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Do Carmo GM, Berto BP, Pereira FB, De Souza Lima S, De Araújo-Júnior HI, Pinheiro RM. Protozoan parasites of birds from the Tremembé formation (Oligocene of the Taubaté Basin), São Paulo, Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2024; 45:46-54. [PMID: 38657471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the presence of protozoan parasites in bird coprolites from the Tremembé Formation (Oligocene of the Taubaté Basin). MATERIALS Twenty avian coprolites embedded in pyrobituminous shale matrices. METHODS Samples were rehydrated and subjected to spontaneous sedimentation. RESULTS Paleoparasitological analyses revealed oocysts compatible with the Eimeriidae family (Apicomplexa) and one single Archamoebae (Amoebozoa) cyst. CONCLUSIONS The present work increases the amount of information about the spread of infections throughout the Cenozoic Era and reveals that the Brazilian paleoavifauna played an important role in the Apicomplexa and Amoebozoa life cycles. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first record of protozoans in avian coprolites from the Oligocene of Brazil. These findings can help in the interpretation of phylogenies of coccidian parasites of modern birds, as certain taxonomic characters observed in the Oligocene Protozoa characterize monophyletic groups in current molecular phylogenetic analyses. LIMITATIONS None of the oocysts were sporulated; therefore, it is not possible to identify the morphotypes to genus or species. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Our results create new perspectives related to biogeographic studies of the parasitic groups described and may improve the understanding of the temporal amplitude of parasitic evolutionary relationships between Protozoans and birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Macêdo Do Carmo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Antônio Carlos Ave., Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Pereira Berto
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Luiz Henrique Rezende Novaes Hwy, Seropédica 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe Bisaggio Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Antônio Carlos Ave., Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Sueli De Souza Lima
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas., José Lourenço Kelmer Str, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ralph Maturano Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Antônio Carlos Ave., Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas., José Lourenço Kelmer Str, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
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Roche K, Dalle F, Capelli N, Borne R, Jouffroy-Bapicot I, Valot B, Grenouillet F, Le Bailly M. From modern-day parasitology to paleoparasitology: the elusive past record and evolution of Cryptosporidium. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1249884. [PMID: 37928683 PMCID: PMC10622768 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1249884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent efforts have been made to review the state of the art on a variety of questions and targets in paleoparasitology, including protozoan taxa. Meanwhile, these efforts seemed to let aside Cryptosporidium, and we then intended to review its paleoparasitological record to assess its past distribution and favored detection methods, and eventually highlight needed research trajectories. This review shows that contrary to other parasites, most of the positive results came from South-American sites and coprolites rather than sediment samples, highlighting the need to test this kind of material, notably in Europe where many negative results were reported in the published literature from sediment samples. Moreover, aDNA-based detections are nearly absent from the paleoparasitological record of this parasite, though punctually shown successful. With their potential to address the evolutionary history of Cryptosporidium species, notably through their 18S rRNA tree, aDNA-based approaches should be encouraged in the future. In sum, and though the limits of currently used methods and materials remain unclear, this review highlights the potential role of coprolites and aDNA for the study of Cryptosporidium species in the past and how this history shaped their current diversity and distribution, notably among human populations but also farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Roche
- UMR CNRS-UFC 6249 Chrono-environnement, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Frédéric Dalle
- CNR LE Cryptosporidiosis Collaborating Laboratory, Santé Publique France, Dijon, France
- Department of Parasitology/Mycology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Nicolas Capelli
- UMR CNRS-UFC 6249 Chrono-environnement, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Romain Borne
- UMR CNRS-UFC 6249 Chrono-environnement, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | - Benoit Valot
- UMR CNRS-UFC 6249 Chrono-environnement, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Frédéric Grenouillet
- UMR CNRS-UFC 6249 Chrono-environnement, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Matthieu Le Bailly
- UMR CNRS-UFC 6249 Chrono-environnement, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Yang L, Zhang X, Zhao X, Xiang H. The Technological Advance and Application of Coprolite Analysis. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.797370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coprolites (mummified or fossilized feces), belonging to the group of ichnofossils, are fossilized remains of feces produced by animals. Various types of data from coprolites provide detailed evidence of the producer’s condition, like diet, intestinal microbiome, virus infection and parasites diseases. In addition, the palaeoenvironment information relevant to producers’ ecological niche can be drawn from taphonomy details the coprolites mirrored. At present, the phylogenetic clues of the producer’s population can be determined by advanced molecular biotechnologies. With the integration of multiple methods and techniques, coprolite has been widely accepted as an ideal material to study the diet, evolution, and palaeoenvironment of producers. In this paper, we reviewed the history of coprolite research, enumerated and interpreted the data recovered from coprolites, and explained their research value to palaeocoprology and evolutionary biology. Finally, we summarized the current directions of coprolite research and looked into its future prospects.
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Seguí J, Hervías-Parejo S, Traveset A. Selective forces on the maintenance of outcrossing in an almost exclusively cleistogamous violet species. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:2452-2463. [PMID: 34622956 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Cleistogamous species constitute interesting study systems to resolve the longstanding question of how outcrossing is maintained given that seed production is ensured through selfing. In this work, we investigate the selective forces that allow the persistence of producing self-pollinated cleistogamous (CL) and chasmogamous (CH) flowers in Viola jaubertiana Marès & Vigin. METHODS We monitored three populations at different elevation for two years, and studied the flowering phenology and the relative contribution of each flower morph to parental fitness. We tested whether allocation to CH and CL flowers differed across populations and if it covaried with herbivory and water stress conditions. We also performed hand-pollination and bagging experiments in CH flowers to estimate inbreeding depression and heterosis. RESULTS The CH flowers open in winter under unfavorable conditions for pollination, show high pollen limitation and no-delayed selfing, and thus produce a low amount of seeds. Conversely, CL flowers appear in early spring, are physiologically cheaper to produce (i.e., dry weight is 3.4 times lower than that of CH flowers), and yield approximately 100 times more seeds than CH flowers. The CH flowers were favored under water stress and low herbivory. Crosses between populations showed up to 25% greater fitness than those within populations. CONCLUSIONS Despite the great pollen limitation in CH flowers, we suggest that the interaction among different environmental determinants and heterosis are probably sufficient forces to maintain chasmogamy in this long-lived species, reducing deleterious fixed mutations in the selfed lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Seguí
- Department of Global Change, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marquès 21, 07190-Esporles, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Sandra Hervías-Parejo
- Department of Global Change, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marquès 21, 07190-Esporles, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Anna Traveset
- Department of Global Change, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marquès 21, 07190-Esporles, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
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Cascardo P, Pucu E, Leles D. REVIEW OF PARASITES FOUND IN EXTINCT ANIMALS: WHAT CAN BE REVEALED. J Parasitol 2021; 107:275-283. [PMID: 33844838 DOI: 10.1645/20-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitism is inherent to life and observed in all species. Extinct animals have been studied to understand what they looked like, where and how they lived, what they fed on, and the reasons they became extinct. Paleoparasitology helps to clarify these questions based on the study of the parasites and microorganisms that infected those animals, using as a source material coprolites, fossils in rock, tissue, bone, mummy, and amber, analyses of ancient DNA, immunodiagnosis, and microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cascardo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitos, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 21041-210, Brazil
| | - Elisa Pucu
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitos, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 21041-210, Brazil
| | - Daniela Leles
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitos, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 21041-210, Brazil
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Cardia DFF, Bertini RJ, Camossi LG, Richini-Pereira VB, Losnak DO, Francischini H, Dentzien-Dias P. Paleoparasitological analysis of a coprolite assigned to a carnivoran mammal from the Upper Pleistocene Touro Passo Formation, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20190876. [PMID: 34105692 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120190876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A paleoparasitological analysis was carried out on a large coprolite assigned to a carnivoran mammal, recovered from the Municipality of Uruguaiana, in the western region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, where the Upper Pleistocene Touro Passo Formation crops out. For this, an individual sample was extracted from the specimen using an electric drill, dissociated with 10% hydrochloric acid solution, washed with distilled water, and sifted through a 500 mesh Tyler sieve. After laboratory processing, the sediment retained on the sieve was mixed with glycerin and examined by optical microscopy, which revealed the presence of 14 protozoan oocysts and three nematode eggs. The morphological characteristics of the oocysts (i.e., spherical shape, thick-walled, internal zygote apparently at the beginning of sporulation, as well as their size) and of the eggs (i.e., ovoidal shape, rounded ends, smooth surface, thin-shelled, embryo in their interior, along with their morphometry) suggest that these specimens belong respectively to the orders Eucoccidiorida and Strongylida (Family Ancylostomatidae) represented by several parasitic species of the alimentary tract of modern carnivore. This is the first record of paleoparasites discovered in a vertebrate host from the Touro Passo Formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F F Cardia
- UNESP, Núcleo de Evolução e Paleobiologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Geologia Aplicada, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Campus Rio Claro, Av. 24 A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo J Bertini
- UNESP, Núcleo de Evolução e Paleobiologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Geologia Aplicada, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Campus Rio Claro, Av. 24 A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucilene G Camossi
- UNESP, Núcleo de Evolução e Paleobiologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Geologia Aplicada, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, Campus Rio Claro, Av. 24 A, 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Virgínia B Richini-Pereira
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Núcleo de Ciências Biomédicas, CLR II, R. Rubens Arruda, Q6, 17015-110 Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Debora O Losnak
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Núcleo de Ciências Biomédicas, CLR II, R. Rubens Arruda, Q6, 17015-110 Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Heitor Francischini
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências, Instituto de Geociências, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Dentzien-Dias
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Laboratório de Geologia e Paleontologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, Av. Itália, Km 8, 96201-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Leles D, Frías L, Araújo A, Brener B, Sudré A, Chame M, Laurentino V. Are immunoenzymatic tests for intestinal protozoans reliable when used on archaeological material? Exp Parasitol 2019; 205:107739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Leles D, Cascardo P, Pucu E, Brener B, Sudré A, Alves E, Uchoa F, Fajardo P, Millar P, Mattos D, Chame M, Cartelle C. Methodological innovations for the study of irreplaceable samples reveal giardiasis in extinct animals (Nothrotherium maquinense and Palaeolama maior). Parasitol Int 2018; 67:776-780. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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