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Zhai RX, Yu H, Ma H, Liu TT, Zhong P. Progression of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease correlates with uric acid concentration. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1378334. [PMID: 38872819 PMCID: PMC11169608 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1378334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study assessed the relationship between the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) with cognitive impairment and changes in serum uric acid (UA) and homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations and explored the factors influencing PD with cognitive impairment. Methods The study randomly selected 74 patients with PD and evaluated their cognitive function using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). Patients with PD were divided into two subgroups: those with and without cognitive impairment. PD severity was evaluated and graded using the Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) scale. Another 60 middle-aged and older individuals without PD during the same period were selected as a control group. Blood UA and Hcy concentrations in each group were measured to assess the relationship between PD, cognitive impairment, and changes in UA and Hcy concentrations. Results The PD group with cognitive impairment had a lower UA concentration and higher Hcy concentration. The UA concentration was significantly higher in the early PD stages than in the middle and late stages (P<0.05). A significant negative relationship between MoCA scores and serum UA levels was found in patients with PD, whereas a positive relationship existed between MoCA scores and serum Hcy concentrations. Regression analysis showed that a higher UA concentration was an independent protective factor for PD with cognitive impairment, while a higher Hcy concentration was a risk factor (P<0.05). A serum UA concentration of 212.9 mmol/L and Hcy concentration of 13.35 mmol/L could distinguish between patients with PD with or without cognitive impairment with a sensitivity of 93.2% and specificity of 43.3%. Conclusion PD and cognitive impairment were associated with a decrease in UA concentration; the later the H-Y stage was, the lower the UA concentration was. The increase in Hcy concentration was related to PD and its cognitive impairment, whereas it is not significantly correlated with PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xue Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Ping Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
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Li Q, Cen K, Cui Y, Feng X, Hou X. Uric acid levels and their association with vascular dementia and Parkinson's disease dementia: a meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:2017-2024. [PMID: 36690824 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the association between uric acid (UA) levels and vascular dementia (VaD) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), a meta-analysis was conducted. METHODS The relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Collaboration Database up to May 2022. Pooled analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias examination were all conducted. All analyses were performed by using STATA 16. RESULTS Twelve studies with a total of 2097 subjects were included. The pooled analysis showed that UA levels were not associated with VaD (WMD = - 10.99 μmol/L, 95% CI (- 48.05, 26.07), P = 0.561) but were associated with PDD (WMD = - 25.22 μmol/L, 95% CI (- 43.47, - 6.97), P = 0.007). The statistical stability and reliability were evaluated using sensitivity analysis and publication bias outcomes. CONCLUSION UA levels are associated with PDD but not with VaD. This study will help to strengthen our knowledge of the pathophysiologies of VaD and PDD, and promote the development of prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, 146 Huanghe North Street, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Kaiwen Cen
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, 146 Huanghe North Street, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Ying Cui
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, 146 Huanghe North Street, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Xu Feng
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, 146 Huanghe North Street, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Xiaowen Hou
- School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, 146 Huanghe North Street, Shenyang, 110034, China.
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3
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Aerqin Q, Jia SS, Shen XN, Li Q, Chen KL, Ou YN, Huang YY, Dong Q, Chen SF, Yu JT. Serum Uric Acid Levels in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:761-773. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Excessive oxidative stress may contribute to neurodegeneration by leading to protein aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Uric acid (UA) is an important endogenous antioxidant that protects against oxidative stress, yet its exact role in neurodegeneration remains unclear. Objective: To explore the performance of serum UA in neurodegenerative disorders. Methods: A total of 839 controls and 840 patients, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), motor neuron disease (MND), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), and mixed dementia (MixD) were enrolled. Fasting serum UA levels were measured in all participants and compared between patients and controls. Linear regression models were utilized to explore possible relationships of serum UA with cognition, disease duration, age, and age of onset. Results: Compared to controls (355.48 ± 85.38 μmol/L), serum UA was significantly lower in AD (291.29 ± 83.49 μmol/L, p < 0.001), PD (286.95 ± 81.78 μmol/L, p < 0.001), PSP (313.32 ± 88.19 μmol/L, p < 0.001), FTD (313.89 ± 71.18 μmol/L, p = 0.001), and DLB (279.23 ± 65.51 μmol/L, p < 0.001), adjusting for confounding factors including age, gender, education, etc. In addition, serum UA was positively correlated with cognitive levels in all patients (Mini-Mental State Examination: r = 0.136, p = 0.001; and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale: r = 0.108, p = 0.009). Conclusion: Decreased levels of serum UA were correlated with AD, PD, PSP, FTD, and DLB, offering significant potential as a promisingly relevant, less-invasive marker of multiple neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolifan Aerqin
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha-Sha Jia
- Department of Neurology, Changzhou Second People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ning Shen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital Hongqiao Branch, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Liang Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Yuang Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Fen Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mijailovic NR, Vesic K, Borovcanin MM. The Influence of Serum Uric Acid on the Brain and Cognitive Dysfunction. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:828476. [PMID: 35530021 PMCID: PMC9072620 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.828476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uric acid is commonly known for its bad reputation. However, it has been shown that uric acid may be actively involved in neurotoxicity and/or neuroprotection. These effects could be caused by oxidative stress or inflammatory processes localized in the central nervous system, but also by other somatic diseases or systemic conditions. Our interest was to summarize and link the current data on the possible role of uric acid in cognitive functioning. We also focused on the two putative molecular mechanisms related to the pathological effects of uric acid-oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. The hippocampus is a prominent anatomic localization included in expressing uric acid's potential impact on cognitive functioning. In neurodegenerative and mental disorders, uric acid could be involved in a variety of ways in etiopathogenesis and clinical presentation. Hyperuricemia is non-specifically observed more frequently in the general population and after various somatic illnesses. There is increasing evidence to support the hypothesis that hyperuricemia may be beneficial for cognitive functioning because of its antioxidant effects but may also be a potential risk factor for cognitive dysfunction, in part because of increased inflammatory activity. In this context, gender specificities must also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa R Mijailovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Katarina Vesic
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milica M Borovcanin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Zhou Z, Zhong S, Liang Y, Zhang X, Zhang R, Kang K, Qu H, Xu Y, Zhao C, Zhao M. Serum Uric Acid and the Risk of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:625690. [PMID: 33716713 PMCID: PMC7947796 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.625690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum uric acid (UA) and the risk of dementia and its subtypes. Methods: Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched from inception to July 2020. Random-effect models were employed to analyze the standard mean difference (SMD) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Twenty-three eligible studies involving 5,575 participants were identified. The overall results showed lower levels of UA in dementia relative to non-dementia controls [SMD = −0.32 (−0.64; −0.01) p = 0.04]. The subgroup analysis of the type of dementia demonstrated a significant association of UA with Alzheimer's disease (AD) [SMD = −0.58 (−1.02; −0.15) p = 0.009] and Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) [SMD = −0.33 (−0.52; −0.14) p = 0.001] but not with vascular dementia (VaD). The stratification analysis of the concentrations of UA revealed that the UA quartile 1–2 was negatively correlated with dementia and neurodegenerative subtypes (p < 0.05), whereas a positive correlation of UA quartile 4 with dementia was noted (p = 0.028). Additionally, the meta-regression analysis on confounders showed that not age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or smoking but education (p = 0.003) exerted an influence of the UA in the risk estimate of dementia. Conclusions: Low concentrations of UA (< 292 μmol/L or 4.91 mg/dL) is a potential risk factor for AD and PDD but not for VaD. The mechanism of different concentrations of the UA in dementia needs to be confirmed through further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhike Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shanshan Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yifan Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rongwei Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kexin Kang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huiling Qu
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Cancer Systems Biology Center, The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chuansheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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van Wamelen DJ, Taddei RN, Calvano A, Titova N, Leta V, Shtuchniy I, Jenner P, Martinez-Martin P, Katunina E, Chaudhuri KR. Serum Uric Acid Levels and Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 10:1003-1010. [DOI: 10.3233/jpd-201988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. van Wamelen
- King’s College London, Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom
- Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Raquel N. Taddei
- King’s College London, Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom
- Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Calvano
- King’s College London, Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom
- Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nataliya Titova
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal center of brain and neurotechnologies» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina Leta
- King’s College London, Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom
- Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Shtuchniy
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Jenner
- King’s College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Hodgkin Building, Guy’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Martinez-Martin
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Katunina
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal center of brain and neurotechnologies» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - K. Ray Chaudhuri
- King’s College London, Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom
- Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
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The contribution of cerebrovascular risk factors, metabolic and inflammatory changes to cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease: preliminary observations. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:1303-1312. [PMID: 31332506 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether systemic medical factors, such as vascular risk factors, metabolic and inflammatory markers contribute to cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease (PD); if confirmed to determine whether a clinically applicable risk factor model can predict the conversion from normal cognition (NC) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). 58 patients who met the UK Brain Bank Criteria for PD underwent clinical and laboratory assessment at study entry; 47 patients were re-assessed after 2 years. Medical history, vascular risk (QRISK2), blood metabolic and inflammatory factors, brain vessel examinations, activity of daily living, and neuropsychological testing were performed. Forty patients had NC and 18 patients had MCI at baseline. Patients with MCI had higher level of interleukin 6, folic acid below normal range and higher L-dopa equivalent dose compared to cognitive normal patients at baseline. Patients with NC at baseline were classified into two groups: patients who remained cognitively normal (non-converters, n = 23) and patients who progressed to MCI (converters, n = 11). MCI converters were older at baseline and had higher QRISK2 than the non-converters. Patients with higher QRISK2, lower uric acid level and lower activity of daily living scale at baseline had a higher risk of converting from NC to MCI with a sensitivity of 72.2%, a specificity of 87%, and an overall accuracy of 82.4%. Systemic medical factors are associated with cognitive impairment in PD both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. A risk factor model predicting the decline from NC to MCI could be constructed.
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Tana C, Ticinesi A, Prati B, Nouvenne A, Meschi T. Uric Acid and Cognitive Function in Older Individuals. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10080975. [PMID: 30060474 PMCID: PMC6115794 DOI: 10.3390/nu10080975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia has been recognized as an independent cardiovascular risk factor in epidemiological studies. However, uric acid can also exert beneficial functions due to its antioxidant properties, which may be particularly relevant in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, we critically revise the evidence on the relationship between serum uric acid levels and cognitive function in older individuals, focusing on the etiology of cognitive impairment (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s dementia, and vascular dementia) and on the interactive connections between uric acid, dementia, and diet. Despite high heterogeneity in the existing studies, due to different characteristics of studied populations and methods of cognitive dysfunction assessment, we conclude that serum uric acid may modulate cognitive function in a different way according to the etiology of dementia. Current studies indeed demonstrate that uric acid may exert neuroprotective actions in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s dementia, with hypouricemia representing a risk factor for a quicker disease progression and a possible marker of malnutrition. Conversely, high serum uric acid may negatively influence the disease course in vascular dementia. Further studies are needed to clarify the physio-pathological role of uric acid in different dementia types, and its clinical-prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Tana
- Internal Medicine and Critical Subacute Care Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Ticinesi
- Internal Medicine and Critical Subacute Care Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Prati
- Internal Medicine and Critical Subacute Care Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Antonio Nouvenne
- Internal Medicine and Critical Subacute Care Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Meschi
- Internal Medicine and Critical Subacute Care Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
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Mirończuk-Chodakowska I, Witkowska AM, Zujko ME. Endogenous non-enzymatic antioxidants in the human body. Adv Med Sci 2018; 63:68-78. [PMID: 28822266 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of cells, tissues and extracellular matrix to harmful reactive species causes a cascade of reactions and induces activation of multiple internal defence mechanisms (enzymatic or non-enzymatic) that provide removal of reactive species and their derivatives. The non-enzymatic antioxidants are represented by molecules characterized by the ability to rapidly inactivate radicals and oxidants. This paper focuses on the major intrinsic non-enzymatic antioxidants, including metal binding proteins (MBPs), glutathione (GSH), uric acid (UA), melatonin (MEL), bilirubin (BIL) and polyamines (PAs).
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Yu Z, Zhang S, Wang D, Fan M, Gao F, Sun W, Li Z, Li S. The significance of uric acid in the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease: An updated systemic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8502. [PMID: 29137045 PMCID: PMC5690738 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by chronic and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in substansia nigra pars compacta. Oxidative stress is proposed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of PD. Uric acid (UA), as an important physiological antioxidant, is identified a molecular predictor associated with a decreased risk and a slower disease progression for PD and potential neuroprotectant of PD by increasing epidemiological and clinical evidences. Within this review, we will present a comprehensive overview of the data linking UA to PD in recent years. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science databases for relevant studies. Any observational or experimental studies that evaluated UA and PD were our goal of searching the electric databases. RESULTS Twelve studies that evaluated UA and PD were identified in this review. We reviewed the roles of UA in the pathogenesis of PD, the association of UA with morbidity, severity/progression, nonmotor symptoms, motor complications of PD, with an attempt to provide new ideas for diagnosis and treatment in PD. CONCLUSION Our findings supported that lots of clinical and epidemiological data observed lower UA levels in PD patients. Manipulation of UA or its precursors' concentration could be effective to treat or prevent PD. However, it is still suspectable that higher UA levels are better enough to PD patients. Furthermore, for the complex nature of PD and its heterogeneous genetic and environmental influences, it is inadequate for just manipulating UA in treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhange Yu
- Department of Acupuncture, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tumd Right Banner Hospital, Baotou City
| | - Meng Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqiang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zirong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Department of Acupuncture, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
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11
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Wen M, Zhou B, Chen YH, Ma ZL, Gou Y, Zhang CL, Yu WF, Jiao L. Serum uric acid levels in patients with Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173731. [PMID: 28319195 PMCID: PMC5358777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lower serum uric acid (UA) levels have been reported as a risk factor in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the results have been inconsistent so far. Objectives The aim of the present study was to clarify the potential relationship of uric acid with PD. Methods Comprehensive electronic search in pubmed, web of science, and the Cochrane Library database to find original articles about the association between PD and serum uric acid levels published before Dec 2015. Literature quality assessment was performed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random-effects model was used to estimate the standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using I2 and H2 statistics. Sensitivity analyses to assess the influence of individual studies on the pooled estimate. Publication bias was investigated using funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. Analyses were performed by using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 11.0. Results Thirteen studies with a total of 4646 participants (2379 PD patients and 2267 controls) were included in this meta-analysis. The current results showed that the serum UA levels in PD patients were significantly lower compared to sex and age-matched healthy controls (SMD: -0.49, 95% CI: [-0.67, -0.30], Z = 5.20, P < 0.001) and these results showed no geographic regional (Asia: SMD = −0.65, 95% CI [−0.84, −0.46], Z = 6.75, p <0.001; Non-Asia: SMD = −0.25, 95% CI [−0.43, −0.07], Z = 2.70, p = 0.007) and sex differences (women: SMD = −0.53, 95% CI [−0.70, −0.35], z = 5.98, p <0.001; men: SMD = −0.66, 95% CI [−0.87, −0.44], z = 6.03, p <0.001). Serum UA levels in middle-late stage PD patients with higher H&Y scales were significantly lower than early stage PD patients with lower H&Y scales (SMD = 0.63, 95% CI [0.36,0.89], z = 4.64, p <0.001). Conclusions Our study showed that the serum UA levels are significantly lower in PD and the level is further decreased as the disease progresses. Thus it might be a potential biomarker to indicate the risk and progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wen
- Department of Anatomy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yun-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhao-Lei Ma
- Department of Neurology, BaiYun Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yun Gou
- Department of Anatomy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chun-Lin Zhang
- Department of Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wen-Feng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (WFY); (LJ)
| | - Ling Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- * E-mail: (WFY); (LJ)
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Sakuta H, Suzuki K, Miyamoto T, Miyamoto M, Numao A, Fujita H, Watanabe Y, Hirata K. Serum uric acid levels in Parkinson's disease and related disorders. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00598. [PMID: 28127516 PMCID: PMC5256181 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum uric acid (UA) levels are reported to be decreased in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). However, clinical correlates of serum UA levels are still unclear in PD-related disorders. We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the associations between serum UA levels and disease duration, disease severity, and motor function among PD, MSA, and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients. METHODS A total of 100 patients with PD, 42 patients with MSA, 30 patients with PSP, and 100 controls were included in this study. Serum UA levels were determined, and associations among serum UA levels and disease duration, disease severity, and motor function in PD, PSP, and MSA patients were evaluated. RESULTS Serum UA levels were significantly lower in male PD, MSA, and PSP patients compared with the controls, but not in female patients. Serum UA levels were negatively correlated with disease duration and severity in MSA and PSP patients, but no correlations were observed in PD patients. The serum UA levels were significantly decreased in the tauopathy group (PSP patients) compared with the synucleinopathy group (PD and MSA patients) after adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index. CONCLUSION We found decreased serum UA levels in male patients with PD-related disorders (PD, MSA, and PSP) compared with male controls, and significant correlations between serum UA levels and disease severity in MSA and PSP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Sakuta
- Department of Neurology Dokkyo Medical University Mibu Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Neurology Dokkyo Medical University Mibu Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyamoto
- Department of Neurology Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital Koshigaya Japan
| | - Masayuki Miyamoto
- Department of Clinical Medicine for Nursing Dokkyo Medical University School of Nursing Mibu Japan
| | - Ayaka Numao
- Department of Neurology Dokkyo Medical University Mibu Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fujita
- Department of Neurology Dokkyo Medical University Mibu Japan
| | - Yuji Watanabe
- Department of Neurology Dokkyo Medical University Mibu Japan
| | - Koichi Hirata
- Department of Neurology Dokkyo Medical University Mibu Japan
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Xue L, Liu Y, Xue H, Xue J, Sun K, Wu L, Hou P. Low uric acid is a risk factor in mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:2363-2367. [PMID: 28979123 PMCID: PMC5601398 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s145812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia. Uric acid is a water-soluble antioxidant found in the body. Many recent studies have found that uric acid plays an important role in cognitive impairment, although the effects of uric acid on MCI are not clear. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between uric acid and MCI. METHODS Using a random sampling method, this study investigated 58 patients with MCI and 57 healthy elderly from January 2016 to November 2016. Demographic information was collected, the subjects were evaluated using the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), and uric acid was measured in fasting venous blood. RESULTS A total of 57 (49.6%) participants are healthy and 58 (50.4%) participants had MCI. The uric acid level was significantly lower in the patients with MCI (292.28±63.71 μmol/L) than in the normal controls (322.49±78.70 μmol/L; P<0.05). There were significant positive correlations between the MMSE scores, for each dimension and the total score, and uric acid level (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression models illustrated that uric acid was a protective factor for MCI (odds ratio =0.999, 95% CI =0.987-0.999). CONCLUSION A low uric acid level is a risk factor for MCI, and an appropriate increase in uric acid can be used to slow down the occurrence and development of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- LingLing Xue
- School of Nursing, YangZhou University, Yangzhou City, China
| | - YongBing Liu
- School of Nursing, YangZhou University, Yangzhou City, China
| | - HuiPing Xue
- School of Nursing, YangZhou University, Yangzhou City, China
| | - Jin Xue
- School of Nursing, YangZhou University, Yangzhou City, China
| | - KaiXuan Sun
- School of Nursing, YangZhou University, Yangzhou City, China
| | - LinFeng Wu
- School of Nursing, YangZhou University, Yangzhou City, China
| | - Ping Hou
- School of Nursing, YangZhou University, Yangzhou City, China
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Pellecchia MT, Savastano R, Moccia M, Picillo M, Siano P, Erro R, Vallelunga A, Amboni M, Vitale C, Santangelo G, Barone P. Lower serum uric acid is associated with mild cognitive impairment in early Parkinson's disease: a 4-year follow-up study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 123:1399-1402. [PMID: 27682634 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1622-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and many patients eventually develop dementia; however, its occurrence is unpredictable. Serum uric acid (UA) has been proposed as a biomarker of PD, both in the preclinical and clinical phase of the disease. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate relationships between baseline serum UA levels and occurrence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at 4-year follow-up in a cohort of early PD patients. Early PD patients, not presenting concomitant diseases, cognitive impairment or treatment possibly interfering with UA levels, underwent neuropsychological testing at baseline and 4-year follow-up. UA levels were determined in serum at baseline. MCI was found in 23 out of 42 PD patients completing 4-year follow-up. Patients presenting MCI had significantly higher age at onset and lower Frontal Assessment Battery scores at baseline as compared with patients cognitively intact. Logistic regression analysis showed that both serum UA levels (OR = 0.54, p = 0.044) and age (OR = 1.16, p = 0.009) contribute to the occurrence of MCI at 4-year follow-up. Our pilot study suggests that lower levels of serum UA in the early disease stages are associated to the later occurrence of MCI. These results need to be confirmed by further studies on larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Pellecchia
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
| | | | - Marcello Moccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Picillo
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pietro Siano
- AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - Roberto Erro
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Annamaria Vallelunga
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Carmine Vitale
- IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples, Italy.,University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Santangelo
- IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples, Italy.,Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Paolo Barone
- Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Khan AA, Quinn TJ, Hewitt J, Fan Y, Dawson J. Serum uric acid level and association with cognitive impairment and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:16. [PMID: 26820749 PMCID: PMC5005871 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9871-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Serum uric acid (sUA) level may be associated with cognitive impairment/dementia. It is possible this relationship varies with dementia subtype, particularly between vascular dementias (VaD) and Alzheimer's (AD) or Parkinson's disease (PDD)-related dementia. We aimed to present a synthesis of all published data on sUA and relationship with dementia/cognition through systematic review and meta-analysis. We included studies that assessed the association between sUA and any measure of cognitive function or a clinical diagnosis of dementia. We pre-defined subgroup analyses for patients with AD, VaD, PDD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and mixed or undifferentiated. We assessed risk of bias/generalizability, and where data allowed, we performed meta-analysis to describe pooled measures of association across studies. From 4811 titles, 46 papers (n = 16,688 participants) met our selection criteria. Compared to controls, sUA was lower in dementia (SDM -0.33 (95%CI)). There were differences in association by dementia type with apparent association for AD (SDM -0.33 (95%CI)) and PDD (SDM -0.67 (95%CI)) but not in cases of mixed dementia (SDM 0.19 (95%CI)) or VaD (SDM -0.05 (95%CI)). There was no correlation between scores on Mini-Mental State Examination and sUA level (summary r 0.08, p = 0.27), except in patients with PDD (r 0.16, p = 0.003). Our conclusions are limited by clinical heterogeneity and risk of bias in studies. Accepting this caveat, the relationship between sUA and dementia/cognitive impairment is not consistent across all dementia groups and in particular may differ in patients with VaD compared to other dementia subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir A Khan
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Terence J Quinn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jonathan Hewitt
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Yuhua Fan
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department, National Key Discipline, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jesse Dawson
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Markers of cognitive decline in PD: The case for heterogeneity. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 24:8-14. [PMID: 26774536 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent and has a severe negative effect on health related and perceived quality of life in Parkinson's disease (PD). It is now established that 20-40% of persons with PD will develop cognitive deficits early in the disease. Moreover, the risk of developing dementia is six times higher in PD patients than in age-matched controls and it is estimated that 80% of patients will develop dementia after 20 years of the disease. In order to address these symptoms properly it is crucial to identify very early in the disease the patients who are most likely to develop dementia rapidly. Persons who meet criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) exhibit measurable cognitive deficits but those deficits are not severe enough to interfere significantly with daily life. While the presence of MCI in PD increases the chance of developing dementia, various studies suggest that PD-MCI might consist of distinct subtypes with different pathophysiologies and prognoses. In this paper we comment on various biomarkers associated with cognitive decline in PD, specifically clinical, neuropathological, genetic and neuroimaging ones. We also discuss disrupted functional connectivity in PD-MCI and reveal preliminary results from our own group. We propose that the current studies looking at different types of biomarkers provide support for different causes being associated with cognitive decline in PD. Large-scale multi-disciplinary and multi-modal longitudinal studies are required to identify more specifically the different phenotypes associated with different cognitive profiles and evolution in PD.
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Picillo M, Santangelo G, Moccia M, Erro R, Amboni M, Prestipino E, Longo K, Vitale C, Spina E, Orefice G, Barone P, Pellecchia MT. Serum uric acid is associated with apathy in early, drug-naïve Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 123:371-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cao B, Wei QQ, Ou R, Yang J, Shang HF. Association of serum uric acid level with cognitive function among patients with multiple system atrophy. J Neurol Sci 2015; 359:363-6. [PMID: 26671143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple system atrophy (MSA) and cognitive impairment. Uric acid has an anti-oxidative effect. Our objective is to clarify the correlations between serum uric acid and cognitive function as well as frontal lobe function in Chinese MSA patients. METHODS All of MSA patients were evaluated using Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Unified MSA Rating Scale (UMSARS). The fasting serum uric acid concentrations of MSA patients were measured. RESULTS A total of 89 probable MSA patients with a mean age of 58.6 ± 10.0 years old and disease duration of 2.6 ± 1.5 years were included. Thirty-three patients (37.1%) had global cognitive deficits according to ACE-R. Based on FAB, 35 patients (39.3%) had frontal lobe dysfunction. After adjusting for educational years, patients with cognitive deficits had lower uric acid level than patients without cognitive deficits. Patients with frontal lobe dysfunction had lower uric acid level after adjusting for UMSARS scores. In a forward multiple linear regression, uric acid level and educational years were the variables predicting the ACE-R score (F=36.540, R(2)=0.459, p=0.0001), uric acid accounting for 14% of the total variables. Uric acid was the only variable contributing to the FAB score (F=18.551, R(2)=0.176, p=0.0001). CONCLUSION Our study suggested that low level of serum uric acid was associated with cognitive deficits in MSA. Low uric acid level predicting cognitive decline in MSA needs more studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Cao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Qian Wei
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruwei Ou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Fang Shang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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DAMPs and neurodegeneration. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:17-28. [PMID: 25462192 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The concept of neuroinflammation has come a full circle; from being initially regarded as a controversial viewpoint to its present day acceptance as an integral component of neurodegenerative processes. A closer look at the etiopathogenesis of many neurodegenerative conditions will reveal a patho-symbiotic relationship between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, where the two liaise with each other to form a self-sustaining vicious cycle that facilitates neuronal demise. Here, we focus on damage associated molecular patterns or DAMPs as a potentially important nexus in the context of this lethal neuroinflammation-neurodegeneration alliance. Since their nomenclature as "DAMPs" about a decade ago, these endogenous moieties have consistently been reported as novel players in sterile (non-infective) inflammation. However, their roles in inflammatory responses in the central nervous system (CNS), especially during chronic neurodegenerative disorders are still being actively researched. The aim of this review is to first provide a general overview of the neuroimmune response in the CNS within the purview of DAMPs, its receptors and downstream signaling. This is then followed by discussions on some of the DAMP-mediated neuroinflammatory responses involved in chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Along the way, we also highlighted some important gaps in our existing knowledge regarding the role of DAMPs in neurodegeneration, the clarification of which we believe would aid in the prospects of developing treatment or screening strategies directed at these molecules.
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Clinically meaningful parameters of progression and long-term outcome of Parkinson disease: An international consensus statement. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 21:675-82. [PMID: 25952959 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is associated with a clinical course of variable duration, severity, and a combination of motor and non-motor features. Recent PD research has focused primarily on etiology rather than clinical progression and long-term outcomes. For the PD patient, caregivers, and clinicians, information on expected clinical progression and long-term outcomes is of great importance. Today, it remains largely unknown what factors influence long-term clinical progression and outcomes in PD; recent data indicate that the factors that increase the risk to develop PD differ, at least partly, from those that accelerate clinical progression and lead to worse outcomes. Prospective studies will be required to identify factors that influence progression and outcome. We suggest that data for such studies is collected during routine office visits in order to guarantee high external validity of such research. We report here the results of a consensus meeting of international movement disorder experts from the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease (GEO-PD) consortium, who convened to define which long-term outcomes are of interest to patients, caregivers and clinicians, and what is presently known about environmental or genetic factors influencing clinical progression or long-term outcomes in PD. We propose a panel of rating scales that collects a significant amount of phenotypic information, can be performed in the routine office visit and allows international standardization. Research into the progression and long-term outcomes of PD aims at providing individual prognostic information early, adapting treatment choices, and taking specific measures to provide care optimized to the individual patient's needs.
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Moccia M, Picillo M, Erro R, Vitale C, Longo K, Amboni M, Santangelo G, Palladino R, Capo G, Orefice G, Barone P, Pellecchia MT. Presence and progression of non-motor symptoms in relation to uric acid inde novoParkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2014; 22:93-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Moccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology; Federico II University; Naples Italy
| | - M. Picillo
- Neuroscience Section; Department of Medicine; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND); University of Salerno; Salerno Italy
| | - R. Erro
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders; University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology; London UK
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences; University of Verona; Policlinico Borgo Roma; Verona Italy
| | - C. Vitale
- IDC Hermitage Capodimonte; Naples Italy
- Department of Motor Sciences; University Parthenope; Naples Italy
| | - K. Longo
- IDC Hermitage Capodimonte; Naples Italy
| | - M. Amboni
- IDC Hermitage Capodimonte; Naples Italy
| | - G. Santangelo
- Neuropsychology Laboratory; Department of Psychology; Second University of Naples; Caserta Italy
| | - R. Palladino
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health; Imperial College; London UK
- Department of Public Health; Federico II University; Naples Italy
| | - G. Capo
- AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona; Salerno Italy
| | - G. Orefice
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology; Federico II University; Naples Italy
| | - P. Barone
- Neuroscience Section; Department of Medicine; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND); University of Salerno; Salerno Italy
| | - M. T. Pellecchia
- Neuroscience Section; Department of Medicine; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND); University of Salerno; Salerno Italy
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Moccia M, Picillo M, Erro R, Vitale C, Longo K, Amboni M, Santangelo G, Spina E, De Rosa A, De Michele G, Santoro L, Barone P, Pellecchia MT. Is serum uric acid related to non-motor symptoms in de-novo Parkinson's disease patients? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 20:772-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and uric acid levels has gained intensive interest in recent years. We applied meta-analysis to investigate serum uric acid levels in patients with PD in comparison with healthy controls. DESIGN We searched three electronic databases and reference lists up to January 2013. Two collaborators reviewed all the articles and data disagreement was resolved through discussion. Six studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis of uric acid levels in patients with PD in comparison with controls. PARTICIPANTS 1217 patients with PD and 1276 matched healthy controls. RESULTS The meta-analysis results showed that patients with PD had lower levels of uric acid than healthy controls (summary standardised mean difference (SMD)=-0.52, 95% CI (-0.72 to -0.31)). Further gender subgroup analysis (summary SMD=-0.56, 95% CI (-0.72 to -0.41) for women; summary SMD=-0.62, 95% CI (-0.94 to -0.31) for men) indicated lower uric acid levels in patients with PD than healthy controls in women and men. CONCLUSIONS It was found that patients with PD had lower serum levels of uric acid than healthy controls and this association was more significant in men than in women. More efforts are encouraged to explore the prognostic and therapeutic implications for PD of the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shen
- Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, People's Republic of China
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Pan M, Gao H, Long L, Xu Y, Liu M, Zou J, Wu A, Wei X, Chen X, Tang B, Wang Q. Serum uric acid in patients with Parkinson's disease and vascular parkinsonism: a cross-sectional study. Neuroimmunomodulation 2013; 20:19-28. [PMID: 23154271 DOI: 10.1159/000342483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevation of serum uric acid (UA) is correlated with a decreased risk of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the association and clinical relevance of serum UA levels in patients with PD and vascular parkinsonism (VP) are unknown. OBJECTIVE We performed a cross-sectional study of 160 Chinese patients with PD and VP to determine whether UA levels in patients could predict the outcomes. METHODS Serum UA levels were divided into quartiles and the association between UA and the severity of PD or VP was investigated in each quartile. RESULTS The serum levels of UA in PD were significantly lower than those in normal subjects and VP. The serum UA levels in PD patients were significantly correlated with some clinical parameters. Strong correlations were observed in male PD patients, but significant correlations were observed only between UA and the non-motor symptoms (NMS) of burden of sleep/fatigue and mood in female PD patients. PD patients in the lowest quartile of serum UA levels had significant correlations between UA and the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale, the modified Hoehn and Yahr staging scale and NMS burden for attention/memory. CONCLUSION Our findings support the hypothesis that subjects with low serum UA levels may be more prone to developing PD and indicate that the inverse relationship between UA and severity of PD was robust for men but weak for women. Our results strongly imply that either low serum UA level is a deteriorative predictor or that serum UA level serves as an indirect biomarker of prediction in PD but not in VP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiu Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Chen X, Wu G, Schwarzschild MA. Urate in Parkinson's disease: more than a biomarker? Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2012; 12:367-75. [PMID: 22580741 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-012-0282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with characteristic motor manifestations. Although appreciation of PD as a multisystem disorder has grown, loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra remains a pathological and neurochemical hallmark, accounting for the substantial symptomatic benefits of dopamine replacement therapies. However, currently no treatment has been shown to prevent or forestall the progression of the disease in spite of tremendous efforts. Among multiple environmental and genetic factors that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD, oxidative stress is proposed to play a critical role. A recent confluence of clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory evidence identified urate, an antioxidant and end product of purine metabolism, as not only a molecular predictor for both reduced risk and favorable progression of PD but also a potential neuroprotectant for the treatment of PD. This review summarizes recent findings on urate in PD and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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