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Pisack EK, Kleine SA, Hampton CE, Smith CK, Weisent J, DeBolt R, Schumacher C, Bussières G, Seddighi R. Evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of grapiprant compared with robenacoxib in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy in a prospective, randomized, masked, non-inferiority clinical trial. J Feline Med Surg 2024; 26:1098612X241230941. [PMID: 38511293 PMCID: PMC10983605 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x241230941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main objective of this study was to compare the postoperative analgesic effects of grapiprant with those of robenacoxib in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OVH). METHODS In total, 37 female cats (age range 4 months-10 years, weighing ⩾2.5 kg) were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, masked, non-inferiority (NI) clinical trial. Cats received oral robenacoxib (1 mg/kg) or grapiprant (2 mg/kg) 2 h before OVH. Analgesia was assessed via the Feline Grimace Scale (FGS), the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale-Feline (CMPS-F), von Frey monofilaments (vFFs) and pressure algometry (ALG) 2 h before treatment administration, at extubation, and 2, 4, 6, 8, 18 and 24 hours after extubation. Hydromorphone (<8 h postoperatively) or buprenorphine (>18 h postoperatively) were administered to cats with scores of ⩾5/20 on CMPS-F and/or ⩾4/10 on FGS. NI margins for CMPS-F and vFFs were set at 3 and -0.2, respectively. A mixed-effect ANOVA was used for FGS scores (P <0.05). Data are reported as mean ± SEM. RESULTS The data from 33 cats were analyzed. The upper limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.35) was less than the NI margin of 3 for CMPS-F, and the lower limit of the 95% CI (0.055) was greater than the NI margin of -0.2 for vFFs, indicating NI of grapiprant. The FGS scores were greater than baseline at extubation for both treatments (1.65 ± 0.63; P = 0.001); however, there was no difference between treatments. There was no difference between treatments, nor treatment by time interaction, for vFFs (P <0.001). The CMPS-F scores for both treatments were higher at extubation but returned to baseline after 4 h (P <0.001). For ALG, there was no difference in treatment or treatment by time interaction. The robenacoxib group had lower pressure readings at extubation and 6 h compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These results indicate that grapiprant was non-inferior to robenacoxib for mitigating postsurgical pain in cats after OVH performed via ventral celiotomy. The impact of grapiprant for analgesia in OVH via the flank is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Pisack
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Stephanie A Kleine
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Chiara E Hampton
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Christopher K Smith
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer Weisent
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca DeBolt
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Cambrie Schumacher
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Genevieve Bussières
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Reza Seddighi
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Satapathy T, Singh G, Pandey RK, Shukla SS, Bhardwaj SK, Gidwani B. Novel Targets and Drug Delivery System in the Treatment of Postoperative Pain: Recent Studies and Clinical Advancement. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:25-45. [PMID: 38037995 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501271207231127063431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Pain is generated by a small number of peripheral targets. These can be made more sensitive by inflammatory mediators. The number of opioids prescribed to the patients can be reduced dramatically with better pain management. Any therapy that safely and reliably provides extended analgesia and is flexible enough to facilitate a diverse array of release profiles would be useful for improving patient comfort, quality of care, and compliance after surgical procedures. Comparisons are made between new and traditional methods, and the current state of development has been discussed; taking into account the availability of molecular and cellular level data, preclinical and clinical data, and early post-market data. There are a number of benefits associated with the use of nanotechnology in the delivery of analgesics to specific areas of the body. Nanoparticles are able to transport drugs to inaccessible bodily areas because of their small molecular size. This review focuses on targets that act specifically or primarily on sensory neurons, as well as inflammatory mediators that have been shown to have an analgesic effect as a side effect of their anti- inflammatory properties. New, regulated post-operative pain management devices that use existing polymeric systems were presented in this article, along with the areas for potential development. Analgesic treatments, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trilochan Satapathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh-493111, India
| | - Gulab Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh-493111, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh-493111, India
| | - Shiv Shankar Shukla
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh-493111, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh-493111, India
| | - Beena Gidwani
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh-493111, India
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Silva Santos Ribeiro P, Willemen HLDM, Eijkelkamp N. Mitochondria and sensory processing in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:1013577. [PMID: 36324872 PMCID: PMC9619239 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.1013577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, affect over 750 million people worldwide and contribute to approximately 40% of chronic pain cases. Inflammation and tissue damage contribute to pain in rheumatic diseases, but pain often persists even when inflammation/damage is resolved. Mechanisms that cause this persistent pain are still unclear. Mitochondria are essential for a myriad of cellular processes and regulate neuronal functions. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in multiple neurological disorders, but its role in sensory processing and pain in rheumatic diseases is relatively unexplored. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of how mitochondrial dysfunction connects inflammation and damage-associated pathways to neuronal sensitization and persistent pain. To provide an overall framework on how mitochondria control pain, we explored recent evidence in inflammatory and neuropathic pain conditions. Mitochondria have intrinsic quality control mechanisms to prevent functional deficits and cellular damage. We will discuss the link between neuronal activity, mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic pain. Lastly, pharmacological strategies aimed at reestablishing mitochondrial functions or boosting mitochondrial dynamics as therapeutic interventions for chronic pain are discussed. The evidence presented in this review shows that mitochondria dysfunction may play a role in rheumatic pain. The dysfunction is not restricted to neuronal cells in the peripheral and central nervous system, but also includes blood cells and cells at the joint level that may affect pain pathways indirectly. Pre-clinical and clinical data suggest that modulation of mitochondrial functions can be used to attenuate or eliminate pain, which could be beneficial for multiple rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Niels Eijkelkamp
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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4
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Teixeira LG, Vaccarin CV, Schimites PI, Gasparotto JC, Costa GP, Griesang JM, Vargas D, Bortolotto ED, Soares ABU, Camargo JF, Andrade CM, Soares AV, Contesini EA. Grapiprant or carprofen following ovariohysterectomy in the cat: analgesic efficacy, hematological, biochemical and urinalysis evaluation. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:e153-e162. [PMID: 35531962 PMCID: PMC10812268 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221097935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the analgesic effect between carprofen and grapiprant every 12 or 24 h on postoperative pain in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy, in addition to the effects on the hematological, biochemical and urinalysis variables. METHODS A total of 32 female cats were randomly divided into three groups, according to the treatment administered with the first dose given orally 90 mins before surgery, as follows: CAR (cats received 4 mg/kg carprofen, n = 11); GRA1 (cats received 2 mg/kg grapiprant, n = 10); and GRA2 (cats received 2 mg/kg grapiprant q12h, n = 11). Pain was assessed by UNESP-Botucatu Multidimensional Composite Pain Scale (UNESP) and Glasgow Feline Composite Measure Pain Scale (GLASGOW) for cats preoperatively (baseline) and at 1, 3, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h after extubation. Venous blood was collected at baseline, and 12 and 24 h after the administration of carprofen or grapiprant to perform a complete blood count (CBC), the percentage of Heinz bodies and serum biochemistry (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatinine and urea). Urinalysis was performed at baseline and 24 h after extubation. Glucose levels were evaluated at baseline and 1 h postoperatively. RESULTS Pain scores were not significantly different among groups in both scales, although pain was higher at 3 h in comparison with 24 h in all groups. In the GRA1 and GRA2 groups, 67% (14/21) of cats needed rescue analgesia compared with 18% (2/11) in the CAR group. Glucose increased from baseline to 1 h in the GRA1 and GRA2 groups. None of the CBC, serum biochemistry and urinalysis variables differed among groups. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Grapiprant did not promote adequate analgesia during the first 3 h postoperatively in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy compared with carprofen, and no benefits were observed by administering grapiprant every 12 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana G Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Charline V Vaccarin
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Centre of Rural Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Paula I Schimites
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Centre of Rural Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Jean C Gasparotto
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Centre of Rural Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Gabriela P Costa
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Centre of Rural Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Julia M Griesang
- Department of Small Animal Clinics, Centre of Rural Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Daniel Vargas
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Centre of Rural Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle D Bortolotto
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Centre of Rural Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Ana BU Soares
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Centre of Rural Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Jéssica F Camargo
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cínthia M Andrade
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Centre of Rural Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - André V Soares
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Centre of Rural Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Emerson A Contesini
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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5
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Gardinier JD. The Diminishing Returns of Mechanical Loading and Potential Mechanisms that Desensitize Osteocytes. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2021; 19:436-443. [PMID: 34216359 PMCID: PMC9306018 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-021-00693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation to mechanical loading is critical to maintaining bone mass and offers therapeutic potential to preventing age-related bone loss and osteoporosis. However, increasing the duration of loading is met with "diminishing returns" as the anabolic response quickly becomes saturated. As a result, the anabolic response to daily activities and repetitive bouts of loading is limited by the underlying mechanisms that desensitize and render bone unresponsive at the cellular level. Osteocytes are the primary cells that respond to skeletal loading and facilitate the overall anabolic response. Although many of osteocytes' signaling mechanisms activated in response to loading are considered anabolic in nature, several of them can also render osteocytes insensitive to further stimuli and thereby creating a negative feedback loop that limits osteocytes' overall response. The purpose of this review is to examine the potential mechanisms that may contribute to the loss of mechanosensitivity. In particular, we examined the inactivation/desensitization of ion channels and signaling molecules along with the potential role of endocytosis and cytoskeletal reorganization. The significance in defining the negative feedback loop is the potential to identify unique targets for enabling osteocytes to maintain their sensitivity. In doing so, we can begin to cultivate new strategies that capitalize on the anabolic nature of daily activities that repeatedly load the skeleton.
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Sartini I, Giorgi M. Grapiprant: A snapshot of the current knowledge. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 44:679-688. [PMID: 34057218 PMCID: PMC8518515 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Grapiprant is the pioneer member of the novel piprant class, a potent and specific antagonist of the prostaglandin E2 receptor 4. It has been approved in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs at the dose regimen of 2 mg/kg once a day by the FDA and EMA (for pain only) in 2016 and 2018, respectively. The aim of this narrative review was to report the analytical methods, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of grapiprant in several animal species using the best available published scientific evidence. In conclusion, most of the analytical methods proposed for grapiprant detection are simple, reliable, sensitive and validated. The pharmacokinetics show discrepancies between animal species. The therapeutic efficacy seems more suited to chronic rather than acute pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sartini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Mario Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,PhD School, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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7
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Degradable polymeric vehicles for postoperative pain management. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1367. [PMID: 33649338 PMCID: PMC7921139 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective control of pain management has the potential to significantly decrease the need for prescription opioids following a surgical procedure. While extended release products for pain management are available commercially, the implementation of a device that safely and reliably provides extended analgesia and is sufficiently flexible to facilitate a diverse array of release profiles would serve to advance patient comfort, quality of care and compliance following surgical procedures. Herein, we review current polymeric systems that could be utilized in new, controlled post-operative pain management devices and highlight where opportunities for improvement exist.
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8
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Yang Y, Wen J, Zheng B, Wu S, Mao Q, Liang L, Li Z, Bachmann T, Bekker A, Tao YX. CREB Participates in Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain Genesis Through Transcriptional Activation of Dnmt3a in Primary Sensory Neurons. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:586-600. [PMID: 33051852 PMCID: PMC8116406 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain (CIPNP) often occurs in cancer patients treated with antineoplastic drugs. Therapeutic management of CIPNP is very limited, at least in part due to the largely unknown mechanisms that underlie CIPNP genesis. Here, we showed that systemic administration of the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel significantly and time-dependently increased the levels of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Blocking this increase through DRG microinjection of Creb siRNA attenuated paclitaxel-induced mechanical, heat, and cold nociceptive hypersensitivities. Mimicking this increase through DRG microinjection of the adeno-associated virus 5 expressing full-length Creb mRNA led to enhanced responses to basal mechanical, heat, and cold stimuli in mice in absence of paclitaxel treatment. Mechanically, paclitaxel-induced increase of DRG CREB protein augmented Dnmt3a promoter activity and participated in the paclitaxel-induced upregulation of DNMT3a protein in the DRG. CREB overexpression also elevated the expression of DNMT3a in in vivo and in vitro DRG neurons of naïve mice. Given that DNMT3a is an endogenous instigator of CIPNP and that CREB co-expresses with DNMT3a in DRG neurons, CREB may be a key player in CIPNP through transcriptional activation of the Dnmt3a gene in primary sensory neurons. CREB is thus a likely potential target for the therapeutic management of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, F-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, F-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Bixin Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, F-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Shaogen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, F-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Qingxiang Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, F-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Lingli Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, F-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Zhisong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, F-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Thomas Bachmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, F-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Alex Bekker
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, F-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 185 S. Orange Ave., MSB, F-661, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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Goncalves dos Santos G, Li R, Ng MPE, Lemes JBP, Vieira WF, Nagy I, Tambeli CH, Parada CA. CB 1 receptor-dependent desensitisation of TRPV1 channels contributes to the analgesic effect of dipyrone in sensitised primary sensory neurons. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4615-4626. [PMID: 32562269 PMCID: PMC7520441 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE While dipyrone is a widely used analgesic, its mechanism of action is not completely understood. Recently, we have reported that the dipyrone metabolite 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AA) reduces PGE2 -induced pain-related behaviour through cannabinoid CB1 receptors. Here, we ascertained, in naive and PGE2 -induced "inflamed" conditions, both in vivo and in vitro, the molecular mechanisms involved in the 4-AA-induced analgesic effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effect of local administration of 4-AA (160 μg per paw) on capsaicin (0.12 μg per paw) injection-induced pain-related behaviour and 4-AA's effect on 500-nM capsaicin-induced changes in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+ ]i ) in cultured primary sensory neurons were assessed in vivo and in vitro, respectively. KEY RESULTS 4-AA reduced capsaicin-induced nociceptive behaviour in naive and inflamed conditions through CB1 receptors. 4-AA (100 μM) reduced capsaicin-induced increase in [Ca2+ ]i in a CB1 receptor-dependent manner, when PGE2 was not present. Following PGE2 application, 4-AA (1-50 μM) increased the [Ca2+ ]i . Although 4-AA activated both TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels, increased [Ca2+ ]i was mediated through TRPV1 channels. Activation of TRPV1 channels resulted in their desensitisation. Blocking CB1 receptors reduced both the excitatory and desensitising effects of 4-AA. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS CB1 receptor-mediated inhibition of TRPV1 channels and TRPV1-mediated Ca2+ -influx- and CB1 receptor-dependent desensitisation of TRPV1 channels contribute to the anti-nociceptive effect of 4-AA in naive and inflamed conditions respectively. Agonists active at both CB1 receptors and TRPV1 channels might be useful as analgesics, particularly in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilson Goncalves dos Santos
- Pain Studies Lab ‐ Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas – UNICAMPCampinasBrazil
| | - Ruihui Li
- Nociception Group, Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Melissa Pui Een Ng
- Nociception Group, Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Julia Borges Paes Lemes
- Pain Studies Lab ‐ Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas – UNICAMPCampinasBrazil
| | - Willians Fernando Vieira
- Pain Studies Lab ‐ Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas – UNICAMPCampinasBrazil
| | - Istvan Nagy
- Nociception Group, Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Cláudia Herrera Tambeli
- Pain Studies Lab ‐ Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas – UNICAMPCampinasBrazil
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Pain Studies Lab ‐ Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas – UNICAMPCampinasBrazil
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10
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Jang Y, Kim M, Hwang SW. Molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of arachidonic acid-derived prostaglandins on peripheral nociception. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:30. [PMID: 31969159 PMCID: PMC6975075 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-1703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid-derived prostaglandins not only contribute to the development of inflammation as intercellular pro-inflammatory mediators, but also promote the excitability of the peripheral somatosensory system, contributing to pain exacerbation. Peripheral tissues undergo many forms of diseases that are frequently accompanied by inflammation. The somatosensory nerves innervating the inflamed areas experience heightened excitability and generate and transmit pain signals. Extensive studies have been carried out to elucidate how prostaglandins play their roles for such signaling at the cellular and molecular levels. Here, we briefly summarize the roles of arachidonic acid-derived prostaglandins, focusing on four prostaglandins and one thromboxane, particularly in terms of their actions on afferent nociceptors. We discuss the biosynthesis of the prostaglandins, their specific action sites, the pathological alteration of the expression levels of related proteins, the neuronal outcomes of receptor stimulation, their correlation with behavioral nociception, and the pharmacological efficacy of their regulators. This overview will help to a better understanding of the pathological roles that prostaglandins play in the somatosensory system and to a finding of critical molecular contributors to normalizing pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwoo Jang
- Department of Psychiatry and Program in Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Sun Wook Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea. .,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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11
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Zhou YM, Wu L, Wei S, Jin Y, Liu TT, Qiu CY, Hu WP. Enhancement of acid-sensing ion channel activity by prostaglandin E2 in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Brain Res 2019; 1724:146442. [PMID: 31513790 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and proton are typical inflammatory mediators. They play a major role in pain processing and hypersensitivity through activating their cognate receptors expressed in terminals of nociceptive sensory neurons. However, it remains unclear whether there is an interaction between PGE2 receptors and proton-activated acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs). Herein, we show that PGE2 enhanced the functional activity of ASICs in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons through EP1 and EP4 receptors. In the present study, PGE2 concentration-dependently increased ASIC currents in DRG neurons. It shifted the proton concentration-response curve upwards, without change in the apparent affinity of proton for ASICs. Moreover, PGE2 enhancement of ASIC currents was partially blocked by EP1 or EP4 receptor antagonist. PGE2 failed to enhance ASIC currents when simultaneous blockade of both EP1 and EP4 receptors. PGE2 enhancement was partially suppressed after inhibition of intracellular PKC or PKA signaling, and completely disappeared after concurrent blockade of both PKC and PKA signaling. PGE2 increased significantly the expression levels of p-PKCε and p-PKA in DRG cells. PGE2 also enhanced proton-evoked action potentials in rat DRG neurons. Finally, peripherally administration of PGE2 dose-dependently exacerbated acid-induced nocifensive behaviors in rats through EP1 and EP4 receptors. Our results indicate that PGE2 enhanced the electrophysiological activity of ASICs in DRG neurons and contributed to acidosis-evoked pain, which revealed a novel peripheral mechanism underlying PGE2 involvement in hyperalgesia by sensitizing ASICs in primary sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Mei Zhou
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lei Wu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ying Jin
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chun-Yu Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wang-Ping Hu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China.
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PGE2/EP4 receptor and TRPV1 channel are involved in repeated restraint stress-induced prolongation of sensitization pain evoked by subsequent PGE2 challenge. Brain Res 2019; 1721:146335. [PMID: 31302096 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence of prior stressful experience is linked to high incidence of chronic pain. Stress, particularly repeated stress, is known to induce maladaptive neuroplasticity along peripheral and central pain transmission pathways. These maladaptive neuroplastic events facilitate sensitization of nociceptive neurons and transition from acute to chronic pain. Pro-inflammatory and pain mediators are involved in inducing neuroplasticity. Pain mediators such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), EP4 receptor and transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) contribute to the genesis of chronic pain. In this study, we examined the role of PGE2/EP4 signaling and TRPV1 signaling in repeated restraint stress-induced prolongation of sensitization pain, a model for transition from acute to chronic pain, in both in vivo and in vitro models. We found that pre-exposure to single restraint stress induced analgesia that masked sensitization pain evoked by subsequent PGE2 challenge. However, pre-exposure to 3d consecutive restraint stress not only prolonged sensitization pain, but also increased stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) in serum, COX2 levels in paw skin, and EP4 and TRPV1 levels in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and paw skin. Pre-exposure to CORT for 3d, not 1d, also prolonged sensitization pain evoked by PGE2. Co-injection of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU486, COX2 inhibitor NS-398, EP4 receptor antagonist L161,982 or TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine prevented 3d restraint stress prolonged sensitization pain evoked by PGE2. In DRG cultures, CORT increased EP4 and TRPV1 protein levels through GR activation. These data suggest that PGE2/EP4 signaling and TRPV1 signaling in peripheral pain pathway contribute to repeated stress-predisposed transition from acute to chronic pain.
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13
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Khan GA, Bhagat S, Alam MI. PGE 2 -induced migration of human brain endothelial cell is mediated though protein kinase A in cooperation of EP receptors. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:705-717. [PMID: 30835912 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2a0918-361r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PGE2 plays a critical role in angiogenesis, ischemic, and neuro-inflammatory disorders of the brain, which breakdown the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, the effects of PGE2 on human brain endothelial cell (HBECs) migration, a key process in the angiogenic response and BBB stability, are not well defined. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of PGE2 in HBECs migration in vitro. Here we showed that PGE2 stimulated migration of HBECs in a dose-time and matrix-dependent manner, evaluated by the Boyden chamber assay, but other prostanoids failed to do so. PGE2 receptor (EP2; butaprost), EP3 (sulprostone), and EP4 (PGE1 -OH) receptor agonists stimulated HBECs migration, but the silencing of EP significantly attenuated this effect. EP1 agonist (11-trinor PGE1 ) had no effect on HBECs migration on silencing of the EP1 receptor. We further showed that PGE2 stimulated cAMP production and activated protein kinase A (PKA), whereas pretreatment with the adenyl cyclase inhibitor (dideoxyadenosine; 1 μM) or PKA inhibitors, H89 (0.5 μM)/PKAI (1 μM), completely abrogated PGE2 -induced migration. Furthermore, silencing of the EP2/EP4 receptors significantly inhibited PGE2 -induced cAMP and PKA activation, whereas EP3 receptor silencing failed to do so. These results suggest that PGE2 regulates HBEC migration via cooperation of EP2, EP3, and EP4 receptors. Coupling of PGE2 to these receptors resulted in increased production of cAMP, which regulates HBEC migration via PKA pathway. The elucidation of molecular events involved is critical for the development of targeted strategies to treat cerebrovascular diseases associated with dysregulated angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gausal A Khan
- Department of Physiology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
| | - Saumya Bhagat
- Department of Physiology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Iqbal Alam
- Department of Physiology, HIMSR, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
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14
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Steinhoff M, Buddenkotte J, Lerner EA. Role of mast cells and basophils in pruritus. Immunol Rev 2018; 282:248-264. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
- Translational Research Institute; Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar; Doha Qatar
- Medical School; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
- Department Of Dermatology and UCD Charles Institute for Translational Dermatology; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Jörg Buddenkotte
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
- Translational Research Institute; Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
| | - Ethan A. Lerner
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center; Department of Dermatology; Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School; Charlestown MA USA
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15
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Ma W, St-Jacques B. Signalling transduction events involved in agonist-induced PGE2/EP4 receptor externalization in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Eur J Pain 2018; 22:845-861. [PMID: 29336505 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) enriched in inflamed tissues contributes to chronic pain by sensitizing nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons (nociceptors). Of four PGE2 receptors (EP1-4), EP4 plays a major role in PGE2-induced nociceptor sensitization. We have previously reported that PGE2 or EP4 agonists stimulated EP4 externalization in cultured DRG neurons and this event contributes to nociceptor sensitization. However, the signalling transduction events governing this event remain unknown. METHODS In this study, using antibody-based externalization assay, we examined EP subtypes and multiple signalling transduction events involved in PGE2-induced EP4 externalization in cultured DRG neurons. RESULTS In addition to EP4 agonist, EP2 agonist, to a lesser extent, also induced EP4 externalization while EP1 and EP3 agonists had no effect. The extracellular and intracellular calcium chelators, the inhibitors of CaMKII, cAMP, PKA, PKC, PKCε, PLC, MAPKs, PI3K and Akt suppressed agonist-induced EP4 externalization. The activator of AC, two PKA-specific cAMP analogues and one Epac-specific cAMP analogue also induced EP4 externalization. ELISA showed that double sequential exposures to EP4 agonists induced a greater release of pain peptide CGRP from cultured DRG neurons than a single exposure, an event blocked by the inhibitor of anterograde transport from ER/Golgi complex to cell surface. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggest that mobilization of extracellular and intracellular calcium as well as the activation of CaMKII, cAMP/PKA, cAMP/Epac, PKC/PKCε, MAPKs, PI3K-Akt and PLC signalling transduction pathways are involved in agonist-induced EP4 externalization. Agonist-enhanced EP4 externalization increases EP4 cell surface abundance and activity, thus enhancing nociceptor sensitization. SIGNIFICANCE This study adds mechanistic information regarding signalling transduction events involved in agonist-induced EP4 cell surface trafficking. EP4 and EP2 (to lesser extent) receptors, extra- and intracellular Ca++ , CaKMII, cAMP, PKA, PKC, PKCε, PLC, MAPK, PI3K and Akt are involved in this event. Agonist-induced EP4 externalization contributes to enhanced nociceptor sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ma
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - B St-Jacques
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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16
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Adrian D, Papich M, Baynes R, Murrell J, Lascelles BDX. Chronic maladaptive pain in cats: A review of current and future drug treatment options. Vet J 2017; 230:52-61. [PMID: 28887012 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite our increasing understanding of the pathophysiology underlying chronic or maladaptive pain, there is a significant gap in our ability to diagnose and treat the condition in domestic cats. Newer techniques being used to identify abnormalities in pain processing in the cat include validated owner questionnaires, measurement of movement and activity, and measurement of sensory thresholds and somatomotor responses. While some data are available evaluating possible therapeutics for the treatment of chronic pain in the cat, most data are limited to normal cats. This review details our current understanding of chronic or maladaptive pain, techniques for the detection and measurement of the condition and the associated central nervous changes, as well as an overview of the data evaluating potential therapeutics in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Adrian
- Comparative Pain Research and Education Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Mark Papich
- Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ron Baynes
- Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jo Murrell
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - B Duncan X Lascelles
- Comparative Pain Research and Education Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Center for Pain Research and Innovation, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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17
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Okumura Y, Yamagishi T, Nukui S, Nakao K. Discovery of AAT-008, a novel, potent, and selective prostaglandin EP4 receptor antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1186-1192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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18
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Ma W, St-Jacques B, Rudakou U, Kim YN. Stimulating TRPV1 externalization and synthesis in dorsal root ganglion neurons contributes to PGE2 potentiation of TRPV1 activity and nociceptor sensitization. Eur J Pain 2016; 21:575-593. [PMID: 27739618 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent peripheral sensitization contributes to chronic pain. Plasticity of nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons (nociceptors) induced by pro-inflammatory mediators contributes to sensitization. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) enriched in injured tissues is known not only directly to sensitize DRG neurons, but also to potentiate sensitizing effects of other pain mediators such as capsaicin and its receptor transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1). It remains unknown whether PGE2 potentiates TRPV1 activity by stimulating its synthesis, cell surface and axonal trafficking in DRG neurons. METHODS Combined biochemical, morphological, pharmacological and behavioral approaches have been used to address this issue in both in vitro and in vivo models. RESULTS PGE2 increased TRPV1 externalization in cultured rat DRG neurons in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, an event blocked by an inhibitor of protein synthesis or anterograde export. EP1 and EP4, but not EP2 and EP3, mediated this event. EP1 agonist-induced TRPV1 externalization was suppressed by inhibitors of CaMKII, PLC, PKC and PKCε, while EP4 agonist-induced TRPV1 externalization by inhibitors of cAMP/PKA and ERK/MAPK. Pre-exposure to PGE2 potentiated release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from cultured DRG neurons evoked by subsequent capsaicin stimulation. This event was blocked by an inhibitor of protein synthesis or export, suggesting that PGE2-induced TRPV1 synthesis and externalization is coupled to enhanced TRPV1 activity. Pre-exposure to PGE2 not only prolonged tactile allodynia evoked by subsequent capsaicin challenge, but also increased TRPV1 levels in L4-6 DRG, sciatic nerves and plantar skin. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that facilitating TRPV1 synthesis, cell surface and axonal trafficking is a novel mechanism underlying PGE2 potentiation of TRPV1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ma
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - B St-Jacques
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - U Rudakou
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Y N Kim
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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19
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Nagahisa A, Okumura T. Pharmacology of grapiprant, a novel EP4 antagonist: receptor binding, efficacy in a rodent postoperative pain model, and a dose estimation for controlling pain in dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 40:285-292. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Malty RH, Hudmon A, Fehrenbacher JC, Vasko MR. Long-term exposure to PGE2 causes homologous desensitization of receptor-mediated activation of protein kinase A. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:181. [PMID: 27400965 PMCID: PMC4940832 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute exposure to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) activates EP receptors in sensory neurons which triggers the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signaling cascade resulting in enhanced excitability of the neurons. With long-term exposure to PGE2, however, the activation of PKA does not appear to mediate persistent PGE2-induced sensitization. Consequently, we examined whether homologous desensitization of PGE2-mediated PKA activation occurs after long-term exposure of isolated sensory neurons to the eicosanoid. Methods Sensory neuronal cultures were harvested from the dorsal root ganglia of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The cultures were pretreated with vehicle or PGE2 and used to examine signaling mechanisms mediating acute versus persistent sensitization by exposure to the eicosanoid using enhanced capsaicin-evoked release of immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide (iCGRP) as an endpoint. Neuronal cultures chronically exposed to vehicle or PGE2 also were used to study the ability of the eicosanoid and other agonists to activate PKA and whether long-term exposure to the prostanoid alters expression of EP receptor subtypes. Results Acute exposure to 1 μM PGE2 augments the capsaicin-evoked release of iCGRP, and this effect is blocked by the PKA inhibitor H-89. After 5 days of exposure to 1 μM PGE2, administration of the eicosanoid still augments evoked release of iCGRP, but the effect is not attenuated by inhibition of PKA or by inhibition of PI3 kinases. The sensitizing actions of PGE2 after acute and long-term exposure were attenuated by EP2, EP3, and EP4 receptor antagonists, but not by an EP1 antagonist. Exposing neuronal cultures to 1 μM PGE2 for 12 h to 5 days blocks the ability of PGE2 to activate PKA. The offset of the desensitization occurs within 24 h of removal of PGE2 from the cultures. Long-term exposure to PGE2 also results in desensitization of the ability of a selective EP4 receptor agonist, L902688 to activate PKA, but does not alter the ability of cholera toxin, forskolin, or a stable analog of prostacyclin to activate PKA. Conclusions Long-term exposure to PGE2 results in homologous desensitization of EP4 receptor activation of PKA, but not to neuronal sensitization suggesting that activation of PKA does not mediate PGE2-induced sensitization after chronic exposure to the eicosanoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Habashy Malty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andy Hudmon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jill C Fehrenbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael R Vasko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., A449, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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21
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Wong CT, Ussyshkin N, Ahmad E, Rai-Bhogal R, Li H, Crawford DA. Prostaglandin E2promotes neural proliferation and differentiation and regulates Wnt target gene expression. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:759-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine T. Wong
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Netta Ussyshkin
- Department of Biology; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Eizaaz Ahmad
- Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Biology; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Ravneet Rai-Bhogal
- Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Biology; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Hongyan Li
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Dorota A. Crawford
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Biology; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada
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22
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Davidson JM, Wong CT, Li H, Crawford DA. Prostaglandin E2 facilitates subcellular translocation of the EP4 receptor in neuroectodermal NE-4C stem cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 7:173-179. [PMID: 28955904 PMCID: PMC5613302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a lipid mediator released from the phospholipid membranes that mediates important physiological functions in the nervous system via activation of four EP receptors (EP1-4). There is growing evidence for the important role of the PGE2/EP4 signaling in the nervous system. Previous studies in our lab show that the expression of the EP4 receptor is significantly higher during the neurogenesis period in the mouse. We also showed that in mouse neuroblastoma cells, the PGE2/EP4 receptor signaling pathway plays a role in regulation of intracellular calcium via a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent mechanism. Recent research indicates that the functional importance of the EP4 receptor depends on its subcellular localization. PGE2-induced EP4 externalization to the plasma membrane of primary sensory neurons has been shown to play a role in the pain pathway. In the present study, we detected a novel PGE2–dependent subcellular trafficking of the EP4 receptor in neuroectodermal (NE-4C) stem cells and differentiated NE-4C neuronal cells. We show that PGE2 induces EP4 externalization from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane in NE-4C stem cells. We also show that the EP4 receptors translocate to growth cones of differentiating NE-4C neuronal cells and that a higher level of PGE2 enhances its growth cone localization. These results demonstrate that the EP4 receptor relocation to the plasma membrane and growth cones in NE-4C cells is PGE2 dependent. Thus, the functional role of the PGE2/EP4 pathway in the developing nervous system may depend on the subcellular localization of the EP4 receptor. Function of the PGE2/EP4 pathway depends on the localization of the EP4 receptor. PGE2 induces EP4 trafficking from Golgi to plasma membrane in NE-4C stem cells. EP4 receptors translocate to growth cones in differentiating NE-4C neuronal cells. Higher PGE2 level enhanced EP4 trafficking to growth cones of NE-4C neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennilee M Davidson
- Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3.,Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Christine T Wong
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3.,Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Hongyan Li
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Dorota A Crawford
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3.,Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3.,Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3
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Induction of thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity by parathyroid hormone-related peptide through upregulation of TRPV1 function and trafficking. Pain 2016; 156:1620-1636. [PMID: 25970319 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The neurobiological mechanisms underlying chronic pain associated with cancers are not well understood. It has been hypothesized that factors specifically elevated in the tumor microenvironment sensitize adjacent nociceptive afferents. We show that parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), which is found at elevated levels in the tumor microenvironment of advanced breast and prostate cancers, is a critical modulator of sensory neurons. Intraplantar injection of PTHrP led to the development of thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in both male and female mice, which were absent in mice lacking functional transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1). The PTHrP treatment of cultured mouse sensory neurons enhanced action potential firing, and increased TRPV1 activation, which was dependent on protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide induced robust potentiation of TRPV1 activation and enhancement of neuronal firing at mild acidic pH that is relevant to acidic tumor microenvironment. We also observed an increase in plasma membrane TRPV1 protein levels after exposure to PTHrP, leading to upregulation in the proportion of TRPV1-responsive neurons, which was dependent on the activity of PKC and Src kinases. Furthermore, co-injection of PKC or Src inhibitors attenuated PTHrP-induced thermal but not mechanical hypersensitivity. Altogether, our results suggest that PTHrP and mild acidic conditions could induce constitutive pathological activation of sensory neurons through upregulation of TRPV1 function and trafficking, which could serve as a mechanism for peripheral sensitization of nociceptive afferents in the tumor microenvironment.
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St-Jacques B, Ma W. Preferred recycling pathway by internalized PGE2 EP4 receptor following agonist stimulation in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons contributes to enhanced EP4 receptor sensitivity. Neuroscience 2016; 326:56-68. [PMID: 27060485 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a well-known pain mediator abundantly produced in injured tissues, sensitizes nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons (nociceptors) through its four EP receptors (EP1-4). Our prior study showed that PGE2 or EP4 agonist stimulates EP4 externalization and this event was not only suppressed by the inhibitor of anterograde export, but also by the recycling inhibitor (St-Jacques and Ma, 2013). These data suggest that EP4 recycling also contributes to agonist-enhanced EP4 surface abundance. In the current study, we tested this hypothesis using antibody-feeding-based internalization assay, recycling assay and FITC-PGE2 binding assay. We observed that selective EP4 agonist 1-hydroxy-PGE1 (1-OH-PGE1) or CAY10850 time- and concentration-dependently increased EP4 internalization in cultured DRG neuron. Internalized EP4 was predominantly localized in the early endosomes and recycling endosomes, but rarely in the late endosomes and lysosomes. These observations were confirmed by FITC-PGE2 binding assay. We further revealed that 1-OH-PGE1 or CAY10850 time- and concentration-dependently increased EP4 recycling. Double exposures to 1-OH-PGE1 induced a greater increase in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release than a single exposure or vehicle exposure, an event blocked by pre-treatment with the recycling inhibitor monensin. Our data suggest that EP4 recycling contributes to agonist-induced cell surface abundance and consequently enhanced receptor sensitivity. Facilitating EP4 externalization and recycling is a novel mechanism underlying PGE2-induced nociceptor sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno St-Jacques
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Weiya Ma
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H4H 1R3, Canada.
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Schiffler MA, Chandrasekhar S, Fisher MJ, Harvey A, Kuklish SL, Wang XS, Warshawsky AM, York JS, Yu XP. Discovery and characterization of a potent and selective EP4 receptor antagonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3176-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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St-Jacques B, Ma W. Peripheral prostaglandin E2 prolongs the sensitization of nociceptive dorsal root ganglion neurons possibly by facilitating the synthesis and anterograde axonal trafficking of EP4 receptors. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:354-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Prostaglandin signalling regulates ciliogenesis by modulating intraflagellar transport. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:841-51. [PMID: 25173977 PMCID: PMC4154319 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cilia are microtubule-based organelles that mediate signal transduction in a variety of tissues. Despite their importance, the signaling cascades that regulate cilia formation remain incompletely understood. Here we report that prostaglandin signaling affects ciliogenesis by regulating anterograde intraflagellar transport (IFT). Zebrafish leakytail (lkt) mutants display ciliogenesis defects, and lkt locus encodes an ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCC4). We show that Lkt/ABCC4 localizes to the cell membrane and exports prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a function that is abrogated by the Lkt/ABCC4T804M mutant. PGE2 synthesis enzyme Cyclooxygenase-1 and its receptor, EP4, which localizes to the cilium and activates cAMP-mediated signaling cascade, are required for cilia formation and elongation. Importantly, PGE2 signaling increases anterograde but not retrograde velocity of IFT and promotes ciliogenesis in mammalian cells. These findings lead us to propose that Lkt/ABCC4-mediated PGE2 signaling acts through a ciliary G-protein-coupled receptor, EP4, to upregulate cAMP synthesis and increase anterograde IFT, thereby promoting ciliogenesis.
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Ma W, Quirion R. Targeting cell surface trafficking of pain-facilitating receptors to treat chronic pain conditions. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:459-72. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.887683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Gomez I, Benyahia C, Louedec L, Leséche G, Jacob MP, Longrois D, Norel X. Decreased PGE₂ content reduces MMP-1 activity and consequently increases collagen density in human varicose vein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88021. [PMID: 24505358 PMCID: PMC3914898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Varicose veins are elongated and dilated saphenous veins. Despite the high prevalence of this disease, its pathogenesis remains unclear. AIMS In this study, we investigated the control of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression by prostaglandin (PG)E₂ during the vascular wall remodeling of human varicose veins. METHODS AND RESULTS Varicose (small (SDv) and large diameter (LDv)) and healthy saphenous veins (SV) were obtained after surgery. Microsomal and cytosolic PGE-synthases (mPGES and cPGES) protein and mRNA responsible for PGE₂ metabolism were analyzed in all veins. cPGES protein was absent while its mRNA was weakly expressed. mPGES-2 expression was similar in the different saphenous veins. mPGES-1 mRNA and protein were detected in healthy veins and a significant decrease was found in LDv. Additionally, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), responsible for PGE₂ degradation, was over-expressed in varicose veins. These variations in mPGES-1 and 15-PGDH density account for the decreased PGE₂ level observed in varicose veins. Furthermore, a significant decrease in PGE₂ receptor (EP4) levels was also found in SDv and LDv. Active MMP-1 and total MMP-2 concentrations were significantly decreased in varicose veins while the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP -1 and -2), were significantly increased, probably explaining the increased collagen content found in LDv. Finally, the MMP/TIMP ratio is restored by exogenous PGE₂ in varicose veins and reduced in presence of an EP4 receptor antagonist in healthy veins. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, PGE₂ could be responsible for the vascular wall thickening in human varicose veins. This mechanism could be protective, strengthening the vascular wall in order to counteract venous stasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Gomez
- INSERM, U698, Paris, France
- University Paris Nord, UMR-S698, Paris, France
| | - Chabha Benyahia
- INSERM, U698, Paris, France
- University Paris Nord, UMR-S698, Paris, France
| | | | - Guy Leséche
- INSERM, U698, Paris, France
- AP-HP CHU X. Bichat, Department of Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, UMR-S698, Paris, France
| | | | - Dan Longrois
- INSERM, U698, Paris, France
- AP-HP CHU X. Bichat, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, UMR-S698, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Norel
- INSERM, U698, Paris, France
- University Paris Nord, UMR-S698, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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