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Ribeiro M, Gomes-Gonçalves S, Moreira G, Cardoso L, Mesquita JR. On the faecal detection of Halicephalobus gingivalis in equines in Iran. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10453-6. [PMID: 38935174 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The life-cycle of the parasitic forms of Halicephalobus gingivalis is yet to be fully understood. In cases where there is evidence to support the presence of eggs from this parasite or its DNA in the faeces of equines, a thorough investigation of the clinical status and gastro-intestinal tract of the affected animals is warranted, as well as detailed descriptions of the employed coprological technique. Since reports of the identification of H. gingivalis eggs in faeces are sparse, objective measurements and high-quality images must be provided, in order to ensure optimal criteria for classification. Regarding research concerning H. gingivalis, no piece of information should be regarded as superfluous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Ribeiro
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory (MIDlab), ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sara Gomes-Gonçalves
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory (MIDlab), ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Moreira
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory (MIDlab), ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Cardoso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, and CECAV - Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João R Mesquita
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Laboratory (MIDlab), ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
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Sousa TM, Toma HS, de Pádua Lima A, Lacreta Junior ACC, Nunes MM, da Silva APC, Wouters D, Albuquerque AS, Varaschin MS, Raymundo DL, Monteiro Toma CD, Batista FA. Pathological fracture induced by Halicephalobus gingivalis (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in a horse limb. PARASITES, HOSTS AND DISEASES 2024; 62:131-138. [PMID: 38443776 PMCID: PMC10915270 DOI: 10.3347/phd.23066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Halicephalobus gingivalis is a free-living nematode that occasionally causes infections in horses. We report a rare case of limb fracture of horse caused by infection with H. gingivalis. An 8-year-old mare was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Lavras with claudication grade 5 of the right hind limb, that had been started 3 months ago. The patient had aseptic arthritis in the tarsal joint and edema that extended to the quartile. The radiographic examination showed punctate osteolysis with exacerbation of bone trabeculation along the calcaneus, talus, proximal epiphysis of the third metatarsal and distal epiphysis of the tibia. Treatment for arthritis was initiated, and the animal showed a slight improvement in limb function. However, 21 days after hospitalization, due to a comminuted fracture of the tibia, it was euthanized. At necropsy, yellowish masses were found from the metatarsal to the tibia, and around the tarsal bones and joint. Similar masses were also found in the left kidney. Numerous nematodes compatible with H. gingivalis were identified. This is the first description of a pathological fracture caused by H. gingivalis infection in an equine limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ticiana Meireles Sousa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais State 37203-202,
Brazil
| | - Hugo Shisei Toma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais State 37203-202,
Brazil
| | - Antonio de Pádua Lima
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais State 37203-202,
Brazil
| | | | - Maira Meira Nunes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais State 37203-202,
Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Cassiano da Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais State 37203-202,
Brazil
| | - Daniel Wouters
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais State 37203-202,
Brazil
| | - Adriana Silva Albuquerque
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais State 37203-202,
Brazil
| | - Mary Suzan Varaschin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais State 37203-202,
Brazil
| | - Djeison Lutier Raymundo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais State 37203-202,
Brazil
| | - Claudia Dias Monteiro Toma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Center of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais State 37203-593,
Brazil
| | - Fernando Arévalo Batista
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State 79070-900,
Brazil
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Faghihzadeh Gorji F, Sadr S, Sharifiyazdi H, Borji H. The first molecular isolation of Halicephalobus gingivalis from horses in Iran. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:527-531. [PMID: 37541991 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10188-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parasitic infections pose significant threats to humans' and animals' well-being worldwide. Among these parasites, Halicephalobus spp., a genus of nematodes, has gained attention due to its ability to cause severe infections in various animal species, including horses. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Halicephalobus spp., specifically focusing on Halicephalobus gingivalis in horses. MATERIALS AND METHODS In July 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted in northern Iran to determine the prevalence of Halicephalobus spp. Using standard coprological techniques, 141 fecal samples from randomly selected horses were analyzed for GI helminth eggs. The Halicephalobus spp. eggs present in faeces were identified by molecular methods. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the partial 5' variable region (~ 390 base pairs) of 18 S DNA using SSUA_F and SSU22_R primers. Furthermore, the PCR products obtained were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was performed using available sequences from GenBank. RESULTS Microscopic examination of 141 fresh faecal samples revealed 5 fecal samples were infected with small ellipsoidal nematode eggs ranging between 40 and 50 × 50-60 μm. This study's PCR amplicons showed ~ 390 bp bands on 2.0% agarose gel. A partial sequence of 18 S DNA (363 bp) was obtained herein (GenBank accession no. OQ843456). CONCLUSION Overall, using molecular tools represents a significant step forward in diagnosing and managing the Halicephalobus gingivalis infections in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Faghihzadeh Gorji
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soheil Sadr
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Sharifiyazdi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Borji
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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Olofsson KM, van de Velde N, Peletto S, Iulini B, Pratley L, Modabberzadeh B, Małek E, Grandi G. First Swedish case of fatal equine parasitic encephalitis by Halicephalobus gingivalis. Acta Vet Scand 2023; 65:56. [PMID: 38102633 PMCID: PMC10722705 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-023-00719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Halicephalobus gingivalis is a nematode with zoonotic potential which can cause fatal opportunistic infections in various mammals. The parasite has never been diagnosed in Sweden, in any species, prior to the presented case. CASE PRESENTATION An imported 21-year-old Icelandic mare developed severe neurological signs. The horse was eventually euthanized and submitted for post-mortem examination where severe lesions in the kidneys were noted. Histopathology revealed the presence of H. gingivalis in both kidneys and the brain. Phylogenetic analysis of the parasite determined it to belong to Lineage 1. CONCLUSIONS With the occurrence of H. gingivalis in Sweden, the disease should be added to the list of differential diagnoses in cases with acute onset of neurological disease in both horses and other mammals including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Maria Olofsson
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Norbert van de Velde
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Iulini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Pratley
- Evidensia Specialisthästsjukhuset Helsingborg, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | | | - Emilian Małek
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giulio Grandi
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden.
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Zapałowska A, Skwiercz A, Tereba A, Puchalski C, Malewski T. Next-Generation Sequencing for Evaluating the Soil Nematode Diversity and Its Role in Composting Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15749. [PMID: 37958731 PMCID: PMC10650539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity within composting systems involves a variety of microorganisms including nematodes. In the research, nematode populations were monitored within six simultaneously operating composting processes. These processes involved varying proportions of feedstock materials. The primary objective was to evaluate the consistency of nematode community succession patterns across the composting processes over a time of 3 months. During the study, samples were taken every month to isolate nematodes, determine the population density of the five trophic groups (per genus) and determine the dominant nematode species. It was shown that the bacterial-feeding community maintained dominance, while the fungus-feeding nematodes gradually increased in dominance as the maturation process progressed. The presence of predatory nematodes Mononchoides which were initially absent, along with the total absence of parasitic nematodes in the late stages of waste stabilization, serves as strong evidence for the reliable evaluation of the biodegradable waste processing level. Based on the obtained results, it is evident that the succession of nematode communities holds promise as a reliable method for evaluating compost maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Zapałowska
- Department of Agriculture and Waste Management, Collegium of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, St. Ćwiklinskiej 1a, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Andrzej Skwiercz
- National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland;
| | - Anna Tereba
- Department of Forest Ecology, Forest Research Institute, Braci Leśnej 3, Sękocin Stary, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland;
| | - Czesław Puchalski
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, Collegium of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, St. Ćwiklińskiej 2D, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Malewski
- Department of Molecular and Biometric Techniques, Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland;
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Baker E, Geick A, Hines M, Gerhold R, Cordero-Aponte C. Case report: Halicephalobus gingivalis in a Tennessee pony. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2023; 39:100843. [PMID: 36878634 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
A 17-year-old female grade pony presented to University of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Center in May of 2021 for evaluation of multifocal, firm, sessile, circular lesions of various diameters on the ventrum and flank. The lesions had been present for two weeks at presentation. An excisional biopsy found numerous adult and larval rhabditid nematodes most consistent with Halicephalobus gingivalis. PCR targeting a portion of the large ribosomal subunit confirmed this diagnosis. The patient was treated with a high dose course of ivermectin followed by fenbendazole. The patient began showing neurologic signs five months after initial diagnosis. Due to the poor prognosis, euthanasia was elected. PCR of CNS tissues confirmed the presence of H. gingivalis in the brain, and one adult worm and several larvae were found on histologic sections of the cerebellum. H. gingivalis is a rare but lethal disease of horses and people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Baker
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Room A233, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Abby Geick
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Melissa Hines
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Richard Gerhold
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Room A233, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Camille Cordero-Aponte
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Room A233, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Ochi A, Falconnier N, Baker R, Botting A, Dehghanpir SD, Langohr IM. Chronic weight loss, intermittent hematuria, polyuria, and polydipsia in a 23-year-old Quarter Horse gelding. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 261:407-409. [PMID: 36520650 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.10.0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ochi
- 1Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA.,2Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naomi Falconnier
- 1Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Rose Baker
- 3Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Alasdair Botting
- 3Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Shannon D Dehghanpir
- 3Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Ingeborg M Langohr
- 1Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
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Wollanke B, Gerhards H, Ackermann K. Infectious Uveitis in Horses and New Insights in Its Leptospiral Biofilm-Related Pathogenesis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:387. [PMID: 35208842 PMCID: PMC8875353 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveitis is a sight-threatening eye disease in equids known worldwide that leads to considerable pain and suffering. By far the most common type of uveitis in Germany and neighboring countries is classical equine recurrent uveitis (ERU), which is caused by chronic intraocular leptospiral infection and is the main cause of infectious uveitis in horses. Other infectious causes are extremely rare and are usually clinically distinguishable from ERU. ERU can be treated very effectively by vitreous cavity lavage (vitrectomy). For proper indications of this demanding surgery, it is necessary to differentiate ERU from other types of uveitis in which vitrectomy is not helpful. This can be conducted on the basis of anamnesis in combination with ophthalmologic findings and by aqueous humor examination. During vitrectomy, vitreous material is obtained. These vitreous samples have historically been used for numerous etiologic studies. In this way, a chronic intraocular leptospiral infection has been shown to be the cause of typical ERU and, among other findings, ERU has also been recognized as a biofilm infection, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of ERU and explaining some thus far unexplainable phenomena of ERU. ERU may not only have transmissible aspects to some types of uveitis in humans but may also serve as a model for a spontaneously occurring biofilm infection. Vitreous material obtained during therapeutically indicated vitrectomy can be used for further studies on in vivo biofilm formation, biofilm composition and possible therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Wollanke
- Equine Clinic, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80539 Munich, Germany; (H.G.); (K.A.)
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9
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Mathison BA, Sapp SGH. An annotated checklist of the eukaryotic parasites of humans, exclusive of fungi and algae. Zookeys 2021; 1069:1-313. [PMID: 34819766 PMCID: PMC8595220 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1069.67403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The classification of "parasites" in the medical field is a challenging notion, a group which historically has included all eukaryotes exclusive of fungi that invade and derive resources from the human host. Since antiquity, humans have been identifying and documenting parasitic infections, and this collective catalog of parasitic agents has expanded considerably with technology. As our understanding of species boundaries and the use of molecular tools has evolved, so has our concept of the taxonomy of human parasites. Consequently, new species have been recognized while others have been relegated to synonyms. On the other hand, the decline of expertise in classical parasitology and limited curricula have led to a loss of awareness of many rarely encountered species. Here, we provide a comprehensive checklist of all reported eukaryotic organisms (excluding fungi and allied taxa) parasitizing humans resulting in 274 genus-group taxa and 848 species-group taxa. For each species, or genus where indicated, a concise summary of geographic distribution, natural hosts, route of transmission and site within human host, and vectored pathogens are presented. Ubiquitous, human-adapted species as well as very rare, incidental zoonotic organisms are discussed in this annotated checklist. We also provide a list of 79 excluded genera and species that have been previously reported as human parasites but are not believed to be true human parasites or represent misidentifications or taxonomic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaine A. Mathison
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USAInstitute for Clinical and Experimental PathologySalt Lake CityUnited States of America
| | - Sarah G. H. Sapp
- Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USACenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaUnited States of America
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Gratwick Z, Frean J, Plessis D, Hewetson M, Schwan V. A case of verminous mastitis in a mare. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Gratwick
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies University of Pretoria OnderstepoortSouth Africa
| | - J. Frean
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases (Division of the National Health Laboratory Service) University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - D. Plessis
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases (Division of the National Health Laboratory Service) University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - M. Hewetson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services The Royal Veterinary College Hertfordshire UK
| | - V. Schwan
- Department of Tropical Diseases University of Pretoria Onderstepoort South Africa
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11
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Nolte LC, Rosiak M, Baechlein C, Baumgärtner W, Allnoch L. Equine Idiopathic Systemic Granulomatous Disease With Manifestation in the Cerebellum Associated With Equid Gammaherpesvirus 2. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 94:103225. [PMID: 33077072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic systemic granulomatous disease (ISGD), also known as equine sarcoidosis is an uncommon disease of horses, manifesting in exfoliative dermatitis and granulomatous inflammation in various organs. The current report presents a case of a 15-year-old Hanoverian mare with a 4-month history of weight loss, recurrent fever, skin lesions, and movement disorders. Pathological examination revealed granulomatous and necrotizing inflammation in the skin, regional lymph nodes, and cerebellum. Based on histological, immunohistochemical, and microbiological findings, the diagnosis of ISGD was made. Sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction product of pooled brain tissue revealed the presence of equid gammaherpesvirus 2 DNA. This case is the first description of generalized ISGD with granulomatous dermatitis simultaneously affecting the skin and cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Caroline Nolte
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Małgorzata Rosiak
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Baechlein
- Institute of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Lisa Allnoch
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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12
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Avila VA, López-García Y, Hernández-Castro R, Salas-Garrido CG, Ramírez-Lezama J, Calderón-Villa R, Martínez-Chavarría LC. First case of fatal equine meningoencephalitis caused by Halicephalobus gingivalis in Mexico. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 20:100399. [PMID: 32448540 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant nematode larval migration in the CNS of horses is rare but frequently fatal; one of the main etiological agents involved in this illness is Halicephalobus gingivalis. This soil nematode has been associated with several fatal equine meningoencephalitis reports worldwide; however, it had never been diagnosed in horses of Mexico. A 10 year-old Andalusian horse presented dysphagia, fever, weakness, prostration and ataxia; the patient expired during the medical attention. Post mortem examination was performed and no gross alterations were found. Histopathology revealed meningoencephalitis, vasculitis and intralesional adult nematodes, larvae and eggs compatible with Halicephalobus spp. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rDNA) of nematodes was performed from formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded sections of brain. Posterior nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplified fragment identified the agent as H. gingivalis. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of Halicephalobiasis in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Avila
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Y López-García
- Departamento de Medicina, Cirugía y Zootecnia de Equinos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - R Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General Manuel Gea González, México
| | - C G Salas-Garrido
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - J Ramírez-Lezama
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - R Calderón-Villa
- Departamento de Medicina, Cirugía y Zootecnia de Equinos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - L C Martínez-Chavarría
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.
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