody the Strong condition and reported similar levels of pain, fear strength and confidence across all three conditions. DISCUSSION An illusion that makes the back look strong successfully induced embodiment of a visually modified back during a lifting task in a low back pain patient with altered body perception. Both participants tolerated the illusion, there were no adverse effects, and we gained preliminary evidence that the approach may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Nishigami
- Department of Nursing and Physical Therapy, Konan Woman's University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan; Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Benedict Martin Wand
- School of Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - Roger Newport
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
| | | | - Kristy Themelis
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Sussex, UK
| | - David Moen
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cat Jones
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - G Lorimer Moseley
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tasha R Stanton
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Janssens L, Goossens N, Wand BM, Pijnenburg M, Thys T, Brumagne S. The development of the Dutch version of the Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2017; 32:84-91. [PMID: 28917134 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbed body perception may play a role in the aetiology of chronic low back pain (LBP). The Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire (FreBAQ) is currently the only self-report questionnaire to assess back-specific body perception in individuals with LBP. OBJECTIVES To perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the FreBAQ into Dutch. DESIGN Psychometric study. METHODS A Dutch version of the FreBAQ was generated through forward-backward translation, and was completed by 73 patients with LBP and 73 controls to assess discriminant validity. Structural validity was assessed by principal component analysis. Internal consistency was assessed by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Construct validity was assessed by examining the relationship with clinical measures (Numerical Rating Scale pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia). Test-retest reliability was assessed in a subgroup (n = 48 with LBP and 48 controls) using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC 95%) RESULTS: The Dutch FreBAQ showed one component with eigenvalue >2. Cronbach's alpha values were respectively 0.82 and 0.73 for the LBP and control group. ICC values were respectively 0.69 and 0.70 for the LBP and control group. In the LBP group, the SEM was 3.9 and the MDC (95%) was 10.8. The LBP group (ODI 22 ± 21%) scored significantly higher on the Dutch FreBAQ than the control group (ODI 0%) (11 ± 7 vs. 3 ± 9, p < 0.001). Within the LBP group, higher Dutch FreBAQ scores correlated significantly with higher ODI scores (rho = 0.30, p = 0.010), although not with pain (rho = 0.10, p = 0.419) or kinesiophobia (r = 0.14, p = 0.226). CONCLUSIONS The Dutch version of the FreBAQ can be considered as unidimensional and showed adequate internal consistency, sufficient test-retest reliability and adequate discriminant and construct validity in individuals with and without LBP. It can improve our understanding on back-specific perception in the Dutch-speaking population with LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Janssens
- KU Leuven - Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101 box 1501, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Hasselt University, BIOMED, REVAL, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Nina Goossens
- KU Leuven - Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101 box 1501, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Benedict M Wand
- School of Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, 32 Mouat Street, Fremantle, WA 6959, Australia.
| | - Madelon Pijnenburg
- Department of Allied Health Professions, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Ds. Th. Fliednerstraat 2, 5631 BN Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Tinne Thys
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Simon Brumagne
- KU Leuven - Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101 box 1501, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Wand BM, Elliott RL, Sawyer AE, Spence R, Beales DJ, O'Sullivan PB, Smith AJ, Gibson W. Disrupted body-image and pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain. A preliminary investigation. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2017; 30:49-55. [PMID: 28531793 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent investigations have suggested that disrupted body-image may contribute to the lumbopelvic pain experience. The changes in body shape and size associated with pregnancy suggest that pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain might be a problem in which alterations in body-image are particularly relevant. OBJECTIVES To investigate if self-reported body-image is related to lumbopelvic pain status in women during pregnancy and explore the factors that might contribute to changes in body-image in women experiencing pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain. DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort study. METHOD Forty-two women in the third trimester of pregnancy were recruited regardless of clinical status. Pain intensity and disability were measured to estimate clinical severity. The Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire was used to assess body-image. Participants also completed a series of questionnaires and physical tests to explore factors that might be associated with altered body-image. RESULTS The median Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire score for the pain free women was 1 (IQR 0-1.5) and the median score for those in pain was 3.5 (IQR 2-8). This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.005). The questionnaire score was significantly correlated with pain intensity but not with disability. Of the measured variables only pain catastrophisation was significantly associated with disrupted body-image. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported disruption of body-image was significantly greater in pregnant women who were experiencing lumbopelvic pain than those who weren't and the extent of body-image disruption was associated with pain intensity. Only pain related catastrophisation was related to disrupted body-image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict M Wand
- School of Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, 19 Mouat St, Fremantle, WA, 6959, Australia.
| | - Rhianne L Elliott
- Central West Health and Rehabilitation, Urch St, Geraldton, WA, 6530, Australia
| | - Abbey E Sawyer
- Physiotherapy Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Rory Spence
- RediMed Total Health Solutions, 1 Frederick Street, Belmont, WA, 6104, Australia
| | - Darren J Beales
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Peter B O'Sullivan
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Anne J Smith
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - William Gibson
- School of Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, 19 Mouat St, Fremantle, WA, 6959, Australia
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Behrendt F, de Lussanet MHE, Zentgraf K, Zschorlich VR. Motor-Evoked Potentials in the Lower Back Are Modulated by Visual Perception of Lifted Weight. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157811. [PMID: 27336751 PMCID: PMC4919087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Facilitation of the primary motor cortex (M1) during the mere observation of an action is highly congruent with the observed action itself. This congruency comprises several features of the executed action such as somatotopy and temporal coding. Studies using reach-grasp-lift paradigms showed that the muscle-specific facilitation of the observer’s motor system reflects the degree of grip force exerted in an observed hand action. The weight judgment of a lifted object during action observation is an easy task which is the case for hand actions as well as for lifting boxes from the ground. Here we investigated whether the cortical representation in M1 for lumbar back muscles is modulated due to the observation of a whole-body lifting movement as it was shown for hand action. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to measure the corticospinal excitability of the m. erector spinae (ES) while subjects visually observed the recorded sequences of a person lifting boxes of different weights from the floor. Consistent with the results regarding hand action the present study reveals a differential modulation of corticospinal excitability despite the relatively small M1 representation of the back also for lifting actions that mainly involve the lower back musculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Behrendt
- University Children’s Hospital Basle, Basle, Switzerland
- Research Department, Reha Rheinfelden, Rheinfelden, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (FB); (KZ)
| | | | - Karen Zentgraf
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail: (FB); (KZ)
| | - Volker R. Zschorlich
- Institute of Sport Science, Department of Kinesiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Vrana A, Hotz-Boendermaker S, Stämpfli P, Hänggi J, Seifritz E, Humphreys BK, Meier ML. Differential Neural Processing during Motor Imagery of Daily Activities in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142391. [PMID: 26569602 PMCID: PMC4646462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low back pain (chronic LBP) is both debilitating for patients but also a major burden on the health care system. Previous studies reported various maladaptive structural and functional changes among chronic LBP patients on spine- and supraspinal levels including behavioral alterations. However, evidence for cortical reorganization in the sensorimotor system of chronic LBP patients is scarce. Motor Imagery (MI) is suitable for investigating the cortical sensorimotor network as it serves as a proxy for motor execution. Our aim was to investigate differential MI-driven cortical processing in chronic LBP compared to healthy controls (HC) by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twenty-nine subjects (15 chronic LBP patients, 14 HC) were included in the current study. MI stimuli consisted of randomly presented video clips showing every-day activities involving different whole-body movements as well as walking on even ground and walking downstairs and upstairs. Guided by the video clips, subjects had to perform MI of these activities, subsequently rating the vividness of their MI performance. Brain activity analysis revealed that chronic LBP patients exhibited significantly reduced activity compared to HC subjects in MI-related brain regions, namely the left supplementary motor area and right superior temporal sulcus. Furthermore, psycho-physiological-interaction analysis yielded significantly enhanced functional connectivity (FC) between various MI-associated brain regions in chronic LBP patients indicating diffuse and non-specific changes in FC. Current results demonstrate initial findings about differences in MI-driven cortical processing in chronic LBP pointing towards reorganization processes in the sensorimotor network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vrana
- University Hospital of Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Human Movement Sciences, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Philipp Stämpfli
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- MR-Center of the Psychiatric Hospital and the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Hänggi
- Division Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael L. Meier
- University Hospital of Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Tsay A, Allen T, Proske U, Giummarra M. Sensing the body in chronic pain: A review of psychophysical studies implicating altered body representation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 52:221-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Roosink M, McFadyen BJ, Hébert LJ, Jackson PL, Bouyer LJ, Mercier C. Assessing the perception of trunk movements in military personnel with chronic non-specific low back pain using a virtual mirror. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120251. [PMID: 25799009 PMCID: PMC4370585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain, including chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP), is often associated with body perception disturbances, but these have generally been assessed under static conditions. The objective of this study was to use a "virtual mirror" that scaled visual movement feedback to assess body perception during active movement in military personnel with CNSLBP (n = 15) as compared to military healthy control subjects (n = 15). Subjects performed a trunk flexion task while sitting and standing in front of a large screen displaying a full-body virtual mirror-image (avatar) in real-time. Avatar movements were scaled to appear greater, identical, or smaller than the subjects' actual movements. A total of 126 trials with 11 different scaling factors were pseudo-randomized across 6 blocks. After each trial, subjects had to decide whether the avatar's movements were "greater" or "smaller" than their own movements. Based on this two-alternative forced choice paradigm, a psychophysical curve was fitted to the data for each subject, and several metrics were derived from this curve. In addition, task adherence (kinematics) and virtual reality immersion were assessed. Groups displayed a similar ability to discriminate between different levels of movement scaling. Still, subjects with CNSLBP showed an abnormal performance and tended to overestimate their own movements (a right-shifted psychophysical curve). Subjects showed adequate task adherence, and on average virtual reality immersion was reported to be very good. In conclusion, these results extend previous work in patients with CNSLBP, and denote an important relationship between body perception, movement and pain. As such, the assessment of body perception during active movement can offer new avenues for understanding and managing body perception disturbances and abnormal movement patterns in patients with pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meyke Roosink
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS), Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Bradford J. McFadyen
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS), Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Luc J. Hébert
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS), Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Canadian Forces Health Services Group Headquarters, Directorate of Medical Policy (Physiotherapy), Valcartier Garrison, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Philip L. Jackson
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS), Québec, Québec, Canada
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent J. Bouyer
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS), Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Mercier
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS), Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Hotta J, Harno H, Nummenmaa L, Kalso E, Hari R, Forss N. Patients with complex regional pain syndrome overestimate applied force in observed hand actions. Eur J Pain 2015; 19:1372-81. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Hotta
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering; Aalto University; Espoo Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Finland
| | - H. Harno
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Finland
- Pain Clinic; Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Finland
| | - L. Nummenmaa
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering; Aalto University; Espoo Finland
- Turku PET Centre; University of Turku; Finland
| | - E. Kalso
- Pain Clinic; Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Finland
| | - R. Hari
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering; Aalto University; Espoo Finland
| | - N. Forss
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering; Aalto University; Espoo Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Finland
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Götze M, Ernst M, Koch M, Blickhan R. Influence of chronic back pain on kinematic reactions to unpredictable arm pulls. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2015; 30:290-5. [PMID: 25620611 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that muscle reflexes are delayed in patients with chronic low back pain in response to perturbations. It is still unrevealed whether these delays accompanied by an altered kinematic or compensated by adaption of other muscle parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate whether chronic low back pain patients show an altered kinematic reaction and if such data are reliable for the classification of chronic low back pain. METHOD In an experiment involving 30 females, sudden lateral perturbations were applied to the arm of a subject in an upright, standing position. Kinematics was used to distinguish between chronic low back pain patients and healthy controls. FINDINGS A calculated model of a stepwise discriminant function analysis correctly predicted 100% of patients and 80% of healthy controls. The estimation of the classification error revealed a constant rate for the classification of the healthy controls and a slightly decreased rate for the patients. INTERPRETATION Observed reflex delays and identified kinematic differences inside and outside the region of pain during impaired movement indicated that chronic low back pain patients have an altered motor control that is not restricted to the lumbo-pelvic region. This applied paradigm of external perturbations can be used to detect chronic low back pain patients and also persons without chronic low back pain but with an altered motor control. Further investigations are essential to reveal whether healthy persons with changes in motor function have an increased potential to develop chronic back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Götze
- Motionscience, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena 07749, Germany.
| | - Michael Ernst
- Motionscience, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena 07749, Germany; Institute of Solid Mechanics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Markus Koch
- Motionscience, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena 07749, Germany; National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo 0033, Norway
| | - Reinhard Blickhan
- Motionscience, Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena 07749, Germany
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de Lussanet MHE, Behrendt F, Puta C, Schulte TL, Lappe M, Weiss T, Wagner H. Impaired visual perception of hurtful actions in patients with chronic low back pain. Hum Mov Sci 2013; 32:938-53. [PMID: 24120278 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Visually presented biological motion stimuli activate regions in the brain that are also related to musculo-skeletal pain. We therefore hypothesized that chronic pain impairs the perception of visually presented actions that involve body parts that hurt. In the first experiment, chronic back pain (CLBP) patients and healthy controls judged the lifted weight from point-light biological motion displays. An actor either lifted an invisible container (5, 10, or 15 kg) from the floor, or lifted and manipulated it from the right to the left. The latter involved twisting of the lower back and would be very painful for CLBP patients. All participants recognized the displayed actions, but CLBP patients were impaired in judging the difference in handled weights, especially for the trunk rotation. The second experiment involved discrimination between forward and backward walking. Here the patients were just as good as the controls, showing that the main result of the first experiment was indeed specific to the sensory aspects of the task, and not to general impairments or attentional deficits. The results thus indicate that the judgment of sensorimotor aspects of a visually displayed movement is specifically affected by chronic low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc H E de Lussanet
- Psychology, Westf. Wilh.-Univ. Münster, Fliednerstraße 21, 48149 Münster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience (OCC), Münster, Germany.
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Brain activity for visual judgment of lifted weight. Hum Mov Sci 2013; 32:924-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wand BM, Abbaszadeh S, Smith AJ, Catley MJ, Moseley GL. Acupuncture applied as a sensory discrimination training tool decreases movement-related pain in patients with chronic low back pain more than acupuncture alone: a randomised cross-over experiment. Br J Sports Med 2013; 47:1085-9. [PMID: 24021562 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-quality clinical evidence suggests that although acupuncture appears superior to usual care in the management of chronic low back pain, there is little meaningful difference between true and sham acupuncture. This suggests that the benefits of acupuncture are mediated by the placebo response. An alternative explanation is that sham acupuncture is an active treatment and shares a mechanism of action with traditionally applied acupuncture. One plausible candidate for this mechanism is improvement in self-perception mediated through the sensory discrimination-like qualities of acupuncture. We aimed to compare the effects of acupuncture with a sensory discrimination training component to acupuncture without. METHODS 25 people with chronic low back pain were enroled in a randomised cross-over experiment. We compared the effect of acupuncture delivered when sensory discrimination is optimised to acupuncture delivered when it is not, on movement-related back pain immediately after each intervention. RESULTS We found that the average pain intensity after participants had received acupuncture with sensory discrimination training (2.8±2.5) was less than when they received acupuncture without sensory discrimination training (3.6±2.0). This difference was statistically significant (after adjustment; mean difference=-0.8, 95% CI -1.4 to -0.3; p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with the idea that acupuncture may offer specific benefit that is not dependent on precisely where the needles are inserted so much as that the patient attends to where they are inserted. If so, the location of the needles might be better focused on the painful area and the need for penetration of the skin may be mitigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Martin Wand
- School of Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, , Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
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