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Zorilla R, Ching LL, Elisara T, Kramer K, Nerurkar VR. Re-Emerging, Under-Recognized Zoonotic, and Neglected Tropical Diseases in Hawai'i. Jpn J Infect Dis 2024; 77:187-200. [PMID: 38825457 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Hawai'i, the United States' most western geographic state in the Pacific, lies between the North and South American continents and the Indo-Pacific regions, including Japan. The tropical environmental conditions of the Hawaiian Islands provide favorable ecosystems for various infectious pathogens, their vectors, and reservoirs. This creates an environment conducive to the transmission of zoonotic diseases affecting both humans and animals. Hawai'i has experienced an increase in dengue, leptospirosis, and murine typhus outbreaks. Furthermore, toxoplasmosis and neuroangiostrongyliasis cases remain prevalent throughout the state, and the putative presence of autochthonous Zika cases identified in a retrospective study may be of national public health concern. Understanding the factors that affect the transmission and distribution of zoonoses is necessary to identify at-risk locations and populations. The One Health approach seeks to understand, report, and interpret these factors and requires collaboration between private and governmental institutions. One Health should focus on neglected tropical diseases (NTD) and prioritize development of interventions to control and prevent the transmission of diseases that spread between animals and humans. This review focuses on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of under-recognized zoonotic and NTD affecting Hawai'i, including leptospirosis, murine typhus, neuroangiostrongyliasis, toxoplasmosis, dengue, and Zika.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodson Zorilla
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, USA
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, USA
- Minority Health Research Training Program, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, USA
| | - Lauren Lei Ching
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, USA
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, USA
| | - Tiana Elisara
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, USA
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, USA
- Minority Health Research Training Program, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, USA
| | - Kenton Kramer
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, USA
| | - Vivek Ramchandra Nerurkar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, USA
- Pacific Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, USA
- Minority Health Research Training Program, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, USA
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Qiu G, Zhu L, Chen S, Li N, Ye C, Zhuo S, Shen Y. High-throughput metagenomics analysis in early and precise diagnosis of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis complicated with respiratory failure: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33683. [PMID: 37171295 PMCID: PMC10174349 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Human infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis is uncommon and has only been sporadically reported in the literature. Patients infected with A cantonensis usually have a delayed diagnosis and sometimes a poor prognosis. PATIENT CONCERNS A 70-year-old woman presented to the respiratory department with complaints of headache, chest pain, myalgia, fatigue, and anorexia for 7 days. DIAGNOSES Complete blood count showed eosinophilia. The serum was tested showing a positive finding of A cantonensis antibody. Cerebrospinal fluid was tested using high-throughput metagenomics analysis and 16 reads for A cantonensis were mapped. The patient was diagnosed with A cantonensis infection. INTERVENTIONS The patient received a 7-day course of albendazole and 4-day course of prednisone. OUTCOMES When discharged from the hospital, the patient still suffered from fatigue and poor memory. Aminotransferase levels were high due to albendazole's liver toxicity. In a post-discharge follow-up about 1 month later she had recovered completely both physically and mentally, and peripheral eosinophil count and aminotransferase levels were both normal. LESSONS Because the direct identification of parasites is difficult, high-throughput metagenomics analysis may provide a reliable alternative tool for the diagnoses of infection with A cantonensis. When albendazole is prescribed, caution must be taken with respect to its liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Qiu
- Respiratory Department, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liqun Zhu
- Otolaryngological Department, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sida Chen
- Respiratory Department, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Na Li
- Respiratory Department, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunxing Ye
- Respiratory Department, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Songming Zhuo
- Respiratory Department, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Respiratory Department, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Carvalho MSN, Carvalho MR, Santos JAO, Barbosa ND, Melo LC, Costa FHM, Carvalho JPF, Messias HBG, Fonseca SA, Souza MA, Ferreira-Júnior GC, Lima RF, Costa JG, Cavalcanti MGS, Matos-Rocha TJ. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory aspects of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection: an integrative review. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e262109. [PMID: 36169525 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.262109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This integrative literature review study analyzes the findings of the last 5 years of the parasite Angiostrongylus cantonensis. It is known that this nematode is found in the pulmonary arteries of rats, where it remains as a definitive host. From mice, the cycle spreads to animals, such as snails, which in contact with humans can trigger the disease. In humans, the parasite causes several neurological, abdominal manifestations and mainly meningitis. Based on the review of studies, its epidemiology shows worldwide distribution, although there are endemic cases for this parasite, such as asian countries. Laboratory findings generally showed altered CSF with turbidity, increased protein and eosinophilia, which generated meningeal signs in the patient, moreover MRI exams showed multiple alterations. Rare findings of the nematode in the eyeball, lung and signs of peritoneal inflammation were reported, which requires further studies to understand the whole pathophysiology. Finally, conservative treatment based on anthelmintics and anti-inflammatories brought good responses, although there are reports of deaths, which demonstrates the importance in the prevention and therapy of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S N Carvalho
- Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - M R Carvalho
- Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - J A O Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - N D Barbosa
- Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - L C Melo
- Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - F H M Costa
- Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - J P F Carvalho
- Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | | | - S A Fonseca
- Centro Universitário Cesmac, Alagoas, AL, Brasil
| | - M A Souza
- Centro Universitário Cesmac, Alagoas, AL, Brasil
| | - G C Ferreira-Júnior
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Acre, Xapuri, AC, Brasil
| | - R F Lima
- Secretaria de Saúde do Distrito Federal, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - J G Costa
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Tabuleiros Costeiros, Rio Largo, AL, Brasil
| | | | - T J Matos-Rocha
- Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil.,Centro Universitário Cesmac, Alagoas, AL, Brasil
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