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Li Z, Du Y, Wang X. Pancreatic Lineage Cell Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Acellular Pancreatic Bioscaffold. Pancreas 2022; 51:1411-1426. [PMID: 37099787 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the potential differentiation ability of bone mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) into pancreatic lineage cells on a rat acellular pancreatic bioscaffold (APB) and the effect of differentiated BMSCs in vivo. METHODS The BMSCs were dynamically or statically cultured with or without growth factor in both culture systems. We assessed the cytological behavior and differentiation. We also evaluated the pancreatic fibrosis and pathological scores. RESULTS The proliferation rates of BMSCs were significantly higher in the APB groups. The APB induced BMSCs to express mRNA markers at higher levels. All tested pancreatic functional proteins were also expressed at higher levels in the APB group. The secretion of metabolic enzymes was higher in the APB system. The ultrastructure of BMSCs in the APB group further revealed the morphological characteristics of pancreatic-like cells. For the in vivo study, the pancreatic fibrosis and pathological scores were significantly lower in the differentiated BMSCs group. In addition, in both the in vitro and the in vivo study, growth factor significantly improved proliferation, differentiation, and pancreatic cell therapy. CONCLUSIONS The APB can promote BMSC differentiation toward pancreatic lineage and pancreatic-like phenotypes, giving it the potential for use in pancreatic cell therapies and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Heinrich MA, Mostafa AMRH, Morton JP, Hawinkels LJAC, Prakash J. Translating complexity and heterogeneity of pancreatic tumor: 3D in vitro to in vivo models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:265-293. [PMID: 33895214 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive type of cancer with an overall survival rate of less than 7-8%, emphasizing the need for novel effective therapeutics against PDAC. However only a fraction of therapeutics which seemed promising in the laboratory environment will eventually reach the clinic. One of the main reasons behind this low success rate is the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) of PDAC, a highly fibrotic and dense stroma surrounding tumor cells, which supports tumor progression as well as increases the resistance against the treatment. In particular, the growing understanding of the PDAC TME points out a different challenge in the development of efficient therapeutics - a lack of biologically relevant in vitro and in vivo models that resemble the complexity and heterogeneity of PDAC observed in patients. The purpose and scope of this review is to provide an overview of the recent developments in different in vitro and in vivo models, which aim to recapitulate the complexity of PDAC in a laboratory environment, as well to describe how 3D in vitro models can be integrated into drug development pipelines that are already including sophisticated in vivo models. Hereby a special focus will be given on the complexity of in vivo models and the challenges in vitro models face to reach the same levels of complexity in a controllable manner. First, a brief introduction of novel developments in two dimensional (2D) models and ex vivo models is provided. Next, recent developments in three dimensional (3D) in vitro models are described ranging from spheroids, organoids, scaffold models, bioprinted models to organ-on-chip models including a discussion on advantages and limitations for each model. Furthermore, we will provide a detailed overview on the current PDAC in vivo models including chemically-induced models, syngeneic and xenogeneic models, highlighting hetero- and orthotopic, patient-derived tissues (PDX) models, and genetically engineered mouse models. Finally, we will provide a discussion on overall limitations of both, in vitro and in vivo models, and discuss necessary steps to overcome these limitations to reach an efficient drug development pipeline, as well as discuss possibilities to include novel in silico models in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A Heinrich
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Section Targeted Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Ahmed M R H Mostafa
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Section Targeted Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO-box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Section Targeted Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
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Pancreatic adenocarcinoma preferentially takes up and is suppressed by synthetic nanoparticles carrying apolipoprotein A-II and a lipid gemcitabine prodrug in mice. Cancer Lett 2020; 495:112-122. [PMID: 32949679 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesised that synthetic HDL nanoparticles carrying a gemcitabine prodrug and apolipoprotein A-II (sHDLGemA2) would target scavenger receptor-B1 (SR-B1) to preferentially and safely deliver gemcitabine into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We designed, manufactured and characterised sHDLGemA2 nanoparticles sized ~130 nm, incorporating 20 mol% of a gemcitabine prodrug within the lipid bilayer, which strengthens on adding ApoA-II. We measured their ability to inhibit growth in cell lines and cell-derived and patient-derived murine PDAC xenografts. Fluorescent-labelled sHDLGemA2 delivered gemcitabine inside xenografts. Xenograft levels of active gemcitabine after sHDLGemA2 were similar to levels after high-dose free gemcitabine. Growth inhibition in mice receiving 4.5 mg gemcitabine/kg/d, carried in sHDLGemA2, was equivalent to inhibition after high-dose (75 mg/kg/d) free gemcitabine, and greater than inhibition after low-dose (4.5 mg/kg/d) free gemcitabine. sHDLGemA2 slowed growth in semi-resistant cells and a resistant human xenograft. sHDLGemA2 targeted xenografts more effectively than sHDLGemA1. SR-B1 was over-expressed in PDAC cells and xenografts. Targeting by ApoA-II was suppressed by anti-SR-B1. Because sHDLGemA2 provided only ~6% of the free gemcitabine dose for an equivalent response, patient side effects can be greatly reduced, and the sHDLGemA2 concept should be developed through clinical trials.
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Chen Q, Wei T, Wang J, Zhang Q, Li J, Zhang J, Ni L, Wang Y, Bai X, Liang T. Patient-derived xenograft model engraftment predicts poor prognosis after surgery in patients with pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2020; 20:485-492. [PMID: 32113935 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish and evaluate a first generation patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model in nude mice using tumors resected from pancreatic cancer (PC) patients for the identification of key factors that influence xenograft success and prediction of patient prognosis. METHODS Primary tumor samples harvested from PC patients who underwent curative resection between May 2016 and April 2018 at our hospital were xenografted into nude mice. Tumor size was evaluated for 2 months. Patients' baseline characteristics and follow-up data were analyzed. RESULTS Tumor xenograft models were generated from 67 patients; 30 (44.8%) were successful and 37 (55.2%) failed. Xenograft models could recapitulate the pathology and genetic information of the primary tumors. Univariate analysis identified tumor engraftment, post-operation CA19-9, tumor size, lymph node status, and lymphovascular invasion as significant predictors (P=0.000, 0.023, 0.004, 0.035 and 0.005, respectively) of disease-free survival (DFS). Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed tumor engraftment, tumor size and lymphovascular invasion function as independent risk factors for DFS (P=0.000, 0.039 and 0.025, respectively). The hazard ratio of tumor engraftment for DFS was 0.239 (95% confidence interval, 0.109 to 0.524). Kaplan-Meier analysis of DFS indicated an unfavorable outcome in the engraftment group compared to that in the failed engraftment group (6.2 vs. 12.2 months, log rank P=0.000). CONCLUSION The pathology and genetic information of primary PC tumors are recapitulated in the PDX tumor model in nude mice. Furthermore, engraftment success is an effective predictor of disease recurrence in patients after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Lei Ni
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Wang CF, Shi XJ. Generation and application of patient-derived xenograft models in pancreatic cancer research. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132:2729-2736. [PMID: 31725451 PMCID: PMC6940092 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cancer (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Hence, the development of effective anti-PDAC therapies is urgently required. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are useful models for developing anti-cancer therapies and screening drugs for precision medicine. This review aimed to provide an updated summary of using PDX models in PDAC. DATA SOURCES The author retrieved information from the PubMed database up to June 2019 using various combinations of search terms, including PDAC, pancreatic carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, patient-derived xenografts or PDX, and patient-derived tumor xenografts or PDTX. STUDY SELECTION Original articles and review articles relevant to the review's theme were selected. RESULTS PDX models are better than cell line-derived xenograft and other models. PDX models consistently demonstrate retained tumor morphology and genetic stability, are beneficial in cancer research, could enhance drug discovery and oncologic mechanism development of PDAC, allow an improved understanding of human cancer cell biology, and help guide personalized treatment. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we outline the status and application of PDX models in both basic and pre-clinical pancreatic cancer researches. PDX model is one of the most appropriate pre-clinical tools that can improve the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Wang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary Surgery, The General Hospital of People's Liberation Army (301 hospital), Beijing 100853, China
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Wang X, Li YG, Du Y, Zhu JY, Li Z. The Research of Acellular Pancreatic Bioscaffold as a Natural 3-Dimensional Platform In Vitro. Pancreas 2018; 47:1040-1049. [PMID: 30086100 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the biochemical and functional properties of a rat acellular pancreatic bioscaffolds (APBs). METHODS Fresh pancreata from 10 rats were soaked and perfused through portal veins using Easy-Load Digital Drive peristaltic pumps. The histological structure, extracellular matrix composition, and the DNA content of the APBs were evaluated. Biocompatibility studies had also been performed. The proliferation and differentiation of AR42J pancreatic acinar cells were assessed. RESULTS The pancreatic tissue became translucent after decellularization. There were no visible vascular endothelial cells, cellular components, or cracked cellular debris. The extracellular matrix components were not decreased after decellularization (P > 0.05); however, the DNA content was decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The subcutaneous implantation sites showed low immunological response and low cytotoxicity around the APB. The proliferation rate was higher and the apoptosis rate was lower when AR42J cells were cultured on APB (P < 0.05). The gene expression and the protein expression were higher for the APB group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the biological utility of whole pancreas APBs as biomaterial scaffolds, which provides an improved approach for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yue-Guang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nankai Hospital
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
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Brown KM, Xue A, Julovi SM, Gill AJ, Pavlakis N, Samra JS, Smith RC, Hugh TJ. Using patient-derived xenograft models of colorectal liver metastases to predict chemosensitivity. J Surg Res 2018; 227:158-167. [PMID: 29804848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few in vivo models for colorectal cancer have been demonstrated to show external validity by accurately predicting clinical patient outcomes. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of cancer have characteristics that might provide a form of translational research leading to personalized cancer care. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of using PDXs as a platform for predicting patient colorectal liver metastases responses, in this case by correlating PDX and patient tumor responses to either folinic acid, fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin or folinic acid, fluorouracil plus irinotecan-based regimens. METHODS Sixteen patients underwent potentially curative resection of colorectal liver metastases, and tumors were grafted into NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/Arc mice. Mice were divided into groups to determine relative tumor growth in response to treatment. Tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for Ki67 and Excision repair cross-complementation group 1. RESULTS An engraftment rate of 81% was achieved. Overall, there was a 67% positive match rate between eligible patient and PDX chemosensitivity profiles. There was a significant difference in relative decrease in Ki67 expression between sensitive/stable versus resistant PDXs for both treatment regimens. There was no statistically significant correlation between baseline ERCC1 expression and response to Oxaliplatin + 5-Fluorouracil in the PDXs. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study supports the feasibility of using PDX models of advanced colorectal cancer in larger studies to potentially predict patient chemosensitivity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai M Brown
- Cancer Surgery and Metabolism Research Group, University of Sydney, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia; Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Upper GI Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital and North Shore Private Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Aiqun Xue
- Cancer Surgery and Metabolism Research Group, University of Sydney, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia; Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Upper GI Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital and North Shore Private Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sohel M Julovi
- Cancer Surgery and Metabolism Research Group, University of Sydney, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, University of Sydney, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nick Pavlakis
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jaswinder S Samra
- Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Upper GI Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital and North Shore Private Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ross C Smith
- Cancer Surgery and Metabolism Research Group, University of Sydney, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas J Hugh
- Cancer Surgery and Metabolism Research Group, University of Sydney, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia; Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Upper GI Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital and North Shore Private Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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Kim MJ, Kim MS, Kim SJ, An S, Park J, Park H, Lee JH, Song KB, Hwang DW, Chang S, Kim KP, Jeong SY, Kim SC, Hong SM. Establishment and characterization of 6 novel patient-derived primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines from Korean pancreatic cancer patients. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:47. [PMID: 28435405 PMCID: PMC5397831 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas are among the most malignant neoplasms and have very poor prognosis. Our understanding of various cancers has recently improved the survival of patients with cancer, except for pancreatic cancers. Establishment of primary cancer cell lines of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas will be useful for understanding the molecular mechanisms of this disease. METHODS Eighty-one surgically resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas were collected. Six novel pancreatic cancer cell lines, AMCPAC01-06, were established and histogenetic characteristics were compared with their matched tissues. The clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics of the cell lines were investigated by KRAS and TP53 sequencing or SMAD4 and p53 immunohistochemistry. Xenografts using AMCPAC cell lines were established. RESULTS From the 81 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, six (7.4% success rate) patient-derived primary cell lines were established. The six AMCPAC cell lines showed various morphologies and exhibited a wide range of doubling times. AMCPAC cell lines contained mutant KRAS in codons 12, 13, or 61 and TP53 in exon 5 as well as showed aberrant p53 (5 overexpression and 1 total loss) or DPC4 (all 6 intact) expression. AMCPAC cell lines demonstrated homology for the KRAS mutation and p53 expression compared with matched primary cancer tissues, but showed heterogeneous DPC4 expression patterns. CONCLUSIONS The novel AMCPAC01-06 cell lines established in this study may contribute to the understanding of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Trial registration Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ju Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Sun Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Joo Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon An
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hosub Park
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Byung Song
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Wook Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Suhwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Pyo Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Yun Jeong
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Center for Advancing Cancer Therapeutics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Song Cheol Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 Republic of Korea
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Apolipoprotein A-II Plus Lipid Emulsion Enhance Cell Growth via SR-B1 and Target Pancreatic Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151475. [PMID: 27002321 PMCID: PMC4803224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II) is down regulated in the sera of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, which may be due to increase utilization of high density lipoprotein (HDL) lipid by pancreatic cancer tissue. This study examined the influence of exogenous ApoA-II on lipid uptake and cell growth in pancreatic cancer (PC) both in vitro and in vivo. Methods Cryo transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examined ApoA-II’s influence on morphology of SMOFLipid emulsion. The influence of ApoA-II on proliferation of cancer cell lines was determined by incubating them with lipid+/-ApoA-II and anti-SR-B1 antibody. Lipid was labeled with the fluorophore, DiD, to trace lipid uptake by cancer cells in vitro by confocal microscopy and in vivo in PDAC patient derived xenograft tumours (PDXT) by fluorescence imaging. Scavenger receptor class B type-1(SR-B1) expression in PDAC cell lines and in PDAC PDXT was measured by western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results ApoA-II spontaneously converted lipid emulsion into very small unilamellar rHDL like vesicles (rHDL/A-II) and enhanced lipid uptake in PANC-1, CFPAC-1 and primary tumour cells as shown by confocal microscopy. SR-B1 expression was 13.2, 10.6, 3.1 and 2.3 fold higher in PANC-1, MIAPaCa-2, CFPAC-1 and BxPC3 cell lines than the normal pancreatic cell line (HPDE6) and 3.7 fold greater in PDAC tissue than in normal pancreas. ApoA-II plus lipid significantly increased the uptake of labeled lipid and promoted cell growth in PANC-1, MIAPaCa-2, CFPAC-1 and BxPC3 cells which was inhibited by anti SR-B1 antibody. Further, ApoA-II increased the uptake of lipid in xenografts by 3.4 fold. Conclusion Our data suggest that ApoA-II enhance targeting potential of lipid in pancreatic cancer which may have imaging and drug delivery potentialities.
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