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Roy A, Earley CJ, Allen RP, Kaminsky ZA. Developing a biomarker for restless leg syndrome using genome wide DNA methylation data. Sleep Med 2020; 78:120-127. [PMID: 33422814 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study reports on an epigenetic biomarker for restless leg syndrome (RLS) developed using whole genome DNA methylation data. Lymphocyte-derived DNA methylation was examined in 15 subjects with and without RLS (discovery cohort). T-tests and linear regressions were used followed by a principal component analysis (PCA). The principal component model from the discovery cohort was used to predict RLS status in a peripheral blood (N = 24; including 12 cases and 12 controls) and a post-mortem neural tissue (N = 71; including 36 cases and 35 controls) replication cohort as well as iron deficiency anemia status in a publicly available dataset (N = 71, 59 cases with iron deficiency anemia, 12 controls). Using receiver-operating characteristic analysis the optimum biomarker model - that included 49 probes - predicted RLS status in the blood-based replication cohort with an area under the curve (AUC) of 87.5% (confidence interval = 71.9%-100%). In the neural tissue samples, the model predicted RLS status with an AUC of 73.4% (confidence interval = 61.5%-85.3%). An AUC of 83% was found for predictions of iron deficiency anemia. Thus, the blood-based biomarker model reported here and built with epigenome-wide data showed reasonable replicability in lymphocytes and neural tissue samples. A limitation of this study is that we could not determine the metabolic or neurobiological pathways linking epigenetic changes with RLS. Further research is needed to fine-tune this model for prospective predictions of RLS and to enable translation for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Roy
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Christopher J Earley
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
| | - Richard P Allen
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
| | - Zachary A Kaminsky
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Ontario Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Yang H, Wang L, Li X, Wang K, Hou Y, Zhang X, Chen Z, Liu C, Yin C, Wu S, Huang Q, Lin Y, Bao Y, Chen Y, Wang Y. A study for the mechanism of sensory disorder in restless legs syndrome based on magnetoencephalography. Sleep Med 2018; 53:35-44. [PMID: 30414507 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the relatively high incidence rate, the etiology and pathogenesis of restless legs syndrome (RLS) are still unclear. Long-term drug treatments fail to achieve satisfying curative effects, which is reflected by rebound and augmentation of related symptoms. An electrophysiological endophenotype experiment was done to investigate the mechanism of somatosensory disorder among RLS patients. Together with 15 normal subjects as the control group, with comparable ages and genders to the RLS patients, 15 primitive RLS patients were scanned by Magnetoencephalography (MEG) under natural conditions; furthermore, the somatosensory evoked magnetic field (SEF) with single and paired stimuli, was also measured. Compared to the control group, the SEF intensities of RLS patients' lower limbs were higher, and the paired-pulse depression (PPD) for SEF in RLS patients was attenuated. It was also revealed by time-frequency analysis of somatosensory induced oscillation (SIO) in RLS patients, that 93.3% of somatosensory induced Alpha (8-12 Hz) oscillations were successfully elicited, while 0% somatosensory induced Gamma (30-55 Hz) oscillations were elicited; which was significantly different from the control group. Additionally, in RLS patients exhibit increased excitability of the sensorimotor cortex, a remarkable abnormality existing in early somatosensory gating control (GC) and an attenuated inhibitory interneuron network, which consequently results in a compensatory mechanism through which RLS patients increase their attention-driven lower limb sensory gating control via somatosensory-induced Alpha (8-12 Hz) oscillation. This hyperexcitability, partially due to an electrocortical disinhibition, may have an important therapeutical implication, and become an important target of neuromodulatory interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; The Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; The Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; The Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; The Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; The Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiating Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; The Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; The Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; The Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chunli Yin
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; The Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; The Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; The Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yicong Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; The Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yan Bao
- Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; The Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, 100053, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Chen J, Huang P, He Y, Shen J, Du J, cui S, Cui P, Chen S, Ma J. A haplotype of MAP2K5/SKOR1 was associated with essential tremor in Chinese population. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 53:118-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JA. Genetics of restless legs syndrome: An update. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 39:108-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hopfner F, Deuschl G. Is essential tremor a single entity? Eur J Neurol 2017; 25:71-82. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Hopfner
- Department of Neurology; Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein; Kiel Campus Germany
- Christian-Albrechts Universität; Kiel Germany
| | - G. Deuschl
- Department of Neurology; Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein; Kiel Campus Germany
- Christian-Albrechts Universität; Kiel Germany
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Leng XR, Qi XH, Zhou YT, Wang YP. Gain-of-function mutation p.Arg225Cys in SCN11A causes familial episodic pain and contributes to essential tremor. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:641-646. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2017.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Morales-Lara D, De-la-Peña C, Murillo-Rodríguez E. Dad's Snoring May Have Left Molecular Scars in Your DNA: the Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Sleep Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2713-2724. [PMID: 28155201 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The sleep-wake cycle is a biological phenomena under the orchestration of neurophysiological, neurochemical, neuroanatomical, and genetical mechanisms. Moreover, homeostatic and circadian processes participate in the regulation of sleep across the light-dark period. Further complexity of the understanding of the genesis of sleep engages disturbances which have been characterized and classified in a variety of sleep-wake cycle disorders. The most prominent sleep alterations include insomnia as well as excessive daytime sleepiness. On the other side, several human diseases have been linked with direct changes in DNA, such as chromatin configuration, genomic imprinting, DNA methylation, histone modifications (acetylation, methylation, ubiquitylation or sumoylation, etc.), and activating RNA molecules that are transcribed from DNA but not translated into proteins. Epigenetic theories primarily emphasize the interaction between the environment and gene expression. According to these approaches, the environment to which mammals are exposed has a significant role in determining the epigenetic modifications occurring in chromosomes that ultimately would influence not only development but also the descendants' physiology and behavior. Thus, what makes epigenetics intriguing is that, unlike genetic variation, modifications in DNA are altered directly by the environment and, in some cases, these epigenetic changes may be inherited by future generations. Thus, it is likely that epigenetic phenomena might contribute to the homeostatic and/or circadian control of sleep and, possibly, have an undescribed link with sleep disorders. An exciting new horizon of research is arising between sleep and epigenetics since it represents the relevance of the study of how the genome learns from its experiences and modulates behavior, including sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Morales-Lara
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Carretera Mérida-Progreso Km. 15.5, A.P. 96 Cordemex, C.P. 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.,Grupo de Investigación en Envejecimiento, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Clelia De-la-Peña
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Eric Murillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Carretera Mérida-Progreso Km. 15.5, A.P. 96 Cordemex, C.P. 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico. .,Grupo de Investigación en Envejecimiento, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico. .,Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico. .,Grupo de Investigación Desarrollos Tecnológicos para la Salud, División de Ingeniería y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Picchietti DL, Van Den Eeden SK, Inoue Y, Berger K. Achievements, challenges, and future perspectives of epidemiologic research in restless legs syndrome (RLS). Sleep Med 2016; 31:3-9. [PMID: 27567163 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the 20 years since the initial consensus on a common definition for restless legs syndrome (RLS), over 600 scientific reports on epidemiological aspects of RLS have been published. Most are descriptive and address important issues such as prevalence, familial patterns, comorbidities, and quality of life. While the establishment of prospective cohort studies and the use of secondary data sources are rather new to RLS research, both options significantly broaden the possibilities for analysis of disease risk factors. These two options, as well as the inclusion of a broader phenotyping of individual patients, have great potential to elucidate etiologic factors for RLS and expand knowledge about this common disorder. This article summarizes achievements in the area of RLS epidemiology, describes current challenges, and highlights future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Picchietti
- University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign and Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | | | - Yuichi Inoue
- Department of Somnology, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Tokyo Medical University and Japan Somnology Center, Japan
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Muenster, Germany
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Ghika A, Kyrozis A, Potagas C, Louis ED. Motor and Non-motor Features: Differences between Patients with Isolated Essential Tremor and Patients with Both Essential Tremor and Parkinson's Disease. TREMOR AND OTHER HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENTS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 5:335. [PMID: 26336614 PMCID: PMC4548968 DOI: 10.7916/d83777wk] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with essential tremor (ET) who develop Parkinson's disease (PD) (i.e., ET→PD) may differ with respect to motor features (MFs) and non-motor features (NMFs) from patients with isolated ET. Few studies have assessed this issue. METHODS In this retrospective chart review, we analyzed data on MFs and NMFs of 175 patients, including 54 ET→PD and 121 ET, actively followed in the Athens University 1st Neurology Department. RESULTS Significantly more ET→PD than ET patients reported asymmetric tremor at ET onset (68.5% vs. 14.9%, p<0.001). Significantly more ET than ET→PD patients had head tremor (43.5% vs. 13.2%, p<0.001) and cerebellar signs (41.3% vs. 9.3%, p<0.001). More ET than ET→PD patients reported hearing impairment (65.3% vs. 28.3%, p<0.001) and restless legs syndrome (34.8% vs. 3.7%, p<0.001). Conversely, a larger proportion of ET→PD than ET patients reported rapid eye movement behavior disorder (51.9% vs. 10.0%, p<0.001), constipation (67.9% vs. 36.4%, p<0.001), and olfactory dysfunction (83.3% vs. 36.4%, p<0.001). DISCUSSION The subset of ET→PD patients may have distinct MFs and NMFs that should be assessed further for the possible predictive value for the emergence of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolia Ghika
- 1st Neurology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Kyrozis
- 1st Neurology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Potagas
- 1st Neurology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elan D Louis
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA ; Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA ; Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Hor H, Francescatto L, Bartesaghi L, Ortega-Cubero S, Kousi M, Lorenzo-Betancor O, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Gironell A, Clarimón J, Drechsel O, Agúndez JAG, Kenzelmann Broz D, Chiquet-Ehrismann R, Lleó A, Coria F, García-Martin E, Alonso-Navarro H, Martí MJ, Kulisevsky J, Hor CN, Ossowski S, Chrast R, Katsanis N, Pastor P, Estivill X. Missense mutations in TENM4, a regulator of axon guidance and central myelination, cause essential tremor. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5677-86. [PMID: 26188006 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is a common movement disorder with an estimated prevalence of 5% of the population aged over 65 years. In spite of intensive efforts, the genetic architecture of ET remains unknown. We used a combination of whole-exome sequencing and targeted resequencing in three ET families. In vitro and in vivo experiments in oligodendrocyte precursor cells and zebrafish were performed to test our findings. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a missense mutation in TENM4 segregating in an autosomal-dominant fashion in an ET family. Subsequent targeted resequencing of TENM4 led to the discovery of two novel missense mutations. Not only did these two mutations segregate with ET in two additional families, but we also observed significant over transmission of pathogenic TENM4 alleles across the three families. Consistent with a dominant mode of inheritance, in vitro analysis in oligodendrocyte precursor cells showed that mutant proteins mislocalize. Finally, expression of human mRNA harboring any of three patient mutations in zebrafish embryos induced defects in axon guidance, confirming a dominant-negative mode of action for these mutations. Our genetic and functional data, which is corroborated by the existence of a Tenm4 knockout mouse displaying an ET phenotype, implicates TENM4 in ET. Together with previous studies of TENM4 in model organisms, our studies intimate that processes regulating myelination in the central nervous system and axon guidance might be significant contributors to the genetic burden of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Hor
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain, CRG CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain,
| | - Ludmila Francescatto
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA
| | - Luca Bartesaghi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland, Department of Neuroscience and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Sara Ortega-Cubero
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), and Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra School of Medicine and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Pamplona, Navarra 31008, Spain
| | - Maria Kousi
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA
| | - Oswaldo Lorenzo-Betancor
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), and Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra School of Medicine and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Pamplona, Navarra 31008, Spain
| | - Felix J Jiménez-Jiménez
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, Madrid 28030, Spain
| | - Alexandre Gironell
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERNED, Barcelona, Catalonia 08026, Spain
| | - Oliver Drechsel
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Daniela Kenzelmann Broz
- Faculty of Sciences and Department of Biomedicine, Friedrich Miescher Institute of Biomedical Research, Novartis Research Foundation and University of Basel, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Chiquet-Ehrismann
- Faculty of Sciences and Department of Biomedicine, Friedrich Miescher Institute of Biomedical Research, Novartis Research Foundation and University of Basel, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Coria
- Clinic for Nervous Disorders, Service of Neurology, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca 07120, Spain
| | - Elena García-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Extremadura, Cáceres 10071, Spain
| | | | - Maria J Martí
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, CIBERNED and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia 08036, Spain and
| | - Jaume Kulisevsky
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERNED, Barcelona, Catalonia 08026, Spain
| | - Charlotte N Hor
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain, CRG CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Stephan Ossowski
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roman Chrast
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland, Department of Neuroscience and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710, USA
| | - Pau Pastor
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), and Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra School of Medicine and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Pamplona, Navarra 31008, Spain,
| | - Xavier Estivill
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain, CRG CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain, Dexeus Women's Health, University Hospital Quiron-Dexeus, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
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12
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Schulte EC, Winkelmann J. Clinical Phenotype and Genetics of Restless Legs Syndrome. Mov Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405195-9.00076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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13
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Lorenzo-Betancor O, Pastor P, Agúndez JAG. Update on genetics of essential tremor. Acta Neurol Scand 2013; 128:359-71. [PMID: 23682623 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the research, few advances in the etiopathogenesis on essential tremor (ET) have been made to date. The high frequency of positive family history of ET and the observed high concordance rates in monozygotic compared with dizygotic twins support a major role of genetic factors in the development of ET. In addition, a possible role of environmental factors has been suggested in the etiology of ET (at least in non-familial forms). Although several gene variants in the LINGO1 gene may increase the risk of ET, to date no causative mutated genes have been identified. In this review, we summarize the studies performed on families with tremor, twin studies, linkage studies, case-control association studies, and exome sequencing in familial ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. J. Jiménez-Jiménez
- Section of Neurology; Hospital Universitario del Sureste; Arganda del Rey Madrid Spain
| | - H. Alonso-Navarro
- Section of Neurology; Hospital Universitario del Sureste; Arganda del Rey Madrid Spain
| | - E. García-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
- AMGenomics; Edificio Tajo, Avda. de la Universidad s/n; Cáceres Spain
| | - O. Lorenzo-Betancor
- Neurogenetics Laboratory; Division of Neurosciences; Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA); University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
- Department of Neurology; Clínica Universidad de Navarra; University of Navarra School of Medicine; Pamplona Spain
| | - P. Pastor
- Neurogenetics Laboratory; Division of Neurosciences; Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA); University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
- Department of Neurology; Clínica Universidad de Navarra; University of Navarra School of Medicine; Pamplona Spain
- CIBERNED; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - J. A. G. Agúndez
- AMGenomics; Edificio Tajo, Avda. de la Universidad s/n; Cáceres Spain
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
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Abstract
Classic essential tremor is a clinical syndrome of action tremor in the upper limbs (at least 95 % of patients) and less commonly the head, face/jaw, voice, tongue, trunk, and lower limbs, in the absence of other neurologic signs. However, the longstanding notion that essential tremor is a monosymptomatic tremor disorder is being challenged by a growing literature describing associated disturbances of tandem walking, personality, mood, hearing, and cognition. There is also epidemiologic, pathologic, and genetic evidence that essential tremor is pathophysiologically heterogeneous. Misdiagnosis of essential tremor is common because clinicians frequently overlook other neurologic signs and because action tremor in the hands is caused by many conditions, including dystonia, Parkinson disease, and drug-induced tremor. Thus, essential tremor is nothing more than a syndrome of idiopathic tremulousness, and the challenge for researchers and clinicians is to find specific etiologies of this syndrome.
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Hedera P, Davis TL, Phibbs FT, Charles PD, LeDoux MS. FUS in familial essential tremor – The search for common causes is still on. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2013; 19:818-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Testa CM. Key issues in essential tremor genetics research: Where are we now and how can we move forward? TREMOR AND OTHER HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENTS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 3. [PMID: 23450143 PMCID: PMC3582856 DOI: 10.7916/d8q23z0z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Genetics research is an avenue towards understanding essential tremor (ET). Advances have been made in genetic linkage and association: there are three reported ET susceptibility loci, and mixed but growing data on risk associations. However, causal mutations have not been forthcoming. This disappointing lack of progress has opened productive discussions on challenges in ET and specifically ET genetics research, including fundamental assumptions in the field. Methods This article reviews the ET genetics literature, results to date, the open questions in ET genetics and the current challenges in addressing them. Results Several inherent ET features complicate genetic linkage and association studies: high potential phenocopy rates, inaccurate tremor self-reporting, and ET misdiagnoses are examples. Increasing use of direct examination data for subjects, family members, and controls is one current response. Smaller moves towards expanding ET phenotype research concepts into non-tremor features, clinically disputed ET subsets, and testing phenotype features instead of clinical diagnosis against genetic data are gradually occurring. The field has already moved to considering complex trait mechanisms requiring detection of combinations of rare genetic variants. Hypotheses may move further to consider novel mechanisms of inheritance, such as epigenetics. Discussion It is an exciting time in ET genetics as investigators start moving past assumptions underlying both phenotype and genetics experimental contributions, overcoming challenges to collaboration, and engaging the ET community. Multicenter collaborative efforts comprising rich longitudinal prospective phenotype data and neuropathologic analysis combined with the latest in genetics experimental design and technology will be the next wave in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Testa
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Parkinson's and Movement Disorders Center, Richmond Virginia, USA
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