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Udonsom R, Reamtong O, Adisakwattana P, Popruk S, Jirapattharasate C, Nishikawa Y, Inpankaew T, Toompong J, Kotepui M, Mahittikorn A. Immunoproteomics to identify species-specific antigens in Neospora caninum recognised by infected bovine sera. Parasite 2022; 29:60. [PMID: 36562441 PMCID: PMC9879140 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine neosporosis is a disease of concern due to its global distribution and significant economic impact through massive losses in the dairy and meat industries. To date, there is no effective chemotherapeutic drug or vaccine to prevent neosporosis. Control of this disease is therefore dependent on efficient detection tests that may affect treatment management strategies. This study was conducted to identify the specific immunoreactive proteins of Neospora caninum tachyzoites recognised by sera from cattle infected with N. caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium parvum, Babesia bovis and B. bigemina, and by sera from uninfected cattle using two-DE dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) combined with immunoblot and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Among 70 protein spots that reacted with all infected sera, 20 specific antigenic spots corresponding to 14 different antigenic proteins were recognised by N. caninum-positive sera. Of these immunoreactive antigens, proteins involved in cell proliferation and invasion process were highly immunogenic, including HSP90-like protein, putative microneme 4 (MIC4), actin, elongation factor 1-alpha and armadillo/beta-catenin-like repeat-containing protein. Interestingly, we discovered an unnamed protein product, rhoptry protein (ROP1), possessing strong immunoreactivity against N. caninum but with no data on function available. Moreover, we identified cross-reactive antigens among these apicomplexan parasites, especially N. caninum, T. gondii and C. parvum. Neospora caninum-specific immunodominant proteins were identified for immunodiagnosis and vaccine development. The cross-reactive antigens could be evaluated as potential common vaccine candidates or drug targets to control the diseases caused by these apicomplexan protozoan parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruenruetai Udonsom
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Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
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Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Poom Adisakwattana
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Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Supaluk Popruk
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Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Charoonluk Jirapattharasate
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Department of Pre-clinic and Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University Salaya Nakhon Pathom 73170 Thailand
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
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National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Obihiro Hokkaido 080-8555 Japan
| | - Tawin Inpankaew
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Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Jitbanjong Toompong
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Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology Bangkok 10530 Thailand
| | - Manas Kotepui
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Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University Tha Sala Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160 Thailand
| | - Aongart Mahittikorn
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Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University Bangkok 10400 Thailand
,Corresponding author:
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Zulfiqar B, Jones AJ, Sykes ML, Shelper TB, Davis RA, Avery VM. Screening a Natural Product-Based Library against Kinetoplastid Parasites. Molecules 2017; 22:E1715. [PMID: 29023425 PMCID: PMC6151456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinetoplastid parasites cause vector-borne parasitic diseases including leishmaniasis, human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and Chagas disease. These Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) impact on some of the world's lowest socioeconomic communities. Current treatments for these diseases cause severe toxicity and have limited efficacy, highlighting the need to identify new treatments. In this study, the Davis open access natural product-based library was screened against kinetoplastids (Leishmania donovani DD8, Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi) using phenotypic assays. The aim of this study was to identify hit compounds, with a focus on improved efficacy, selectivity and potential to target several kinetoplastid parasites. The IC50 values of the natural products were obtained for L. donovani DD8, T. b. brucei and T. cruzi in addition to cytotoxicity against the mammalian cell lines, HEK-293, 3T3 and THP-1 cell lines were determined to ascertain parasite selectivity. Thirty-one compounds were identified with IC50 values of ≤ 10 µM against the kinetoplastid parasites tested. Lissoclinotoxin E (1) was the only compound identified with activity across all three investigated parasites, exhibiting IC50 values < 5 µM. In this study, natural products with the potential to be new chemical starting points for drug discovery efforts for kinetoplastid diseases were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Zulfiqar
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Amy J Jones
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Melissa L Sykes
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Todd B Shelper
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Natural Product Chemistry, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Vicky M Avery
- Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.
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3
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Sarwono AEY, Suganuma K, Mitsuhashi S, Okada T, Musinguzi SP, Shigetomi K, Inoue N, Ubukata M. Identification and characterization of guanosine 5'-monophosphate reductase of Trypanosoma congolense as a drug target. Parasitol Int 2017; 66:537-544. [PMID: 28366788 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma congolense is one of the most prevalent pathogens which causes trypanosomosis in African animals, resulting in a significant economic loss. In its life cycle, T. congolense is incapable of synthesizing purine nucleotides via a de novo pathway, and thus relies on a salvage pathway to survive. In this study, we identified a gene from T. congolense, TcIL3000_5_1940, as a guanosine 5'-monophosphate reductase (GMPR), an enzyme that modulates the concentration of intracellular guanosine in the pathogen. The recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the gene product was enzymatically confirmed as a unique GMPR, designated as rTcGMPR. This enzyme was constitutively expressed in glycosomes at all of the parasite's developmental stages similar to other purine nucleotide metabolic enzymes. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) was found to inhibit rTcGMPR activity. Hence, it is a potential lead compound for the design of trypanocidal agents, specifically GMPR inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertus Eka Yudistira Sarwono
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suganuma
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shinya Mitsuhashi
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okada
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Division of Neurology, Respirology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Simon Peter Musinguzi
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kengo Shigetomi
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Noboru Inoue
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Makoto Ubukata
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
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Mycophenolic Acid and Its Derivatives as Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents Targeting Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase in Trypanosoma congolense. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:4391-3. [PMID: 27139487 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02816-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the trypanocidal activity of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and its derivatives for Trypanosoma congolense The proliferation of T. congolense was completely inhibited by adding <1 μM MPA and its derivatives. In addition, the IMP dehydrogenase in T. congolense was molecularly characterized as the target of these compounds. The results suggest that MPA and its derivatives have the potential to be new candidates as novel trypanocidal drugs.
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Munkhjargal T, Ishizaki T, Guswanto A, Takemae H, Yokoyama N, Igarashi I. Molecular and biochemical characterization of methionine aminopeptidase of Babesia bovis as a potent drug target. Vet Parasitol 2016; 221:14-23. [PMID: 27084466 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aminopeptidases are increasingly being investigated as therapeutic targets in various diseases. In this study, we cloned, expressed, and biochemically characterized a member of the methionine aminopeptidase (MAP) family from Babesia bovis (B. bovis) to develop a potential molecular drug target. Recombinant B. bovis MAP (rBvMAP) was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fusion protein, and we found that it was antigenic. An antiserum against the rBvMAP protein was generated in mice, and then a native B. bovis MAP was identified in B. bovis by Western blot assay. Further, an immunolocalization assay showed that MAP is present in the cytoplasm of the B. bovis merozoite. Analysis of the biochemical properties of rBvMAP revealed that it was enzymatically active, with optimum activity at pH 7.5. Enhanced enzymatic activity was observed in the presence of divalent manganese cations and was effectively inhibited by a metal chelator, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Moreover, the enzymatic activity of BvMAP was inhibited by amastatin and bestatin as inhibitors of MAP (MAPi) in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, MAPi was also found to significantly inhibit the growth of Babesia parasites both in vitro and in vivo; additionally, they induced high levels of cytokines and immunoglobulin (IgG) titers in the host. Therefore, our results suggest that BvMAP is a molecular target of amastatin and bestatin, and those inhibitors may be drug candidates for the treatment of babesiosis, though more studies are required to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tserendorj Munkhjargal
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Zaisan 17042, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Takahiro Ishizaki
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Azirwan Guswanto
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takemae
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Naoaki Yokoyama
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Ikuo Igarashi
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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Goo YK, Xuan X. New Molecules in Babesia gibsoni and their application for diagnosis, vaccine development, and drug discovery. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2014; 52:345-53. [PMID: 25246713 PMCID: PMC4170030 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2014.52.4.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Babesia gibsoni is an intraerythrocytic apicomplexan parasite that causes piroplasmosis in dogs. B. gibsoni infection is characterized clinically by fever, regenerative anemia, splenomegaly, and sometimes death. Since no vaccine is available, rapid and accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment of infected animals are required to control this disease. Over the past decade, several candidate molecules have been identified using biomolecular techniques in the authors' laboratory for the development of a serodiagnostic method, vaccine, and drug for B. gibsoni. This review article describes newly identified candidate molecules and their applications for diagnosis, vaccine production, and drug development of B. gibsoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Kyoung Goo
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan. ; Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Cao S, Aboge GO, Terkawi MA, Zhou M, Kamyingkird K, Moumouni PFA, Masatani T, Igarashi I, Nishikawa Y, Suzuki H, Xuan X. Mycophenolic acid, mycophenolate mofetil, mizoribine, ribavirin, and 7-nitroindole inhibit propagation of Babesia parasites by targeting inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase. J Parasitol 2014; 100:522-6. [PMID: 24580148 DOI: 10.1645/13-278.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance of Babesia parasites to current anti-babesiosis drugs is an issue of major concern. The inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) of Babesia gibsoni has been identified and characterized as a molecular drug target in our previous studies. In the present study, inhibitory effects of IMPDH inhibitors (mycophenolate mofetil, mizoribine, ribavirin, 7-nitroindole, and mycophenolic acid) were evaluated in vitro or in vivo. In the inhibition assay of recombinant B. gibsoni IMPDH activity, mycophenolate mofetil was the most potent inhibitor (IC(50) = 2.58 ± 1.32 μM) while ribavirin was the least potent. The inhibitory effects of mycophenolate mofetil, mizoribine, ribavirin, and 7-nitroindole on the in vitro growths of B. gibsoni and Babesia bovis were also assessed. The results revealed that mycophenolate mofetil was the most potent inhibitor of the multiplications of both B. gibsoni (IC(50) = 0.13 ± 0.05 μM) and B. bovis (IC(50) = 0.97 ± 0.49 μM). Ribavirin was also the least potent for both B. gibsoni and B. bovis in vitro. Mycophenolic acid, a metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil, caused an inhibition of Babesia microti in mice with noticeable improvement in hematological parameters of the infected mice (ED(50) = 44.15 ± 12.53 mg/kg). Although the report provides a non-exhaustive view of potential treatment strategy without addressing the potential adverse effect of immune suppression on infections, these results indicated that the IMPDH might be a molecular target of MPA for B. microti . Altogether, we provide a basis for development of antibabesia prodrugs by targeting IMPDH of the parasites in the treatment of babesiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinuo Cao
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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Characterization and proteome analysis of inosine 5-monophosphate dehydrogenase in epidemic Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Curr Microbiol 2014; 68:663-9. [PMID: 24458764 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0527-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes severe disease symptoms in pigs and humans. In the present study, we found one isogenic mutant lacking inosine 5-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) ΔZY05719 was attenuated in pigs compared with the wild-type SS2 strain ZY05719. Comparative proteome analysis of the secreted proteins expression profiles between ZY05719 and ΔZY05719 allowed us to identify Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), which were down expressed in the absence of the IMPDH. Both of them are glycolytic enzymes participating in the glycolytic pathway. Compared with ZY05719, ΔZY05719 lost the ability of utilize mannose, which might relate to down expression of TPI and GAPDH. In addition, GAPDH is a well-known factor that involved in adhesion to host cells, and we demonstrated ability of adhesion to HEp-2 and PK15 by ΔZY05719 was significantly weakened, in contrast to ZY05719. The adhesion to host cells is the crucial step to cause infection for pathogen, and the reduction adhesion of ΔZY05719, to some extent illustrates the attenuated virulence of ΔZY05719.
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Kamyingkird K, Cao S, Masatani T, Moumouni PFA, Vudriko P, Mousa AAEM, Terkawi MA, Nishikawa Y, Igarashi I, Xuan X. Babesia bovis dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (BboDHODH) is a novel molecular target of drug for bovine babesiosis. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 76:323-30. [PMID: 24189582 PMCID: PMC4013357 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug resistance and adverse side effects of current bovine
babesiosis treatment suggest that the search of new drug targets and development of safer
and effective compounds are required. This study focuses on dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
(DHODH), the fourth enzyme of pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway as a potential drug target
for bovine babesiosis. Recombinant Babesia bovis DHODH protein
(rBboDHODH) was produced in Escherichia coli and used for
characterization and measurement of enzymatic activity. Furthermore, the effects of DHODH
inhibitors were evaluated in vitro. The recombinant B.
bovis DHODH histidine fusion protein (rBboDHODH) had 42.4-kDa molecular weight
and exhibited a specific activity of 475.7 ± 245 Unit/mg, a Km =
276.2 µM for L-dihydroorotate and a
Km= 94.41 µM for
decylubiquinone. A 44-kDa band of native BboDHODH was detected by Western blot analysis
and found in parasites mitochondria using a confocal microscope. Among DHODH inhibitors,
atovaquone (ATV) and leflunomide (LFN) significantly inhibited the activity of rBboDHODH
as well as the growth of B. bovis in vitro. The half maximal inhibitory
concentration (IC50) of ATV and LFN was 2.38 ± 0.53 nM and
52.41 ± 11.47 µM, respectively. These results suggest that BboDHODH might
be a novel target for development of new drug for treatment of B. bovis
infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketsarin Kamyingkird
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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