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Benhadda F, Zykwinska A, Colliec-Jouault S, Sinquin C, Thollas B, Courtois A, Fuzzati N, Toribio A, Delbarre-Ladrat C. Marine versus Non-Marine Bacterial Exopolysaccharides and Their Skincare Applications. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:582. [PMID: 37999406 PMCID: PMC10672628 DOI: 10.3390/md21110582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are well-known to synthesize high molecular weight polysaccharides excreted in extracellular domain, which constitute their protective microenvironment. Several bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are commercially available for skincare applications in cosmetic products due to their unique structural features, conferring valuable biological and/or textural properties. This review aims to give an overview of bacterial EPS, an important group of macromolecules used in cosmetics as actives and functional ingredients. For this purpose, the main chemical characteristics of EPS are firstly described, followed by the basics of the development of cosmetic ingredients. Then, a focus on EPS production, including upstream and downstream processes, is provided. The diversity of EPS used in the cosmetic industry, and more specifically of marine-derived EPS is highlighted. Marine bacteria isolated from extreme environments are known to produce EPS. However, their production processes are highly challenging due to high or low temperatures; yield must be improved to reach economically viable ingredients. The biological properties of marine-derived EPS are then reviewed, resulting in the highlight of the challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Benhadda
- Ifremer, MASAE Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, F-44000 Nantes, France; (F.B.); (S.C.-J.); (C.S.); (C.D.-L.)
- CHANEL Fragrance and Beauty, F-93500 Pantin, France; (N.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Agata Zykwinska
- Ifremer, MASAE Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, F-44000 Nantes, France; (F.B.); (S.C.-J.); (C.S.); (C.D.-L.)
| | - Sylvia Colliec-Jouault
- Ifremer, MASAE Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, F-44000 Nantes, France; (F.B.); (S.C.-J.); (C.S.); (C.D.-L.)
| | - Corinne Sinquin
- Ifremer, MASAE Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, F-44000 Nantes, France; (F.B.); (S.C.-J.); (C.S.); (C.D.-L.)
| | | | | | - Nicola Fuzzati
- CHANEL Fragrance and Beauty, F-93500 Pantin, France; (N.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Alix Toribio
- CHANEL Fragrance and Beauty, F-93500 Pantin, France; (N.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Christine Delbarre-Ladrat
- Ifremer, MASAE Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, F-44000 Nantes, France; (F.B.); (S.C.-J.); (C.S.); (C.D.-L.)
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Cui S, Pan M, Tang X, Liu G, Mao B, Zhao J, Yang K. Metagenomic insights into the effects of cosmetics containing complex polysaccharides on the composition of skin microbiota in females. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1210724. [PMID: 37593763 PMCID: PMC10428012 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1210724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of cosmetics has become a habit for women. However, their influence on the microbial diversity of the skin has rarely been studied. Methods Herein, the effect of cosmetics containing complex polysaccharides on the skin bacterial microbiota of female forehead and cheek areas was analyzed. Eighty volunteers were recruited and split into two groups (40 people each); one group was treated with cosmetics containing complex polysaccharides and the other with basic cream for 28 days. Skin samples were collected using sterilized cotton swabs, and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the changes in skin bacterial microbiota composition before and after the intervention. Results and discussion A total of twenty-four phyla were detected in the forehead and cheek skin samples of 80 volunteers, the top three of which were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. The main genera of the forehead skin bacterial microbiota were Cutibacterium (11.1%), Acinetobacter (10.4%), Enterococcus (8.9%), Ralstonia (8.8%), and Staphylococcus (8.7%), while those of the cheek skin bacterial microbiota were Staphylococcus (20.0%), Ralstonia (8.7%), Propionibacterium (7.9%), Acinetobacter (7.2%), and Bifidobacterium (6.0%). Compared with basic cream, the use of cosmetics containing complex polysaccharides significantly increased the relative abundance of Staphylococcus and Bacillus in the forehead and cheek and reduced the relative abundance of Propionibacterium and Bifidobacterium. Thus, cosmetics containing complex polysaccharides could modify the composition of skin bacterial microbiota, which may help to maintain stable conditions of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingluo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guangrong Liu
- Infinitus R&D Center, Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kaiye Yang
- Infinitus R&D Center, Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Hong SB, Choi JH, Park H, Chang YK, Mun S. Simulated moving bed purification of fucoidan hydrolysate for an efficient production of fucose with high purity and little loss. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Immunomodulatory effects of exopolysaccharides produced by Bacillus licheniformis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides isolated from Korean kimchi. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Barcelos MCS, Vespermann KAC, Pelissari FM, Molina G. Current status of biotechnological production and applications of microbial exopolysaccharides. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1475-1495. [PMID: 30740985 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1575791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are an abundant and important group of compounds that can be secreted by bacteria, fungi and algae. The biotechnological production of these substances represents a faster alternative when compared to chemical and plant-derived production with the possibility of using industrial wastes as substrates, a feasible strategy after a comprehensive study of factors that may affect the synthesis by the chosen microorganism and desirable final product. Another possible difficulty could be the extraction and purification methods, a crucial part of the production of microbial polysaccharides, since different methods should be adopted. In this sense, this review aims to present the biotechnological production of microbial exopolysaccharides, exploring the production steps, optimization processes and current applications of these relevant bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara C S Barcelos
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology - Food Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology - UFVJM - Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kele A C Vespermann
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology - Food Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology - UFVJM - Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Franciele M Pelissari
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology - Food Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology - UFVJM - Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Molina
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology - Food Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology - UFVJM - Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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6
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Development of an efficient process for recovery of fucose in a multi-component mixture of monosugars stemming from defatted microalgal biomass. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Pannakal ST, Jäger S, Duranton A, Tewari A, Saha S, Radhakrishnan A, Roy N, Kuntz JF, Fermas S, James D, Mellor J, Misra N, Breton L. Longevity effect of a polysaccharide from Chlorophytum borivilianum on Caenorhabditis elegans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179813. [PMID: 28727758 PMCID: PMC5519035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional Indian medicine, Ayurveda, provides insights and practical solutions towards a healthy life style. Rasayana is a branch of Ayurveda known for preserving and promoting health, enhancing the quality of life and delaying the aging process. In the traditional knowledge, the Rasayana herb, Chlorophytum borivilianum (C. borivilanum) is regarded as a general health promoting tonic that delays aging and increases lifespan, cognitive function and physical strength. Aging is a complex and multifactorial physiological phenomenon that manifests itself over a wide range of biological systems, tissues, and functions. Longevity is an obvious marker of physiological aging. Simple model systems such as the single-cell budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) and the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) are widely used to study the aging process and longevity. Here, we show that a polysaccharide fraction obtained from C. borivilianum increases the lifespan of S. cerevisiae and C. elegans, using an automated screening platform (ChronoscreenTM). Chemical analysis of this extract revealed a low molecular weight polysaccharide of 1000 Da, predominantly comprising Glu1→6Glu linkage. This polysaccharide showed significant dose-dependent extension of the median lifespan of S. cerevisiae by up to 41% and of the median lifespan of C. elegans by up to 10%. Taking cue from these results and the traditionally described benefits of Rasayanas on skin rejuvenation, we tested in vitro the polysaccharide for potential skin benefits. In a keratinocyte culture, we observed that this polysaccharide increased cell proliferation significantly, and induced synthesis of hyaluronic acid (HA), a well-known extracellular matrix component. Furthermore, when added to culture medium of human reconstructed epidermis, we observed an enhanced production of epidermal markers, e.g. CD44 and HA that are otherwise diminished in aged skin. Together, these results suggest that in addition to life-span extension of S. cerevisiae and C. elegans, a polysaccharide from the Rasayana herb, C. borivilianum may have beneficial effects on skin aging parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sibylle Jäger
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | | | - Amit Tewari
- L’Oreal Research & Innovation, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Nita Roy
- L’Oreal Research & Innovation, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Soraya Fermas
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | | | - Jane Mellor
- Biochemistry Department, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Sibelius Limited, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Namita Misra
- L’Oreal Research & Innovation, Bangalore, India
- * E-mail: (STP); (NM)
| | - Lionel Breton
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
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Shah H, Rawal Mahajan S. Photoaging: New insights into its stimulators, complications, biochemical changes and therapeutic interventions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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9
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Hadjistasi CA, Stavrou IJ, Stefan-Van Staden RI, Aboul-Enein HY, Kapnissi-Christodoulou CP. Chiral Separation of the Clinically Important Compounds Fucose and Pipecolic Acid Using CE: Determination of the Most Effective Chiral Selector. Chirality 2013; 25:556-60. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raluca-Ioana Stefan-Van Staden
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB Bucharest; National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter; Bucharest Romania
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department; The Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre; Cairo Egypt
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Camargo Junior FBD, Gaspar LR, Campos PMBGM. Immediate and long-term effects of polysaccharides-based formulations on human skin. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502012000300022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new trend in cosmetic formulations is the use of biotechnological raw materials as the polysaccharides from Klebsiella pneumoniae, which are supposed to enhance cell renewal, improve skin hydration and micro-relief. Botanical extracts of Myrtus communis leaves contain different sugars, which may provide the same benefits. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate through objective and subjective analysis the immediate and long-term effects of cosmetic formulations containing polysaccharides biotechnologically-originated and / or the ones contained in Myrtus communis extracts. Three polysaccharide-based and placebo formulations were applied on the forearm skin of 40 volunteers. Skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), viscoelasticity and skin micro-relief measurements were made before and 2 hours after a single application and after 15 and 30 day-periods of daily applications. Answers to a questionnaire about perceptions of formulation cosmetic features constituted the subjective analysis. All polysaccharide-based formulations enhanced skin hydration. Formulations with isolated or combined active substances improved skin barrier function as compared to placebo, in the short and long term studies. Formulations containing Myrtus communis extracts had the highest acceptance. Results suggest that daily use of formulations containing these substances is important for protection of the skin barrier function.
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Chowdhury SR, Manna S, Saha P, Basak RK, Sen R, Roy D, Adhikari B. Composition analysis and material characterization of an emulsifying extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) produced by Bacillus megaterium RB-05: a hydrodynamic sediment-attached isolate of freshwater origin. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:1381-93. [PMID: 21973188 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This work was aimed to isolate, purify and characterize an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) produced by a freshwater dynamic sediment-attached micro-organism, Bacillus megaterium RB-05, and study its emulsifying potential in different hydrocarbon media. METHODS AND RESULTS Bacillus megaterium RB-05 was found to produce EPSs in glucose mineral salts medium, and maximum yield (0.864 g l(-1) ) was achieved after 24-h incubation. The recovery rates of the polysaccharide material by ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography were around 67 and 93%, respectively. As evident from HPLC and FT-IR analyses, the polysaccharide was found to be a heteropolymer-containing glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, fucose and N-acetyl glucosamine. Different oligosaccharide combinations namely hexose(3), hexose(4), hexose(5) deoxyhexose(1) and hexose(5) deoxyhexose(1) pentose(3) were obtained after partial hydrolysis of the polymer using MALDI-ToF-MS. The polysaccharide with an average molecular weight of 170 kDa and thermal stability up to 180°C showed pseudoplastic rheology and significant emulsifying activity in hydrocarbon media. CONCLUSIONS Isolated polysaccharide was found to be of high molecular weight and thermally stable. The purified EPS fraction was composed of hexose, pentose and deoxyhexose sugar residues, which is a rare combination for bacterial polysaccharides. Emulsifying property was either better or comparable to that of other commercially available natural gums and polysaccharides. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is probably one of the few reports about characterizing an emulsifying EPS produced by a freshwater sediment-attached bacterium. The results of this study contribute to understand the influence of chemical composition and material properties of a new microbial polysaccharide on its application in industrial biotechnology. Furthermore, this work reconfirms freshwater dynamic sediment as a potential habitat for bioprospecting extracellular polymer-producing bacteria. This study will improve our knowledge on the exploitation of a nonconventional renewable resource, which also seems to be ecologically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Chowdhury
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, WB, India
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12
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Chowdhury SR, Basak RK, Sen R, Adhikari B. Production of extracellular polysaccharide by Bacillus megaterium RB-05 using jute as substrate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:6629-6632. [PMID: 21507629 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus megaterium RB-05 was grown on glucose and on "tossa-daisee" (Corchorus olitorius)-derived jute, and production and composition of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) were monitored. An EPS yield of 0.065 ± 0.013 and of 0.297 g ± 0.054 g(-1) substrate after 72 h was obtained for glucose and jute, respectively. EPS production in the presence of jute paralleled bacterial cellulase activity. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), matrix assisted LASER desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectroscopy, and fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy demonstrated that the EPS synthesized in jute culture (JC) differed from that synthesized in glucose mineral salts medium (GMSM). While fucose was only a minor constituent (4.9 wt.%) of EPS from GMSM, it a major component (41.9 wt.%) of EPS synthesized in JC. This study establishes jute as an effective fermentation substrate for EPS production by a cellulase-producing bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sougata Roy Chowdhury
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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Saari P, Häkkä K, Heikkilä H, Jumppanen J, Hurme M. A Novel Chromatographic Production Scale Separation Process for L-Fucose. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070903126922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Saari
- a Danisco Sweeteners, Sokeritehtaantie , Kantvik, Finland
- b Helsinki University of Technology , Finland
| | - Katja Häkkä
- a Danisco Sweeteners, Sokeritehtaantie , Kantvik, Finland
| | | | - Juho Jumppanen
- a Danisco Sweeteners, Sokeritehtaantie , Kantvik, Finland
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Ghersetich I, Troiano M, De Giorgi V, Lotti T. Receptors in Skin Ageing and Antiageing Agents. Dermatol Clin 2007; 25:655-62, xi. [PMID: 17903624 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2007.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Skin ageing is an irreversible process during which ultrastructural and physiologic alterations happen. Dermatology has focused a lot of attention on the reversal of signs of ageing and photodamage, with the purposes of achieving cosmetic benefits and preventing photocancerogenesis. Recent advances in skin biology have clarified the mechanisms by which photoageing occurs and have given rise to new treatments to prevent and reverse this process. The understanding of the role of key receptors involved in the complex pathomechanism of skin ageing probably will lead to the development of the new therapeutic agents in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Ghersetich
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Via Lorenzo il Magnifico 104, 50129 Florence, Italy.
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15
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Rabe JH, Mamelak AJ, McElgunn PJS, Morison WL, Sauder DN. Photoaging: Mechanisms and repair. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 55:1-19. [PMID: 16781287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2004] [Revised: 04/23/2005] [Accepted: 05/03/2005] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aging is a complex, multifactorial process resulting in several functional and esthetic changes in the skin. These changes result from intrinsic as well as extrinsic processes, such as ultraviolet radiation. Recent advances in skin biology have increased our understanding of skin homeostasis and the aging process, as well as the mechanisms by which ultraviolet radiation contributes to photoaging and cutaneous disease. These advances in skin biology have led to the development of a diversity of treatments aimed at preventing aging and rejuvenating the skin. The focus of this review is the mechanism of photoaging and the pathophysiology underlying the treatments specifically designed for its prevention and treatment. LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the conclusion of this learning activity, participants should be familiar with the mechanism of photoaging, the treatments for photoaging, and the data that supports the use of these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Rabe
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, USA
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