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Yang Y, Li X, Lu J, Ge J, Chen M, Yao R, Tian M, Wang J, Liu F, Zuo C. Recent progress in the applications of presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography imaging in parkinsonism. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:93-106. [PMID: 38767479 PMCID: PMC11246150 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography, which assesses deficiencies in dopamine synthesis, storage, and transport, is widely utilized for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of parkinsonism. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in the application of presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography imaging in disorders that manifest parkinsonism. We conducted a thorough literature search using reputable databases such as PubMed and Web of Science. Selection criteria involved identifying peer-reviewed articles published within the last 5 years, with emphasis on their relevance to clinical applications. The findings from these studies highlight that presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography has demonstrated potential not only in diagnosing and differentiating various Parkinsonian conditions but also in assessing disease severity and predicting prognosis. Moreover, when employed in conjunction with other imaging modalities and advanced analytical methods, presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography has been validated as a reliable in vivo biomarker. This validation extends to screening and exploring potential neuropathological mechanisms associated with dopaminergic depletion. In summary, the insights gained from interpreting these studies are crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of preclinical investigations and clinical trials, ultimately advancing toward the goals of neuroregeneration in parkinsonian disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, National Research Center for Aging and Medicine, National Center for Neurological Disorders, and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Neurology, National Research Center for Aging and Medicine, National Center for Neurological Disorders, and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, National Center for Neurological Disorders, and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjie Ge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, National Center for Neurological Disorders, and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjia Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Research Center for Aging and Medicine, National Center for Neurological Disorders, and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Yao
- Department of Neurology, National Research Center for Aging and Medicine, National Center for Neurological Disorders, and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, National Center for Neurological Disorders, and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- International Human Phenome Institutes (Shanghai), Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, National Research Center for Aging and Medicine, National Center for Neurological Disorders, and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengtao Liu
- Department of Neurology, National Research Center for Aging and Medicine, National Center for Neurological Disorders, and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuantao Zuo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, National Center for Neurological Disorders, and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chu HY, Smith Y, Lytton WW, Grafton S, Villalba R, Masilamoni G, Wichmann T. Dysfunction of motor cortices in Parkinson's disease. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae294. [PMID: 39066504 PMCID: PMC11281850 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex has long been thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The impaired cortical function is believed to be a direct and immediate effect of pathologically patterned basal ganglia output, mediated to the cerebral cortex by way of the ventral motor thalamus. However, recent studies in humans with Parkinson's disease and in animal models of the disease have provided strong evidence suggesting that the involvement of the cerebral cortex is much broader than merely serving as a passive conduit for subcortical disturbances. In the present review, we discuss Parkinson's disease-related changes in frontal cortical motor regions, focusing on neuropathology, plasticity, changes in neurotransmission, and altered network interactions. We will also examine recent studies exploring the cortical circuits as potential targets for neuromodulation to treat Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yuan Chu
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Rd N.W., Washington D.C. 20007, United States
| | - Yoland Smith
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, 12 Executive Drive N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
- Emory National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road N.E., Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
| | - William W Lytton
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
- Department of Neurology, Kings County Hospital, 451 Clarkson Avenue,Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Scott Grafton
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, 551 UCEN Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States
| | - Rosa Villalba
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
- Emory National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road N.E., Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
| | - Gunasingh Masilamoni
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
- Emory National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road N.E., Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
| | - Thomas Wichmann
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, 12 Executive Drive N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
- Emory National Primate Research Center, 954 Gatewood Road N.E., Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States
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Novakova L, Gajdos M, Barton M, Brabenec L, Zeleznikova Z, Moravkova I, Rektorova I. Striato-cortical functional connectivity changes in mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 121:106031. [PMID: 38364623 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional connectivity changes in clinically overt neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia with Lewy bodies have been described, but studies on connectivity changes in the pre-dementia phase are scarce. OBJECTIVES We concentrated on evaluating striato-cortical functional connectivity differences between patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment with Lewy bodies and healthy controls and on assessing the relation to cognition. METHODS Altogether, we enrolled 77 participants (47 patients, of which 35 met all the inclusion criteria for the final analysis, and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls, of which 28 met all the inclusion criteria for the final analysis) to study the seed-based connectivity of the dorsal, middle, and ventral striatum. We assessed correlations between functional connectivity in the regions of between-group differences and neuropsychological scores of interest (visuospatial and executive domains z-scores). RESULTS Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment with Lewy Bodies, as compared to healthy controls, showed increased connectivity from the dorsal part of the striatum particularly to the bilateral anterior part of the temporal cortex with an association with executive functions. CONCLUSIONS We were able to capture early abnormal connectivity within cholinergic and noradrenergic pathways that correlated with cognitive functions known to be linked to cholinergic/noradrenergic deficits. The knowledge of specific alterations may improve our understanding of early neural changes in pre-dementia stages and enhance research of disease modifying therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomira Novakova
- Brain and Mind Research Program, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Gajdos
- Brain and Mind Research Program, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Barton
- Brain and Mind Research Program, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lubos Brabenec
- Brain and Mind Research Program, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zaneta Zeleznikova
- Brain and Mind Research Program, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; First Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivona Moravkova
- Brain and Mind Research Program, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; First Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Rektorova
- Brain and Mind Research Program, CEITEC, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; First Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Tansey MG, Boles J, Holt J, Cole C, Neighbarger N, Urs N, Uriarte-Huarte O. Locus coeruleus injury modulates ventral midbrain neuroinflammation during DSS-induced colitis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3952442. [PMID: 38559083 PMCID: PMC10980147 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3952442/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a decades-long prodrome, consisting of a collection of non-motor symptoms that emerges prior to the motor manifestation of the disease. Of these non-motor symptoms, gastrointestinal dysfunction and deficits attributed to central norepinephrine (NE) loss, including mood changes and sleep disturbances, are frequent in the PD population and emerge early in the disease. Evidence is mounting that injury and inflammation in the gut and locus coeruleus (LC), respectively, underlie these symptoms, and the injury of these systems is central to the progression of PD. In this study, we generate a novel two-hit mouse model that captures both features, using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce gut inflammation and N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4) to lesion the LC. We first confirmed the specificity of DSP-4 for central NE using neurochemical methods and fluorescence light-sheet microscopy of cleared tissue, and established that DSS-induced outcomes in the periphery, including weight loss, gross indices of gut injury and systemic inflammation, the loss of tight junction proteins in the colonic epithelium, and markers of colonic inflammation, were unaffected with DSP-4 pre-administration. We then measured alterations in neuroimmune gene expression in the ventral midbrain in response to DSS treatment alone as well as the extent to which prior LC injury modified this response. In this two-hit model we observed that DSS-induced colitis activates the expression of key cytokines and chemokines in the ventral midbrain only in the presence of LC injury and the typical DSS-associated neuroimmune is blunted by pre-LC lesioning with DSP-4. In all, this study supports the growing appreciation for the LC as neuroprotective against inflammation-induced brain injury and draws attention to the potential for NEergic interventions to exert disease-modifying effects under conditions where peripheral inflammation may compromise ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons and increase the risk for development of PD.
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Boles JS, Holt J, Cole CL, Neighbarger NK, Urs NM, Huarte OU, Tansey MG. Locus coeruleus injury modulates ventral midbrain neuroinflammation during DSS-induced colitis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.12.580010. [PMID: 38405709 PMCID: PMC10888767 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.12.580010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a decades-long prodrome, consisting of a collection of non-motor symptoms that emerges prior to the motor manifestation of the disease. Of these non-motor symptoms, gastrointestinal dysfunction and deficits attributed to central norepinephrine (NE) loss, including mood changes and sleep disturbances, are frequent in the PD population and emerge early in the disease. Evidence is mounting that injury and inflammation in the gut and locus coeruleus (LC), respectively, underlie these symptoms, and the injury of these systems is central to the progression of PD. In this study, we generate a novel two-hit mouse model that captures both features, using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce gut inflammation and N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4) to lesion the LC. We first confirmed the specificity of DSP-4 for central NE using neurochemical methods and fluorescence light-sheet microscopy of cleared tissue, and established that DSS-induced outcomes in the periphery, including weight loss, gross indices of gut injury and systemic inflammation, the loss of tight junction proteins in the colonic epithelium, and markers of colonic inflammation, were unaffected with DSP-4 pre-administration. We then measured alterations in neuroimmune gene expression in the ventral midbrain in response to DSS treatment alone as well as the extent to which prior LC injury modified this response. In this two-hit model we observed that DSS-induced colitis activates the expression of key cytokines and chemokines in the ventral midbrain only in the presence of LC injury and the typical DSS-associated neuroimmune is blunted by pre-LC lesioning with DSP-4. In all, this study supports the growing appreciation for the LC as neuroprotective against inflammation-induced brain injury and draws attention to the potential for NEergic interventions to exert disease-modifying effects under conditions where peripheral inflammation may compromise ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons and increase the risk for development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Sondag Boles
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jenny Holt
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cassandra L. Cole
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Noelle K. Neighbarger
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nikhil M. Urs
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Oihane Uriarte Huarte
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Malú Gámez Tansey
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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Sun J, Ma J, Gao L, Wang J, Zhang D, Chen L, Fang J, Feng T, Wu T. Disruption of locus coeruleus-related functional networks in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:81. [PMID: 37253752 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Locus coeruleus (LC) is severely affected in Parkinson's Disease (PD). However, alterations in LC-related resting-state networks (RSNs) in PD remain unclear. We used resting-state functional MRI to investigate the alterations in functional connectivity (FC) of LC-related RSNs and the associations between RSNs changes and clinical features in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and PD patients with (PDRBD+) and without RBD (PDRBD-). There was a similarly disrupted FC pattern of LC-related RSNs in iRBD and PDRBD+ patients, whereas LC-related RSNs were less damaged in PDRBD- patients than that in patients with iRBD and PDRBD+. The FC of LC-related RSNs correlated with cognition and duration in iRBD, depression in PDRBD-, and cognition and severity of RBD in patients with PDRBD+. Our findings demonstrate that LC-related RSNs are significantly disrupted in the prodromal stage of α-synucleinopathies and proposed body-first PD (PDRBD+), but are less affected in brain-first PD (PDRBD-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Sun
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghong Ma
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Gao
- Department of General Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongling Zhang
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiliang Fang
- Department of Radiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Tao Wu
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Li Y, Wang T, Meng L, Jin L, Liu C, Liang Y, Ren L, Liu Y, Liu Y, Liu S, Li T, Liang Y, Chen X, Zhang Z. Novel naturally occurring autoantibodies attenuate α-synuclein pathology in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12860. [PMID: 36331758 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Accumulation and propagation of pathological α-synuclein (α-Syn) are the major contributing factors to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Therapy to halt the spreading of α-Syn pathology needs to be established. METHODS After phage display and affinity maturation, human-derived anti-α-Syn autoantibodies were selected and applied to biochemical, cellular and animal models of PD. RESULTS The novel naturally occurring anti-α-Syn autoantibodies (α-Syn-nAbs), P21 and P22, selectively bind α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs), recognise Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs) in human PD brains, block α-Syn fibrillization and inhibit the seeding of α-Syn PFFs. Moreover, systematic administration of P21 and P22 attenuates α-Syn pathology, degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway and motor deficits in mice injected with α-Syn PFFs. CONCLUSIONS P21 and P22 attenuate α-synuclein pathology and are promising candidates for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Tao Wang
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Changchun, 130012, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Lanxia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lei Jin
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yangqiu Liang
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lin Ren
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yang Liu
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yanshuang Liu
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tete Li
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yanqi Liang
- GeneScience Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
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Aghakhanyan G, Galgani A, Vergallo A, Lombardo F, Martini N, Baldacci F, Tognoni G, Leo A, Guidoccio F, Siciliano G, Fornai F, Pavese N, Volterrani D, Giorgi FS. Brain metabolic correlates of Locus Coeruleus degeneration in Alzheimer's disease: a multimodal neuroimaging study. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 122:12-21. [PMID: 36463849 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Locus Coeruleus (LC) degeneration occurs early in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and this could affect several brain regions innervated by LC noradrenergic axon terminals, as these bear neuroprotective effects and modulate neurovascular coupling/neuronal activity. We used LC-sensitive Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) sequences enabling LC integrity quantification, and [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET, to investigate the association of LC-MRI changes with brain glucose metabolism in cognitively impaired patients (30 amnesticMCI and 13 demented ones). Fifteen cognitively intact age-matched controls (HCs) were submitted only to LC-MRI for comparison with patients. Voxel-wise regression analyses of [18F]FDG images were conducted using the LC-MRI parameters signal intensity (LCCR) and LC-belonging voxels (LCVOX). Both LCCR and LCVOX were significantly lower in patients compared to HCs, and were directly associated with [18F]FDG uptake in fronto-parietal cortical areas, mainly involving the left hemisphere (p < 0.001, kE > 100). These results suggest a possible association between LC degeneration and cortical hypometabolism in degenerative cognitive impairment with a prevalent left-hemispheric vulnerability, and that LC degeneration might be linked to large-scale functional network alteration in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayane Aghakhanyan
- Nuclear Medicine Unit - Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Galgani
- Neurology Unit - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Sorbonne University, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Vergallo
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione Monasterio/CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Filippo Baldacci
- Neurology Unit - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gloria Tognoni
- Neurology Unit - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Leo
- Nuclear Medicine Unit - Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Guidoccio
- Nuclear Medicine Unit - Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Nuclear Medicine Unit - Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Sorbonne University, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Pavese
- Clinical Aging Research Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Institute of Clinical Medicine, PET Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Duccio Volterrani
- Nuclear Medicine Unit - Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo S Giorgi
- Sorbonne University, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.
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Geng C, Zhang H. Research progress on neuromolecular imaging of REM sleep behavior disorder. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1009907. [PMID: 36299269 PMCID: PMC9589429 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1009907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is an important non-motor complication of Parkinson's disease. At the same time, iRBD is considered to be the prodromal stage of α-synucleinopathy. This high risk of conversion suggests that iRBD becomes a nerve It is a window for early research on degenerative diseases and is the best candidate for neuroprotection trials. A wide range of neuroimaging techniques has improved our understanding of iRBD as a prodromal stage of the disease. In addition, neuroimaging of abnormal iRBD is expected to be a potential biomarker for predicting clinical phenotypic transformation. This article reviews the research progress of neuromolecular imaging in patients with iRBD from the perspective of iRBD transforming synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Geng
- Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongju Zhang
- Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hongju Zhang
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10
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Prange S, Theis H, Banwinkler M, van Eimeren T. Molecular Imaging in Parkinsonian Disorders—What’s New and Hot? Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091146. [PMID: 36138882 PMCID: PMC9496752 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Highlights Abstract Neurodegenerative parkinsonian disorders are characterized by a great diversity of clinical symptoms and underlying neuropathology, yet differential diagnosis during lifetime remains probabilistic. Molecular imaging is a powerful method to detect pathological changes in vivo on a cellular and molecular level with high specificity. Thereby, molecular imaging enables to investigate functional changes and pathological hallmarks in neurodegenerative disorders, thus allowing to better differentiate between different forms of degenerative parkinsonism, improve the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis and disentangle the pathophysiology of disease-related symptoms. The past decade led to significant progress in the field of molecular imaging, including the development of multiple new and promising radioactive tracers for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) as well as novel analytical methods. Here, we review the most recent advances in molecular imaging for the diagnosis, prognosis, and mechanistic understanding of parkinsonian disorders. First, advances in imaging of neurotransmission abnormalities, metabolism, synaptic density, inflammation, and pathological protein aggregation are reviewed, highlighting our renewed understanding regarding the multiplicity of neurodegenerative processes involved in parkinsonian disorders. Consequently, we review the role of molecular imaging in the context of disease-modifying interventions to follow neurodegeneration, ensure stratification, and target engagement in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Prange
- Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR 5229, Université de Lyon, 69675 Bron, France
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (T.v.E.); Tel.: +49-221-47882843 (T.v.E.)
| | - Hendrik Theis
- Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Magdalena Banwinkler
- Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thilo van Eimeren
- Multimodal Neuroimaging Group, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (T.v.E.); Tel.: +49-221-47882843 (T.v.E.)
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Criaud M, Laurencin C, Poisson A, Metereau E, Redouté J, Thobois S, Boulinguez P, Ballanger B. Noradrenaline and Movement Initiation Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease: A Pharmacological Functional MRI Study with Clonidine. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172640. [PMID: 36078048 PMCID: PMC9454805 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Slowness of movement initiation is a cardinal motor feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and is not fully reverted by current dopaminergic treatments. This trouble could be due to the dysfunction of executive processes and, in particular, of inhibitory control of response initiation, a function possibly associated with the noradrenergic (NA) system. The implication of NA in the network supporting proactive inhibition remains to be elucidated using pharmacological protocols. For that purpose, we administered 150 μg of clonidine to 15 healthy subjects and 12 parkinsonian patients in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design. Proactive inhibition was assessed by means of a Go/noGo task, while pre-stimulus brain activity was measured by event-related functional MRI. Acute reduction in noradrenergic transmission induced by clonidine enhanced difficulties initiating movements reflected by an increase in omission errors and modulated the activity of the anterior node of the proactive inhibitory network (dorsomedial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices) in PD patients. We conclude that NA contributes to movement initiation by acting on proactive inhibitory control via the α2-adrenoceptor. We suggest that targeting noradrenergic dysfunction may represent a new treatment approach in some of the movement initiation disorders seen in Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Criaud
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, Department Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Kings College London, London SE24 9QR, UK
| | - Chloé Laurencin
- Université de Lyon, 69622 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), 69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), 69000 Lyon, France
- Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C, Centre Expert Parkinson, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Alice Poisson
- Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C, Centre Expert Parkinson, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Elise Metereau
- Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C, Centre Expert Parkinson, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | | | - Stéphane Thobois
- Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C, Centre Expert Parkinson, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
- CNRS UMR5229, Institute of Cognitive Science Marc Jeannerod, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Philippe Boulinguez
- Université de Lyon, 69622 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), 69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Bénédicte Ballanger
- Université de Lyon, 69622 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), 69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), 69000 Lyon, France
- Correspondence:
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12
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Klæstrup IH, Just MK, Holm KL, Alstrup AKO, Romero-Ramos M, Borghammer P, Van Den Berge N. Impact of aging on animal models of Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:909273. [PMID: 35966779 PMCID: PMC9366194 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.909273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the biggest risk factor for developing Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Several animal models have been developed to explore the pathophysiology underlying neurodegeneration and the initiation and spread of alpha-synuclein-related PD pathology, and to investigate biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. However, bench-to-bedside translation of preclinical findings remains suboptimal and successful disease-modifying treatments remain to be discovered. Despite aging being the main risk factor for developing idiopathic PD, most studies employ young animals in their experimental set-up, hereby ignoring age-related cellular and molecular mechanisms at play. Consequently, studies in young animals may not be an accurate reflection of human PD, limiting translational outcomes. Recently, it has been shown that aged animals in PD research demonstrate a higher susceptibility to developing pathology and neurodegeneration, and present with a more disseminated and accelerated disease course, compared to young animals. Here we review recent advances in the investigation of the role of aging in preclinical PD research, including challenges related to aged animal models that are limiting widespread use. Overall, current findings indicate that the use of aged animals may be required to account for age-related interactions in PD pathophysiology. Thus, although the use of older animals has disadvantages, a model that better represents clinical disease within the elderly would be more beneficial in the long run, as it will increase translational value and minimize the risk of therapies failing during clinical studies. Furthermore, we provide recommendations to manage the challenges related to aged animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Hyllen Klæstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- DANDRITE-Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mie Kristine Just
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Aage Kristian Olsen Alstrup
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marina Romero-Ramos
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- DANDRITE-Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Borghammer
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nathalie Van Den Berge
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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13
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Valli M, Uribe C, Mihaescu A, Strafella AP. Neuroimaging of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and its relation to Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1815-1833. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikaeel Valli
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, UHN University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Carme Uribe
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Alexander Mihaescu
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, UHN University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Antonio P. Strafella
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour – Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, UHN University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Edmond J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program & Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit, Neurology Division, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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14
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Just MK, Gram H, Theologidis V, Jensen PH, Nilsson KPR, Lindgren M, Knudsen K, Borghammer P, Van Den Berge N. Alpha-Synuclein Strain Variability in Body-First and Brain-First Synucleinopathies. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:907293. [PMID: 35693346 PMCID: PMC9178288 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.907293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic alpha-synuclein (asyn) aggregates are a defining feature of neurodegenerative synucleinopathies, which include Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, pure autonomic failure and multiple system atrophy. Early accurate differentiation between these synucleinopathies is challenging due to the highly heterogeneous clinical profile at early prodromal disease stages. Therefore, diagnosis is often made in late disease stages when a patient presents with a broad range of motor and non-motor symptoms easing the differentiation. Increasing data suggest the clinical heterogeneity seen in patients is explained by the presence of distinct asyn strains, which exhibit variable morphologies and pathological functions. Recently, asyn seed amplification assays (PMCA and RT-QuIC) and conformation-specific ligand assays have made promising progress in differentiating between synucleinopathies in prodromal and advanced disease stages. Importantly, the cellular environment is known to impact strain morphology. And, asyn aggregate pathology can propagate trans-synaptically along the brain-body axis, affecting multiple organs and propagating through multiple cell types. Here, we present our hypothesis that the changing cellular environments, an asyn seed may encounter during its brain-to-body or body-to-brain propagation, may influence the structure and thereby the function of the aggregate strains developing within the different cells. Additionally, we aim to review strain characteristics of the different synucleinopathies in clinical and preclinical studies. Future preclinical animal models of synucleinopathies should investigate if asyn strain morphology is altered during brain-to-body and body-to-brain spreading using these seeding amplification and conformation-specific assays. Such findings would greatly deepen our understanding of synucleinopathies and the potential link between strain and phenotypic variability, which may enable specific diagnosis of different synucleinopathies in the prodromal phase, creating a large therapeutic window with potential future applications in clinical trials and personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Kristine Just
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hjalte Gram
- Department of Biomedicine, DANDRITE-Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vasileios Theologidis
- Department of Biomedicine, DANDRITE-Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Poul Henning Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, DANDRITE-Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - K. Peter R. Nilsson
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mikael Lindgren
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Karoline Knudsen
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Borghammer
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nathalie Van Den Berge
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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15
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Malatt C, Tagliati M. The role of the locus coeruleus/norepinephrine system in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders: An update. Curr Opin Neurol 2022; 35:220-229. [PMID: 35175974 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review was to provide an update on current and emerging knowledge of the neuropathological processes affecting the locus coeruleus/norepinephrine (LC/NE) system, their effect on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease symptomatology, including efforts to translate these notions into therapeutic actions targeting the noradrenergic system. RECENT FINDINGS Over the past 2 years, work from multiple groups has contributed to support an early role of locus coeruleus degeneration and/or hyperactivation in the neurodegenerative process, including a trigger of neuroinflammation. Imaging advances are allowing the quantification of locus coeruleus structural features in vivo, which is critical in the early stages of disease. Nonmotor and noncognitive symptoms, often secondary to the involvement of the LC/NE system, are becoming more important in the definition of these diseases and their treatment. SUMMARY The diverse symptomatology of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, which is not limited to cardinal motor and cognitive abnormalities, strongly suggests a multisystem neurodegenerative process. In this context, it is increasingly clear how the LC/NE system plays a key role in the initiation and maintenance of the neurodegenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Malatt
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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16
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Golan H, Volkov O, Shalom E. Nuclear imaging in Parkinson's disease: The past, the present, and the future. J Neurol Sci 2022; 436:120220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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17
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Van Den Berge N, Ulusoy A. Animal models of brain-first and body-first Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 163:105599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Passive Immunization in Alpha-Synuclein Preclinical Animal Models. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020168. [PMID: 35204668 PMCID: PMC8961624 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synucleinopathies include Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, pure autonomic failure and multiple system atrophy. These are all progressive neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized by pathological misfolding and accumulation of the protein alpha-synuclein (αsyn) in neurons, axons or glial cells in the brain, but also in other organs. The abnormal accumulation and propagation of pathogenic αsyn across the autonomic connectome is associated with progressive loss of neurons in the brain and peripheral organs, resulting in motor and non-motor symptoms. To date, no cure is available for synucleinopathies, and therapy is limited to symptomatic treatment of motor and non-motor symptoms upon diagnosis. Recent advances using passive immunization that target different αsyn structures show great potential to block disease progression in rodent studies of synucleinopathies. However, passive immunotherapy in clinical trials has been proven safe but less effective than in preclinical conditions. Here we review current achievements of passive immunotherapy in animal models of synucleinopathies. Furthermore, we propose new research strategies to increase translational outcome in patient studies, (1) by using antibodies against immature conformations of pathogenic αsyn (monomers, post-translationally modified monomers, oligomers and protofibrils) and (2) by focusing treatment on body-first synucleinopathies where damage in the brain is still limited and effective immunization could potentially stop disease progression by blocking the spread of pathogenic αsyn from peripheral organs to the brain.
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19
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Terkelsen MH, Klaestrup IH, Hvingelby V, Lauritsen J, Pavese N, Romero-Ramos M. Neuroinflammation and Immune Changes in Prodromal Parkinson's Disease and Other Synucleinopathies. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:S149-S163. [PMID: 35723115 PMCID: PMC9535563 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple lines of clinical and pre-clinical research support a pathogenic role for neuroinflammation and peripheral immune system dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. In this paper, we have reviewed and summarised the published literature reporting evidence of neuroinflammation and peripheral immune changes in cohorts of patients with isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder and non-manifesting carriers of GBA or LRRK2 gene mutations, who have increased risk for Parkinsonism and synucleinopathies, and could be in the prodromal stage of these conditions. Taken together, the findings of these studies suggest that the early stages of pathology in Parkinsonism involve activation of both the central and peripheral immune systems with significant crosstalk. We consider these findings with respect to those found in patients with clinical Parkinson's disease and discuss their possible pathological roles. Moreover, those factors possibly associated with the immune response, such as the immunomodulatory role of the affected neurotransmitters and the changes in the gut-brain axis, are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ida H. Klaestrup
- DANDRITE & Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Victor Hvingelby
- Department of Clinical Medicine – Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johanne Lauritsen
- DANDRITE & Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicola Pavese
- Department of Clinical Medicine – Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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20
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Matzaras R, Shi K, Artemiadis A, Zis P, Hadjigeorgiou G, Rominger A, Bassetti CLA, Bargiotas P. Brain Neuroimaging of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:69-83. [PMID: 34806615 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND REM-sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia and a common comorbidity in Parkinson's disease (PD). There is evidence that the presence of RBD is associated with more severe PD. The differences in the clinical manifestations and the natural history are likely to imply underlying differences in the pathophysiology among PD patients with and without RBD. The increasing number of neuroimaging studies support this notion. OBJECTIVE Our primary objective was to review the current evidence regarding the brain neuroimaging findings in PD patients with RBD (PDRBD). METHODS A systematic review of articles, published in PubMed between January 1, 2000 and September 23, 2020 was performed. We evaluate previous studies that assessed PD patients with RBD using various brain structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and brain nuclear medicine imaging. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies, involving a total of 3,347 PD subjects among which 912 subjects with PDRBD, met the selection criteria and were included. The presence of RBD in PD patients is associated with structural and functional alterations in several brain regions, mainly in brainstem, limbic structures, frontotemporal cortex, and basal ganglia, raising the hypothesis of a PDRBD neuroimaging phenotype. CONCLUSION The current review provides up-to-date knowledge in this field and summarizes the neurobiological/neuroimaging substrate of RBD in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafail Matzaras
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kuangyu Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Artemios Artemiadis
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Panagiotis Zis
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio L A Bassetti
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital (Inselspital) and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Meles SK, Oertel WH, Leenders KL. Circuit imaging biomarkers in preclinical and prodromal Parkinson's disease. Mol Med 2021; 27:111. [PMID: 34530732 PMCID: PMC8447708 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) commences several years before the onset of motor features. Pathophysiological understanding of the pre-clinical or early prodromal stages of PD are essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Two categories of patients are ideal to study the early disease stages. Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) represents a well-known prodromal stage of PD in which pathology is presumed to have reached the lower brainstem. The majority of patients with iRBD will develop manifest PD within years to decades. Another category encompasses non-manifest mutation carriers, i.e. subjects without symptoms, but with a known mutation or genetic variant which gives an increased risk of developing PD. The speed of progression from preclinical or prodromal to full clinical stages varies among patients and cannot be reliably predicted on the individual level. Clinical trials will require inclusion of patients with a predictable conversion within a limited time window. Biomarkers are necessary that can confirm pre-motor PD status and can provide information regarding lead time and speed of progression. Neuroimaging changes occur early in the disease process and may provide such a biomarker. Studies have focused on radiotracer imaging of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system, which can be assessed with dopamine transporter (DAT) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Loss of DAT binding represents an effect of irreversible structural damage to the nigrostriatal system. This marker can be used to monitor disease progression and identify individuals at specific risk for phenoconversion. However, it is known that changes in neuronal activity precede structural changes. Functional neuro-imaging techniques, such as 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose Positron Emission Tomography (18F-FDG PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), can be used to model the effects of disease on brain networks when combined with advanced analytical methods. Because these changes occur early in the disease process, functional imaging studies are of particular interest in prodromal PD diagnosis. In addition, fMRI and 18F-FDG PET may be able to predict a specific future phenotype in prodromal cohorts, which is not possible with DAT SPECT. The goal of the current review is to discuss the network-level brain changes in pre-motor PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne K Meles
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wolfgang H Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Institute for Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Center for Health and Environment, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus L Leenders
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Masilamoni GJ, Weinkle A, Papa SM, Smith Y. Cortical Serotonergic and Catecholaminergic Denervation in MPTP-Treated Parkinsonian Monkeys. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:1804-1822. [PMID: 34519330 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased cortical serotonergic and catecholaminergic innervation of the frontal cortex has been reported at early stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the limited availability of animal models that exhibit these pathological features has hampered our understanding of the functional significance of these changes during the course of the disease. In the present study, we assessed longitudinal changes in cortical serotonin and catecholamine innervation in motor-symptomatic and asymptomatic monkeys chronically treated with low doses of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Densitometry and unbiased stereological techniques were used to quantify changes in serotonin and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in frontal cortices of 3 control monkeys and 3 groups of MPTP-treated monkeys (motor-asymptomatic [N = 2], mild parkinsonian [N = 3], and moderate parkinsonian [N = 3]). Our findings revealed a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in serotonin innervation of motor (Areas 4 and 6), dorsolateral prefrontal (Areas 9 and 46), and limbic (Areas 24 and 25) cortical areas in motor-asymptomatic MPTP-treated monkeys. Both groups of symptomatic MPTP-treated animals displayed further serotonin denervation in these cortical regions (P < 0.0001). A significant loss of serotonin-positive dorsal raphe neurons was found in the moderate parkinsonian group. On the other hand, the intensity of cortical TH immunostaining was not significantly affected in motor asymptomatic MPTP-treated monkeys, but underwent a significant reduction in the moderate symptomatic group (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that chronic intoxication with MPTP induces early pathology in the corticopetal serotonergic system, which may contribute to early non-motor symptoms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunasingh Jeyaraj Masilamoni
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Allison Weinkle
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Stella M Papa
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.,Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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23
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. Neurochemical Features of Rem Sleep Behaviour Disorder. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11090880. [PMID: 34575657 PMCID: PMC8468296 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic deficiency, shown by many studies using functional neuroimaging with Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), is the most consistent neurochemical feature of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) and, together with transcranial ultrasonography, and determination of alpha-synuclein in certain tissues, should be considered as a reliable marker for the phenoconversion of idiopathic RBD (iRBD) to a synucleopathy (Parkinson’s disease –PD- or Lewy body dementia -LBD). The possible role in the pathogenesis of RBD of other neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline, acetylcholine, and excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters; hormones such as melatonin, and proinflammatory factors have also been suggested by recent reports. In general, brain perfusion and brain glucose metabolism studies have shown patterns resembling partially those of PD and LBD. Finally, the results of structural and functional MRI suggest the presence of structural changes in deep gray matter nuclei, cortical gray matter atrophy, and alterations in the functional connectivity within the basal ganglia, the cortico-striatal, and the cortico-cortical networks, but they should be considered as preliminary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Javier Jiménez-Jiménez
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, C/Marroquina 14, 3 B, E28030 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-636968395; Fax: +34-913280704
| | - Hortensia Alonso-Navarro
- Section of Neurology, Hospital Universitario del Sureste, Arganda del Rey, C/Marroquina 14, 3 B, E28030 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Elena García-Martín
- UNEx, ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University Institute of Molecular Pathology, E10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.A.G.A.)
| | - José A. G. Agúndez
- UNEx, ARADyAL, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University Institute of Molecular Pathology, E10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.A.G.A.)
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24
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Prodromal Parkinson disease subtypes - key to understanding heterogeneity. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:349-361. [PMID: 33879872 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In Parkinson disease (PD), pathological processes and neurodegeneration begin long before the cardinal motor symptoms develop and enable clinical diagnosis. In this prodromal phase, risk and prodromal markers can be used to identify individuals who are likely to develop PD, as in the recently updated International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society research criteria for prodromal PD. However, increasing evidence suggests that clinical and prodromal PD are heterogeneous, and can be classified into subtypes with different clinical manifestations, pathomechanisms and patterns of spatial and temporal progression in the CNS and PNS. Genetic, pathological and imaging markers, as well as motor and non-motor symptoms, might define prodromal subtypes of PD. Moreover, concomitant pathology or other factors, including amyloid-β and tau pathology, age and environmental factors, can cause variability in prodromal PD. Patients with REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) exhibit distinct patterns of α-synuclein pathology propagation and might indicate a body-first subtype rather than a brain-first subtype. Identification of prodromal PD subtypes and a full understanding of variability at this stage of the disease is crucial for early and accurate diagnosis and for targeting of neuroprotective interventions to ensure efficacy.
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25
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Giorgi FS, Galgani A, Puglisi-Allegra S, Busceti CL, Fornai F. The connections of Locus Coeruleus with hypothalamus: potential involvement in Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:589-613. [PMID: 33942174 PMCID: PMC8105225 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus and Locus Coeruleus (LC) share a variety of functions, as both of them take part in the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle and in the modulation of autonomic and homeostatic activities. Such a functional interplay takes place due to the dense and complex anatomical connections linking the two brain structures. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the occurrence of endocrine, autonomic and sleep disturbances have been associated with the disruption of the hypothalamic network; at the same time, in this disease, the occurrence of LC degeneration is receiving growing attention for the potential roles it may have both from a pathophysiological and pathogenetic point of view. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the anatomical and functional connections between the LC and hypothalamus, to better understand whether the impairment of the former may be responsible for the pathological involvement of the latter, and whether the disruption of their interplay may concur to the pathophysiology of AD. Although only a few papers specifically explored this topic, intriguingly, some pre-clinical and post-mortem human studies showed that aberrant protein spreading and neuroinflammation may cause hypothalamus degeneration and that these pathological features may be linked to LC impairment. Moreover, experimental studies in rodents showed that LC plays a relevant role in modulating the hypothalamic sleep/wake cycle regulation or neuroendocrine and systemic hormones; in line with this, the degeneration of LC itself may partly explain the occurrence of hypothalamic-related symptoms in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Sean Giorgi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
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26
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Doppler CEJ, Smit JAM, Hommelsen M, Seger A, Horsager J, Kinnerup MB, Hansen AK, Fedorova TD, Knudsen K, Otto M, Nahimi A, Borghammer P, Sommerauer M. Microsleep disturbances are associated with noradrenergic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Sleep 2021; 44:6145123. [PMID: 33608699 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Parkinson's disease (PD) commonly involves degeneration of sleep-wake regulating brainstem nuclei; likewise, sleep-wake disturbances are highly prevalent in PD patients. As polysomnography macroparameters typically show only minor changes in PD, we investigated sleep microstructure, particularly cyclic alternating pattern (CAP), and its relation to alterations of the noradrenergic system in these patients. METHODS We analysed 27 PD patients and 13 healthy control (HC) subjects who underwent over-night polysomnography and 11C-MeNER positron emission tomography for evaluation of noradrenaline transporter density. Sleep macroparameters as well as CAP metrics were evaluated according to the consensus statement from 2001. Statistical analysis comprised group comparisons and correlation analysis of CAP metrics with clinical characteristics of PD patients as well as noradrenaline transporter density. RESULTS PD patients and HC subjects were comparable in demographic characteristics (age, sex, body mass index) and polysomnography macroparameters. CAP rate as well as A index differed significantly between groups, with PD patients having a lower CAP rate (46.7 ± 6.6% versus 38.0 ± 11.6%, p = 0.015) and lower A index (49.0 ± 8.7/hour versus 40.1 ± 15.4/hour, p = 0.042). In PD patients, both CAP metrics correlated significantly with diminished noradrenaline transporter density in arousal prompting brainstem nuclei (locus coeruleus, raphe nuclei) as well as arousal propagating brain structures like thalamus and bitemporal cortex. CONCLUSIONS Sleep microstructure is more severely altered than sleep macrostructure in PD patients and is associated with widespread dysfunction of the noradrenergic arousal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E J Doppler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Julia A M Smit
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hommelsen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Aline Seger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jacob Horsager
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin B Kinnerup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Allan K Hansen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tatyana D Fedorova
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karoline Knudsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marit Otto
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Adjmal Nahimi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Borghammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Sommerauer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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