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Avolio E, Olivito I, Leo A, De Matteo C, Guarnieri L, Bosco F, Mahata SK, Minervini D, Alò R, De Sarro G, Citraro R, Facciolo RM. Vasostatin-1 restores autistic disorders in an idiopathic autism model (BTBR T+ Itpr3 tf/J mice) by decreasing hippocampal neuroinflammation. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 135:111131. [PMID: 39209101 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Chromogranin A (CgA), a ∼ 49 kDa acidic secretory protein, is ubiquitously distributed in endocrine and neuroendocrine cells and neurons. As a propeptide, CgA is proteolytically cleaved to generate several peptides of biological importance, including pancreastatin (PST: hCgA250-301), Vasostatin 1 (VS1: hCgA1-76), and catestatin (CST: CgA 352-372). VS1 represents the most conserved fragment of CgA. A 20 amino acid domain within VS1 (CgA 47-66) exhibits potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Autism is known to be associated with inflammation. Therefore, we seek to test the hypothesis that VS1 modulates autism behaviors by reducing inflammation in the hippocampus. Treatment of C57BL/6 (B6) and BTBR (a mouse model of idiopathic autism) mice with VS1 revealed the following: BTBR mice showed a significant decrease in chamber time in the presence of a stranger or a novel object. Treatment with VS1 significantly increased chamber time in both cases, underscoring a crucial role for VS1 in improving behavioral deficits in BTBR mice. In contrast to chamber time, sniffing time in BTBR mice in the presence of a stranger was less compared to B6 control mice. VS1 did not improve this latter parameter. Surprisingly, sniffing time in BTBR mice in the presence of a novel object was comparable with B6 mice. Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-1b, as well as other inflammatory markers, were elevated in BTBR mice, which were dramatically reduced after supplementation with VS1. Interestingly, even Beclin-1/p62, pAKT/AKT, and p-p70-S6K/p70-S6K ratios were notably reduced by VS1. We conclude that VS1 plays a crucial role in restoring autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) plausibly by attenuating neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ennio Avolio
- Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Ponte Pietro Bucci 4B, Arcavacata di Rende, 87030 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Olivito
- Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Ponte Pietro Bucci 4B, Arcavacata di Rende, 87030 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Leo
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; System and Applied Pharmacology@University Magna Grecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Claudia De Matteo
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; System and Applied Pharmacology@University Magna Grecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; System and Applied Pharmacology@University Magna Grecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; System and Applied Pharmacology@University Magna Grecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Damiana Minervini
- Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Ponte Pietro Bucci 4B, Arcavacata di Rende, 87030 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Raffaella Alò
- Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Ponte Pietro Bucci 4B, Arcavacata di Rende, 87030 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; System and Applied Pharmacology@University Magna Grecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rita Citraro
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; System and Applied Pharmacology@University Magna Grecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Facciolo
- Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Ponte Pietro Bucci 4B, Arcavacata di Rende, 87030 Cosenza, Italy
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Partelli S, Battistella A, Andreasi V, Muffatti F, Tamburrino D, Pecorelli N, Crippa S, Balzano G, Falconi M. Critical appraisal of the adequacy of surgical indications for non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. BJS Open 2024; 8:zrae083. [PMID: 39107074 PMCID: PMC11303005 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrae083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of preoperative prognostic factors to accurately predict tumour aggressiveness in non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours may result in inappropriate management decisions. This study aimed to critically evaluate the adequacy of surgical treatment in patients with resectable non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours and investigate preoperative features of surgical appropriateness. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent curative surgery for non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours at San Raffaele Hospital (2002-2022). The appropriateness of surgical treatment was categorized as appropriate, potential overtreatment and potential undertreatment based on histologic features of aggressiveness and disease relapse within 1 year from surgery (early relapse). RESULTS A total of 384 patients were included. Among them, 230 (60%) received appropriate surgical treatment, whereas the remaining 154 (40%) underwent potentially inadequate treatment: 129 (34%) experienced potential overtreatment and 25 (6%) received potential undertreatment. The appropriateness of surgical treatment was significantly associated with radiological tumour size (P < 0.001), tumour site (P = 0.012), surgical technique (P < 0.001) and year of surgical resection (P < 0.001). Surgery performed before 2015 (OR 2.580, 95% c.i. 1.570 to 4.242; P < 0.001), radiological tumour diameter < 25.5 mm (OR 6.566, 95% c.i. 4.010 to 10.751; P < 0.001) and pancreatic body/tail localization (OR 1.908, 95% c.i. 1.119 to 3.253; P = 0.018) were identified as independent predictors of potential overtreatment. Radiological tumour size was the only independent determinant of potential undertreatment (OR 0.291, 95% c.i. 0.107 to 0.791; P = 0.016). Patients subjected to potential undertreatment exhibited significantly poorer disease-free survival (P < 0.001), overall survival (P < 0.001) and disease-specific survival (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Potential overtreatment occurs in nearly one-third of patients undergoing surgery for non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Tumour diameter emerges as the sole variable capable of predicting the risk of both potential surgical overtreatment and undertreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Partelli
- Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Centre, Pancreatic Surgery Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Battistella
- Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Centre, Pancreatic Surgery Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Andreasi
- Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Centre, Pancreatic Surgery Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Muffatti
- Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Centre, Pancreatic Surgery Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Tamburrino
- Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Centre, Pancreatic Surgery Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Pecorelli
- Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Centre, Pancreatic Surgery Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Crippa
- Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Centre, Pancreatic Surgery Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Balzano
- Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Centre, Pancreatic Surgery Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Centre, Pancreatic Surgery Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Battistella A, Tacelli M, Mapelli P, Schiavo Lena M, Andreasi V, Genova L, Muffatti F, De Cobelli F, Partelli S, Falconi M. Recent developments in the diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:155-169. [PMID: 38647016 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2024.2342837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (PanNENs) are characterized by a highly heterogeneous clinical and biological behavior, making their diagnosis challenging. PanNENs diagnostic work-up mainly relies on biochemical markers, pathological examination, and imaging evaluation. The latter includes radiological imaging (i.e. computed tomography [CT] and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), functional imaging (i.e. 68Gallium [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-peptide PET/CT and Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose [18F]FDG PET/CT), and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with its associated procedures. AREAS COVERED This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the recent advancements in the PanNENs diagnostic field. PubMed and Embase databases were used for the research, performed from inception to October 2023. EXPERT OPINION A deeper understanding of PanNENs biology, recent technological improvements in imaging modalities, as well as progresses achieved in molecular and cytological assays, are fundamental players for the achievement of early diagnosis and enhanced preoperative characterization of PanNENs. A multimodal diagnostic approach is required for a thorough disease assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Battistella
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Tacelli
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Pancreato-biliary Endoscopy and EUS Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Mapelli
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Andreasi
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luana Genova
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Muffatti
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco De Cobelli
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Partelli
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Andreasi V, Partelli S, Manzoni MF, Muffatti F, Di Filippo L, Crippa S, Corti A, Falconi M. Role of chromogranin A-derived fragments after resection of nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:1209-1217. [PMID: 35122631 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE No single reliable biomarker is available for nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PanNETs). Vasostatin-1 (VS-1), the N-terminal fragment of chromogranin A (CgA), seems to be a more accurate biomarker compared to its precursor. Primary aim was to investigate the ability of VS-1, compared to total-CgA, to assess the effectiveness of surgical resection performed for NF-PanNETs. Secondary aim was to evaluate two additional CgA-derived fragments, pancreastatin (PST) and vasostatin-2 (VS-2), as possible biomarkers for NF-PanNETs. METHODS Consecutive patients who underwent surgery for NF-PanNETs at San Raffaele Scientific Institute were included (n = 35). Plasma levels of CgA and CgA-derived fragments were measured by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA), preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS Preoperative VS-1 was significantly higher compared to VS-1 measured on postoperative day 5 (POD5) (pre: 0.338 nM versus POD5: 0.147 nM, P < 0.001), whereas total-CgA significantly increased after surgery (pre: 1.123 nM versus POD5: 1.949 nM, P = 0.006). Overall, 24 patients showed ≥ 1 feature of tumor aggressiveness (T3-T4, nodal/distant metastases, Ki67 > 5%, microvascular/perineural invasion, necrosis). The median percentage decrease in VS-1 plasma levels was 63% (IQR 28-88%) among patients with aggressive tumors, compared to 13% (IQR 0-57%) in the remaining population (P = 0.033). No significant differences in terms of PST (P = 0.870) and VS-2 (P = 0.909) were observed between preoperative and postoperative time. CONCLUSION VS-1 provides an early assessment of surgical efficacy in patients who undergo resection for NF-PanNETs, especially in those with aggressive neoplasms. Total-CgA, PST and VS-2 have no clinical utility in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Andreasi
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Hospital Neuroendocrine Tumor Group (ENETS Center of Excellence), Milan, Italy
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Experimental Oncology Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S Partelli
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Hospital Neuroendocrine Tumor Group (ENETS Center of Excellence), Milan, Italy
| | - M F Manzoni
- San Raffaele Hospital Neuroendocrine Tumor Group (ENETS Center of Excellence), Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - F Muffatti
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Hospital Neuroendocrine Tumor Group (ENETS Center of Excellence), Milan, Italy
| | - L Di Filippo
- San Raffaele Hospital Neuroendocrine Tumor Group (ENETS Center of Excellence), Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S Crippa
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Hospital Neuroendocrine Tumor Group (ENETS Center of Excellence), Milan, Italy
| | - A Corti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Hospital Neuroendocrine Tumor Group (ENETS Center of Excellence), Milan, Italy
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting Unit, Experimental Oncology Division, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Falconi
- Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- San Raffaele Hospital Neuroendocrine Tumor Group (ENETS Center of Excellence), Milan, Italy.
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Wang P, Wang W, Peng X, Ruan F, Yang S. Protective effect of vasostatin-1 plasmid-like nanoparticles on aortic aneurysm and its mechanism. Bioengineered 2022; 13:544-559. [PMID: 34968165 PMCID: PMC8805933 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2009978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasostatin 1 (VS-1) plays an important role in the regulation of various tissue injury and repair processes, but its role in aortic aneurysm remains unclear. The plasmid-like nanoparticles containing the vasostatin-1 gene Pul-PGEA-pCas-sgVs-1 were constructed, and their guarantee, safety, hemolysis, and particle size were analyzed. Eighty-four eight-week-old male ApoE-mice were randomly divided into blank group (without any treatment), model group (Ang II aortic aneurysm model + tail injection of PBS), control group (modeling + tail injection of Pul-PGEA-pCas9), and experimental group (modeling + tail injection of Pul-PGEA-pCas-sgVs-1), with 21 rats in each group. The incidence, mortality, and maximum diameter of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and the contents of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS-CRP), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and TNF-a in serum were compared in different groups of mice. The results showed that Pul-PGEA-pCas-sgVs-1 had good biosafety and transfection ability. The maximum diameter of abdominal aorta, incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysm, mortality, and the expression levels of HS-CRP, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and TNF-a in the experimental group were lower than those in the model group (P< 0.05). These results indicated that the plasmid-like nanoparticles Pul-PGEA-pCas-sgVs-1 can inhibit the development of aorta by down-regulating the expression of inflammatory factors, which played a good protective role on the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingshan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xingxing Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Fugui Ruan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Shiyao Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Province, China
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Li H, Pan W, Xu L, Yin D, Cheng S, Zhao F. Prognostic Significance of Microvascular Invasion in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e930545. [PMID: 34393219 PMCID: PMC8378224 DOI: 10.12659/msm.930545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence, pathogenesis, and prognostic effect of microvascular invasion on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain controversial. This study aimed to summarize the incidence, pathogenesis, role in clinical management, recurrence, and prognostic significance of microvascular invasion in PDAC. MATERIAL AND METHODS A literature review and meta-analysis were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Systematic literature searches were conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar up to February 2021. RESULTS Seventeen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The incidence of microvascular invasion was 49.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43.8-54.5%) among PDAC patients who underwent surgery. The weighted multivariate Cox proportional hazards model hazard ratio for disease-free survival of 8 studies was 1.78 (95% CI 1.53-2.08, P<0.001), and there was no statistically significant difference between the subgroups (P=0.477). The hazard ratio for overall survival of 14 studies was 1.49 (95% CI 1.27-1.74, P<0.001), and there was no statistically significant difference between the subgroups (P=0.676). CONCLUSIONS Microvascular invasion occurred in nearly half of PDAC patients after surgery and was closely related to disease-free and overall survival. Understanding the role of microvascular invasion in PDAC will help provide more personalized and effective preoperative or postoperative strategies to achieve better survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangbao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of Jiaxing, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Weiwei Pan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Liu Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of Jiaxing, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Dong Yin
- Department of Oncology, First Hospital of Jiaxing, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Department of Oncology, First Hospital of Jiaxing, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
- Department of Hepatic Surgery IV, The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fengqing Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of Jiaxing, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
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Update on gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Dig Liver Dis 2021; 53:171-182. [PMID: 32912771 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) has dramatically risen over the last three decades, probably due to the increased detection of asymptomatic lesions. The diagnostic work-up for patients with suspected GEP-NENs is based on conventional imaging, endoscopy, pathology, and functional imaging, including 68Gallium-DOTATATE PET and 18F-FDG PET. The choice of the best treatment strategy should be based on the evaluation of tumor-related features and patient's characteristics. A conservative management, consisting of active surveillance or endoscopic resection, has been advocated for patients with small, incidentally discovered, nonfunctioning tumors without features of aggressiveness. On the other hand, surgery with lymphadenectomy, also with a minimally invasive approach, represents the gold standard for the curative treatment of localized disease. Moreover, surgical resection plays an important role also in the context of a multimodal treatment strategy for patients with advanced GEP-NENs. Finally, a wide range of medical therapies, comprising somatostatin analogues, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, target therapies and several chemotherapy regimens, can be offered to patients with advanced GEP-NENs not amenable of surgical resection, according to the biological and molecular features of their disease.
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Primavesi F, Andreasi V, Hoogwater FJ, Partelli S, Wiese D, Heidsma C, Cardini B, Klieser E, Marsoner K, Fröschl U, Thalhammer S, Fischer I, Göbel G, Hauer A, Kiesslich T, Ellmerer P, Klug R, Neureiter D, Wundsam H, Sellner F, Kornprat P, Függer R, Öfner D, Nieveen van Dijkum EJ, Bartsch DK, de Kleine RH, Falconi M, Stättner S. A Preoperative Clinical Risk Score Including C-Reactive Protein Predicts Histological Tumor Characteristics and Patient Survival after Surgery for Sporadic Non-Functional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: An International Multicenter Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051235. [PMID: 32423000 PMCID: PMC7280962 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oncological survival after resection of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (panNEN) is highly variable depending on various factors. Risk stratification with preoperatively available parameters could guide decision-making in multidisciplinary treatment concepts. C-reactive Protein (CRP) is linked to inferior survival in several malignancies. This study assesses CRP within a novel risk score predicting histology and outcome after surgery for sporadic non-functional panNENs. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study with national exploration and international validation. CRP and other factors associated with overall survival (OS) were evaluated by multivariable cox-regression to create a clinical risk score (CRS). Predictive values regarding OS, disease-specific survival (DSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were assessed by time-dependent receiver-operating characteristics. Results: Overall, 364 patients were included. Median CRP was significantly higher in patients >60 years, G3, and large tumors. In multivariable analysis, CRP was the strongest preoperative factor for OS in both cohorts. In the combined cohort, CRP (cut-off ≥0.2 mg/dL; hazard-ratio (HR):3.87), metastases (HR:2.80), and primary tumor size ≥3.0 cm (HR:1.83) showed a significant association with OS. A CRS incorporating these variables was associated with postoperative histological grading, T category, nodal positivity, and 90-day morbidity/mortality. Time-dependent area-under-the-curve at 60 months for OS, DSS, and RFS was 69%, 77%, and 67%, respectively (all p < 0.001), and the inclusion of grading further improved the predictive potential (75%, 84%, and 78%, respectively). Conclusions: CRP is a significant marker of unfavorable oncological characteristics in panNENs. The proposed internationally validated CRS predicts histological features and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Primavesi
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.P.); (B.C.); (D.Ö.)
| | - Valentina Andreasi
- Pancreatic Surgery, Università Vita-Salute, IRCCS Hospital San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (V.A.); (S.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Frederik J.H. Hoogwater
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.J.H.H.); (R.H.J.d.K.)
| | - Stefano Partelli
- Pancreatic Surgery, Università Vita-Salute, IRCCS Hospital San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (V.A.); (S.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Dominik Wiese
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (D.W.); (D.K.B.)
| | - Charlotte Heidsma
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.H.); (E.J.M.N.v.D.)
| | - Benno Cardini
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.P.); (B.C.); (D.Ö.)
| | - Eckhard Klieser
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (E.K.); (D.N.)
| | - Katharina Marsoner
- Department of Surgery, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (K.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Uwe Fröschl
- Department of Surgery, Ordensklinikum, 4010 Linz, Austria; (U.F.); (I.F.); (H.W.); (R.F.)
| | - Sabine Thalhammer
- Department of Surgery, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, 1100 Vienna, Austria; (S.T.); (F.S.)
| | - Ines Fischer
- Department of Surgery, Ordensklinikum, 4010 Linz, Austria; (U.F.); (I.F.); (H.W.); (R.F.)
| | - Georg Göbel
- Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Andreas Hauer
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital Horn, 3580 Horn, Austria; (A.H.); (R.K.)
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Philipp Ellmerer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Reinhold Klug
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital Horn, 3580 Horn, Austria; (A.H.); (R.K.)
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (E.K.); (D.N.)
| | - Helwig Wundsam
- Department of Surgery, Ordensklinikum, 4010 Linz, Austria; (U.F.); (I.F.); (H.W.); (R.F.)
| | - Franz Sellner
- Department of Surgery, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, 1100 Vienna, Austria; (S.T.); (F.S.)
| | - Peter Kornprat
- Department of Surgery, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (K.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Reinhold Függer
- Department of Surgery, Ordensklinikum, 4010 Linz, Austria; (U.F.); (I.F.); (H.W.); (R.F.)
| | - Dietmar Öfner
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.P.); (B.C.); (D.Ö.)
| | - Elisabeth J.M. Nieveen van Dijkum
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.H.); (E.J.M.N.v.D.)
| | - Detlef K. Bartsch
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (D.W.); (D.K.B.)
| | - Ruben H.J. de Kleine
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (F.J.H.H.); (R.H.J.d.K.)
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Pancreatic Surgery, Università Vita-Salute, IRCCS Hospital San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (V.A.); (S.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Stefan Stättner
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (F.P.); (B.C.); (D.Ö.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-512-504-22601
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