1
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Morales-Prieto N, Bevans R, O'Mahony A, Barron A, Giles Doran C, McCarthy E, Concannon RM, Goulding SR, McCarthy CM, Collins LM, Sullivan AM, O'Keeffe GW. Human α-synuclein overexpression upregulates SKOR1 in a rat model of simulated nigrostriatal ageing. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14155. [PMID: 38529808 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons from the substantia nigra (SN) and α-synuclein (αSyn) accumulation. Age is the biggest risk factor for PD and may create a vulnerable pre-parkinsonian state, but the drivers of this association are unclear. It is known that ageing increases αSyn expression in DA neurons and that this may alter molecular processes that are central to maintaining nigrostriatal integrity. To model this, adult female Sprague-Dawley rats received a unilateral intranigral injection of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector carrying wild-type human αSyn (AAV-αSyn) or control vector (AAV-Null). AAV-αSyn induced no detrimental effects on motor behaviour, but there was expression of human wild-type αSyn throughout the midbrain and ipsilateral striatum at 20 weeks post-surgery. Microarray analysis revealed that the gene most-upregulated in the ipsilateral SN of the AAV-αSyn group was the SKI Family Transcriptional Corepressor 1 (SKOR1). Bioenergetic state analysis of mitochondrial function found that SKOR1 overexpression reduced the maximum rate of cellular respiration in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, experiments in SH-SY5Y cells revealed that SKOR1 overexpression impaired neurite growth to the same extent as αSyn, and inhibited BMP-SMAD-dependent transcription, a pathway that promotes DA neuronal survival and growth. Given the normal influence of ageing on DA neuron loss in human SN, the extent of αSyn-induced SKOR1 expression may influence whether an individual undergoes normal nigrostriatal ageing or reaches a threshold for prodromal PD. This provides new insight into mechanisms through which ageing-related increases in αSyn may influence molecular mechanisms important for the maintenance of neuronal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Morales-Prieto
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rebekah Bevans
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - Adam O'Mahony
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aaron Barron
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Conor Giles Doran
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - Erin McCarthy
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ruth M Concannon
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - Susan R Goulding
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cathal M McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Louise M Collins
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Parkinson's Disease Research Cluster (PDRC), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aideen M Sullivan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland
- Parkinson's Disease Research Cluster (PDRC), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard W O'Keeffe
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland
- Parkinson's Disease Research Cluster (PDRC), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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2
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Hendriks WJAJ, van Cruchten RTP, Pulido R. Hereditable variants of classical protein tyrosine phosphatase genes: Will they prove innocent or guilty? Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1051311. [PMID: 36755664 PMCID: PMC9900141 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1051311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases, together with protein tyrosine kinases, control many molecular signaling steps that control life at cellular and organismal levels. Impairing alterations in the genes encoding the involved proteins is expected to profoundly affect the quality of life-if compatible with life at all. Here, we review the current knowledge on the effects of germline variants that have been reported for genes encoding a subset of the protein tyrosine phosphatase superfamily; that of the thirty seven classical members. The conclusion must be that the newest genome research tools produced an avalanche of data that suggest 'guilt by association' for individual genes to specific disorders. Future research should face the challenge to investigate these accusations thoroughly and convincingly, to reach a mature genotype-phenotype map for this intriguing protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiljan J. A. J. Hendriks
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,*Correspondence: Wiljan J. A. J. Hendriks,
| | | | - Rafael Pulido
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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3
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Bliwise DL, Karroum EG, Greer SA, Factor SA, Trotti LM. Restless Legs Symptoms and Periodic Leg Movements in Sleep Among Patients with Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:1339-1344. [PMID: 35311713 PMCID: PMC9156558 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-213100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between restless legs syndrome (RLS) and Parkinson's disease (PD) remains controversial, with epidemiologic and descriptive evidence suggesting some potential overlap while mechanistic/genetic studies suggesting relative independence of the conditions. OBJECTIVE To examine a known, objectively measured endophenotype for RLS, periodic leg movements (PLMS) in sleep, in patients with PD and relate that objective finding to restless legs symptoms. METHODS We performed polysomnography for one (n = 8) or two (n = 67) consecutive nights in 75 PD patients and examined the association of PLMS with restless legs symptoms. RESULTS We found no association between restless legs symptoms and PLMS in PD. Prevalence of both was similar to data reported previously in other PD samples. CONCLUSION We interpret these results as suggesting that restless legs symptoms in PD patients may represent a different phenomenon and pathophysiology than RLS in the non-PD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L. Bliwise
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elias G. Karroum
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C
| | - Sophia A. Greer
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Stewart A. Factor
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lynn Marie Trotti
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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4
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Yadav G, Ansari TM, Shamim A, Roy S, Khan MMU, Ahsan F, Shariq M, Parveen S, Wasim R. Herbal Plethora for Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders:
An Invigorating Outlook. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401317666210913094938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
Oxidative stress, proteasomal impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction,
and accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates have shovelled a major section of the senior
population towards neurodegenerative disorders. Although age, genetic and environmental factors
are thought to play a significant role, drug abuse is considered to be a potent trigger in
Parkinsonism among the young generation. The present study is a critical examination of herbal
resources for attenuation of neurodegeneration.
Materials and Methods:
The following electronic databases have been used to search for literature:
MEDLINE, Scopus, PubMed, and EMBASE
Results :
Paying heed to the prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and
Parkinson’s, the current review encompasses the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration at the cellular
level and possible prospects to overcome the challenge sailing through the ocean of herbal
boon. The United States’s Alzheimer’s Association states that deaths attributable to heart disease
in the country fell by 11% between 2000 and 2015, while deaths from neurodegenerative
diseases increased by a staggering 123% making it, the world’s sixth-leading cause of death.
The irreversible pathological damage amounts to cognitive loss, dementia, Amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson’s disease (PD) Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Various herbal drugs like Brahmi, Shankhpushpi, and Amla are reported to be rich in phytoconstituents
like flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, fatty acids, sterols, tannins, saponins, and
terpenes that have remarkable antioxidant potential and could be explored for the same to prevent
neuronal necrosis.
Conclusion:
It is also believed that herbal medicines are more effective and less toxic than
synthetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Yadav
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026, India
| | | | - Arshiya Shamim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026, India
| | - Supriya Roy
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy,
Amity University, Lucknow Campus, Uttar Pradesh 226028, India
| | - Mohd Masih Uzzaman Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry &
Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Al-qassim Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Farogh Ahsan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026, India
| | - Mohammad Shariq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026, India
| | - Saba Parveen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026, India
| | - Rufaida Wasim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026 , India
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Huang Y, Wang P, Morales R, Luo Q, Ma J. Map2k5-Deficient Mice Manifest Phenotypes and Pathological Changes of Dopamine Deficiency in the Central Nervous System. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:651638. [PMID: 34168549 PMCID: PMC8217467 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.651638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MAP2K5, a member of the MAPK family, is associated with central nervous system disorders. However, neural functional of Map2k5 from animal models were not well examined so far. Here, we established a Map2k5-targeted knockout mouse model to investigate the behavior phenotypes and its underlying molecular mechanism. Our results showed that female Map2k5 mutant mice manifested decreased circadian-dependent ambulatory locomotion, coordination, and fatigue. Male Map2k5 mutant mice displayed impairment in open field exploration and prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle response (ASR) when compared with wild-type controls. Furthermore, Map2k5 mutant mice showed a decreased dopaminergic cell survival and tyrosine hydroxylase levels in nigrostriatal pathway, indicating a crucial role of MAP2K5 in regulating dopamine system in the central nervous system. In conclusion, this is the first study demonstrating that Map2k5 mutant mice displayed phenotypes by disturbing the dopamine system in the central nervous system, implicating Map2k5 mutant mouse as a promising model for many dopamine related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rodrigo Morales
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Quimica Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Qi Luo
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfang Ma
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
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6
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Estiar MA, Senkevich K, Yu E, Varghaei P, Krohn L, Bandres-Ciga S, Noyce AJ, Rouleau GA, Gan-Or Z. Lack of Causal Effects or Genetic Correlation between Restless Legs Syndrome and Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1967-1972. [PMID: 33974305 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have reported an association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome. OBJECTIVES We aimed to use genetic data to study whether these 2 disorders are causally linked or share genetic architecture. METHODS We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization and linkage disequilibrium score regression using summary statistics from recent genome-wide meta-analyses of PD and restless legs syndrome. RESULTS We found no evidence for a causal relationship between restless legs syndrome (as the exposure) and PD (as the outcome, inverse variance-weighted; b = -0.003, SE = 0.031, P = 0.916; F statistic = 217.5). Reverse Mendelian randomization also did not demonstrate any causal effect of PD on restless legs syndrome (inverse variance-weighted; b = -0.012, SE = 0.023, P = 0.592; F statistic = 191.7). Linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis demonstrated lack of genetic correlation between restless legs syndrome and PD (rg = -0.028, SE = 0.042, P = 0.507). CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence for a causal relationship or genetic correlation between restless legs syndrome and PD. The associations observed in epidemiological studies could be attributed, in part, to confounding or nongenetic determinants. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad A Estiar
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Konstantin Senkevich
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric Yu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Parizad Varghaei
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lynne Krohn
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alastair J Noyce
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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7
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Association of BST1 polymorphism with idiopathic restless legs syndrome in Chinese population. Sleep Breath 2021; 25:1987-1993. [PMID: 33625657 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED) are both common movement disorders. Based on their clinical overlap, association studies of PD and RLS/WED have been conducted for many years. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether or not the genetic risk factor of PD was also associated with RLS/WED. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We included 102 idiopathic RLS/WED patients and 189 matched controls from southeast China. The clinical data included the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale, the subtypes of RLS/WED symptoms (painful or other discomfort), the comorbidities, the pregnancy history of female patients, the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Risk gene analysis between RLS/WED and control groups including 21 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) was conducted. Genotyping was done by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS We found that rs4273468 polymorphism of BST1 gene increased the risk of idiopathic RLS/WED patients in southeastern Chinese population (P = <0.001, OR = 2.85, p = 0.019 after Bonferroni correction). Moreover, the haplotype of G-G (rs4698412-rs4273468) was significantly associated with Chinese RLS/WED patients (p = <0.001). CONCLUSION BST1 may contribute to the development of RLS/WED. Further studies on larger cohorts are needed to confirm these findings.
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8
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Munhoz RP, Constantino MCL, Silveira-Moriyama L. The Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disorder link: evidences, biases and clinical relevance. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2019; 77:47-54. [PMID: 30758442 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20180125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disorder (RLS/WED) are relatively common diseases in the realm of movement disorders. The fact that both may, as expected, co-occur and typically share a similar remarkable response to dopaminergic treatment raised the interest in exploration of additional shared features that throughout the years cruised fields as diverse as phenomenology, epidemiology, genetics, pathology, and clinical studies. In this review, we describe and critically examine the evidence and biases of a conceivable overlap of these two disorders, trying to shed light onto two main sources of confusion: (1) are PD and RLS/WED reciprocal risk factors? and (2) what are the main mimics of RLS/WED in PD?
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Puppi Munhoz
- University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Laura Silveira-Moriyama
- Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo SP, Brasil.,Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Neurologia, Campinas SP, Brasil
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9
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10
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Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ. Association between restless legs syndrome and other movement disorders. Neurology 2019; 92:948-964. [PMID: 31004074 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review focuses on the possible association between restless legs syndrome (RLS) and movement disorders, including Parkinson disease (PD), other parkinsonian syndromes, essential tremor, choreic and dystonic syndromes, Tourette syndrome, and heredodegenerative ataxias. METHODS Review of PubMed from 1966 to September 2018 and identification of references of interest for the topic. A meta-analysis of eligible studies on the frequency of RLS in patients with PD and controls using Meta-DiSc1.1.1 software and using the PRISMA guidelines was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Although there are substantial clinical, neuroimaging, neuropathologic, and genetic differences between RLS and PD, many reports describe a higher than expected prevalence of RLS in patients with PD, when compared with the general population or with matched control groups; several studies have also suggested that RLS could be an early clinical feature of PD. RLS symptoms are frequent in multiple system atrophy, essential tremor, Tourette syndrome, Friedreich ataxia, and spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 as well. Finally, possible genetic links between PD and RLS (the presence of allele 2 of the complex microsatellite repeat Rep1 within the α-synuclein gene promoter) and between Tourette syndrome and RLS (several variants in the BTBD9 gene) have been reported in 2 case-control association studies, although these data, based on preliminary data with small sample sizes, need to be replicated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hortensia Alonso-Navarro
- From the Section of Neurology (H.A.-N., F.J.J.-J.), Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, Madrid; and University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (E.G.-M., J.A.G.A), UNEx, ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Elena García-Martín
- From the Section of Neurology (H.A.-N., F.J.J.-J.), Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, Madrid; and University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (E.G.-M., J.A.G.A), UNEx, ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José A G Agúndez
- From the Section of Neurology (H.A.-N., F.J.J.-J.), Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, Madrid; and University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (E.G.-M., J.A.G.A), UNEx, ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez
- From the Section of Neurology (H.A.-N., F.J.J.-J.), Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, Madrid; and University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers (E.G.-M., J.A.G.A), UNEx, ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cáceres, Spain.
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11
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Uhl GR, Martinez MJ. PTPRD: neurobiology, genetics, and initial pharmacology of a pleiotropic contributor to brain phenotypes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1451:112-129. [PMID: 30648269 PMCID: PMC6629525 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type D (PTPRD) has likely roles as a neuronal cell adhesion molecule and synaptic specifier. Interest in its neurobiology and genomics has been stimulated by results from human genetics and mouse models for phenotypes related to addiction, restless leg syndrome, neurofibrillary pathology in Alzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment/intellectual disability, mood lability, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. We review PTPRD's discovery, gene family, candidate homomeric and heteromeric binding partners, phosphatase activities, brain distribution, human genetic associations with nervous system phenotypes, and mouse model data relevant to these phenotypes. We discuss the recently reported discovery of the first small molecule inhibitor of PTPRD phosphatase, the identification of its addiction-related effects, and the implications of these findings for the PTPRD-associated brain phenotypes. In assembling PTPRD neurobiology, human genetics, and mouse genetic and pharmacological datasets, we provide a compelling picture of the roles played by PTPRD, its variation, and its potential as a target for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Uhl
- Neurology and Research Services, New Mexico VA Healthcare System, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maria J Martinez
- Neurology and Research Services, New Mexico VA Healthcare System, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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12
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JA. Genetics of restless legs syndrome: An update. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 39:108-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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TOX3 Variants Are Involved in Restless Legs Syndrome and Parkinson’s Disease with Opposite Effects. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 64:341-345. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Gan-Or Z, Alcalay RN, Rouleau GA, Postuma RB. Sleep disorders and Parkinson disease; lessons from genetics. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 41:101-112. [PMID: 29449121 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson disease is a common, age-related neurodegenerative disorder, projected to afflict millions of individuals in the near future. Understanding its etiology and identifying clinical, genetic or biological markers for Parkinson disease onset and progression is therefore of major importance. Various sleep-related disorders are the most common group of non-motor symptoms in advanced Parkinson disease, but they can also occur during its prodromal phase. However, with the exception of REM sleep behavior disorder, it is unclear whether they are part of the early pathological process of Parkinson disease, or if they develop as Parkinson disease advances because of treatments and neurodegeneration progression. The advancements in genetic studies in the past two decades have generated a wealth of information, and recent genetic studies offer new insight on the association of sleep-related disorders with Parkinson disease. More specifically, comparing genetic data between Parkinson disease and sleep-related disorders can clarify their association, which may assist in determining whether they can serve as clinical markers for Parkinson disease risk or progression. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the genetics of sleep-related disorders in Parkinson disease context, and the potential implications on research, diagnosis, counseling and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Gan-Or
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Review of recent literature pertaining to frequency, associations, mechanisms, and overall significance of sleep--wake disturbances (SWD) in the premotor and early phase of Parkinson's disease. RECENT FINDINGS SWD are frequent in Parkinson's disease and their prevalence increases with disease progression. Recent studies confirm previous findings that SWD can appear as initial manifestation of Parkinson's disease even decades before motor signs appear and highlight their clinical associations in these early stages. More intriguingly, new evidence underpins their role as risk factors, predictors, or even as driving force for the neurodegenerative process. As our understanding of sleep--wake neurobiology increases, new hypotheses emerge concerning the pathophysiology of SWD in early Parkinson's disease stages involving dopaminergic and nondopaminergic mechanisms. SUMMARY SWD are predictors for the development of parkinsonian syndromes including Parkinson's disease. This may offer the opportunity of developing new preventive strategies and interventions at an early stage of this neurodegenerative disease.
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Disability from pain directly correlated with depression in Parkinson’s disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2017; 160:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Högl B, Stefani A. Restless legs syndrome and periodic leg movements in patients with movement disorders: Specific considerations. Mov Disord 2017; 32:669-681. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Högl
- Department of Neurology; Medical University of Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Ambra Stefani
- Department of Neurology; Medical University of Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
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Biomarkers of Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 133:259-289. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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